CENTRAL INDIAVERNACULAR STUDY

#casestudy- GONDIA Gondia district (almost on Maharashtra and MP border) is located near

Nagpur in Mahrashtra. The traditional dwellings situated there, are typical for that region.

The houses varied from small single storied mud structures to three or even more, in similar pattern. So the main building of the original haveli is combined to the courtyard and livestock-shelters of the second, completing the original traditional dwelling as it would have had been.

PLAN

ISOMETRIC VIEWSZONES

ELEVATIONS, VIEWSA stepped pyramidal structure with sloping roofs.No open terrace and minimal openings.

VILLAGE GATHERINGSGatherings of males of the village happened daily in the evenings after the days work.Sometimes small scale social functions also happen here.This activity is completely public and thus no privacy is required.

1- Front verandah for minor  and personal gatherings2- A large courtyard suitable for holding mini functions3- Seating outside the main gate.

LIVESTOCK MANAGEMENTThe management of the livestock is mainly carried out by the servants, throughout the day. It is a combination of different activities like cleaning, milking, feeding, etc. Cleaning of the shelters is done everyday.The 1st floor of the shelters is used for storing the fodder for the livestock. An year’s supply is stored at one go.

1. Use of courtyard for livestock management.2. Storage on 1st floor, replenished each year.

STORAGEThe whole built form has more combined space for storages than any other purposes.This is mainly because the zamindar/ tashildar the whole harvest produced on their land is stored in the haveli.Further there is a large collection of livestock, and storage is required for their fodder as well.Also an emergency food storage is kept for the family members

SLEEPINGIt is a space where outsiders are not allowed.Adjacent side storage is used for storing the bedding whenever not in use

CLIMATEThe building seems to be built keeping in mind all the seasons.Though it is best suited for summers.The upper floors act as false ceiling.The side passage rooms act as wind channels.Absence of openings reduces the heat exchange to the minimum.The roof extends almost a meter beyond the walls, probably to protect the heavy rainwater from soaking the walls.As well as to provide shade from the sun and prevent heating up of the building.Front courtyard faces the north, preventing direct solar rays on the most used part.The rear verandah can be used much more in winter due to sun’s southern inclination.

SPECIFIC FEATURES KEEPING IN MIND THE CLIMATIC CONDITIONSTo resist heat gainIncrease of thermal resistance and capacity by maximizing the building depth.(The thick walls increase the time lag)(Low utility areas like verandahs, courtyards, storages, etc.)Low utility upper floors act as false ceilings.Light colouring to minimize heat absorption by the walls.Promote heat loss ,..Vegetation outside to decrease glare

BUILDING MATERIALS

1. Timber framework2. Light blue color of the walls3. Mud wallsBuilding materials are completely local:Framework is done by teakwood found in the jungles nearby.Wherever stone is used, (most importantly as a plinth) is local stone. Grey granite is found in the region.Walls are made up off a mixture of mud + straw + cow dung.The walls are coloured with lime mixed with indigo, to give a light blue colour.The tiles used on the roof are burnt clay tiles

DWELLING FORM AS STATUS & POSITION SYMBOL

As one approaches the village the 2nd floor of the haveli is seen towering on top of other single and double storeyed structures.

Though built as an outpost for watching the estate the 2nd floor works rather as an identitifcation mark.

Courtyard of the haveli is much larger than any other in the village measuring almost 17m x15m, making it an ideal spot for social functions

Though entries to all residences in the village are big, the main gate to a haveli is the largest measuring about 3m x 3m and outer walls being 5m tall.

TRADITION AND BELIEFS

Short heights of the door.The big main entrance.Secluded puja room.Secluded area for women.

VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE

CHHATTISGARH

ABOUT CHHATISGARH•Geography - Present Chhattisgarh came into existence on 1st Nov. 2000. Extracted from Madhya Pradesh.•Main city - Raipur, Bilaspur, Durg.•Climate - the tropic of cancer passes through Chhattisgarh. Hence the northern part gets warmer after 2nd march. During this time the temperatures in southern districts remain high. It is a region of high rainfall.

Residential Building A House in the outskirts of Rajnondjnon

PLAN

1. The house consists of 2 rooms , kitchen , animal shelter, and otla (sitting portion)2. No Toilet is provided3. Walls are made thick(280-300mm),for providing support and controlling temp.4. There is absence of window in this house A. Reason is of extreme temperature at summer (>45deg.celcius) B. Ventilation happens through the perforated roof and also the gap between the roof and the wall

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Plot area 5 x 7 = 35 sqmt.

Section of the house.

Top view

Construction Details

Roof is made up of Redland clay tile on a structure supported by wooden slabs

This type of roofing forms pores in between which helps in proper light and ventilation

This tiles are cheap and are easily available here

Walls are made up of Mud mixed with grass and rice husk for strength purpose.

No reinforcements are provided inside the walls.

The walls are plastered with off white locally available mud called as “CHUHI” mud.

No windows are provided

Construction Details

Opening between roof and the wall

results in proper light and air circulation

The wooden pillar

undertaking the load of the

roof

Bamboo structure supporting

the interlocking of tiles forming roof

The flooring is done by mixture

of soft mud, cow dung

Smartly used pillar to

hang clothes and bags

Kothi is a granary which is designed with suspended floors for air circulation and protection from rodents and insects.These are always

detached from the external walls to avoid moisture penetration.A granary also acts as an element to divide the space (cooking area from living area)Small vents are also noticed in the area below the granary to perhaps to supply oxygen to the cooking area.

Construction DetailsPlinth is Made up of pure MUD laid a feet deep to the

ground. The plinth is approx. 1 foot (30 cm) in

height.

Otla is a platform outside the house. It is presentin every houses at different scale used for differentpurposes

Otla can be used as sitting people interacting, children playing, women cutting vegetables etc.

Bamboo Sticks runs through the room and provides base for roof

Ledged, Braced and Batten doors are used.

Niche is provided in almost every wall in the house for multipurpose.

VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE MADHYA PRADESH

ABOUT MADYA PRADESH• Its 40 percent area is under forest cover • The state straddles the Narmada River, which runs east and

west between the Vindhya and Satpura mountain ranges• The hilly regions with forest coverage are extremely cool

whereas the open lands are comparatively hot.• The minimum temperature goes up to 4'C and a maximum of

28 – 30'C in the hilly areas. whereas in the plain land, the minimum temperatures ranges 8 – 10'C and has a maximum of 42'C.

• The average rain fall in M.P. is around 1370mm.

Typology of SettlementThe typologies are worked on the basis of size and structureSizeThese villages are located on plainsThe occupants are mainly associated with agricultureThe average size of village is 1000-1500 house

StructureSettlement is comparatively smaller the number of dwellings.Dwellings goes up to 150 units.They are linear i.e. a row of houses facing each other along a street .Once the settlement reaches maximum number of houses a new settlement in the vicinity is set up

Third TypologyThey lived in clusters of three to four houses .These clusters are at different levels at certain distances because of undulating land form.These clusters are not connected by defined pathways as the houses are constructed in the fields itself.

Typology of Habitat

• This is in from the nucleus village

• This is essentially the house of farmer - not the house of tribes.

• This house has an enclosure for protection.

• The enclosure which is semi open is used as animal yard

• Covered living space which is sometimes two storied and cooking space with rear courtyard

• Linear pattern and follows the hierarchy of semi open.

• Covered and semi open spaces.

• Bamboo baskets or the mats

• Grain storage made up of mud are used for creating partitions in living spaces.

• The house is of mud walls with pitched roof with earthen tiles.

• The unit appears to be one rectangular block with a sloping roof.

• The rectangular plan partition walls are erected to separate living from cooking space.

• The walls are directly exposed to sun and very small openings are provided for ventilation.

• The animal yard is constructed nearby.

Construction Details

Dwelling located in the village Kalyanpur M.P.

• It has a lot of empty space known as ”bayara”

• The roof is mainly made of bamboo hay and “khapraels”.

• For proper ventilation slits have been provided in the roofing.

There is a verandah next to the front door which is used as a sitting purpose like baithak .There is mud flooring in verandah.

There is a way like a corridor to the gaushala and store. It is used very common for animals

Construction Details

We can see the interior of the house, uses of spaces, wiring ,old furniture of the house. We can see the level of door which is quite above the ground.

In the roofing matrials used- Bamboo, tiles, mud etc.

Aesthetic Details

101113019 JULIAN DIVAKAR 101113020 KARNIK HEGDE 101113021 HARSHAVARDHAN

RAO 101113023 LIMI SURESH 101113024 GOKUL ANAND 101113025 MADAM MALLIKARJUN