vertebrates
DESCRIPTION
Vertebrates. Linnea Kirby, Michelle Duffy, and Adrienne Vergith-Hill. Vertebrate Evolution. Chordates. notochord dorsal hollow nerve cord muscular post-anal tail pharyngeal slits or clefts deuterostomes. Craniates. neural crest genetically complex pharyngeal clefts. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Vertebrates
Linnea Kirby, Michelle
Duffy, and Adrienne
Vergith-Hill
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Vertebrate Evolution
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Chordates
• notochord• dorsal hollow nerve cord• muscular post-anal tail• pharyngeal slits or clefts• deuterostomes
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Craniates
• neural crest • genetically complex• pharyngeal clefts
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What is a vertebrate?
• internal bony skeleton • sub phylum of Chordata• notochord evolved into
spinal cord
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Lampreys
• Oldest living lineage of vertebrates• Live in marine and freshwater environments• Parasitic to fish
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Fish• 3 Types
o chondrichthyes first lineage
gnathostomes cartilaginous must constantly swim in
order to surviveo ray-finned fish
first lineage of osteichthyans operculum (gill cover) swim bladder 2-chambered hearts
o lobe-finned fish possibly predecessors of
tetrapods
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Amphibians
• first lineage of tetrapods• amphibians means "two lives"• found in damp habitats• 3-chambered heart
xxx
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Amniotes
• have an amniotic egg• amniotic egg has
extraembryoic membraneso function in gas exchangeo waste storageo transfer of stored nutrients
to embryoo 4 membranes
allantois amnion chorion yolk sac
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Reptiles
• first lineage of amniotes• have scales
o needs to use its lungs for air exchange
o waterproof barrier to prevent dehydration
• ectothermic• 3-chambered heart
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Reptiles cont. — Birds
• endothermic• hollow bones
o help with flight • flight• feathers - made
out of same protein as scales
• 4-chambered heart
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Mammals
• amniotes that have hair and produce milk
• 4-chambered heart• 3 subgroups
o monotremes lay eggs only found in Australia
and New Guinea don't have nipples
o marsupials higher metabolic rate pouch
o eutherians (placental mammals) longer period of
pregnancy embryonic development
in uterus
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Humans
• bipedal hominoid with a large brain• different than hominids
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"Baby Kangaroo - Cute Kangaroo Pictures." Crazy Videos, Funny Videos, Funny Pictures, Flash Games, Guzer.com. Web. 28 Nov. 2011. <http://www.guzer.com/pictures/baby_kangaroo.php>. "Blue Poison Dart Frog." National Aquarium, Baltimore | Home. Web. 28 Nov. 2011. <http://www.aqua.org/animals_bluepoisondartfrog.html>. Campbell, Neil A. Biology. [S.l.]: Benjamin-Cummings, 2005. Print. "Chimpanzee and Tiger - Best Friends | FunTim." FunTim Fun Images and Cool Photos. Web. 28 Nov. 2011. <http://www.funtim.com/dgb.html>. "Chordate." Virtual Microscope Home Page. Web. 28 Nov. 2011. <http://kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/16cm05/1116/chordate.htm>. "Dartfrogforums.com - Dart Frog Forums." Tech Blog. Web. 28 Nov. 2011. <http://newverhost.com/reports/69/69/663/dartfrogforums_com.html>. "Echidna Spikes Poll as Cutest Aussie Animal." The Lab AU | VetShopAustralia.com.au Blog. Web. 28 Nov. 2011. <http://vetshoplab.blogspot.com/2011/01/echidna-spikes-poll-as-cutest-aussie.html>. NOAA Coral Reef Information System (CoRIS) Home Page. US Department of Commerce. Web. 28 Nov. 2011. <http://coris.noaa.gov/>. "NOAA Ocean Explorer: Pacific Hagfish." NOAA, Ocean Explorer. Web. 28 Nov. 2011. <http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/lewis_clark01/logs/jul08/media/hagfish.html>. "Oops: Cell Shows Up a Billion Years Early | Bob Enyart Live." Home | Bob Enyart Live. Web. 28 Nov. 2011. <http://kgov.com/bel/20100903>. "Phyla Class Animal Diversity." Quia. Web. 28 Nov. 2011. <http://www.quia.com/jg/1962577list.html>. "Reptiles: Animals with Scales." Kidport Home Page. Web. 28 Nov. 2011. <http://www.kidport.com/reflib/science/animals/reptiles.htm>. "Shark Behind Scuba Divers Photo Hoax." Latest Email Hoaxes - Current Internet Scams - Hoax-Slayer. Web. 28 Nov. 2011. <http://www.hoax-slayer.com/shark-behind-divers.shtml>. "Stephanie Lisa Tara's Blog." Social Moms: the Influential Moms Network. Web. 28 Nov. 2011. <http://www.socialmoms.net/profiles/blog/list?user=3u3flc1v7aj7q>.
Picture Citations
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The End