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Project 6.1.1: Student Response Sheet

IntroductionAnna Garcia was only 38 when she died, meaning that at least one of her body sys-tems was no longer able to support life. The failure of one or more of her body sys-tems may be the result of injury due to an accident or could be the result of an ill-ness or a combination of illnesses. Before we can determine which system or sys-tems failed or what caused the failure which led to her death, we have to learn more about the human body.

The human body is an amazing machine composed of many interrelated systems which are in turn composed of cells, tissues, and organs that act independently and interdependently within the body. No individual component of a human body works alone. Components of each system in the body affect or interact with every other system. The body is dependent upon the many interactions between all systems and structures to maintain homeostasis and health. In this activity you will investigate the different body systems that make up the human body and explore all of the ways Anna’s various illnesses affected each body system, potentially resulting in her pre-mature death.

Procedure:

i. Look back in your course file and list all of the ways each body system was im-pacted by the illness or disease Anna Garcia experienced in her life.

ii. Reference Autopsy Reports, Medical Histories and past lab activities to help you organize this information.

iii. Record any evidence that shows how the illness or disease may have been in-volved with her untimely death.

iv. Be specific about relationships between body systems and illness. You will use this chart to help construct your final timeline that explains how Anna died.

v. You will need to eventually upload this document to your e-portfolio under Anna’s Cause of Death.

© 2013 Project Lead The Way, Inc.PBS Project 6.1.1 Student Response Sheet –

Part II: Anna’s Illnesses

Illnesses’ Ef-fect on Sys-tem (if appli-

cable)

Diabetes Sickle Cell Anemia

Heart Disease Urinary Tract Infection


Cardiovascular Glucose Toler-ance Test showed an in-crease of glu-cose in the blood. This showed the lack of insulin production, which is type 1 diabetes.

A1C = 11%

Ketones in urine - means that the body is having to use the fats for en-ergy because glucose is un-able to enter the cells due to a lack of in-sulin. (Ketoaci-dosis)

Heart rate is in-creased and rapid due to the sickled blood cells. These cause the heart to have to work harder. RBC count is low, WBC count is high because the body is more immune to infection. Anna’s hemat-ocrit level is lower than nor-mal at 20%.

Anna is tachy-cardic, which means that her average heart rate is higher than normal. Anna’s is 90-105 throughout the day. Her blood pressure is really high at 142/85. She has a slight heart murmur. During the car-diac test Anna had a few pre-mature ventric-ular contrac-tions(found on an EKG). Anna experienced chest pain dur-ing the treadmill test, an an-giogram was done and they found a block-age in the left anterior de-scending coro-nary artery. Anna also has extremely high cholesterol and LDL. Her HDL levels and triglycerides are fine. The high HDL levels will cause plaque to build up in her blood vessels, making her at risk of heart at-tack.

Anna’s heart rate and BP were high when she had her in-fection.


ACE inhibitor used to help with hyperten-sion.

Vasotec - used to help with high BP

ACE and Va-sotec found in house but not in system - hadn’t taken them.

Digestive Nerves in the gut and esoph-agus can get affected and also heartburn and congestion is often related to a poor diet and lack of ex-ercise that some diabetics have.

Bilirubin gall-stones - sickle cells die in 20 days; liver breaks down the bilirubin; extra bilirubin can become a gallstone in the gallbladder

(bilirubin forms bile)

Cholesterol helps with bile made in liver.

It also helps emulsify fats in small intestine.

Obviously, the process of uri-nating is part of the digestive system. So get-ting rid of ex-cess body fluids through urinat-ing while having a UTI then that will cause pain while going to the bathroom. Other than pain, there are no other major ef-fects that a UTI has on the di-gestive system


Immune Having too much glucose in the body can diminish the ef-fect of immune responses in the body. It also increase inflammation during any type of complica-tions which makes simple viruses danger-ous to the body.

Because the spleen has nar-row blood ves-sels and func-tion in clearing defective red blood cells, it is frequently af-fected. Due to its inability to work the body is more sus-ceptible to in-fection, which causes the WBC count to increase.

If heart disease is causing the WBC count to be messed up the bodies im-mune system could be weak-ened.

An unbalanced immune system can cause in-flammation, pain, and de-struction of the healthy heart tissues.

Increased pro-duction of lym-phocytes (B & T cells) and anti-bodies against the bacteria; In-flammatory re-sponse (may in-crease addi-tional UTI and/or damage to urinary tract structures.

Nervous Diabetic Neu-ropathy is very common in dia-betics. This is caused by high blood sugar and not only does it affect the nervous system but can affect the di-gestive, uri-nary, cardio-vascular and vision. Diabetic Neuropathy may have dif-ferent effects on people but results in tin-gling or no feel-ing in limbs such as feet and hands.

Sickle Cell ane-mia causes blood vessels to clot. Having this may cause strokes which don’t allow blood flow to the brain.

Cholesterol is used in the myelin sheath which speeds up the impulse of a neuron.

Cholesterol is also important to synapse function.

Memory B cells help with mem-ory so the more B cells pro-duced due to fight the infec-tion, the more memory B cells were made.


Respiratory Inflammation of the lungs are more common and make Anna more susceptible to infections such as pneumonia or influenza.

Transport of blood while breathing in was slowed and congested due to sickle cell shape. Getting oxy-genated blood to different parts of body was delayed or not done.

A person with heart disease usually strug-gles with blood flow. In order for the lungs to function prop-erly O2 must be transported to the blood ves-sels in the lungs. If they do not get there than a person can have trou-ble breathing.

No relation be-tween Respira-tory Systems and Urinary Tract infections.

Urinary Increased bathroom use is a symptom. Glucose was found in urine.

Ketones found in urine - ke-toacidosis

Protein found in urine - kid-ney failure The kidney fil-ters the urine before it leaves the body. Over time a diabetic persons kidney gets over worked and it doesn’t func-tion as well - protein in urine - This can be a sign of kidney failure.

Causes a higher urine output than normal.

Can cause in increase in urine output.

Urine comes out cloudy and slightly pink in color. Anna had a urinary tract infection when she was 38.

Can affect the kidneys, blad-der, and ure-thra.


Sources Used:

http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tachycardia/basics/definition/con-20043012

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sickle-cell_disease

http://www.heart-health-guide.com/heart-disease-and-immune-system.html


http://www.heart-health-guide.com/heart-disease-and-immune-system.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sickle-cell_disease



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