Unit terms that you need to know:

Chemistry: the study of mater and its properties.Matter: anything with mass that takes up space.Pure Substance a substance with a definite chemical composition. Either an element (e.g. gold) or a compound (e.g NaCl).Element: a pure substance that cannot be broken down into something simpler by chemical means. Elements are found on the Periodic Table of ElementsMolecule: electrically neutral group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds. A molecule is also the smallest unit of a covalent compound possible (e.g., a single unit of water or H2O).Compound: chemical combination of two or more elements in fixed proportions.Mixture: physical blend of two or more pure substances.Homogeneous mixture: has the same uniform appearance and composition throughout. The individual components are difficult to see (e.g. chocolate pudding). Many homogeneous mixtures are commonly referred to as solutions (salt water, sugar water, etc.). Other examples include white vinegar and olive oil.Heterogeneous mixture: a mixture with a non-uniform composition (e.g., salad). The component parts remain separate from one another. Oil and water mixed together are an example.Colloid: a type of homogeneous mixture in which the parts do not separate into layers like a suspension, but do not dissolve into each other like a solution (e.g. homogenized milk, shaving cream)Suspension: a heterogeneous solution where particles are suspended and will fall as it sits and rests. For example, sand and water.Solution: – a type of homogeneous mixture whose parts dissolve into each other (e.g salt and water)Distillation separation of a liquid mixture using heating and cooling. Decantation: pouring off a lighter liquid in a settled mixture or suspension (e.g. sand and water)Electrolysis: separation of a compound using electricity (Water into hydrogen and oxygen gas)Physical PropertiesChemical PropertiesPhysical Change a change in which the internal composition of something remains the same.Chemical Change a change in which the internal compositions of a material changes.Malleability ability of a metal to be pounded into thin sheets without breakingViscosity the tendency of a fluid to resist flowing (honey is more viscous than water).Conductivity the ability of a material to allow heat or electricity to flow.

[1] Classification of Matter Graphic Organizer:

Chemistry is the study of matter and its properties. Chemistry is important because the fruits of chemistry impact our daily lives in immeasurable ways. New medicines are designed by biochemists, agricultural chemists seek ways to increase the fertility of soil and increase crop yield, while materials chemists are synthesizing and designing the objects we use in everyday life. We are going to create a matter classification chart that organizes some information. Read the following and use it to fill in the graphic organizer on the next page. Include the term and definition with examples for each box. To get you started, write the word Matter in the first box with its definition given below. Don’t forget to include examples.

Matter is anything with mass that takes up space. Matter is every material object we see around us and it can be subdivided into two categories. Matter is either a pure substance or a mixture. A pure substance is something with a definite chemical composition. A pure substance is classified as either an element or a compound. An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into something simpler by chemical means. Elements are found on the Periodic Table of Elements and include things such as Gold (Au), Hydrogen (H) and Iron (Fe). A compound is a chemical combination of two or more elements in fixed proportions. Compounds include things such as water (H2O), ,table salt (NaCl), baking soda or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and sugar (C12H22O11). It is easy to tell an element from a compound as elements always have only one capital letter (e.g. Li, Ne, C, F, Ar, etc.) whereas s compound must have more than one capital letter indicating multiple elements are present (CO2, NH3, H2O, etc.)

A mixture is a physical blend of two or more substances. Compounds like water are chemically bonded together (the hydrogen and oxygen atoms) but mixtures are just physically lumped together. A mixture will either be heterogeneous or homogeneous. A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture with a non-uniform composition (e.g., salad). The component parts remain separate from one another. You have a tomato here, a cucumber here and it’s all non-uniform. Lucky Charms is another good example. You have delicious marshmallows heterogeneously mixed with cat food. A homogenous mixture, on the other hand, has the same uniform appearance and composition throughout. The individual components are all but impossible to see with the naked eye (e.g. chocolate pudding, salt water, sugar water, milk). Homogenous mixtures can also be referred to as solutions or colloids. A true solution has very small particles that fully dissolve (e,g, salt water, sugar water, etc.), cannot be filtered and won’t scatter light. A colloid has small but slightly larger particles than a solution. It is also difficult to filter a colloid. Examples of colloids include mayonnaise, flour and water, blood, milk, cream and so on. Other examples include white vinegar and olive oil. You can’t see the particles in a colloid but they do not fully dissolve into one another like in a true solution. Finally, a heterogeneous mixture can also be known as a suspension if you have large particles suspended in a liquid (e.g. sand and water). The two components will not dissolve but remain separate and eventually settle out from one another. In this example the sand will eventually settle and sink to the bottom of the container.

[1] Classification of Matter Matching Terms

[1] Colloid_____[2] Solution____[3] Suspension___

a. a type of homogeneous mixture in which the parts do not separate into layers like a suspension, but do not dissolve into each other like a solution (e.g. homogenized milk, shaving cream)

b. a heterogeneous solution where particles are suspended and will fall as it sits and rests. For example, sand and water.

c. a type of homogeneous mixture whose parts dissolve into each other (e.g salt and water)

[4] Colloid_____[5] Solution____[6] Suspension___

a. really small particles that cannot be filteredb. large particles that can be filtered outc. medium sized particles that can be filtered

[7] Colloid_____[8] Solution____[9] Suspension___

a. sand and waterb. milkc. salt and water

[10] Chemistry____[11] Matter____[12] Pure-Substance___[13] Element[14] Compound

a. the study of mater and its properties.b. a substance with a definite chemical composition. Either an element (e.g.

gold) or a compound (e.g. NaCl).c. a pure substance that cannot be broken down into something simpler by

chemical means.d. chemical combination of two or more elements in fixed proportions.e. anything with mass that takes up space.

[15] Homogenous___[16] Heterogeneous___[17] Molecule ____[18] Mixture ______

a. a mixture that has the same uniform appearance and composition throughout. The individual components are difficult to see (e.g. chocolate pudding). Many homogeneous mixtures are commonly referred to as solutions (salt water, sugar water, etc.). Other examples include white vinegar and olive oil.

b. a mixture with a non-uniform composition (e.g., salad). The component parts remain separate from one another. Oil and water mixed together are an example.

c. electrically neutral group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.

d. A physical blend of two or more substances.

Counting Atoms: Elements vs Compounds

[2] Identify the following as an element or a compound:

Table Salt Sugar Neon Baking Soda Carbon Dioxide

NaCl Ne Gold Silver Argon

CO2

Fe C12H22O11

Lithium Water

[3] For a through j, list the elements each compound is made up of and how many atoms of each element it contains.

a. Nitrous Oxide N2O

b. Carbon TetraFluoride CF4

c. Sulfuric Acid H2SO4

d. Water 3H20

e. Baking Soda 2NaHCO3

f. Calcium Nitride 3Ca3N2

g. Ammonium Nitrate NH4NO3

h. Indigo 2C16H10N2O2

i. Aluminum Acetate 3Al(C2H3O2)3

j. Aluminum Sulfate 4Al2(SO3)3

[4] Compounds are typically different from the elements that make them up. Explain using table salt and water as two separate examples.

Separating Mixtures: there are many separation techniques and processes in Chemistry• Crystallization• Filtration• Decantation• Evaporation• Distillation

• Chromatography• Centrifugation• Mechanical Separation• Electrolysis:• Froth Flotation

• Heap Leaching• Smelting of metals• Chemical reactions

Watch the Following Video on How Aluminum is made and read the article below: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fa6KEwWY9HU

“The metallic element aluminum is the third most plentiful element in the earth's crust, comprising 8% of the planet's soil and rocks (oxygen and silicon make up 47% and 28%, respectively). In nature, aluminum is found only in chemical compounds with other elements such as sulphur, silicon, and oxygen. Pure, metallic aluminum can be economically produced only from aluminum oxide ore.

Metallic aluminum has many properties that make it useful in a wide range of applications. It is lightweight, strong, nonmagnetic, and nontoxic. It conducts heat and electricity and reflects heat and light. It is strong but easily workable, and it retains its strength under extreme cold without becoming brittle. The surface of aluminum quickly oxidizes to form an invisible barrier to corrosion. Furthermore, aluminum can easily and economically be recycled into new products.”

Read more: http://www.madehow.com/Volume-5/Aluminum.html#ixzz4Lw43H300

[5] Why is it important to separate mixtures in chemistry? How is aluminum separated?

[6] Explain how you can use the physical properties of each to separate a mixture of sand, salt, iron filings, poppy seeds, ammonium chloride and beads?

[7] Distinguish between chemical properties and physical properties. Give examples of physical properties.

Chemical and Physical Changes

[8] In your own words, distinguish between a chemical change and a physical change.

[9] What are the two types of physical changes? Distinguish between them.

[10] List five clues that might indicate a chemical change has occurred

[10] Identify the following as either chemical or physical changes? Cooking an Egg Ripping Paper Lighting a Match A C3H8O molecule evaporating Ice Melting Fruit ripening Mixing Baking soda and vinegar Getting a suntan

Alcohol evaporating Making a paper airplane Crushing chalk Digesting food Baking a cake Braiding Hair Leaves changing color Carbon Dioxide sublimating

]

[11] Phase Changes Of Water

You need to know this chart from memory. Fill it in with the terms below. Then define and provide an example of each of the following terms:

Sublimation

Deposition

Melting

Freezing

Condensation

Evaporation

[12] Properties of Solids, Liquids and Gases

[13

SOLID LIQUID GAS

Shape

Volume

Particle Motion

Location or Arrangement

[13] Pictures:

Draw a diagram showing the comparative size of particles in a solution, colloid and suspension.

Draw a molecular scale representation of an element in one cup, a compound in another and a mixture in the third.