ventilation simulation program user's manual', dated 11 ... · mine ventilation services...
TRANSCRIPT
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L ~VN ETPCTVENTILATION SIMULATION PROGRAM
USERS MANUAL
L
MINEVENTILATIONSERVICES, INC.
FORE1WORD
L
Since the mid nineteen sixties, computer simulation programs have
been available to assist engineers in the planning and design of mine
ventilation systems. Such programs were developed to run on the
larger mainframe computers owing to their need for high computing
speeds and storage requirements.
Over the past few years, microcomputers have become more compact,
faster, less expensive and of greater memory capacity. The VNETPC
L system has been developed to make full use of these advances in
computer technology. The system is made easy to use through a series
L of interconnected menus that permit a completely interactive mode of
operation, including hard copy graphical input and output.
The VNETPC software has been written for the IBM PC XT and IBN
CcoMratible machines. Using this system, the ventilation engineer has,
within the confines of his own office, a rapid method of analyzing,
L_ investigating and storing mine networks of a practical size; a method
that is truly flexible, enabling him to make design decisions as he
proceeds, and at negligible operating cost.
We wish you success in your use of the VNETPC System.
L Malcolm J. McPherson
President
Mine Ventilation Services Inc.
VNETPCTMVENTILATION SIMULATION PROGRAM
USERS MANUAL
First Edition (November 1985)Program Version 1
Mine Ventilation Services, Inc. provides this manual teas is"without warranty of any kind, either express or implied,including, but not limited to the implied warranties ofmerchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Thispublication could contain technical inaccuracies ortypographical errors. MVS may make improvements and orchanges in this manual and or the program(s) described in thismanual at any time and without notice.
VNETPC is a trademark of Mine Ventilation Services Corporation.IBM and PC XT are registered trademarks of International BusinessMachines Corporation. DOS is a registered trademark ofInternational Business Machines Corporation and or MicrosoftCorporation. Hewlett Packard 7475A, HPGL, and hp are registeredtrademarks of Hewlett Packard Corporation.
Comments and or inquiries regarding this manual or the VNETPCprogram package may be sent to the address below.
Copyright (c)1985 Mine Ventilation Services,Inc. All rightsreserved.
3717 Mt. Diablo Blvd., Lafayette, CA 94549. (415)284-5912, 284-5924.
-ii-
CONTENTS Page
INTRODUCTION 1
1. OVERVIEW OF VNETPC 3
1.1 Description of the VNETPC Package 3
1.1.1 VNETPC, its Applications and Users 31.1.2 VNETPC, its Origin and Some Background
Theory 4
1.2 Capabilities and Features of VNETPC 51.3 Hardware Requirements 8
2. STRUCTURE OF VNETPC 9
2.1 Manage Input Files (Executive Menu) 15
2.1.1 List input files on drives(Input File Manager Menu) 15
2.1.2 Construct New Data File(Input File Manager Menu) 15
2.1.2.1 Naming Data Files 162.1.2.2 Units 162.1.2.3 Documentation Information 172.1.2.4 Surface Reference Junctions 172.1.2.5 Fan Data 182.1.2.6 Branch Data 20
2.1.3 Retrieve Input File for Modification(Input File Manager Menu) 26
2.1.3.1 Data File Manager 26
2.1.3.1.1 Modify Input Data File(Data File Manager Menu) 27
2.1.3.1.1.1 Amending DescriptiveData (Input FileEditor Menu) 27
2.1.3.1.1.2 Amending Fan Data(Input File EditorMenu) 28
2.1.3.1.1.3 Amending Branch Data(Input File EditorMenu) 31
2.1.3.1.2 List Input Data File(Data File Manager Menu) 35
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CONTENTS(CONTINUED) Page
2.1.3.1.3 Print Input Data File(Data File Manager Menu) 35
2.1.3.1.4 Save Input Data File(Data File Manager Menu) 36
2.1.3.1.5 Return to htain Menu(Data File Manager Menu) 36
2.1.4 Delete Input Files (Input File ManagerMenu) 37
2.1.5 Return To Executive Menu (Input FileManager Menu) 37
2.2 Executive Program (Executive Menu) 38
2.2.1 Data File Specification 382.2.2 Drive Specification 382.2.3 Data Conversion 392.2.4 Execution Process 39
2.3 View or Print Output (Executive Menu) 42
2.3.1 List Errors (Quick List Menu) 42
2.3.1.1 Fan in illeoal branch 432.3.1.2 Too many fixed quantities 432.3.1.3 Mesh Errors 442.3.1.4 Iteration Limit Exceeded 45
2.3.2 List Fan Operating Points (Quick ListMenu) 46
2.3.3 List.Branch Data (Quick List Menu) 462.3.4 List Regulator and Booster Data
(Quick List Menu) 482.3.5 Return to Executive Menu (Quick List
Menu). 482.3.6 Print Output File (Quick List Menu) 49
2.3.6.1 Print Output Data Only (Print Menu) 492.3.6.2 Print Output Data with Pressure
Reference Tcble (Print Menu) 502.3.6.3 Print Input and Output Data
(Print Menu) 502.3.6.4 Print Input and Output Data with
Pressure Reference Table (PrintMenu) 51
2.4 Plot Results (Executive Menu) 53
-iv-
CON'TENTS(CONTINUED) Pape
2.4.1 List Saved Coordinate Files on Disk orDiskette (Coordinate Data File Menu) 54
2.4.2 Retrieve Stored Coordinate Data Filefor Plotting (Coordinate Data File Menu) 55
2.4.3 Digitize Coordinate Data File fromBeginning (Coordinate Data File Menu) 56
2.4.4 Return to Executive Menu (Coordinate DataFile Menu) 58
2.4.5 Main Plotter Menu 59
2.4.5.1 Airflow Plot (Main Plotter Mecnu) 622.4.5.2 Pressure Plot (Main Plotter Menu) 622.4.5.3 Operating Cost Plot (Main Plotter
Menu) 622.4.5.4 Resistance Plot (Ilain Plotter Menu) 632.4.5.5 Branch Number Plot (Main Plotter
Menu) 632.4.5.6 Coordinate Data File Management
(Main Plotter Menu) 63
2.4.5.6.1 Save Current Data FileCoordinates (File ManagementMenu) 64
2.4.5.6.2 List Saved Coordinate DataFiles on Disk or Diskette (FileManagement Menu) 64
2.4.5.6.3 Delete Any Coordinate DataFile (File Management Menu) 64
2.4.5.6.4 Re-name Coordinate Data File(File Management Menu) 65
2.4.5.6.5 Retrieve Another CoordinateData File (File ManagementMenu) 65
2.4.5.6.6 Return to Plotter Menu(File Management Menu) 65
2.4.5.7 Redigitize Any Point (Main PlotterMenu) 66
2.4.5.8 Add or Delete Ventilation ControlSymbols (lain Plotter Menu) 66
2.4.5.9 Return to Executive Menu(Mrain Plotter Menu) 68
3. SETUP AND USE OF VNETPC 70
3.1 Setup Procedure for Fixed Disk System 70
3.1.1 Setup Sub-directory 703.1.2 Copying VNETPC Files to Your Sub-directory 713.1.3 Supplying the Key - the Install Option 723.1.4 Backup and Care of Program Diskettes 74
COrTTENTS(CONTI1UED) - ae
3.2 File Management with a Fixed Disk 753.3 Using VNETPC with Fixed Disk 76
3.3.1 Creating the Network Data File 77
3.3.1.1 Data Input 773.3.1.2 Initial Run 79
3.3.2 Anending a Network 803.3.3 Using VNETPC for Netwiorlc Exercises 81
4. NET110RK EXANPLE 83
4.1 Description of Mtine Network 834.2 Data Input 894.3 Initial Run and Data Correction 914.4 Network Exercises 92
Other services offered by INS.
-Vi-
INTRODUCTION
The VNETPC operating system is a self contained package of
programs designed to assist mine environmental engineers in the
planning of sub-surface ventilation layouts. Given data that
describes the geometry of the mine network, airway resistances or
dimensions, and the locations and characteristic curves of fans, the
programs will produce listings and plots of branch airflows,
frictional pressure drops, fan operating points and power costs.
The VNETPC software has been developed specifically for the IBM PC
XT microcomputers and compatible machines. The full hardware
requirements are given in Section 1.3 of the manual. The system is
supplied on two 5 1/4 inch double density diskettes (floppies).
The programs on the VNETPC system are completely interactive.
Simply enter the data when the computer asks for it. There are plenty
of opportunities to amend data if you make a mistake or wish to modify
a network.
On obtaining a new program package there is a very natural
impatience to load it into the machine and to start pressing buttons,
just to see what happens. However, we would make two suggestions to
save yourself time and to familiarize yourself with the system.
First, read Sections 1 and 3 of this manual carefully. Section 2
contains details of individual menu items and may be used for
reference and further reading. Second, sit at the keyboard and
reproduce the example given in Section 4. The time spent in these
preparatory exercises will repay itself many times over as you
progress in your experience of using VNETPC.
If you have any questions regarding VNETPC or any other of our
software systems, or if you would like some special features built
into a customized version of the package, then please contact us at:
Mine Ventilation Services Inc.
Software Group
3717 Mount Diablo Boulevard
Lafayette, California 94549
USA
Telephone: (415)284-5912
(415)284-5924
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1. OVERVIEW OF VNETPC
This introductory section describes the applications, capabilities
and hardware requirements of the VNETPC package. A brief summary on
the basic theory employed by VNETPC as well as a detailed list of the
special features of the package are included. Following this overview
section, a detailed description of the structure of the VNETPC package
is given. The menu type of structure is described with the aid of flow
charts after which all the options available from every menu are
described. A section regarding the procedure required to utilize
VNETPC is also included, as well as a complete example.
1.1 Description of the VNETPC Package
1.1.1 VNETPC, its Applications and Users
VNETPC is a micro-computer software package designed specifically
to assist in the design, planning and control of underground
ventilation systems. Using data from ventilation surveys or
determined from known airway dimensions and characteristics, existing
ventilation networks can be simulated in such a manner that airflow
rates, frictional pressure drops and fan operating points approximate
those of the actual system.. Following acceptable correlations with the
existing ventilation system, network exercises may be conducted to
determine the system requirements for future mine developments or
economic evaluations to improve the efficiency of the current system.
Considerable operating cost savings may be realized from such
exercises. Effective and cost saving ventilation systems for proposed
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mines may also be designed with the assistance of VNETPC. Such
simulations are initiated by incorporating physical data from
conceptual plans with documented design parameters to determine
estimated resistances of the airways in the network. The range of fan
duties required, the airway sizes and the scheduling of airway
construction may be determined by conducting time phase exercises
using VNETPC.
VNETI'C is suitable for design engineers involved in conceptual and
detailed design of ventilation systems for subsurface structures. The
portability of the package enables it also to be used on site by mine
engineers for rapid evaluations and system analyses of the mine
ventilation network.
The VNETPC package incorporates a streamlined version of an
earlier program, VNET, whose history of reliability and application
has been well documented.
1.1.2 VNETPC, its Origin and Some Background Theory
VNETPC evolved from the main frame code VNET which was re-designed
to be applicable on the increasingly powerful microcomputers available
today. Built around the numerical code are satellite programs which
manage the input/output and user interaction required to operate the
code efficiently. These satellite programs allow user friendly
interaction and simplify data input and output data evaluation. The
integrity of the VNET code was not altered, thus the same principles
used for network evaluation apply.
The code is designed for incompressible flow and is based on the
Kirchhoff Laws: 1 - The algebraic sum of the volume flow rates
-4-
entering and leaving each junction totals zero (0). (Pseudo-
compressible flow can be simulated by fixed quantity injections of air
at any junction - section 1.2). 2 - The algebraic sum of the
frictional pressure drops along any closed circuit totals zero (0).
The code utilizes an accelerated form of the Hardy Cross iterative
technique to converge to a solution. In short, the iteration
L procedure is as follows.
The code evaluates the network and constructs a number of meshes,
the minimum number being equivalent to the number of branches minus
the number of junctions plus one. Each branch in the network is
represented in at least one closed mesh, and each mesh contains no
l more than one high resistance branch. For every mesh, a flow quantity
correction factor is calculated using airway resistance, fan
characteristic curves and initial estimates of airflow chosen by the
computer. The quantity correction factor is applied to the estimated
flows of all the branches in the mesh. This is performed for each mesh
in the network. This process is repeated iteratively until
Kirchhoff's second law holds to a prescribed level of accuracy for
L every mesh in the network. The resulting network is then balanced.
1.2 Capabilities and Features of VNETPC
Large Networks - ViETPC has the capability of analyzing networks of up
to 500 branches and 20 fans. This is feasible in short run times with
only 256 k bytes of memory. (Larger networks may be evaluated should
more memory be available).
Bi-Unit: VNETPC can process data either in Imperial or System
-5-
International units.
Five Input Data Forms - For input of branch data, the following five
forms are accepted:
(1) p & Q - pressure drop and air quantity. These values
can be entered as obtained from a pressure-
L quantity survey.
L (2) R - fixed airway resistance. This value may be
calculated from survey data or determined
L from airway dimensions and friction factor.
(3) k, L, Leq, Per, A - airway physical characteristics
(friction factor, length, equivalent length
of shock loss, perimeter and area) used to
calulated resistance.
(4) Q,Rmin - fixed airflow rate with minimum airway
resistance. Ilay be airflow required through a
regulator or booster fan.
(5) Q - inject/reject fixed airflow. Used to add or
__ remove air from selected junctions to account for
compressiblity effects, ducts or compressed air
lines, or areas of the mine not represented in
L____________ the network.
No consistency of input format is required, and data entries are
prompted.
Detailed and Easy-to-Read Output Data - The output data from VNETPC is
separated into four parts. (a) Fan operating points, the power
requirements and operating costs, based on power charges supplied by
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the user, are listed. (b) The frictional pressure drop, airflow
rate, resistance, airpower loss and cost of ventilating is listed for
every branch in the network. (c) If fixed airflow quantities are
utilized, a regulator resistance or booster fan requirement is listed
separately. (d) At user discretion, a pressure reference table may be
printed which lists the relative pressure at every junction in the
LI network. This is useful in determining the direction of leakage
1. , trends.
Selective Scanning and Printing of Output Data - Designated sections
of the output data, from the fan operating points only to complete
LI specifiction of the network may be viewed and printed. The input and
l - output data may be printed out in full, together or separately, with
or without the pressure reference table.
LFull Multi-Colored Plotting Capabilities - At user discretion, a
, network may be digitized and various parameters plotted. Plots
illustrating junction numbers and branch numbers can be generated for
L reference. Detailed plots of airflow, pressure drop, resistance and
L operating cost can be produced with options of color coding. Fans and
ventilation controls such as regulators, stoppings and doors are also
L plotted.
LZ Complete Data File Management - User data files for input and plotting
L purposes can be listed, modified, printed, saved under any name, saved
on any drive or deleted.
-
1.3 Hardware Requirements
VNETPC was developed on an IBM PC XT but is, however, designed to
operate on any IBM compatible micro-computer with a minimum of 256 k
bytes of memory. For optimal performance from the VNETPC package the
following hardware is recommended. First, a printer should be
available in order to keep better records and to assist in
scrutinizing input and output data. The plotting package made
available with VNETPC is designed for a Hewlett Packard 7475A six pen
plotter. The recommended configuration of these peripherals is to
have the printer on a parallel port with the plotter on a serial port.
To increase the speed of data transfer and to simplify data file
organization, a hard disk unit is recommended, backed up by one floppy
disk drive. Additionally a color monitor with a color graphics card
is suggested, although not required. Color coding of the background is
utilized considerably in VNETPC in order to separate defined sections
of input and output. An 8087 math co-processor chip will decrease run
times significantly and is highly recommended. Should the user have
access to a micro-computer configured in a manner differently than
suggested, a customized version of VNETPC may be obtained.
-8-
2. STRUCTURE OF VNETPC
VNETPC is structured such that the user selects options from
organized bulletins termed menus. Frora the main or Executive Menu,
the user may select to interact with the satellite programs built
around the calculation code. Each satellite program is also menu
structured and the user can progress from one menu to another rapidly.
From the Executive Menu the user may select to:
1. Manage Input Files
2. Execute Program
3. View or Print Output
4. Plot
5. Exit Program
Selection of option (1) allows the user to create a new input data
file as well as amend a new or existing file. Options are also
available to list, print and delete input files.
Selection of option (2) allows access to the calculation code.
Any saved input data file may be evaluated as specified by the user.
Selection of option (3) allows the user to selectively view or
print the results of the last input file evaluated by the calculation
code. This portion is automatically loaded into memory after each
execution of the calculation code. Viewing or printing of the latest
run can, however, be done anytime after execution but must be done
before execution of a new or amended input data file. The output data
from a new run over-writes the results of the previous execution.
Selection of option (4) allows the results from the latest run to
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be plotted. A schematic of the network is required in order to
digitize junction coordinates. These coordinates can be saved and
updated for future runs.
Option (5) is used to leave the VNETPC system. The data fron the
last run is saved allowing plotting and printing at a later time af~ter
exiting the program.
The structure of the VNETPC package and the possible routes
between the satellite programs are illustrated on Figures 1.1-1.4.
Also illustrated are some of the additional options available beyond
those of the executive menu. All possible options are described in
detail in the ensuing sections in the order prescribed by the
Executive Menu.
-10-
Figure 1.1 Structure of VNETPC System
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X 1J3~LJT F= X L.F
DrnK-E j, F= W rwlO> I F'F=X Ir -T I mmn = r$ FfXI .E
Figure 1.2 Input File Manager
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IZ RF I.I IR EI: > RC3I3I co -
Fi-lur2 1.3 Quick List Options
-_.3-
IC=C3C3nz X 0%riF= I=
r
[ lvi ~ F( r %IE -w
£DDR~FZ L-~E- ]F:P"c3mKI=%m
5~L-3rn
CB m 1=491L"I E 64LY3- R -
.0Pr it 4
I = -C I~I 4= F=LDMWI= y FW'-=M- I LJI=%-CONT rOmL.
E3%emnOL-
9:bLOT:-C35:1 E R~~ INS- X4C
Ic3N1"
I O1 C -SP IZZE3- VSfS K F
1 T7 St m P.
r XPOI- 3-II E -. x rs I - ,
Figure 1.4 Plotter Options and Coordinate File 4ananer.ent
.. A-.
2.1 MANAGE INPUT FILES (Executive Menu)
Selection of this option from the Executive Menu loads the "Input
File Manager Main Menu" which allows the user to perform the followin3
functions (see figure 1.2):
1. List Input Files on Drives
2. Construct New Data File
3. Retrieve Input File for Modification
4. Delete Input Files
5. Return to Executive MNenu
2.1.1 List input files on drives (Input File Manager Menu)
Selection of this option prompts the question "Input drive A, B,
or C". Depending on the configuration of the system the user enters
the drive from which the input data files are to be listed. Entries
do not require capitalization. Should an incorrect letter be entered,
the user is prompted to re-enter. The screen will then list the names
of all input data files currently available on the drive.
2.1.2 Construct New Data File (Input File Manager Mienu)
Selection of this option allows the user to enter a completely new
input data file. The required input is prompted from the screen.
Should an erroneous value be entered, the user should continue
inputting the remaining data. After data entry is completed,
selections from the "Data File Manager Menu", Section (2.2), allow for
-15-
data alteration. The following subsections describe the input
required to construct a new data file.
2.1.2.1. Naming Data Files
The first entry required is the name of the new input data file.
The file name cannot be longer than seven characters and cannot
contain colons or decimal points. Characters can be entered in upper
or lower case. If an incorrect entry is made, the user will be
prompted for re-input of the file name. Alteration of the file name is
allowed before saving the file.
2.1.2.2. Units
System International (SI) or Imperial (British) units may be used.
The entry required is either S or B, upper or lower case. The SI and
Imperial units utilized for ventilation parameters are listed.
L
L
Parameter SI IMperial (Br)
Resistance
Airflow
Pressure drop
P.U. - practical unit =
milli inches w.g./(kcfm)2
n3 /s
Pa
kcfm
milli inches water guage
(m. in. w.g.)
-16-
Parameter SI Imperial (Br)
Fan pressure
Friction factor
kPa
kg/rn3
inch w.g.
lbf min2/ft x410 0
hp
ft
Power kW
Length m
2.1.2.3 Documentation Information
The following four prompts are for user documentation purposes;
entries are optional.
Title of Network -
Name of Mine -
Company Name -
Additional Record Information -
Entries can be words or sentences, 40 characters including spaces
may be entered for each enquiry. If an entry is not desired, the
return key may be depressed to move to the next record.
2.1.2.4 Surface Reference Junction
The surface reference junction is the number of the node in the
user's network which represents the surface. Usually all the branches
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representing airways into and out of the mine connect to one surface
node. This junction is assigned the reference pressure of zero (0).
The junction pressures printed as a table at the bottom of the output
are each relative to the reference junction.
Entries must be positive integers less than 9999.
2.1.2.5 Fan.Data
The fan data required consists of the number of fans, the mean
efficiency of the fans, the power costs in cents per kih, the
junctions defining the branches in which the fans are located, and fan
characteristic points if desired.
Number of Fans
The maximum number of main and booster fans permissible is 20. An
integer value less than 21 is required.
Average Fan Efficiency
In order to calculate operating costs, the average overall
efficiency of all the fans is required. The overall efficiency is the
ratio of the power produced by the fan to the power supplied to the
fan. The required value is the average efficiency of all the fans as
a percentage.
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Cost of Power
In order to compute operating costs, the cost of electrical power
in cents per kilowatt hour is required. A typical entry would be 4
cents per kilowatt houi.
Location and Operating Points
The location of the fans in the network as well as the estimated
operating pressures and the number of characteristic points (if any),
are required to complete fan data entry. The fan locations are
registered by entering the junction numbers, From, and To, of the
branches which contain the fans. Two junction numbers are required to
register each fan and they must be positive integers less than 9999.
The order in which the junction numbers are entered defines the
direction of the fan. For instance, if a fan is entered from junction
5 to junction 6, the pressure increase due to the fan will be in the
direction 5 to 6. The order in which the junction numbers are entered
must be maintained for the branches containing fans when they are
re-entered as branches under branch data.
Estimated operating pressures are required for all the fans in the
network. If fan characteristic points are used, this defines an
initial operating point from which the program can iterate. To
utilize fixed pressure fans the estimated fan pressure entered is
fixed and no characteristic points (a 0 entry) are required. Fixed
pressure fans can also be used to represent naturally occuring
ventilation pressures. The operating pressure entered must be a
positive number less than 100 for both BR and SI units (inches of
-19-
water and kilo Pascals).
Fan characteristic points, of between two (2) and ten (10)
coordinate pairs of pressure and airflow can be entered if desired.
The number of points to be entered for each fan is registered, after
which pressure and quantity data is requested. The number of points
entered should adequately represent the characteristic curve. The
points must be entered in order of increasing airflow rate. The
largest pressure entry is limited to 99.999 and the largest airflow
entry is 9,999.99 for both unit types.
2.1.2.6 Branch Data
Data Forms
Branch data may be entered in five forms, the form of which must
be specified before each entry. The following data forms can be
selected:
Data
Type
Code Entry Form Comments
1. p, Q (pressure drop
and quantity)
2. R (airway resistance)
pressure-volume from
survey data
fixed resistance
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3. k, L, Leq, A, per
(friction factor, length,
area and perimeter)
4. Q, R min (quantity,
minimum resistance)
5. Q (quantity)
airway characteristics
required to calculate
resistance
fixed airflow form
inject/reject air
6. End of input
p and Q Data Form
Data type 1, the pressure drop and airflow input form, allows the
user to utilize data obtained directly from a pressure-volume survey.
The program calculates the resistance, R, on the basis of the square
law, that is:
R p/Q2 (2.1)
Where: R - airway resistance P.U. or Ns 2/M8
p - pressure drop m. in. w.g. or Pa
3Q - flow rate kcfm or mn/s
Pressure drop and airflow entries must not be greater than
99,999.99 and 9,999.99 respectively, for both unit types. Entries too
large or with too many significant figures are truncated.
R Data Form
Data type 2 allows the entry of branch resistance which can be
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I-
program control to the Data File Manager Menu.
2.1.3.1.4 Save Input Data File (Data File Manager Menu)
The option to save the input data file is made available only
after the data file has been created, modified, listed or printed.
L - The data file should be saved after creation, or after any alteration.
Revised files can be re-named, or the old file overwritten, upon user
discretion.
After selecting option (4) from the Data File Manager Menu, the
current file name is listed and an opportunity given to change the
file name. If extensive modifications have been conducted on a
particular file, and it is desired that the original file remain
intact, a new file name should be entered. If the original file name
is maintained, the user is notified that the file already exists and
that it will be overwritten. The user may opt not to overwrite the
L file at this point and is prompted to enter a new file name.
Constraints for file names discussed in Section 2.1.2.1 must be
Lobserved. Files may be saved on hard disk or floppy diskette by
L specifying the appropriate drive letter A, B or C. Capitalizedentries are not required.
2.1.3.1.5 Return to Main Menu (Data File Manager Menu)
Selection of option 5 from the Data File Manager Menu returns
control of the program to the Input File Manager Main Menu. If a data
file has been created, modified, listed or printed, and has not been
saved, the user is notified and an option to return to the Data File
-36-
Manager Menu to save the file is made available. If a previously
created data file was retrieved and was only listed or printed,
re-saving is not required. If prompted with the request to return and
save, the entries required are 'Y' or 'y' to return and save, or 'N'
or In' to continue to the Input File Manager Main Menu without saving
the data file.
2.1.4 Delete Input Files (Input File Manager Menu)
This option allows input data files to be deleted from floppy
diskette or fixed disk. The user is prompted to enter the drive label
A, B or C, for the drive from which the files are to be deleted, the
number of files to be deleted (up to 10) and the individual file
names. A list of existing files should be obtained to facilitate the
deletion process. All entries are scrutinized by the program; should
they be invalid, their re-entry is prompted.
2.1.5 Return to Executive Menu (Input File Manager Menu)
This option returns control to the Executive Menu, where the user
has options to again manage input files, execute, view or print
output, plot results or exit program (Section 2).
-37-
2.2 EXECUTE PROGRAM (Executive Menu)
Selection of option (2) from the Executive Menu initiates the
execution process wherein a prescribed data input file is evaluated by
the network simulation program.
2.2.1 Data File Specification
The name of the input data file which requires evaluation is the
initial input requested in the execution process. The file name must
be that of a file created under "Manage Input Files" (Section 2.1).
Should the user desire to abort the execution process at this point
for some reason, the return key need only be depressed. A list of
input data files can be obtained, should this be required, by
selecting option (1) from the Executive Menu.
Data file names are scrutinized after entry and the user is
advised should the entry be that of a non-existent data file.
2.2.2 Drive Specification
The second inquiry is for the letter of the drive from which the
input data is to be read. Valid drive letters are A, B, or C upper or
lower case. If the input data is stored on floppy diskette, the
diskette should be inserted into the drive and the door closed before
inputting a drive letter.
An invalid drive letter will cause the program to request a new
entry. Input of an incorrect drive will cause the program to search
for the file on the drive specified and will advise the user that the
-38-
file is non-existent. Re-entry of the file name is then prompted.
2.2.3 Data Conversion
After the input data file is read, the program transforms the user
input data into a coded, fixed format, input file. The program
determines whether an immediate previous run of the data file was
generated and if so, the extent of the modifications performed to the
file. If a data file is re-evaluated in consecutive runs and the
modifications do not include adding branch data or altering data type
(Section 2.1.3.1.1.3), the airflows from the results of the previous
run are incorporated into the input file. This results in a better
initial estimation of the airflow distribution resulting in much
quicker run times.
No input from the user is required during the data conversion
process.
2.2.4 Execution Process
After data conversion is complete, the user is notified that
execution is in process and that upon completion the computer will
summon with an audible beep. Execution time depends upon the size,
the complexity of the network and whether former airflow values were
adopted. Hardware is also a factor (Section 1.3). In general, with
an 8087 chip, run times for networks less than 150 branches rarely
exceed three minutes. Networks of around 300 branches can be
evaluated in less than eight minutes, while those with close to 500
branches are generally resolved in under 15 minutes.
-39-
After execution is complete, the user is summoned by an audible
beep and invited to view the results by selection from the 'Quick List
Menu' (Section 2.3). Listed above the Quick List Menu is the
execution time and the name of the file which was executed. The Quick
List Menu is automatically activated after each run, but it can also
be activated to view or print the last input file evaluated by
selecting option (3) from the Executive Menu.
-40-
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Quick List llanu
.,
2.3 VIEW OR PRINT OUTPUT (Executive Menu)
Option (3) from the Executive Menu allows the user to selectively
list'and print sections of the latest output data file generated.
These options are also made available automatically after execution.
Selective viewing of the output is performed by selecting from the
options available on the Quick List Menu:
1. List Errors
2. List Fan Operating Points
3. List Branch Data
4. List Regulator and Booster Data
5. Return to Executive Menu
6. Print Output File
2.3.1 List Errors (Quick List Menu)
Selection of option (1) from the Quick List Menu should be
performed immediately after each run. This option lists the errors
and warnings generated by the execution code upon evaluating the input
data file. No errors are fatal, in other words an output file is
generated even if errors are encountered. Most errors arise from
miss-entry of data when creating or amending the input data file. Some
errors cause fans or branches to be omitted from the network during
evaluation. Thus, to ensure a successful run, a quick scan of the
error list, provided by option (1), should be performed habitually
after every run.
Four different types of errors can occurr. These are discussed
-42-
and the amendments required to the input file, if any, are described.
2.3.1.1 Fan in illegal branch
Listed with this error message, are the junction numbers of the
branch in which the fan was positioned. This error arises if these
junction numbers do not correspond to those of any branch in the
network. A more common error is to enter the fan junction numbers in
reverse order from which they were entered under 'branch data'
(Section 2.1.2.6).
The output file generated with this error is an evaluation of the
network without the illegal fan. The fan is thus omitted upon
evaluation.
To amend this error the user should select option (5) to return to
the Executive Menu where option (1) (Manage Input Files) should be
chosen. The input file should be modified under "Amending Fan Data"
and correct junction numbers entered under 'Move Fan to New Branch'.
The file should then be saved and re-evaluated.
2.3.1.2 Too many fixed quantities
This error message arises if the input data file contains an
excess amount of data type 4 and 5 branches. This branch type is used
to assign fixed values of airflow to specific branches in the network
where a controlled amount of air is desired. If these are used
excessively to fix airflows in interconnecting branches, junctions may
become over-restricted and the mesh selection process is affected.
Only one fixed quantity branch is allowed per mesh and a minimum
-4.3-
number of meshes is defined. (Section 1.1.2)
If fixed quantities over-restrict the network, a message appears
under the error heading with a list of the branches that caused the
over-restriction error. These branches are converted to input data
type 2 (fixed resistance) by the program. The resistance values
entered for the minimum resistance under data type 4 entry, are those
used for fixed resistance. If a data type 5 branch is converted to
type 2, its fixed resistance is set to zero (0).
The user may elect to view or print the output file which was
evaluated after the computer modified the over-restricted fixed
quantity branches. Alternatively, the input data file may be updated
to reduce the number of fixed quantity branches before re-running.
Fixed quantity branches can be altered to fixed resistance, or another
type, by selecting 'Amend Branch Data' and using the change data type
option discussed in Section 2.1.3.1.1.3.
2.3.1.3 Mesh Errors
The following messages may appear should mesh formation errors be
encountered:
1. Not able to find x of the required basic branches.
2. Found no nesh for branch (From-To)
3. Total of N meshes found
4. Branch (From-To) omitted in mesh selection
These messages arise from the basic branch and mesh selection
processes. The number of basic branches required for every network is
defined and this value (no. of branches - no. of junctions +1) is the
minimum number of meshes required. If, for any reason, this value is
not attained for the basic branch selection process or the mesh
selection process, the appropriate messages, 1, 2, or 3, appear. The
program is designed to continue evaluation of the network based on the
number of meshes attained. Branches that were not able to be included
in the mesh formation process are omitted and listed after message 4.
The truncated network is evaluated.
These errors are mostly caused by faulty junction interconnections
entered upon creating the data file. These errors arise if
non-interconnecting branches are entered or the same junction number
was entered under 'from' and 'to' for a particular branch. If any of
these messages appear, the input data should be scrutinized and
amended. Miss-entries can be found fairly quickly by plotting the
junction numbers and branches (option (4) from the executive menu).
2.3.1.4 Iteration Limit Exceeded
The number of iterations for the. Hardy Cross process (Section
1.1.2) is limited to 200 within the numerical code. If, after 200
iterations, balance has not been reached, the program terminates and
the values obtained upon the last iteration are listed as results on
the output.
This error is most often caused by miss-entered, branch
interconnections, fans, or the over-use of very high resistance
branches. The input data should be checked and, for large networks,
the configuration may be plotted to identify miss-entered branches.
The iteration limit is set in order that the computer does not spend
-45-
excessive tine performing iterations trying to solve an erroneous
network. In rare cases of very badly conditioned networks (local
concentrations of high resistances) additional iterations may be
requested. This is accomplished simply by re-running immediately upon
termination of the program and without making any amendments to the
data file.
2.3.2 List Fan Operating Points (Quick List Menu)
Selection of option 2 allows the resulting fan operating points to
be viewed. The fans are listed in order of entry with the operating
pressures, airflows, air powers and annual operating costs tabulated.
If the user has entered fan characteristic data, the operating
points should lie on the curve specified. Should the airflows
required exceed the range specified by the characteristic data, a
warning message is issued. The computer extrapolates from the fan
curve to find the balanced operating point.
If a fan was sited in an illegal branch (Section 2.3.1.1.), the
fan is not listed. If a network does not contain any fans or all the
fans were illegally sited, the message 'no fans in network' appears.
After the data is listed, the user is requested to specify whether
a printed list of the fan output data is desired. Valid entries are Y
or y to print and any other entry to return to the Quick List Menu.
2.3.3 List Branch Data (Quick List Menu)
Option 3 on the Quick List Menu allows selective listing of branch
data specified by branch numbers. Upon selecting option (3), the user
-46-
is requested to enter the number of the first branch to be listed and
that of the last. Should all branches be listed, a large value
exceeding the number of branches may be entered for the last branch.
If a single branch is to be listed, that branch number is input as the
first branch to list, while the return key may be depressed after the
prompt to enter the last branch to list.
Branch data is listed in tabulated form. The data listed includes
branch number, junction numbers, pressure drop, airflow, resistance,
airpower loss and the annual operating costs incurred. If the user
has fixed quantity branches in the network (input data type 4)
asterisks or inequality signs are used as codes to indicate whether
the fixed airflows specified were attainable. A single asterisk
designates that the fixed airflow specified by the user is attainable
and a regulator is required to control the air. Two asterisks indicate
that the airflow specified can only be attained if a booster fan is
inserted in the branch. One inequality sign designates that the
regulator required is not attainable, i.e. the resistance required is
too large. Two inequality signs designate that the booster required
is not attainable, i.e. the pressure required is too large. If this
occurs, the user should evaluate the orientation of the suspect fixed
quantity branch relative to doors and branches containing bulkheads or
stoppings which constrain the airflow path. A plus sign indicates
that the branch is an inject/reject branch (data type 5).
After a single branch, or a range of branches are listed, the user
has the option to print the listed data. This is accomplished by
responding with a 'y' or 'Y' entry to the prompt. Any other entry
returns program control to the Quick List Menu.
-47-
2.3.4 List Regulator and Booster Data (Quick List Menu)
If the user does not employ any fixed quantity, data type 4,
branches in the network, the message 'no regulators or booster fans in
network' appears on the screen.
Regulated fixed quantity branches are listed first. The data
listed includes branch number, junctions and the resistance of the
regulator required to maintain the airflow. If the regulator
resistance required exceeds 99,999 in either unit system then the
regulator is listed as not attainable. Fixed quantity branches where
the airflows, specified by the user upon input, cannot be attained
without insertion of booster fans, are listed secondly. This data
includes branch number, junction numbers, fixed quantity and the
booster fan pressure required to attain the desired flow. If the
booster required exceeds 99,999 milli inches of water gauge or
pascals, the user is informed that the booster fan is unattainable.
Should this arise, the user should review the flow path around the
fixed quantity branch as suggested in the previous section.
After the booster fan data is listed the user is given the
opportunity of printing out the regulator and booster data as listed
on the screen. Input of 'y' or 'Y' activates the printer, while any
other entry returns control to the Quick List Menu.
2.3.5 Return to Executive Menu (Quick List Menu)
In order to continue modifying a data file, or to initiate any
other procedure, selection of option (5) from the Quick List Menu
returns progran control to the Executive Menu. The Quick List Menu
-48-
can be re-accessed and the latest run viewed or printed by
re-selecting option (3) from the Executive Menu at any time. After
viewing or printing the results from the latest run, the input data
file is modified and re-evaluated or the results can be plotted.
2.3.6 Print Output File (Quick List Menu)
Selection of option (6) from the Quick List Menu instates the
Print Menu where the user can select the desired print option. The
print out options are very flexible. The Print Menu reads as follows:
1. Print Output Data Only
2. Print Output Data with Pressure Reference Table
3. Print Input and Output Data
4. Print Input and Output Data with Pressure Reference
Table
5. Return to Quick List Menu
Before selection of options (1-4), the printer must be switched on
and paper loaded.
2.3.6.1 Print Output Data Only (Print Menu)
Selection of option (1) from the Print Menu prints the entire
output data file. The printout includes documentation information
such as the file name, mine name, company name etc., the error list,
fan operating data, branch data output results, regulator and booster
fan data and a separate list of inject/reject branches. This option
-49-
takes the least amount of time for printing.
To abort the print session during printing, the printer can be
switched off intermittently and program control will be returned to
the Print Menu.
2.3.6.2. Print Output Data with Pressure Reference Table (Print Mienu)
Option (2) produces a hard copy of the output as described in the
previous section with the addition of a pressure reference table. The
pressure reference table consists of a list of the junction numbers in
increasing order and their relative pressures. These pressures are
the summation of frictional'pressure drops between each junction and
L the reference junction which is set at a reference pressure of O.O.
The pressure reference table is calculated only if option (2) or (4)
L is selected.
'During the calculations required, the user is notified that the
lull in printing is temporary and that the table is still to be
printed. For larger networks the waiting period may last for several
minutes.
Should the user desire to abort printing at any time, the printer
may be turned off and program control will be returned to the Print
Menu.
2.3.6.3 Print Input and.Output Data (Print Menu)
Selection of option (3) from the Print Menu allows the user input
data file to be printed before the output data file. The user is
requested to enter the drive from which the input file is to be read.
-50-
Should the drive be a floppy drive, the diskette containing the input
data must be placed in the drive and the door closed. The input data
is printed in the format listed on the screen under the Data File
Manager Menu. The valid entries for drive letter are A, B, or C and
do not require capitalization.
As discussed under the previous options, the print session can be
stopped any time by turning off the printer.
2.3.6.4 Print Input and Output Data with Pressure Reference Table
(Print Menu)
This option generates the most complete output. The printout
includes the documentation information, the input data, the output
data as well as the pressure reference table. As was described under
the previous print options, a drive specification is required to print
the input data and calculation time creates a lull in printing before
the pressure reference table is generated.
This option is recommended for final printouts only, due to the
duration of the print time. As previously explained, intermittent
L switching of power to the printer aborts the print session and access
to the Print Menu is again available.
L
-51-
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Plotter Options and Coordinate File Nianagement
-52-
2.4 PLOT RESULTS (Executive Menu)
Option (4) from the Executive Menu allows the user to plot the
latest output data file generated. To employ the plotting option
successfully it is important to note that the software is written to
interface an IBM PC XT and Hewlett Packard (hp) 7475A plotter. The
hardware configuration is vital to the successful operation of this
software. An IBM asynchronous communications adaptor and male-
to-female special RS-232-C cable are required. The communication
operates at 9600 baud rate. The plotter switches should be set as
follows:
L. Switch: S2 S1 Y US A3 B4 B3 B2 Bl
Setting: 0 0 0 * * 1 0 1 0
*Paper selection, either setting will work. See plotter
l operations manual for details.
Use of other types of plotters or computers may not be compatible
L with the software. The graphics software is written in the Hewlett
Packard Graphics Language (HPGL). Furthermore, the plotting routine
is designed for two sizes of paper: 8 1/2 x 11 inches (A4) and 11 x
17 inches (A3). Therefore, schematics (line diagrams of the
ventilation system) used for plotting purposes must conform to these
paper sizes. Should compatibility problems arise from use of the
software on different hardware configurations, please write or call
Mine Ventilation Services, Inc. We will try to resolve the
difficulty.
Upon selecting option (4) of the Executive Menu the user proceeds
to the plot routine and is requested to have ready an original
schematic of the ventilation model most recently ran (or a saved
-53-
coordinate data file containing previously digitized junction
coordinated points). The message also reminds the user that the
software was developed for an IBM PC XT and hp 7475A plotter.
Should the user accidently enter the plot routine, entering 'E' at
this time will return the user to the Executive Menu. The next
message to appear on the screen is a reminder to turn on the plotter
and check the plotter connection. Failure to have the plotter
switched on, or turning the plotter off during digitizing exercises
may resultlin termination of the program and the loss of saved
coordinate data. The user should type "GO" after checking the plotter
status in order to proceed.
The computer prompts the operator to wait until the latest output
file is loaded into memory. Pressing any key will cause the program
to continue. Retrieving or digitizing coordinate data files is
performed by selecting options from the Coordinate Data File Menu:
1. List Saved Coordinate Files on Disk or Dikette.
2. Retrieve Stored Coordinate Data File for Plotting.
3. Digitize Coordinate Data File from Beginning.
4. Return to Executive Menu.
2.4.1 List Saved Coordinate Files on Disk or Diskette (Coordinate .
Data File Menu)
Selecting this option results in a listing of coordinate data
files saved on a chosen drive. The operator identifies the drive to
be searched. If not files are found on the selected drive the computer _
will respond with "No Files Found On Drive". If data files are found
-54-
then the user has the option of printing those files by answering "y"
or "Y" to the question "Do you want a printed copy of the data
files?". After listing, the user returns to the Coordinate Data File
Menu.
2.4.2 Retrieve Stored Coordinate Data File for Plotting (Coordinate
Data File Menu)
To retrieve a previously stored coordinate data file, option (2)
is selected from the Coordinate Data File Menu. The user is requested
to type in the file name (which-can be found by listing the file names
(option (1)) and the drive on which the file is located. Should a
data file not exist under the name or drive selected by the user, a
message will appear on the screen to this effect and the program
returns to the Coordinate Data File Menu.
Once a coordinate data file is retrieved the user is told which
file was retrieved and asked if he wants to continue. Answering 'n'
or 'N" to this question returns the user to the Coordinate Data File
Menu. A response of 'y' or 'Y' continues the program by asking the
question, "Does the retrieved file contain the (file name) file
coordinates exactly? Enter 'y' or tnt.
If the user is confident that the retrieved coordinate data file
matches the desired coordinates for all the junctions on the current
computer run then the answer should be 'y' or 'Y' to this question.
This response shortcuts a cross-check between the data file with the
current output file. This option is intended to save the user time.
Should the files not be compatible, the plotter will stop during
plotting and the user will be prompted by the message 'The coordinate
-55-
file selected does not contain the required coordinates'. The program
then returns to the Coordinate Data File Menu.
If the user is uncertain whether the files are compatible the
answer should be 'n' or 'N' to the above question. The computer will
then check the two files. It is important to note that the computer
only checks that each junction of the output file has an associated x
and y coordinate data point. The computer cannot check if the
coordinate points are in the location desired by the user. Should
there be a junction (or junctions) of the output file that do not have
coordinate data points, the user will be prompted to digitize all
missing junctions. To digitize reference should be made to the
following section. Once these operations are complete the user
continues to the Main Plotter Menu.
2.4.3 Digitize Coordinate Data File from Beginning (Coordinate
Data File Menu)
Option (3) of the Coordinate Data File Menu allows the user to
digitize all the junctions on the current output file. The user is
prompted to input the file name of the coordinate data file. The file
name can be up to 40 characters (including blanks) and should not have
an extension.
A schematic is simply a graphical means of showing the major
airways of a ventilation system. The user must draw a schematic on 8
1/2 x 11 inch or 11 x 17 inch paper (A4 or A3) to run an hp 7475A
plotter. Care should be taken to leave spaces for labelling of
junction numbers, fans, airflows, and fan pressures. This is
facilitated by knowing that airflows (or pressures, operating costs,
-56-
resistance or branch numbers) are plotted midway along the branch,
fans are third the way from the first junction and junction numbers
below and to the right of the junction location. Therefore, for
legibility, junction positions should be chosen such that branches do
not cross at locations where these numbers would be plotted. The
schematic need not be drawn to scale and additional branches can be
added to assist in visual presentation.
When setting up a schematic the user should avoid placing
junctions near the edge of the paper. Approximately 0.5 inches (14
mm) should be allowed between the edge of the paper and any junction
location. Furthermore, the user should avoid graphics in the upper
left part of the schematic (1 3/4 inches (4 cm) from the top and 2 1/2
inches (6 cm) from the left). This is to ensure that room is
available for the key for color plotted results. The lower left
corner should be kept free from graphics to allow for the file name
and type of plot (airflow, pressure, etc.). See Section 4 for an
example of schematic and plotted results.
Digitizing Junction Locations
Once the user has named the coordinate data file it is necessary
to place the original schematic on the plotter (see plotter manual for
paper loading instructions), and load the pen holder with the sight.
Should the user not have a sight a pen will do, however, care must be
taken to avoid drying out the pen. The operator should lower the
paper loading lever and ensure that the error light on the plotter is
off. It is important that the plotter is turned on and connected to
the computer. The user is then prompted by the computer to enter the
-57-
paper size of the schematic. Once this operation is complete, the
user is requested to position the sight at a junction. To position
the pen or sight the user must use the arrow keys on the right side of
L the plotter (see plotter manual for detailed instructions). The key
in the middle of the four arrows increases the pen speed in the
direction of the arrow that is currently depressed.
L ~When the sight is positioned at the appropriate junction the
carriage return key on the computer (not the enter key on the plotter)
is pressed. The user is then prompted to position the pen at the next
junction. The process is continued until all junctions are entered.L
Should the user make an error while digitizing an opportunity to
re-digitize any junction is given upon the completion of digitizing
all of the junctions. After the successful completion of digitizing
L . all junction locations, the user continues to the Main Plotter Menu.
LAborting the Digitizing Routine
Should the user desire to abort digitizing altogether, the F1 key
L on the computer should be pressed. This returns the user to the
Coordinate Data File Menu.
2.4.4 Return to Executive Menu (Coordinate Data File Menu)
Should the user desire to return to the Executive Menu, option (4)
of the Coordinate Data File Menu should be selected.
-58-
2.4.5 Main Plotter Menu
After retrieving a stored coordinate data file or after digitizing
a schematic the user continues to the Main Plotter Menu. This
consists of the following options:
1. Airflow Plot
2. Pressure Plot
3. Operating Cost Plot
4. Resistance Plot
5. Branch Number Plot
6. Coordinate Data File Management
7. Re-digitize Any Point
8. Add or Delete Ventilation Control Symbols
9. Return to Executive Menu
General Plotting Instructions
Selecting options (1) through (5) on the Main Plotter transfers
control to the Plotting Options Menu. The two options available on
this menu are a full plot and a plot which omits the labelling of
junction numbers. It is often desirable not to plot junction numbers
in order to give a more legible result. It is suggested that the user
use option (5) of the Main Plotter Menu to obtain a branch and
junction number plot so that each branch and junction is known for
further plotting of other parameters without the necessity of plotting
junction numbers each time.
After selecting an option from the Plotting Options Menu the user
-59-
proceeds to instructions which request the placing of paper on the
plotter. The user is prompted to enter which size paper is required.
The program is designed such that the plotting paper size is
independent of the digitizing paper size. Therefore, should the
coordinate data file be digitized on 8 1/2 x 11 inch (A4) paper a plot
of any one of the output paramenters may be achieved on llx 17 inch
paper (A3). Reversing this process is also permitted.
Color Coding Result
On all plotting options except airflow and branch number plots it
is possible to color code the schematic for various ranges of output.
The current program allows for a six pen plotter. Hence the user may
employ up to six colors. However, the user need not use all the
colors available. To color code the results the user answers tyt or
'Y" to the question "Do you wish to color code plotted results?"
The user is then reminded of the number of pens available for
plotting and continues to a color range selection table. To complete
this table the user should refer to the printed output and select the
upper range of each pen color. Should the user choose not to use all
six pens, entering 0 (zero) as the upper limit will end the color
coding exercise. If the range of values represented is not what the
user intended, changing the range is permitted upon completion of the
color selection table. The user should then load the carousel with
the appropriate pens.
It is suggested that the user use a black pen in the first pen
position and that the range of pen 1 be kept very small. This is
because the first pen position is used for plotting fans, ventilation
-60-
.........
controls, junction numbers and plotting titles as wells as the first
range of output.
For those options which do not allow color coding of parameters
the entire plot is done with the pen from the number one positon.
Ventilation Symbols
In addition to labelling on each branch one of the parameters
selected from the Main Plotter Menu, regulators, main fans, main fan
pressures, booster fans and airflow directions are also plotted.
L Furthermore, doors and stoppings (bulkheads) may be labelled if
| ; desired (see section 2.4.5.8.). The conventions employed for plotting
L- purposes are shown on the following table.
L. Ventilation Plotting Symbols Table
;9 Airflow Direction (parameters from option (1-5) on theMain Plotter Menu are labelled above arrow)
1 -4*-- Main Fan and Fan Pressure (labelled in italics)
n Regulator
L *-e-* Booster Fan
-G-- Door*
-Ii Stopping/Bulkhead*
Junction and Optional Junction Number
*Optional (Section 2.4.5.8)
L- Aborting a Plot
_ : To abort a plot in progress the user should simply press the Fl
-61-
key on the computer. The screen will show a message that the plot has
been aborted and the plotter buffer will empty before proceeding with
the program. The user is returned to the Main Plotter Menu if a plot
is aborted.
2.4.5.1 Airflow Plot (Main Plotter Menu)
Selecting option (1) of the Main Plotter Menu allows the user to
plot airflows on th schematic. Airflows are plotted in units of
thousands of cubic feet per minute or cubic meters per second.
Inject or Reject airflow branches are not plotted. Therefore,
airflows may not balance at a specific junction where inject or
rejected air occurs.
2.4.5.2 Pressure Plot (Main Plotter Menu)
Option (2) allows for a plot of frictional pressure drops.
Frictional pressure drops are measured in milli-inches water gauge or
Pascals. By color coding this option the highest pressure drops may
be easily determined from the plot.
2.4.5.3 Operating Cost Plot (Main Plotter Menu)
An annual operating cost plot is available by selecting Option (3)
from the Main Plotter Menu. The operating cost is given in currency
units per year. Color coding this option allows the user to identify
which branches are the most costly to ventilate.
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2.4.5.4 Resistance Plot (Main Plotter Menu)
Each branch resistance may be plotted by selecting option (4) of
the Main Plotter Menu. Branch resistance is measured in Practical
Units ¶j=mnilli.in.wg/(thous.cfm) 2 ]. This option may also be color
coded.
2.4.5.5 Branch Number Plot (Main Plotter Menu)
A plot of branch numbers can be obtained by choosing option (5) on
the Main Plotter Menu. Branch numbers are plotted in the center of
the branch and are slanted so as to distinguish a branch number from a
junction number.
2.4.4.6 Coordinate Data File Management (Main Plotter Menu)
Selecting this option sends the user to the following File
Management Menu:
1. Save Current Data File Coordinates
2. List Saved Coordinate Data Files on Disk or Diskette
3. Delete Any Coordinate Data File
4. Re-name Coordinate Data File
5. Retrieve Another Coordinate Data File
6. Return to Main Plotter Menu
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2.4.5.6.1 Saved Current Data File Coordinates (File Management Menu)
L Selecting this option allows the user to save the current
coordinate data file. The user is prompted to enter the drive on
which the file is to be saved. Should a file of the same name already
exist the user is asked whether overwriting the file is desire.
Answering 'y' or 'Y' overwrites the existing file. An 'n' or 'N'
returns the user to the File Management Menu where renaming the file
is possible. Should the user attempt to overwrite or save a file on a
L drive which does not have adequate memory an error message will appear
and the File'Management Menu returns to the screen. Frequent saving
L of digitized data is advisable. If, after a plot-session, the user
L does not save the coordinate data file, a message appears which
requests the user to save the file. The message appears even when the
user retrieves a stored coordinate file and does not make alterations
to the file.
2.4.5.6.2 List Saved Coordinate Data Files on Disk Diskette (File
Management Menu)
This option lists the coordinate data file names from a chosen
drive. Details of this operation are described in Section 2.4.1.
2.4.5.6.3 Delete Any Coordinate Data File (File Management Menu)
Option (3) of the File Management Menu allows the user to delete
any coordinate data files on any drive. The user is required to enter
the file name and drive. Should either entry be incorrect an error
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message will appear on the screen above the File Management Menu.
Prior to erasing the file a message is given to make doubly sure that
the chosen file is to be deleted.
2.4.5.6.4. Re-name Coordinate Data File (File Management Menu)
L ' This option allows the user to re-name the coordinate data file.
This may be desired to avoid overwriting an existing file or to change
:L Fit the file name to be plotted in the lower left corner of each plot
(along with the type of plot). The user is prompted to enter the new
file name. However, entering a carriage return sends the user to the
File Management Menu with the file name unchanged.
2.4.5.6.5 Retrieve Another Coordinate Data File (File Management Menu)
L .Retrieving another coordinate data file is accomplished by
L w choosing option (5) of the File Management Menu. It is important to
note that employing this option will erase fron active memory the file
previously digitized or retrieved. Therefore, the user should save
the previous file if that file was edited or digitized during the
plotting session. If no changes were made or the wrong file was
accidently retrieved then there is no need to save the file.
Retrieving a file is described in section 2.4.2.
2.4.5.6.6. Return to Plotter Menu (File Management Menu)
Option (6) of the File Management Menu returns the user to the M1ain
V Plotter Menu.
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2.4.5.7 Redigitize Any Point (Main Plotter Menu)
Option (7) of the Main Plotter Menu allows the user to redigitize
any coordinate data point. This may be required to improve the
appearance of the plot or to change the schematic to avoid areas where
the key or file name appears. The user is requested to enter the
number of the junction to be moved and to position the sight at the
new location. If no change is desired, pressing carriage return sends
the user back to the Main Plotter Menu.
Redigitizing a coordinate data point is very similar to the
initial digitizing routine described in Section 2.4.3. The user
should follow the instructions presented in Section 2.4.3.
2.4.5.8 Add or Delete Ventilation Control Symbols (Main Plotter Menu)
This feature gives the user the option to plot two ventilation
symbols, doors and stoppings (bulkheads). Since it is common practice
to combine such airways in parallel, and doors and stoppings
(bulkheads) vary in resistance significantly it is not possible for
the computer to identify these controls by resistance values.
Therefore, it is necessary to save the location of doors and/or
stoppings (bulkheads) in terms of junction numbers. If future
exercises require additional branches or the deletion of branches
(hence the re-numbering of branches) the location of the ventilation
symbols would not be affected since these are saved by junction
numbers. However, if in further exercises, the user removes one of
the ventilation controls (for example, by changing the resistance of a
branch which was previously a door to an open airway), it is necessary
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to delete the ventilation symbol from the coordinate data file.
To add or delete ventilation symbols the user selects an option
from the following Ventilation Control Menu:
1. Delete one or more doors.
2. Delete one or more stoppings/bulkheads.
3. Add one or more doors.
4. Add one or more stoppings/bulkheads.
5. List junctions with doors and stoppings/bulkheads.
6. Return to Main Plotter Menu.
Deleting Ventilation Controls
Option (1) and (2) of the Ventilation Control Menu allows the user
to delete doors and stoppings/bulkheads, respectively. The user
simply enters the branch in which the ventilation control is to be
deleted. By repeating this process the user may delete as many
symbols as desired. To ensure that the symbol is deleted from the
required branch, junction numbers of the branch are identified.
Entering a carriage return in place of branch number returns the user
to the Ventilation Control Menu.
Adding Ventilation Controls.
To add doors and stoppings/bulkheads to the coordinate data file
options (3) and (4) should be selected, respectively. As in deleting
symbols, the user need only identify the branch. The junctions of the
branch are shown after each entry. The user presses carriage return
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instead of a branch number to return to the Ventilation Control Menu.
List Junctions with Doors and Stoppings/Bulkheads
Listing junctions and corresponding branch numbers with
ventilation controls is achieved by choosing option (5) on the
Ventilation Control Menu. This option is valuable since the location
of these symbols on the schematic can be compared for accuracy prior
to plotting an updated ventilation model. A printouts of these
locations is also possible. After listing and, if desired, printing
the ventilation controls, the user is returned to the Ventilation
Control Menu.
Return to Main Plotter Menu
Option (6) of the Ventilation Control Menu returns the user to the
Main Plotter Menu.
2.4.5.9 Return to Executive Menu (Main Plotter Menu)
To return to the Executive Menu the user selects option (9) from
the Main Plotter Menu. If the user has not saved the Coordinate Data
File a warning appears which asks the user to return and save the
current file. This message appears even when the user retrieves an
existing file and makes no alterations to the file during the most
recent plotting session. If no changes were made to a retrieved data
file the user may continue to the Executive Menu. If the user has
saved the Coordinate Data File, prior to leaving the plot routine the
-68-
question, 'Are you sure you wish to end plotting exercises?' will
appear on the screen. Answering 'y' or 'Y' will send the user to the
Executive Menu. An 'n' or 'N' will return the user to the Main
Plotter Menu.
L.
Lt'
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3. SETUP AND USE OF VNETPC
This section describes the initial setup procedure which must be
followed in order to operate VNETPC. Additionally, a file management
procedure is suggested as well as a general procedure which should be
followed when conducting network analysis exercises with VNETPC. This
section should be read before any hands-on use of VNETPC is attempted.
3.1 Setup Procedure for Fixed Disk System
The setup procedure assumes the existence of a fixed disk.
Although a fixed disk drive unit is recommended, a customized version
of VNETPC that is capable of operating on dual diskette drive systems
can be obtained.
The following steps should be followed to setup VNETPC on your
fixed disk. This procedure copies all files from your VNETPC
diskettes into a sub-directory on your fixed disk. You cannot run
your version of VNETPC from the floppy diskette drive.
3.1.1 Set up Sub-directory
From your main directory create a sub-directory with the DOS
command 'MKDIR'. Specify the sub-directory name or a path and
sub-directory name. For example, from the main directory enter:
MKDIR VNET
This creates a sub-directory, VNET, which branches from the main
directory.
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To move from the main directory to the VNET sub-directory simply
enter CD VNET. Entering DIR lists the catalogue of files in VNET
which should initially, be empty. To return to the main directory
enter CD\.
3.1.2 Copying VNETPC Files to Your Sub-directory
Move to your newly created sub-directory, for example VNET, by
using the 'CD' command. Determine the drive designation letter of
your floppy diskette drive unit; it should be WA'. Place the VNETPC
Key Diskette in the drive unit and close the drive door. With 'C' as
the default drive, enter the following DOS command, assuming your
diskette drive designation letter is 'A':
COPY A:*.*
This command copies all the VNETPC files from the Key Diskette onto
the sub-directory from which the 'COPY' command was issued. Repeat
this copy procedure with the Supplemental Diskette in the floppy
drive. Issuing a 'DIR' command lists the VNETPC program files in the
sub-directory. The following VNETPC program files should then reside
in the sub-directory:
VNETPC.BAT.
EXECUTIV.EXE
IFMGR.EXE
PCNET.EXE
QLIST.EXE
VNETPLOT.EXE
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The program file HDUTIL.EXE should not be kept on the
sub-directory as it is only used for the setup option described in the
next section.
VNETPC utilizes the DOS command file MODE.COM. Thus, if you do
not have a search path that allows access to this file, it must be
copied onto the sub-directory.
3.1.3 Supplying the Key - the Install Option
The VNETPC program files are protected to prevent unauthorized
duplication. To accomplish this, each file is linked to the unique
key on the Key Diskette. This key must be accessible to VNETPC for it
to run properly. There are two ways to provide key access during
runtime.
OPTION 1: Use the key on the Key Diskette. You should choose
this option if you are only temporarily locating VNETPC on the
specific hard disk. After copying the files over as described in
Section 3.1.2., VNETPC is ready to run. However, when choosing any
option other than 'Exit Program' from the Executive Menu, the original
Key Diskette must be in the floppy drive with the drive door closed.
.If it is not, the message "Insert Key Diskette..." will repeatedly
appear as VNETPC attempts to find the key. If this happens, insert the
Key Diskette and close the drive door. You may not get the menu
option you selected, but the program will recover. If for some reason
this does not work, press Ctrl-Break. You should get the message
"Terminate batch job (YIN)?" to which you should answer N after
ensuring that the Key Diskette is properly located in the floppy
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drive. If this is not successful, terminate the batch job and enter
VNETPC to begin the program again.
OPTION 2: Install the key on the hard disk. You should choose
this option if you plan to permanently locate VNETPC on the specific
hard disk. You may install the key four times, on different hard disks
or on the same hard disk. However, the key must be uninstalled from
its current location before it can be reinstalled on the same hard
disk or on any other hard disk. Thus, the key can only be installed
on one hard disk at a time. Uninstalling does not change the number of
remaining installs; each install uses one of the four available
installs. If all installs become used contact Mine Ventilation
Services for a new Key Diskette.
The key may be installed before or after copying the program files
to the hard disk. To install the key, insert the Key Diskette in the
floppy drive and change the default drive letter to the floppy drive
designation (probably A:). Enter the command HDUTIL which will start
the Hard Disk Utility Program. From the menu that appears, choose the
(Install Hard Disk) option and follow the instructions that appear on
the screen. When key installation is complete, the Key Diskette may
be removed and stored permanently. It will not be required during
VNETPC runtime.
To uninstall the key, you must again insert the Key Diskette in
the floppy drive, change the default drive to A:, and enter the
command HDUTIL. From the menu, choose the uninstall option. Do not
uninstall unless you wish to permanently move the VNETPC Programs to a
different hard disk. The VNETPC Programs may be temporarily run on a
different hard disk by copying them to that disk, as in Section 3.1.2,
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and running them as in Option 1 of this section. You do not need to
uninstall to do this.
If you wish to reformat your hard disk, and you have installed the
key on it, be sure to uninstall the key before you reformat the hard
disk. If you do not, you will not be able to reinstall the key. If
this situation accidently occurs, and you cannot reinstall the key,
contact Mine Ventilation Services for a replacement Key Diskette.
3.1.4 Backup and Care of Program Diskettes
It is recommended that you save backup copies of all the VNETPC
program files on additional floppy diskettes. When transferring files
from the Key Diskette and Supplemental Diskette, use the DOS 'COPY,
command only. Do not use the 'DISKCOPY' command.
If you accidentally erase a program file from the hard disk, it
may be restored either from the original diskettes or from your backup
diskettes. If you erase a program file from the original diskettes, it
may be restored from the backup diskettes.
The backup program files are executable, but only if the key is
available to them, just as with the original program files. The key
exists only on the original Key Diskette, or on a hard disk on which
it has been installed from the original Key Diskette. The key cannot
be installed from the backup Key Diskette. The HDUTIL program should
only be executed from the original Key Diskette; never from a backup
diskette and never from the hard disk.
Never use the 'FORMAT' command on the original Key Diskette. If
need be, it may be used on the Supplemental Diskette, after backing up
the files. If you are running VNETPC under Option 1 of Section 3.1.3,
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do not place a write-protect tab on the Key Diskette. Also, when
executing the HDUTIL program, be sure there is no write-protect tab on
the Key Diskette.
Should you have any operational problems with the programs or
diskettes contact Mine Ventilation Services. We will be happy to
assist you, and will gladly replace the diskettes if required.
.3.2 File Management with a Fixed Disk
This section suggests the file management procedure for a fixed
disk system. With a fixed disk drive, all VNETPC run programs are
stored in a sub-directory while the input data files and coordinate
data files (should your system have a plotter) can be optionally
stored in the sub-directory or on a floppy diskette. The storage drive
lI designation is selected before saving the files (Sections 2.1.3.1.4
and 2.4.5.6.1).
It is recommended that data files be stored initially on the
sub-directory with the run codes in order to increase the read and
L ~. write speeds and reduce search times. Should this directory become
cluttered, the files may be saved on a floppy diskette. It is
recommended that you do not store data files on the program diskettes.
To view files on diskette, assuming the diskette drive letter is
'A',an 'A:DIR' command may be issued while in DOS. This is not
usually required, however, since normal operation of VNETPC makes
available searching routines for both input data and coordinate data.
(sections 2.1.1. and 2.4.1).
Data files may be transfered to other sub-directories by use of
the DOS 'COPY' command. For instance, if the VNETPC program
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sub-directory is heavily cluttered with data files from old analyses,
the data can be transferred to a storage sub-directory. Consult your
DOS manual for the specific command format required.
3.3. Using VNETPC with Fixed Disk
This section describes in detail the procedure that should be
followed in order to conduct a complete network analysis with VNETPC.
A suggested path through the menus is described, from initial
start-up, data file creation, through to printing and plotting of the
results.
Your VNETPC files should reside in a sub-directory on the fixed
disk (see setup procedure-section 3.1.) before attempting hands-on
application of the following analysis procedure or the ensuing example
network in Section 4. As described in Section 3.1.3, you may run
VNETPC either with or without the key on the hard disk. If you have
not installed the key-on the hard disk then the original Key Diskette
must be present in the floppy drive when choosing options from the
Executive Menu. For additional runtime considerations concerning this
mode of operation, refer to Option 1 of Section 3.1.3.
The analysis procedure presented in this section does not describe
in detail the file creation procedure, the values to enter etc., but
outlines in a more general manner the steps required to initiate and
conductan analysis with VNETPC. Refer to Section 2 for constraints
and detailed explanations of input requirements.
-76-
3.3.1. Creating the Network Data File
Before using VNETPC you should have a general schematic of the
network to be analyzed with junction numbers delineating the branches.
Appropriate data should be available for each branch and each fan in
the network. The branch data should be in any of the five forms
described in Section 2. All surface connections should be
interconnected by branches of 0.0 resistance to the surface reference
junction, thus ensuring a closed network.
3.3.1.1 Data Input
K: .To activate VNETPC simply move to the sub-directory in which the
VNETPC files reside, type in 'VNETPC', in upper or lower case, and
|depress the return key. Follow the prompts through the introductory
and descriptive bulletins. An initial instruction bulletin can
L optionally be viewed before reaching the Executive Menu. For all yes
or no entries simply depress the 'Y' key for yes or the 'N' key for
L no. Do not depress the carriage return key to register these entries,
simply. strike the Y or N keys. (Both upper and lower case entries are
accepted). When selecting options from menus, depress the appropriate
L number keys only. Do not depress the carriage return to register
these entries. VNETPC was designed to operate with as few key stroke
L entries as possible to speed up the input interactions.
From the Executive Menu select option (1) 'Manage Input Files'.
This installs the Input File Manager Main Menu (Section 2.1) from
which option (2) 'Construct New Data File' should be selected. On
request, enter the data file name, the units required, the
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documentation data and the appropriate fan and branch information. Each
entry is described in Section 2.1.2, that may be used as a reference. If
an incorrect entry is made, make a note of the error and, if pertinent, the
corresponding branch number. Continue to input the remaining data. You
L will be allowed to amend after data entry is complete. After the last
branch has been entered, the Data File Manager Menu will appear (Section
2.1.3.1). The only entry which cannot be changed is the choice of units.
If you accidently choose the wrong unit system, enter blank documentation
records, zero fans, and a data type of 6 for the first branch. From the
ensuing Data File Manager Menu select option (5) and do not save the file.
This will return you to the Input File Manager Main Menu.
After data entry, it is recommended that you first save the file
(Option (4)). Then select option (3) from the Data File Manager. Menu,
L which allows you to obtain a printout of the data. The printout should
L be scrutinized for entry errors and if errors are present, select
option (1) from the Data File Manager Menu, to modify the input data.
This selection brings up the Input File Editor Menu (Section
2.1.3.1.1) which allows amendments to the descriptive data (Section
2.1.3.1.1.1), fan data (Section 2.1.3.1.1.2) or branch data (Section
2.1.3.1.1.3). An amendment menu exists for each of these data types.
Control is returned to the Input File Editor Menu by selecting the 'No
more changes' option on these menus. After all amendments are
complete, leave the Input File Editor Menu by selecting option (4),
'End Edit Session'. This brings up the Data File Manager Menu (Section
2.1.3.1) again, from which option (3), 'Print Input Data File' or
option (4), 'Save Input Data File', should be selected. After saving
the file, option (5), 'Return to Main Menu', should be selected. By
-78-
selecting option (5) from the Input File Manager Main Menu, continue
to the Executive Menu from which option (2), 'Execute Program', should
be selected (Section 2.2).
3.3.1.2 Initial Run
L_ To execute, respond to the prompts that request the data file
name and its location. When execution is complete the machine will
L beep and the Quick List Menu (Section 2.3) will appear on the monitor.
The execution time and the file name are also shown.
Select option (1), 'List Errors', before proceeding. Refer to
L Section 2.3.1 for error explanations. For the initial run it is
recommended that a printout of the results be obtained before
attempting any modifications to the data. Select option (6) 'Print
Output File' (Section 2.3.6) to gain access to the Print Menu. Turn
the printer on and be sure that the paper is correctly loaded before
selecting option (1), 'Print Output Data Only' or option (3), 'Print
Input and Output Data'. The shortest print time is incurred by
L_ selection of option (1). For an initial run, however, a printed copy of
the input data may be useful. The other options are described in
Section 2.3.6 and are used mainly for final printouts. After
printing, return to the Quick List Menu and then the Executive Menu by
selecting option (5).
L If errors are listed on the printout, Section 2.3.1 should be
referenced and the cause of the problem, usually a data input error,
found. It is recommended that a plot should not be generated if errors
are listed. Should no errors be apparent, it is suggested that an
initial plot be made (Section 2.4) by selecting option (4) from the
.-79-
Executive Menu.
I A plot of the branch numbers and junction numbers, for example,
will ensure that all the branches have been represented and are
interconnected correctly. Generation of an initial plot involves
selecting option (3), 'Digitize coordinate data file from beginning',
from the Coordinate Data File Menu. Digitizing will require placing
L_ your schematic diagram on the plotter and moving the sight to
L requested junctions (Section 2.4.3). After the digitizing process,
option (5), 'Branch number plot', should be selected from the Main
Plotter Menu (Section 2.4.5). Points digitized incorrectly may be
redigitized by selecting option (7), 'Redigitize any point', from the
L Main Plotter Menu (Section 2.4.5.7). If you have digitized correctly,
you should save the coordinate data file for future use by selecting
option (6), 'Coordinate Data File Management' (Section 2.4.5.6), from
the Main Plotter Menu. After saving, option (6) returns program
control to .the Main Plotter Menu from which the Executive Menu can be
L accessed by choosing option (9), 'Return to Excutive Menu'.
L- The initial printout and, if generated, the initial plot should be
scrutinized for misrepresented branches, non interconnecting branches,
L misplaced fans and other errors arising from data entry. The suspect
branches or fans should be marked on the printout and corrections to
L_______ data labelled.
L 3.3.2 Amending a Network
Further amendments *to the network, if required, are made by
modifying the input data file and re-executing the calculation code.
This iteration is repeated until errors are no longer listed by the
-80-
Quick List Menu, and branch interconnections, made visible by a branch
number plot, are correct. To modify the input file, select option (1),
'Manage Input Files', from the Executive Menu. This option initiates
the Input File Manager Main Menu (Section 2.1)from which option (3),
'Retrieve input file for modification', should be selected. After
entering the file name to be retrieved and its location, option (1),
'Modify Input Data File', should be selected from the Data File
Manager Menu (Section 2.1.3.1) in order to access the Input File
Editor Menu (Section 2.1.3.1.1). Descriptive data, fan data, and
branch data can be altered via independent menus. Refer to section
2.1.3.1.1 to select the appropriate modification.
After amendments, the data file must be saved. You should then
proceed to the Executive Menu and repeat the execution process via
option (2). When execution is complete the error list should be
scanned and a printout obtained. An initial plot of branches and
junction numbers should be obtained if one has not already been
produced.
Amending data entry errors should take, at most, two iterations of
this process. It should be ascertained that the network is correctly
represented, especially with large networks, before any further
planning excercises are conducted.
3.3.3 Using VNETPC for Network Exercises
Network exercises such as analyzing the effects of altered fan
pressures, increased airflow requirements, modified resistances, mine
development and adjusting ventilation controls, can easily be
performed with VNETPC.
-81-
Use the Input File Manager Menu (Section 2.1) to retrieve and
modify your input file (Section 2.1.3). The altered files can be
saved under different names before evaluation (Section 2.1.3.1.4).
After each program execution, use the Quick List Menu (Section 2.3)
effectively by listing the critical data on the screen, for example
the error list and the branches of particular interest only. Patterns
of air movement can easily be viewed by plotting the airflow results
(Section 2.4). By utilizing color-coded plots of pressure drop,.
resistance; and operating cost, problem areas in the mine can be
highlighted for further investigation.
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4. NETWORK EXAMPLE
This example illustrates the process of creating a network,
entering the required data into the computer, and performing
simulation exercises. It is intended to familiarize the first-time
user of VNETPC with the structure and capabilities of the program
through a hands-on experience. The user should first read Section 3 of
the manual thoroughly, then go through this example while at the
computer, performing the operations described. Refer to Section 3.3
for program operation procedure and Section 2 for detailed description
of required inputs.
|_ tThe example is given in both British and SI units. In running the
network on VNETPC you should select only one of these systems of units
and remain within that system throughout your exercises.
4.1 Description of Mine Network
A schematic of Shirley Mine is reproduced in Figure 4.1. The mine
L. is, in fact, a simplified composite of features that appear in actual
mine circuits. The "working areas" may be regarded as systems of
stopes, room and pillar, or longwall layouts rather than individual
L working faces. Airways in parallel have been reduced to single line
schematics and groups of leakage paths between intake and return
L combined into a fewer number of equivalent resistance paths.
The two levels of the mine are interconnected by two slopes in
L addition to the downcast and upcast shafts. One of those slopes
continues through to surface and provides a second main return route.
Both the upcast shaft and return slope are fitted with exhaust fans
-83-
Llocated on surface.
-_ Fan characteristic curves are given for the two main fans in
L Figure 4.2. Both fans are currently fitted with fixed speed motors
and transmissions. Fan no. 1 is located in branch 24 and fan no. 2 is
L in branch 26. There are currently no booster fans in the system
although natural ventilating pressures have been determined and are
L listed in Table 4.1.
Table 4.1 Natural Ventilating Pressures (NVP)
Branch From To NVP(in.w.g.) NVP (kPa)
38 57 16 0.3 0.075
57 72 24 0.1 0.025
25 24 5 0.4 0.100
59 16 4 0.7 0.175
L In practice, ventilation surveys and acquisition or estimation of
other data must be carried out prior to commencing network planning.
This information is supplied in Table 4.2 in both British and SI
L Units. Details of individual branches are given as numerical data and
comments that were noted during the conduct of the ventilation
L surveys.
Most of these results are available as values of frictional
pressure drops and corresponding airflows. A few resistances are
given directly from eariler surveys and network analyses. However, a
number of airways have not been surveyed. In these cases the airway
dimensions and estimated friction factors are given. Shock losses
have also been estimated and supplied as equivalent lengths.
-84-
F '- I- f- 17
I 1
(*2I I g
I
F7- F-- fl r r r ~~~~~ r T
Be~~~e
nber
Figure 4.1 Schlefnatic of Shirley Mine.
TABLE 4.2(a) BIC3H DATA - SRITISH LI17TS
Brandc Froe To Asis. Pr.Dp. Airflow Friction Factor Lwngth Shock Area Perin. CoinentsP.U. .inwg. kcfm Ibf.hin2/ftA4 ft. Equiv.ft ft.^2 ft.
1 1 102 10 153 15 114 iS 515 11 126 12 137 13 14a 14 169 11 14 50
10 10 16 12011 10 1712 17 1813 18 1914 19 2015 20 2116 21 2217 22 2318 20 23 12019 23 2420 24 2521 25 1622 17 25 9523 18 24 6524 4 225 24 5
26 5 3 0.00127 10 5028 50 5129 51 5230 52 5331 53 5432 54 5533 52 553 55 5635 56 5736 50 5737 50 61
38 57 1639 61 6240 62 6341 63 6442 64 65
43 65 6644 66 68
185 82.0180 74.4
30 63.77530 61.4
114 62.61480 73.7
6120 51.6
80
100
5050509060
70
609090
800 50 250 57 D/cast shaft. 17.84 ft. dia.
300 100 28 19 Sub-shaft. 6 ft. dias.
5608406M0120500
45304040so
96
7080
Iorkings125 ft. return12xS ft. returnDoorsMain doors
40 Intake40 Intake40 Intaake34 Intake36 Intake
Iorkings36
6ood doors3628 Rrturn:Poor Condition.28 Aktgrn:Poor Condition
Stopping
500 b00 s0
400640
560
so100200
804040
87 29595
s0191 75.5225 8254 59500 - 5757 56.5
6750 26236 a580B as
UXOm 101415 36.5
Fan drift.1200 256 100 38 Arched slope to surface:
Poor lining
To fan inlet300 80 250 57 Downcast shaft
Iorking
Doors (Single)300 ft. 8x10 ft.1130 ft. 8XlODouble doors560 ft.: 12xlO ft:
Stocked material300 s0 78 31.4 10 ft. diam. upcast shaft
400 ft.: Arched400 ft.s Arched400 ft.: Arched200 ft.: 1018 ftsOld Munker
in airway:k-70:no bends350 ft.a13xft.
lorkinqs
957510491
U830
112848
71.570651
7173
_,-5
TABLE 4.2(a) BRAN4CH DATA - BRITISH UNI1TS (conitinued)
Brardh From To Rsis. Pr.Do. AirflowP.U. in mg. kcfo
Friction Factorlbf.vin^2/ft^4
Length Shock Aria PeriLft. Equiv.ft ft.'2 ft.
Comnts
454647484950
Sl525354555657
686869656770
1726162631972
676970677071
.01*.923
100058197
43282910
57.5e8
90.5s01235
Regulator to old workings.Workings350 Ft.: 13:7 ft.Single door
72577271676424
164145
660064006000
100
IOOft.: 13x7 ft.:old door frame
400 ft.: 1010 ft.560 ft.: 11:1o ft.Double doorsStoppingStoppivq
300 100 28 19 Sub-snaft: Gft.dia.1200 ft. slope:
100 ft.^2 Acnd1200 ft. slope:
95 ft.^2 Archm800 80 78 31.4 Uocast shaft. 10 ft.
SurfaceSurface
33 25
58 19 61 118 48.7
596061
1632
42.I
di&a00
TABLE 4.2(b) ROO DATA - SI LUITS
brarnc From To Resis. Pr.Dp. Airflow Friction Factor ngth Sck frw Priu. Comnts^2/1a Pa e3lo k1/3 * Equiv. a e2 a
I 1 102 10 153 15 114 15 515 11 126 12 137 13 14e 14 169 11 14 56
10 10 16 13411 10 1712 17 1813 18 1914 19 2015 20 2116 21 2217 22 2318 20 23 13419 23 2420 24 2521 25 1622 17 25 10623 18 24 7324 4 225 24 5
26 5 3 0.00127 10 5028 50 5129 51 5230 52 5331 53 5432 54 5533 52 534 55 5635' 56 5736 50 5737 50 61
38 57 1639 61 6240 62 6341 63 6442 64 65
43 65 6644 66 68
.0154645
38.735.1
245 15 23 17 Dlcast shaft. 5.4 * dia.
90 30 Z5 5.7 Sub-shaft. 1.8 a dim7 30.1
1875 29.028 29.5370 34.8
1525 24.4
22 139
48 35.656 38.713 27.8
1620 26.914 26.7
1680 12. 359 40.1201 40.1
1990 4.7352 17.2
19 33.726 33.023 30.7
1205 38.2
.019
.009.009.009.017.011
.013
.011
.017
.017
.018
.015
.019
1702551N037150
149
121224
99
- 96.57.5
Workings3.741.5 * return3.7xl.5 o returnDoorsMain doors
12 Intake12 Intake12 Intake10 Intake11 It ake
Workings150 245 7.5 11
120255170
243060
Good doors7.5 ' 113.7 8.5 ReturniPoor Condition.3.7 B.5 hturn:Poor Condition
StoppingDoorsFan drift.
365 78 9.3 11.5 Arched slope to surface:Poor lining
To fan inlet90 24 23 17 Dowrcast shaft
Working
Doors (Single)90a 2.4:3a345 a 2.4:3 aDouble doors170 *: 3.7M3 *:
Stocked material90 24 7 9.4 3 a dia. upcast shaft
120 r: Arctted120 a: Arched120 .: rched60 a: 3x2.4 *:Old Bunker
in &ir%&y:kv.013Zno bends105it: 4x2.1 aMorkings
29 335211 34.5
TABLE 4.2(b) 111M4 DATA - SI UIITS (continued)
Brardih From To Resis. Pr.0p. AirflowNs/2/We8 PA e3/s
Friction Factor Lmngth Shock Arna Peri. CommntskIg/`3 a Equiv.u e2 a
45464748495051525354
565758.596061
68 67 .0168 6969 7065 6767 7070 7171 7272 5761 7262 7163 6719 6472 2418 6116 43 2 02 1 0-
256
24915.494136
164515951495
29
20.313.213.74.7
27.141.542.737.85.71.4L.4
Regulator to old workings.Workings105 it 412.1 aSingle door
30 *: 42.1 * old door fram120 *: 3:3 v170 a: 3.4x3 aDouble doorsStoppingStopping
91 30 2.5 5.7 Sub-shaft: 1.6 * dia..365 u slope: 9.3 e2 Prched365 * slope: 8.8 v12.Arched
245 24 7 9.4 Upcast shaft. 3 a diamScrfactSurface
11.823.0
.019
.018
The working areas have been represented as single line equivalent
resistances on the schematic. One exception is the single working
area shown as branches 66-68 and 68-69. The intervening branch 68-67
represents a regulated flow of 43 kcfm (20.3 m 3/s) through old workings.
Note that the three surface nodes are connected by branches of zero
L resistance.
4.2 Data Input
Initiate the program and select the appropriate options for
creation of a new input data file, as described in Section 3.3.1.
Remember, do not depress the return key when selecting menu options or
when answering questions with single character responses. When
requested, enter the input data file name, such as 'EXAMPLE', and then
L select the unit system that you prefer. Enter the additional names
and titles if desired; if no entry is desired simply press return.
Select junction I (or 2 or 3) as the surface reference junction.
L The number of fans is 6 (2 real plus 4 NVP). Assume that the
overall efficiency of each fan is 65 percent and that power costs
L average 4 cents per kilowatt-hour. For each of the fan
characteristics in Figure 4.2, mark the co-ordinate positions at the
two extremities, i.e. at Q=O and p=O. Similarly, mark additional
points along the characteristic curve to give a total of not more than
10 points for each fan.
On request from the computer enter the positions of the fans, a
typical pressure that you might expect - estimate this from anywhere
on the fan curve - and the number of characteristic co-ordinate
points. Treat the natural ventilating pressures as fixed pressure
-90-
.1 I I- F- 1 X- - -, ; Ar. . .. . 4- I-- I- [-,
Avrf tow m3/.so too iso
Aiflow m3 /A40 20 30200
5(a
S
18
A
IV34-+
2'
. U
U.4'1
14
12
lo
4
3
12
-.2 _.l-_
I
8
l
iao 200 3oo +00 SoO
Airflow. kCfa.
10 20 40 So oo 0 to So
ALrtlow. kcjn.
Figure 4.2 Fan Characteristic Curves (at 0.075 lbf/ft3, 1.2 kg/r 3)
fans with zero characteristic points. For each real fan, the computer
will request that you enter the characteristic co-ordinates - fan
pressures and airflows. Read these from your fan curves. The points
should be keyed in reading from left to right, i.e. with increasing
L airflows.
Throughout data entry, follow each number with the return key
unless only single-character answers are required. If you make an
L error and notice it before pressing return then you may use the
backspace key to erase and overwrite the error. If you have already
L pressed return then make a note of where the error is and continue
until the computer allows'you to edit.
When fan data entry has been completed, the computer will request
branch information. Each shaft, slope, airway and 'surface to
surface' connection must be included. Each branch has one line of
data entry. This data can be entered in any of five ways. Look at
the key across the top of the screen. For example, branch 2 is data
type l, branch 9 is data type 2, branch 1 is data type 3, and branch
L 45 is data type 4. Remember, when a branch is followed by a branch of
the same data type, simply press return under the heading 'Next Branch
Type'. Press 6 under that heading after the last branch has been
entered. Save the file-under a name of your choosing.
Correct any errors made during data entry by modifying the data
file. Check carefully for errors by either listing or printing the
data file. When all data is correct, re-save the file under the same
name and print a copy of the file in its current state. The network
is now ready for the initial run.
-92-
4.3 Initial Run and Data Correction
From the Executive Menu, select the 'Execute Program' option.
When computation is complete, check first for any errors. Print out a
copy of the results to examine them more fully. Check that the fan
pressures and airflows lie correctly on the corresponding fan curves
lI and that all fans are located correctly. Normally, a full correlation
study would be done on the branch airflows and pressure drops. For
this example, merely run a quick check that computed airflows are
LI reasonably close to survey airflows. Any serious discrepancy indicates
an error in the input data file and should be investigated.
If no obvious errors are present, or if the cause of an error is
not clear, generate an initial plot by selecting the plotting option
from the Executive Menu. Digitize the schematic in Figure 4.1 and
make a plot of branch and junction numbers. Compare this plot to the
original schematic to reveal any branch or junction number errors in
l the input data file or in the digitized coordinates. Check also the
fan locations and their directions. Plots of airflows, pressure
drops, or resistances may help explain correlation errors with survey
L data.* Before leaving the plotting menu, be sure to save the
coordinate data file.
L Any errors indicated in the printout or plots should be corrected
in the input data file as described in Section 3.3.2 and the
L_ calculation program then re-executed. A thorough checking procedure
must again be applied to the results to make sure that the network
correctly simulates the actual mine in its present condition. When
L you are satisfied that all information is correct, compare your
printout to Table 4.3 and your branch number plot to Figure 4.1. If
-93-
they agree, within a small variation caused by different fan
characteristic points, then you have successfully created a network
for the Shirley Mine.
4.4 Network Exercises
The Shirley Mine example has been created to allow you to
experiment with network exercises if you wish. To do so, consider the
following characteristics of the Shirley Mine.
L There are four working areas indicated on the schematic as
branches-12-13, 21-22, 53-54 and 66-68-69. To provide acceptable
environmental conditions each of these four areas must be supplied
3with a total air quantity of at least 75 kcfm (35 m Is), but not more
than 90 kcfm (42 m 3/s). These airflows are not achieved at the
present time and mine production is being inhibited.
Some of.the airways are in poor condition or inadequate for either
their current or future airflows. The deteriorating state of the
system in the past led to (i) a high pressure fan being installed on
the upcast shaft, (ii) the extension of one of the underground slopes
,through to surface (24-5), and (iii) the installation of a second main
fan at the top of this slope.
L Despite these measures, a major revision of the ventilation system
has become necessary to provide satisfactory airflows in the work
-_ - areas and to control further excessive escalations in fan power costs.
To become familiar with the mine and its problem areas, generate
plots of airflows, resistances, pressure drops, and operating costs as
exhibited in Figures 4.3 through 4.6. Examine these plots and make
notes of changes you believe will improve the ventilation system.
-94-
Using the file editing facilities, modify the input data file to
incorporate these changes. You will probably wish to save this new
input file under a different name so that the original file is not
overwritten.
l Execute the calculation program using the new input file and
review the results. Check run errors, fans, and specific branches
quickly by listing them on the screen. If the results appear
satisfactory, request a printout to inspect the conditions in all
_ areas of the mine. Generate plots for a visual interpretation of
L results and any remaining or new problem areas.
Modify the input data again and calculate revised results. Each
L set of output will give you new ideas for further or alternative
exercises. You might wish to save some of your data files under
-_ different names so that you can return to them later. On the other
hand, you may decide to overwrite files if you are progressing along a
continuous strategy of investigation.
L When a mine ventilation system has reached the stage of requiring
a major revision as in this Shirley Mine example, it is seldom one
L- single problem that needs to be corrected but, rather, a whole
sequence of ameliorative and often expensive measures that must be
taken. Although an interpretation of each output will suggest further
things to try, the computer is essentially doing nothing more than
arithmetic. You must do the creative thinking.
-95-
L
TABsLE 4.3(a) FULL OUTPUT - BRITISH UNITS
File Name: EXNP>ORNetwork Title: EXAMPLE NETWORK - INITIAL DATAAine Name: SHIRLEY AINECoepany: RIWE VENTILATION SERVICES IIC.Comments: VNETPC USERS MNMRL EXARPLE - BR. lNITS
LIl
*m* Data Suohlec By Ulser ##II
Fart Data:
L Fan No. From To Ooerating Pressurein.w.a.
No. Cnaracteristic Pts.
1a345£
4S
57
24
234
16245
19.00012.0000.7000.3000.1000.400
1090000
Fan Cnaracteristic Points:
Fan 1 Pressure Airflowin.w.g. kcfn
22.20021.30021.60021.10020.0001I. 00015.40012.0006.0000.000
Fan 2 Pressurein.W.g.
19.500IB .900
- 18.00016.90015.40013.40010.6006. 8000.000
0.00100.00150.00200.00250.00300.00340.00380.00420.00451.00
Rirflowkcf a
0.0010.0020.0030.0040.0050.0060.0070.0080.00
-96-
Branch Data:
Brancn Fro* To Resistance Pressure D3 A:rflowP.U. U. in.wc. kcfu
Frict. Factor Len Eou:v '.en Area cerlbft:nA2/ftA4 ft ft 't^2 ft
X10^10
1234S6789
,10111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849
1 1010 1515 1115 5111 1212 1313 1414 1611 1410 1610 1717 1818 1919 2020 2121 2222 2320 2323 2424 2525 1617 2518 244 2
24 55 3
10 5050 5151 5252 5353 5454 5552 5555 5656 5750 5750 6157 1661 6262 6363 6464 6565 6666 6868 6768 6969 7065 6767 70
185180
307530
1141480
82.0074.40
63.7061.4062.6073.70
50.0000120.0000
80.0
100.0
50.050.050.090.060.0
70.0
60.090.090.0
95.0
80.0
800.00 50.00 250.00 57.00
300.00 100.00 28.00 19.00
560.00 45.00 96.00 40.00840.00 30.00 96.00 40.00600.00 40.00 96.00 40.00120.00 40.00 70.00 34.00500.00 80.00 80.00 36.00
500.00 800.00 80.00 36.00
400.00 80.00 80.00 36.00840.00 100.00 40.00 28.00560.00 200.00 40.00 28.00
1200.00 256.00 100.00 38.00
300.00 80.00 250.00 57.00
6120 51.60
120.0000
95.000065.0000
87 295.00
0.0010
19122554
650057
6750236808
80001415
75.5082.0059.0057.0056.5026.0085.0085.0010.0036.50
95.0 300.00 80.00 78.00 3'.4075
10491
4830112848
71.5070.0065.0081.0071.0073.0043.00 - Fixed28.0029.0010.0057.50
0.01009823
100058
-97-
50 70 7151 71 7252 72 5753 61 7254 62 7155 63 6756 19 6457 72 2458 18 6159 16 4
197164145
660064006000
33118
88.0090.5080.0012.003.005.00
25.0048.70
100.0 300.00 100.00 28.00 19.00
800.00 80.00 78.00 3 O.406061
3 22 I
0.0000O.0000
4"' OUTPUT DATA M#
Annual costs are based on electricity cnarges of 4.0 cents per kWlr anc fan efficiencies of 65.0%Cost eiven for an WYP renresents money saved by natural ventilation
off FAN ODERA1INS PMINTS fluFan No. From To Pressure
in.W.C.Ouantity Air Power OD. Cos:
kcfa hp S/year
I23456
4 2 18.3445 3 8.671
16 4 0.70057 16 0.30072 24 0.10024 5 0.400
291.38 842.26 336,58665.08 88.92 35,744291.38 32.14 12,920173.13 8.18 3,29023.81 0.38 15165.08 4.10 1,649
4*H BrACH RESJLUS '*"
Branch From To Press.Dn Airflow Resist. AO Loss*.in.wa. kcfm P.U. hp
I23456789
1011
1 1010 1515 1115 5111 1212 1313 1414 1611 1410 1610 17
606101734327
7378107
145375139322553
356.4681.1073.048.06
60.7860.7860.7873.0412.268.81
145.06
0.0048 34.00.0275 2.30.0325 2.00.6658 0.10.0074 0.31.9974 70.70.0291 1.00.2725 16.7
50.0000 14.5120.0000 12.9
0.0263 12.6
OD. CostS/year
13,683.4924.7800.422 0
103.928,405.1
411.96,722.35, 834.15,204.751081.3
12131415161718
17 1818 1919 2020 2121 2222 2320 23
698 135.87163 76.6193 58.24
122 50.945963 50.94319 50.94
6406 7.31
0.0378 14.90.0278 2.00.0274 0.90.0471 1.02.2585 47.90.1230 2.6
120.0000 7.4
6,007.4791.0343.1393.6
19,240.01,029.32, 965.0
-98-
192021
22232425262728293031
32333435363738394041
424344454
464748495051
52535455565758596061
23 2424 2525 16
17 2518 244 2
24 55 3
10 5050 5151 5252 5353 54
54 5552 5555 5656 5750 5750 6157 1661 6262 6363 64
64 6565 6666 6868 67
68 6969 7065 6767 7070 7171 72
72 5761 7262 7163 6719 6472 2418 6116 43 22 1
132526762
80226799
84428
431
19223551
6683
596797229787
824313381371
7610289
5032116837
73
10923
102759
195164
14167466504614522429
1199031
00
58.2427.2136.40
9.1910.23
291.3865.0865.08
121.4975.8383.8957.8057.80
57.8026.0983.8983.8910.1535.50
173.1372.4069.3864.32
82.6872.5472.5443.00
29.5429.5410.1458.2087.7490.77
79.0912.133.025.06
18.3623.8149.03
291.3865.08
356.46
0.03890.71180.5755
95.000065.00000.00100. 10110. 00100.00210.03350.03350.01552.0006
0.01799.98520.03270.1118
80.00001.06210.04590.01470.02120.0215
0.73620.02220.15910.0398
0.12500. 0273
10.00000.01750.02540.0200
0. 022745.8333
711.1111240.0000
0.66580.05280.04980.10640.00000.0000
1.22.34.4
11.611.03.94.40.00.62.33.10.5
60.9
0.527.93.0
10.413.27.5
37.60.91.10.9
65.61.39.60.5
0.50.11.60.52.72.3
1.812.93. 14.90.60.10.9
414.70.00.0
487. 0906.5
1,756.8
4, 669.64,405.11,550.41,764.3
16.5238.6922.3
1,248.8186.7
24,469.4
216.011,234.21, 217.04,182.35,300.63,009.2
15,101.9348.6448.3362.6
26,355.6533.1
3,846.3198.8 -Regula:or Required
204.043.0
659.6217.5
1,083.8943.0
706.45,184.71,246.01,969.8
260.643.7
369.6166,690.7
0.00.0
huumer of Iterations = 35
*I RE6ULATOR AKD BOOSTER FAN LIST *t*
Brancri Frov To Regulator Resistance Required I P.U.)
45 68 67 0.0298
-99-
The following table gives the frictional pressure relative to 0 m.in.w;. at junction N.o. 1The table may be used to find neutral points and the pressure difference available to Droduce flow
between any two junctions in the network.
14 The value 99999 indicates an inaccessible junction I-
JunctionI5131721255357646872
Pressure0
-8677-8364-1159-2235-9175-1115-873-2242-8227-8718
Junction2
10141B225054616569
Pressure-10
-606-8471-1857-819B
-637-7796-1975-7274-8336
Junction
3111519235155626670
Pressure-10
-959-786
-2020-8517
829-7857-2051-7390-B359
Junction4
1216 -
20245256636771
Pressure-1B255
-986-9924-2113-B649-1064-Boe0-2153-8300-8554
*1 NETWORK EXERCISE COP;ETE i4t-le nope this run nas been successful .... VxETPC
-100-
~7 F~7 !7 r F [~ Kill LI. [7 '7~ ~ I V. 9
12 1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.~~~~~~~~
I -~~~~I
Ca~~~~C0~~~~~~~~60
I-..~ ~ ~
SHIRLEY MINE EXAMPLE - A irf1ow FIGURE 4.3(a) BRITISH UNITS
0.0000
af
0-4
Q'
shirley mine example - Resistance FIGURE 4.4(a) BRITISH UNITS
I I I .- I I I 'j 1 I _-
I I I I_ _ _ _- -- _ _
17- F-- (-- I- F- r- I- F- I- F- I.- I I ---- I ---- L - I L L - - I.. . .. - - I I .. ..
shirley mine example - Pressure FIGURE 4.5(a) BRITISH UNITS
I~T
shirley mine exampjle - Operating Cost FIGURE 4 . 6 (a) BRITISH UNITS
J zrj ,J '1j I___ . 1 __ I C o .J -__j -1 __j __j - j
TABLE 4;3(b) FULL OUTPUT - SI UNITS
File Name: EXAPLSINetwork Title: EXAMPLE NETWORK - INITIAL DATANine Name: SHIRLEY NIKECoupany: MNIE VENTILATION SERVICES INC.Cozuents: VNETPC USERS MAUAL EXAMPLE - SI UNITS
*4"' Data Supolied By User MI'
Fan Data:
Fan No. Frox To Operating PressurekPa
No. Characteristic Pts.
123456
4 2516577224
3416245
5.0003.0000.1750.0750.0250.100
90000
Fan Characteristic Points:
Fan I Pressure AirflowkPa e^3/s
5.5505.3005.4005.2004.8704.2503.5002.2000.000
0.0035.0070.00
100.00125.00150.00170.00190.00213.00
Fan 2 Pressure AirflowkPa NA3/s
4.8504.7204.4704.1803.7603.2002.3701.1700.000
0.005.00
10.0015.0020.0025.0030.0035.0037.80
-105-
Branch Data:
Branch From To Resistance Pressure DP AirflowNsA2IA8 Pascals VI3/s
Frict. Factorkg/5^3
Len Equiv Len3 u
Area per*2 U
23456789
1011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950
I 1010 1515 1115 5111 1212 1313 1414 16II 1410 1610 1717 i118 1919 2020 2121 2222 2320 2323 24
24 2525 1617 2518 244 2
24 55 3
10 5050 5151 5252 5353 5454 5552 5555 5656 5750 5750 6157 1661 6262 6363 6464 6565 6666 6868 6768 6969 7065 6767 7070 71
0.0154645
38.7035.10
245.00 15.00 23.00 17.00
90.00 30.00 2.50 5.700.0198
187528
370
30.1029.0029.5034.80
56.0000134.0000
0.0090.0090.0090.0170.011
0.013
170.00255.00180.0037.00
150.00
14.009.00
12.0012.0024.00
1525 24.40
9.00 12.009.00 12.009.00 12.006.50 10.007.50 11.00
7.50 11.00
7.50 11.003.70 8.503.70 8.50
150.00 245.00134.0000
0.0110.0170.017
120.00
255.00170.00
24.0030.0060.00
106.000073.0000
22 139.000.018 365.00 78.00 9.30 11.50
0.0010
485614
162014
168059
2011990352
192623
120528
211
35.6038.7027.8026.9026.7012.3040.1040.104.70
17.20
33.7033.0030.7038.2033.5034.5020.30- Fixed13.2013.704.70
27.1041.50
0.015
0.018
90.00 24.00 23.00 17.00
90.00 24.00 7.00 9.40
z -
0.0100256
2491549
-106-
5152535455565758
,, 596061
7172616263197218
7257727167642461
4136
164515951495
42.7037.805.701.402.40
11.8023.00
0.019 91.00 30.00 2.50 5.708
2916 4 0.018 245.00 24.00 7.00 9.4032
21
0.00000.0000
if#5 OUTPUT DATA #I
Annual costs are based on electricity charges of 4.0 cents per k~rhr andCost given for an NYP represents money saved by natural ventilation
fan efficiencies of 65.0%
in FAN OPERATING POINTS 'isFan go. From To Pressure Quantity Air Power Op.Cost
kPa VA3/s kW S/year
123456
A
16577224
234
16245
4.6392.0850.1750.0750.0250.100
134.3031.18
134.3079.2112.2131.18
623.0465.0223.505.940.313.12
335,87435,05112,6703,203
1651,681
"I M.MRD RESULTS itt
Branch From To Press.DD Airflow Resist. AP Loss Cp.CostPascals e3/s NSA2/vA8 kW V/year
1
234567a9
1011
1213141516171819
1101s15it121314it1010
1718192021222023
1o15I11511213.1416141617
1819202122232324
14943411 16
177425
35018052241
125
158352228
143975
154230
165.4937.5533.893.66
28.2128.2128.2133.895.684.09
67.97
63.7035.5727.1023.7023.7023.703.39
27.10
0.00550.03070.03650.83170.00832.22950.03220.3055
56.0000134.0000
0. 0273
0. 03910. 02840. 03030.04992.56150.1339
134.00000.0413
24.71.61.40.00.2
50.00.7
11.910.39.28.5
10.11.20.60.7
34.11.85.20.8
13,292.8870.4749.0
21.691.2
26,980.4380.3
6,394.55,525.54,940.84,579.9
5,426. 1671.2321.4357.8
18,388.2958.4
2, 820.6438.2
-107-
20 24 2521 25 16
22232425262728293031
32333435363738394041
42434445'
464748495051
17 2518 244 2
24 55 3
10 5050 5151 5252 5353 54
54 5552 5555 5656 5750 5750 6157 1661 6262 6363 64
64 6565 6666 686B 67
68 6969 7065 6767 7070 7171 72
134192
19251632
20110
07
465612
1594
t31625
55188
1974307352192521
122228
20216
255
247144740
12.C517.12
4.264.73
134.3D31.1831.1855.8935.1338.7926.6926.69
26.6912.1038.7938.79
4.6816.0779.2133.7932.4030.00
38.4733.7933.7920.30
13.4913.494.68
27.3840. B742.26
106.000073.0000
0.00110.11400.00100.00240.03790.03740.01752.23B8
0.019611. 10450. 03670.1250
90.08601.18980.05620.01670.02390.0244
0.82580.02490. 1773
0.0396
0.14060.0304
11.27210.01970.02850.0225
0.8130 1.70.6561 3.3
8.27.72.73.40.00.41.62.20.3
42.5
0.319.72.17.39.24.9
27.90.60.80.6
47.00.96.80.3
0.30.11.20.41.91.7
928.51,771.6
4,422.64,161.11448.11,849.2
0.0210.9871.3
1,171.0172.6
22,933.6
187.110,6500.51,150.13,931.24,981.52,660.0
15, 030.7346.1436.6339.7
25,344.2510.0
3,679.5175.1 -Regulator Required
181.836.4
£23.6206.7
1,035.5911.3
5253
5455565758596061
72 5761 7262 7163 6719 6472 2418 6116 43 22 1
32163815781491
60a
302393
00
35.745.691.392.40B.47
12.21
0.025250.6310
813.7155259.5486
0. B3870.0589
1.19.32.23.60.50.10.7
321.40.00.0
616.65,022.81, 185.01,926.8
274.052.7
378.5173,258.5
0.00.0
23.41 0.0548134.30 0.132731.18 0. 0000
165.49 0.0000
wumber of Iterations = 37
- --- - --- ---
*ii REVt.A7TOR AD BOOSTER FAN LISI *"Brarch Frog 7o Regulator Resittarce Required CNsA2IU8)
45 68 67 0.0296
-108-
The following table gives the frictional pressure relative to 0 Pascals at junction No. IThe table may be used to find neutral points and the pressure difference available to produce flowbetween any two junctions in the network.** The value 99999 indicates an inaccessible junction Io
Junction PressureI 05 -2071
13 -201317 -27421 -51725 -219553 -27157 -212164 -52868 -198072 - 2097
Junction Pressure2 14
101418225054616569
-149-2038-432
-1956-156
-1865-463
-1750-2005
Junction Pressure3 14
11 -23315 -19219 -46723 -20315! -20355 -187862 -48266 -177870 -2010
Junction Pressure4 -4606
12 -23916 -238820 -04924 -206152 -25956 -193363 -50767 -199671 -2057
best NETWRK EXERCISE COMPLETE XX
We hope this run has been successful .... VNETPC
-109-
i.I
2t
I
r1i
-58
MINE EXAMPLESHIRLEY
_l . I
- Air'flowFIGURE 4.3(b) SI UNITS
.-- I __ _J-i _ ._I -_1
-- I -- i -- )
F - 7- ,- - I- I - f - -F ( F t WF F 17 I, 1- F- I- F-
SHIRLEY MINE EXAMPLE - Resi stance FIGURE 4.4(b) SI UNITS
I.. ... . . -... .., . .. .. . .. 0 1 . - . l .. - -
a 0
c..4sI
i-i -SHIRLEY MINE EXAMPLE - Pressure FIGURE 4.5(b) SI UNITS
1-' _ .- I -1 _1 I -- }1 l 1) 1 1 _ I _J ._J
I -
F- r--
-'IA' pato EXAMPLE - Operating Cost FIGURE 4.6(b) SI UNITS