veneer log production and receipts - us forest … · veneer log production and receipts in the ......
TRANSCRIPT
United States Department of Agriculture
Forest Service
Northeastern Forest Experiment Station
Veneer Log Production and Receipts in the Northeast, -A Periodic Assessment of Regional Timber Output
Robert L. Nevel, Jr. Eric H. Wharton
FACE VENEER
CONTAJNER VENEER SPECIALTY
VENEER
3 During 1984, 187 -3 m i l l i o n board f e e t (816,600 m ) o f veneer Pogs were h a r v e s t e d rom n o r t h e a s t e r n t imber lands . I n 1984, 30.5 more m i l l i o n board f e e t S ( 333,000 m ) o f veneer l o g s were harves ted t h a n i n 1980--the second c o n s e c u t i v e 19-percent i n c r e a s e over t h e p a s t two b y e a r p e r i o d s , Most o f t h e veneer l o g s came from Maine, Maryland, New York, and Pennsy lvan ia . The M r t h e a s t 's manufac tu re r s o f veneer r e c e i v e d 153.8 m i l l i o n board f e e t (670,600 8 m ) o f veneer l o g s d u r i n g 1984, 33.3 m i l l i o n board f e e t , o r 28 p e r c e n t , more t h a n t h a t r ece ived i n 1980. The veneer mills i n t h e Nor theas t g e n e r a t e d 14.2 m i l l i o n c u b i c f e e t o f manufactur ing r e s i d u e s i n 1984--nearly a l l o f which was used f o r wood f i b e r , f u e l , and a g r i c u l t u r a l u s e s .
Robert L. Nevel, Jr., f o r e s t p r o d u c t s i n d u s t r y s p e c i a l i s t , r ece ived a B.S. degree i n f o r e s t technology from The Pennsylvania S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y i n 1965 and a n M,F, d e g r e e i n wood technology from Yale U n i v e r s i t y i n 1968. We t h e n joined t h e Nor theas te rn F o r e s t Experiment S t a t i o n ' s F o r e s t r y S c i e n c e s Laboratory a t P r i n c e t o n , West V i r g i n i a . I n June 1978, h e t r a n s f e r r e d t o t h e F o r e s t I n v e n t o r y , Ana lys ia , and Economics u n i t , Broomall, Pennsy lvan ia , where h e is a s s i g n e d t o t h e t imber removals group.
E r i c H. Wharton, r e s e a r c h f o r e s t e r , r ece ived a B.A. d e g r e e from Lycoming Col lege i n 1974, and a n M.F. degree from Duke U n i v e r s i t y i n 1975. He joined t h e Nor theas te rn F o r e s t I n v e n t o r y , Ana lys i s , and Economics u n i t i n 1978, and is a r e s o u r c e a n a l y s t .
Manuscript r ece ived f o r p u b l i c a t i o n 30 September 1986
The a u t h o r s e s p e c i a l l y thank Anne E. Cane, who v e r i f i e d t h e s t a t i s t i c s i n t h e t e x t , Carmela M. Hyland, who was r e s p o n s i b l e f o r a d m i n i s t r a t i v e and s e c r e t a r i a l s e r v i c e s ; and Marie P e n n e s t r i , who typed t h e t e x t f o r t h i s r e p o r t .
Nor theas te rn F o r e s t Experiment S t a t i o n 370 Reed Road, Broomall, PA 19008
June 1987
The u s e of t r a d e , firm, o r c o r p o r a t i o n names i n t h i s p u b l i c a t i o n is f o r t h e in format ion and convenience o f t h e r e a d e r . Such u s e does n o t c o n s t i t u t e a n o f f i c i a l endorsement o r approva l by t h e U.S. Department o f A g r i c u l t u r e o r t h e F o r e s t S e r v i c e o f any produc t o r s e r v i c e t o t h e e x c l u s i o n o f o t h e r s t h a t may be s u i t a b l e ,
V e n e e r Log P r o d u c t i o n and R e c e i p t s i n t h e N o r t h e a s t , 984
--A P e r i o d i c Assessment o f R e g i o n a l Timber Output
Contents
Backg round 8 . . t E ~ ~ , , , , t I 1 I I I 8 s I ~ L I I P 1 r I a I I 8 ~ ~ I I L I I 8 s . . a 8 . . . , . . . ~ ..... g . . e . . , s t I I I 1 1
Veneer Industry 8 # 8 ~ ~ B ~ 8 ~ ~ 8 # I ~ I S f 1 S I B P t I S I ~ I B I I t I ~ 6 B @ # S @ # ~ ~ ~ @ ~ I 2 The C o n t a i n e r Veneer I n d u s t r y , , . , , . . . , , . I I I # , , , . , I , ,, I 2 The Commerc ia l and Face Veneer I n d u s t r y . , , , , . . , , . ,~, , , 2
The S p e c i a l t y Veneer I n d u s t r y m s 8 ' # e , , f i * a , a @ # a s , 8 8 , E m , , , , 8 8 8 , , q
The Veneer H a r v e s t Cont inued t o Rise--Plant R e c e i p t s Rose Even More S i g n i f i c a n t l y , . . . . . , . , ,,..,.,,. 4 The H a r v e s t Jumped Another 19 Pe rcen t , , , , , , . , , , , , , . , . , , . 4 H a r v e s t C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s .... , , . . , . . , , , , , ,,,, , .... ,..., . . , , , . . . . ,,. 6 M i l l R e c e i p t s Rose More t h a n the H a r v e s t , . , , , , , . . , . , ,7
I n t e r r e g i o n a l and I n t e r s t a t e Shipments ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Near l y a l l M a n u f a c t u r i n g Residues Used,. . , . . , . , , . . , , , .,,.,,A
D e f i n i t i o n s o f Terms .................................................... 8
I n d e x t o Tab les ..... , . , . , . , , , . . , . , , ~ ~ n . t ~ t t I , , t ~ I ~ ~ B ~ s ~ , ~ ~ ~ , ~ , ~ B s , , , ~ ~ , t ~ t ~ ~ l O
Highlights
The 1984 veneer i n d u s t r y s u r v e y i n t h e N o r t h e a s t showed t h a t s i n c e 1980:
* Veneer l o g p r o d u c t i o n r o s e 19 p e r c e n t t o ove r 187 m i l l i o n b o a r d f e e t i (816, 600 m3).
* Veneer l o g r e c e i p t s a t n o r t h e a s t e r n veneer m i l l s r o s e 28 p e r c e n t t o n e a r l y 154 m i l l i o n b o a r d f e e t (670. 000 m3) .
* F i v e fewer p l a n t s were o p e r a t i n g i n t h e N o r t h e a s t .
* The N o r t h e a s t c o n t i n u e d t o grow as a n e t e x p o r t e r o f veneer l o g s . e x p o r t i n g more t h a n 26 m i l l i o n b o a r d f e e t (113. 800 m3) more l o g s t h a n i t r e c e i v e d f r o m o u t s i d e t h e r e g i o n .
' ~ a s e d on r e c e n t t i m b e r and u t i l i z a t i o n s u r v e y s conducted by t h e USDA F o r e s t S e r v i c e I n t h e Nor theas t , 1,000 oard f e e t ( I n t e r n a t i o n a l l /4- inch r u l e ) e q u a l s 3 4.36 m .
Background
The U.S. Department o f A g r i c u l t u r e , F o r e s t S e r v i c e , c o n d u c t s f o r e s t and f o r e s t - p r o d u c t s i n d u s t r y s u r v e y s t o p r o v i d e c u r r e n t in format ion on t imber and r e l a t e d r e s o u r c e s o f t h e Natlon. P e r i o d i c a l l y i n t h e Nor theas t , p roduc t ion and consumption o f a s i n g l e t i m b e r p roduc t a r e surveyed by t h e Nor theas te rn F o r e s t Experiment S t a t i o n t o de te rmine t h e p r o d u c t ' s importance i n r e l a t i o n t o t h e e n t i r e t imber-products i n d u s t r y i n t h e r e g i o n . The manufacture o f veneer r a n k s t h i r d i n t h e r e g i o n , a s measured by a n n u a l r e c e i p t s o f i n d u s t r i a l t i m b e r p r o d u c t s , such a s sawlogs, pulpwood, veneer l o g s , and o t h e r roundwood. Veneer- industry s u r v e y s have t aken p l a c e every 4 y e a r s s i n c e 1963 t o a s s e s s veneer l o g and b o l t h a r v e s t and u s e . These and o t h e r e v a l u a t i o n s of t h e t imber-products i n d u s t r y and t h e t imber r e s o u r c e o f t h e Nor theas t show change w i t h i n t h e v e n e e r i n d u s t r y and its r e s o u r c e u s e .
I n 1985, a l l o p e r a t i n g veneer m i l l s t h a t u s e l o g s 05 b o l t s i n o r from t h e 14 Nor theas te rn s t a t e s were c o n t a c t e d f o r l o g and b o l t r e c e i p t s i n 1984. The survey was coord ina ted wi th a s i m i l a r su rvey i n t h e Morth-Central r e g i o n t o avo id d u p l i c a t e r e q u e s t s and t o a s s e s s
h he name and l o c a t i o n o f Nor theas te rn veneer m i l l s u s i n g l o g s o r b o l t s a r e p resen ted i n a list and map a t t h e end o f t h i s paper .
t h e v e n e e r i n d u s t r y and 1% s i t u a t i o n f o r a 2 1 - s t a t e a r e a i n t h e Northern United S t a t e s . In format ion on m i l l l o c a t i o n and log r e c e i p t s was reques ted from o t h e r neighboring F o r e s t Experiment s t a t i o n s and t h e Canadian p r o v i n c e s t o a s s u r e complete coverage , The m i l l s c o n t a c t e d by t h e Nor theas te rn F o r e s t Experiment S t a t i o n were mailed q u e s t i o n n a i r e s t o comple te and r e t u r n . A f t e r two a d d i t i o n a l r e q u e s t s by m a i l , nonresponding m i l l s were con tac ted by t e l e p h o n e by S t a t i o n p e r s o n n e l . Veneer l o g s h a r v e s t e d and exported o v e r s e a s through log b r o k e r s o r c o n c e n t r a t o r s a r e d i f f i c u l t t o t r a c e a c c u r a t e l y and were n o t included i n t h e survey .
In format ion and a n a l y s i s o f veneer-log u s e and t h e veneer i n d u s t r y a r e provided on a c o n t i n u i n g b a s i s . Those involved wi th t h e v e n e e r , v e n e e r l o g , and t i m b e r i n d u s t r i e s w i l l f i n d t h e m a t e r i a l u s e f u l i n t h e i r e v a l u a t i o n s o f s t a t e and r e g i o n a l t imber and log supp ly , h a r v e s t , and u s e , e s p e c i a l l y f o r hardwoods. About one-s ix th o f t h e Nat ion ' s veneer hardwood l o g s a r e h a r v e s t e d and used i n t h e Nor theas t a s cornpara t o l e s s than 2 p e r c e n t o f a l l veneer l o g s and less than 1 p e r c e n t o f t h e sof twoods.
Th is r e p o r t d e a l s mainly w i t h s t a t i s t i c s f o r 1984, t h e c a l e n d a r y e a r o f t h e l a t e s t veneer - indus t ry survey ; and 1980, t h e c a l e n d a r y e a r o f t h e l a s t canvass . F o r comparison, r e f e r e n c e is made t o s t a t i s t i c s o f t h e e a r l i e r r e g i o n a l su rveys . Add it i o n a l r e l a t e d
information may be a v a i l a b l e f o r i n d i v i d u a l s t a t e s f o r i n t e r v e n i n g y e a r s from reports of t h e S t a t i o n ' s s t a t e w i d e f o r e s t - p r d u c t s i n d u s l q surveys.
There a r e t h r e e broad e l a s s e s sf veneer manufacturers i n t h e Mortheast: f 7 ) conta$ner veneer manufacturers ; f 2 ) c o m e r c ial and f a c e veneer m i l l s ; and (3) specialty veneer m i l l s . These c l a s s e s a r e based on t h e i n d u s t r i e s they s e r v e and t h e p roduc t s they m&e, The c o m e r c i a l and f a c e veneer m i l l s p r d u c e veneer f o r t h e p l y w o a and m m i t u r e i n d u s t r i e s , The c o n t a i n e r manufacturers f a b r i c a t e m s t l y wooden boxes and b a s k e t s t o s h i p p r d u c e . The s p e c i a l t y veneer manufac tu re r s precluce a mul t i tude o f misce l l aneous items, inc lud i n g beverage s t i r r e r s , b u s i n e s s c a r d s , spoons, tongue d e p r e s s o r s , and t o o t h p i c k s ,
I n 1984, 31 a c t i v e veneer p l a n t s were s c a t t e r e d throughout 10 o f t h e R o r t h e a s t e r n states, The m i l l s were concen t ra ted most h e a v i l y i n New England--mostly i n s o u t h - c e n t r a l Haine and i n Vermont. The m i l l s were l o c a t e d n e a r veneer-log sources , product markets , o r adequa te transports t ion and f a v o r a b l e labor--.considerations t h a t d e t e r n i n e t h e t y p e and l o c a t i o n o f a p l a n t , P rox imi ty of log sources , inexpensive l a b o r , and p r d u c d marke t s a r e more important t o c o n t a i n e r p l a n t s than t o manufacturers o f commerc3al and face veneer . The t h r e e c o n t a i n e r p l a n t s buy and s e l l l o c a l l y i n a g r i c u l t u r a l a r e a s , The manufacture o f commercial and face veneer is more e x a c l i q i n its raw m a t e r i a l r equ i rements , and t h e 19 manufacturers a r e w i l l i n g t o pay more t o get t h e l o g s and t o make and d i s t r i b u t e p roduc t s . "Fe n i n e s p e c i a l t y veneer p l a n t s a r e l o c a t e d n e a r t h e requ i red s p e c i e s and major t r m s p o r t a t ion
There were 38 fewer a c t i v e veneer p l a n t s i n t h e Northeast i n 1984 than i n 1963 ( F Q . 1) . Two-thirds of t h e drop r e s u l t e d from t h e c l o s u r e o f c o n t a i n e r p l a n t s ; t h e b a l a n c e of t h e d e c l i n e was p r i m a r i l y due t o c l o s i n g s o f coaamemial veneer p l a n t s . The number o f s p e c i a l t y veneer p l a n t s h a s remained r e l a t i v e l y e o n s t a n t throughout t h e per iod ,
There were 36 a c t i v e veneer m i l a s i n t h e Northeast dur ing t h e p rev ious 9980 i w d u s t v survey. S i n ~ e t h e n , t h e t o t a l number o f a c t i v e p l a n t s dropped t o 31 , E Q h t veneer p l a n t s c losed inc lud ing f o u r c o m e m i a l m i l l s , two s p e c i a l t y mills, and two c e n t a i n e s m i l l s ; and two o o m e m i a l raills opened. An e x i s t i n g m33.l i n Ohio was recognized t o be o p e r a t i n g i n 1988 and was included i n t h e t o t a l for t h e y e a s *
In 7963, near ly 30 e o n t a b e r v e n e e r p l a n t s were s c a t t e r e d Prom Ohio t o Vermnt. A n e r 20 g e a r s on ly one--tenth as many were located only' la Ohio and Mew Jersey * S i x t e e n p l a n t s c l o s d between 1953 and 1972; f o u r more c l o s e d by 1976; a n o t h e r closed by ?9&; and two more c l o s e d by 1984.
Over t h e yeam, d e e l l n l n g u s e s f w o d e n c o n t a i n e r s and a l a c k o f s k i l l e d l a b o r foreed t h e e l o s i w o f soost c o n t a i n e r v e n e e r p l a n t s . Demand h a s dropped w i t h t h e replacement o f family Earns by a r i b u s i a e s s e s and t h e inc reased cos t 0% w o d e n c o n t a b e r s . Today, l a q e - s c a l e a g s i b u s f n e s s e s u s e a u t m a t d h a m e s t i n g and t r w s p o r t f n g equipment and c o r m g a t & shS.pping c o n t a i n e r s , and r o a d s i d e produce r e t a i l e r s p r e f e r t o u s e p a p e r hags and p l a s t i c goods t o m b i m i a e g a c k a g i w c o s t s . The hi@;h c o s t o f l a b o r and m t e r i a l t o produce wooden c o n t a b e r s h a s made them uneconomical f o r u s e by f r u i t and v-etable p r a u c e r s . The assembly o f wocden c o n t a i n e r s i s l a b o r h t e n s i v e , r e q u i r i n g h i g h l y s k i l l e d workers who a r e d i f f i c u l t t o r e p l a c e .
The nurna3es of a c t i v e domest ic e o m w r k a l and f a c e v e n e e r m i l l s r o s e i n t h e mid-19601s along w i t h plywo& consulnption i n t h e United S t a t e s . There were 36 sf t h e s e p l a n t s i n t h e Nor theas t its 1968. S i n c e "168, only one m i l l h a s produced softwosd glywssb. The r e s t produced hardwod veneer and plywocarl. f o r t h e f?sml&ure, c a b i n e t , and r e l a d & i n d u s t r i e s . The numBes of commemial and f a c e m i l l s t h e n dropped throughout t h e l W O t s d e s p i t e r e l a t i v e s t a b l e consumption. By 1980 t h e r e were o n l y 20 m i l l s , and one less by 1984.
"re c l o s i n g of t h e m i l l s was s e l a t d t o a c t i v i t y surrounding t h e h a r d w a d plywood ma&et. From 1960 t o 1968, hardwod p l y w o d $ w o r t s inc reased s l a h t l y evesy y e a r t o meet inereasin%: demand w i t h l i t t l e o r n o d e t r i m e n t t o domest ic sh ipments* From 1968 t o 1980, domest ic consumption o f hardwood plywo aver%ed 5.6 b i l l i o n s q u a r e f e e t p e r y e a r P g d b u t inc reased f o r e i g n dominance o f t h e hardwood plywoc;cl market h u r t domest ie shipments and t h e commercial veneer i n d u s t r y in t h e N e r t h e m t ,
According t o t h e F o r e s t P r o d u e t s Review and t h e U,S* Bureau of' t h e Census, domest ie consumption and hardwood plywo& i n p o r t s more t h a n quadmpled between 1960 and 1912, b u t domest ie shipmenks on ly doubled In 1972, when domest ic demand f o r h a r d w a d p l y w a d peaked a t 8.1 b i l l i o n s q u a r e f e e t , i w o r l s made up o v e r t h r e e - f o u r t h s o f t h e annua l c o n s u w t i o n and t h e number o f n o r t h e a s t e r n h a r d n o d m i l l s dropped t o 25. Fore ign manufac tu re r s p e n e t r a t e d and daminat& t h e Unit& SCates hardwood plywooid
2 30ne s q u a r e f o o t e q u a l s -00929 m .
C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f veneer mills i n t h e Nor theas t , by c l a s s of m i l l , 1984: -- -- - C l a s s o f veneer p l a n t --
C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s Conimerc i a l and f a c e C o n t a i n e r S p e c i a l t y
--- Volume o f l o g 6.0 m i l l i o n board 0.4 m i l l i o n board 4.2 m i l l i o n board r e c e i p t s f e e t p e r p l a n t f e e t p e r p l a n t f e e t p e r p l a n t
Major s p e c i e s Yellow b i r c h , red Beech, hard and s o f t Aspen, w h i t e oak , yel low p i n e , maple, sycamore, and b i r c h , b u t t e r n u t , and mixed softwoods yel low-poplar hard and s o f t
maple
S i z e o f l o g From 3- t o 1 4 - s t a t e From consuming o r From 3- t o procurement a r e a a r e a ne ighbor ing s t a t e 5 - s t a t e a r e a
P l a n t l o c a t i o n Evenly s c a t t e r e d throughout Nor theas t
A t l a n t i c C o a s t a l Mostly Maine P l a i n o r border ing Great Lakes
Product market E a s t e r n popula t ion Local a g r i c u l t u r a l Nationwide a r e a s and Southeas te rn a r e a s
f i r n i t u r e i n d u s t r y
Number o f r n J . 1 1 ~ 19 3 9
I I I 1 t I
1963 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 Year
F i g u r e 1 .--Number o f veneer m i l l s o p e r a t i n g i n t h e Nor theas t , by c l a s s o f p l a n t , f o r s e l e c t e d y e a r s .
market t o b r i n g t h e c l o s i n g o f many domest ic p l a n t s and t h e r e l o c a t i o n o f manufactur ing f a c i l i t i e s overseas . The r e c e n t long-term worldwide economic slowdown f u r t h e r impacted domest ic hardwood plywood consumption. By 1980, t h e demand f o r hardwood plywood dropped t o l e s s than 3-1/2 b i l l i o n s q u a r e f e e t , impor t s dropped s i g n i f i c a n t l y t o account f o r about two- th i rds o f t h e n a t i o n a l consumption, and s i x more hardwood m i l l s c l o s e d . With a n improved n a t i o n a l economy, domest ic hardwood plywood consumption r o s e by 14 p e r c e n t t o 3 .8 b i l l i o n square f e e t by 1984. However, domest ic m i l l s were unab le t o meet demand, and produc t ion remained r a t h e r f l a t . Between 1980 and 1984, imported plywood shipments had r i s e n by 24 p e r c e n t t o account f o r n e a r l y t h r e e - f o u r t h s o f t h e domest ic demand, and a new m i l l had opened i n New York.
A s t h e economy c o n t i n u e s t o improve, t h e commercial and f a c e veneer i n d u s t r y i n t h e Northeast l i k e l y w i l l c o n t i n u e t o produce l a r g e r volumes o f hardwood and softwood veneers and plywood. However, t h e i n d u s t r y w i l l s t i l l be f a c i n g i n c r e a s i n g c o s t s , decreased l o g q u a l i t y , and compet i t ion from manufac tu re r s of a l t e r n a t i v e and imported p r o d u c t s .
The Specialty Veneer Industry
The s p e c i a l t y veneer m i l l s p rov ide s t a b i l i t y t o t h e wood-using i n d u s t r y . The s p e c i e s they use and t h e p r o d u c t s they make seldom change. Although t h e s e m i l l s numbered around a dozen between 1963 and 1980, on ly n i n e opera ted in 1984. They st i l l account f o r about t h r e e - t e n t h s o f a l l t h e veneer m i l l s i n t h e Nor theas t . I n 1984, s i x o f t h e s e veneer m i l l s were l o c a t e d i n c e n t r a l and s o u t h e r n Maine; t h e r e s t were l o c a t e d w i t h i n 400 m i l e s i n New Hampshire, Vermont, and New York. For t h e most p a r t , w h i t e b i r c h and hard maple b o l t s a r e used t o make such i t ems a s t o o t h p i c k s , i c e cream spoons, tongue d e p r e s s o r s , and s t i r r e r s . One s p e c i a l t y m i l l used a v a r i e t y o f s p e c i e s t o make p a r t s f o r a manufacturer o f l a r g e i n d u s t r i a l r e e l s .
Yeneer Lon Harvest Continued t o Rise--Plant; - ~ t s Rose Even Hore Sinnf f icanm
Harvest Jumped Another 19 Percent
I n 1984, Nor theas te rn t imber h a r v e s t e r s s u p p l i e d veneer m i l l s i n t h e r e g i o n , nejghboring s t a t e s , and Canada w i t h over 187 m i l l i o n board f e e t o f l o g s and b o l t s . The veneer l o g and b o l t h a r v e s t was up by 19 p e r c e n t s i n c e 1980 and up by over 52 p e r c e n t s i n c e t h e r e c e n t low o f 123 m i l l i o n board f e e t i n 1972 ( F i g . 2 ) . The r i s e s i n c e 1980 f o l l o w s a s i m i l a r jump f o r t h e 1976-80 p e r i o d . The h a r v e s t was h i g h e r s i n c e 1980 i n 8 o f t h e 14 n o r t h e a s t e r n s t a t e s , i n c l u d i n g Rhode I s l a n d . H i s t o r i c a l l y , veneer l o g s have never been produced i n Rhode I s l a n d . I n d i v i d u a l g a i n s f o r t h e s t a t e s ranged from 15 p e r c e n t i n Kentucky t o w e l l over 100 p e r c e n t i n New York. The percen tage o f p roduc t ion decreased s l i g h t l y i n Maryland and s i g n i f i c a n t l y i n Delaware and
1101 ' I 1 I 1 1
1963 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 Year
F i g u r e 2. --Veneer l o g product i o n and r e c e i p t s i n t h e Nor theas t f o r s e l e c t e d y e a r s .
New J e r s e y . Toge ther , Delaware and New J e r s e y produced l e s s t h a n 2 m i l l i o n board f e e t i n 1984. Maine, Maryland, New York, and Pennsylvania con t inued t o have t h e l a r g e s t i n d i v i d u a l h a r v e s t s . Each o f t h e s e s t a t e s produced a t l e a s t 26 m i l l i o n board f e e t o f veneer l o g s i n 1984. T h e i r h a r v e s t s t o t a l e d 142.3 m i l l i o n board f e e t f o r over t h r e e - f o u r t h s o f t h e veneer l o g s produced i n t h e Northeast ( F i g . 3)
BY Product container--I%
BY State
BY Species
Figure 3.--Veneer log production in percent, 1984.
During t h e l a s t 16 y e a r s , most o f t h e v e n e e r l o g p r d u c t i o n i n t h e Nor theas t h a s gone t o p roducers o f commercial and f a c e veneer ( F i g . 4 ) . Over 81 percent--152 m i l l i o n board fee t - -o f t h e r e g i o n ' s veneer l o g s went t o t h e s e p l a n t s i n 1984 ( F i g s . 3 and 4) . The volume o f l o g s c u t f o r t h e s e p l a n t s was up 23 p e r c e n t over 1980 when n e a r l y 124 m i l l i o n board feet, o r 7 9 p e r c e n t , o f t h e t o t a l n o r t h e a s t e r n veneer log h a r v e s t went t o t h e s e m i l l s , I n 1984, n e a r l y 34 m i l l i o n board f e e t , o r 18 p e r c e n t , o f t h e t o t a l h a r v e s t went t o s p e c i a l t y veneer m i l l s . Less than 1 p e r c e n t went t o c o n t a i n e r m n u f a c t u r e r s .
Between 1976 and 1984, t h e h a r v e s t o f veneer l o g s f o r t h e commercial and f a c e veneer mills d i f f e r e d from t h e p r e v i o u s 8 y e a r s . From 1968 through 1976, veneer l o g p r o d u c t i o n f o r t h e s e m i l l s dec reased . S i n c e 1976, t h e h a r v e s t f o r t h e s e m i l l s r o s e s i g n i f i c a n t l y . Most o f t h e r i s e between 1976 and 1980 r e s u l t e d from increased shipments from Maine and New York t o Canadian firms n e a r t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l b o r d e r . S i n c e 1980, shipments t o Canada con t inued t o
\.-.- Container *\*\. 4.\.
'.\ 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984
Year
rise, a long wi th inc reased demand i n Pennsy lvan ia and New York. During t h e r e c e n t p e r i o d , a new v e n e e r m i l l was b u i l t i n each s t a t e t o make commercial and f a c e veneer .
The h a r v e s t s o f v e n e e r l o g s and b o l t s f o r s p e c i a l t y m i l l s have r i s e n and f a l l e n o v e r t h e y e a r s s i n c e 1968. A s changes i n t h e econmy and i n t h e demand and c o m p e t i t i o n f o r s p e c i a l t y v e n e e r p r o d u c t s have f l u c t u a t d , s o have t h e h a r v e s t s o f roundwood t o make t h e s e p roduc t s . After reach ing a new low i n 1980, l o g p r o d u c t i o n f o r t h e s p e c i a l t y v e n e e r m i l l s r o s e aga in i n 1984. O v e r a l l , t h e s p e c i a l t y veneer-log h a r v e s t h a s decreased s l i g h t l y o v e r t h e y e a r s . Though s i m i l a r , h a r v e s t h i g h s and lows between 1976 and 1984 a r e s l i g h t l y lower than t h o s e o f t h e p r i o r p e r i o d s .
The h a r v e s t s o f v e n e e r l o g s f o r c o n t a i n e r m i l l s have con t inued t o d e c l i n e o v e r t h e 16-year p e r i o d s i n c e 1968. Few v e n e e r l o g s and b o l t s were used t o make c o n t a i n e r s i n 1984. Few m i l l s remain a s t h e i n d u s t r y c o n t i n u e s t o l o s e marke t s t o imported and s u b s t i t u t e p r o d u c t s .
I n 1984, New York l e d t h e Nor theas t i n v e n e e r l o g s h a r v e s t e d from a s t a t e ' s t imber lands . The 60.2 m i l l i o n board f e e t r epresen ted a 145-percent i n c r e a s e s i n c e 1980. T h i s was t w i c e t h e volume o f any o t h e r s t a t e and n e a r l y one- th i rd o f t h e t o t a l f o r t h e Northeast ( F i g . 3) . About 9 8 p e r c e n t o f New York 's veneer l o g s were s e n t t o manufac tu re r s o f commercial and f a c e veneer . Most o f t h e inc reased h a r v e s t went t o a softwood plywood m i l l r e c e n t l y c o n s t r u c t e d w i t h i n t h e s t a t e and Canadian hardwood f a c e veneer m i l 1s.
U n t i l r e c e n t y e a r s , more v e n e e r l o g s have been produced and used i n Maine than i n any o t h e r s t a t e . Except f o r 1980, o v e r h a l f o f t h e v e n e e r l o g s h a r v e s t e d a n n u a l l y i n t h e s t a t e s i n c e 1968 went t o its s p e c i a l t y v e n e e r m i l l s . Most o f t h e ba lance went t o i ts commercial and f a c e veneer mills. I n 1980, 54 p e r c e n t o f t h e s t a t e ' s l o g s were h r v e s t e d t o make commercial and f a c e vene. ien a softwood plywood m i l l opened i n New Brunswick. With t h e mill's c l o s u r e and t h e demand f o r New York l o g s , Maine q u i c k l y l o s t its dominance i n t h e Nor theas t t o rank second.
I n 1984, 26.9 m i l l i o n board f e e t , o r about 14 p e r c e n t , o f t h e r e g i o n ' s t o t a l veneer-log h a r v e s t were harves ted i n Maine. Nearly two- th i rds o f Maine's veneer-log h a r v e s t was w h i t e b i r c h l o g s s e n t t o s p e c i a l t y m i l l s i n t h e s t a t e . About 14 p e r c e n t o f t h e h a r v e s t c o n s i s t e d o f yel low-birch l o g s s e n t t o Vermont's hardwood veneer mills.
I n 7984, b i r c h , red oak, w h i t e oak, beech, hard maple, and yel low-poplar were t h e p r e f e r r e d hardwood s p e c i e s account ing f o r 64 p e r c e n t o f t h e h a r v e s t i n t h e Northeast ( F i g . 3) .
F i g u r e 4.--Production o f veneer l o g s i n t h e Nor theas t , by c l a s s o f p l a n t , f o r s e l e c t e d y e a r s .
Softwoods made up n e a r l y one-fourth o f t h e t o t a l prcxiuction. Most o f t h e softwood produc t ion was from Maryland's s o u t h e r n p i n e and New York 's e a s t e r n w h i t e p i n e f o r e s t s .
Hickory, r ed oak, and b lack walnut r f tg i s te red p roduc t ion g a i n s o f 3 8 p e r c e n t o r more between 1980 and 1984. The l a r g e s t volume g a i n s were shown i n red oak and b i r c h , which accounted f o r n e a r l y h a l f o f t h e h a r v e s t . PrcMiuction f o r each o f t h e s e two s p e c i e s i n c r e a s e d s i g n i f i c a n t l y , r each ing o v e r 41 m i l l i o n board feet f o r each s p e c i e s , The softwood veneer l o g h a r v e s t rose 21 p e r c e n t i n t h e l a s t 4 y e a r s t o n e a r l y 46 m i l l i o n board feet. The l a r g e s t d e c l i n e s i n volume occur red w i t h beech, s o f t maple, and whi te oak.
I n 1984, red oak surpassed b i r c h a s t h e n o r t h e a s t e r n s p e c i e s h a r v e s t e d most t o make veneer ( F i g . 5 ) . Birch had been d e c l i n i n g i n usage t o red oak s i n c e 1963 when red oak accounted f o r on ly 7 p e r c e n t o f t h e veneer log h a r v e s t and b i r c h made up 35 p e r c e n t . Red oak h a s become t h e p r e f e r r e d s p e c i e s t o make f a c e veneer .
The p r o p o r t i o n o f veneer made from hard maple and yel low-poplar h a s a l s o decreased o v e r t h e l a s t 21 y e a r s . The use of hard maple h a s g i v e n way t o o t h e r s p e c i e s , such a s beech and w h i t e oak, which a r e l e s s c o m p e t i t i v e w i t h t h e s o l i d wood p r o d u c t s i n d u s t r y . Demand f o r yel low-poplar veneer l o g s h a s dropped o f f wi th t h e decreased p roduc t ion o f wooden c o n t a i n e r s .
M i l l Receipts Rose Wore Than The Rawest
Veneer p l a n t s i n t h e Nor theas t r e c e i v e d 153.8 m i l l i o n board f e e t o f veneer l o g s i n 1984. Th is volume was about 33-1/3 m i l l i o n board f e e t , o r 28 p e r c e n t , more than t h e amount rece ived i n 1980, Veneer l o g r e c e i p t s dropped i n 3 and r o s e i n 7 o f t h e 11 n o r t h e a s t e r n s t a t e s w i t h o p e r a t i n g veneer m i l l s . New York r e g i s t e r e d t h e l a r g e s t ga in - - inc reas ing more than t h r e e f o l d , o r about 27 m i l l i o n board f e e t - - t o account f o r n e a r l y one-fourth o f t h e r e g i o n ' s t o t a l r e c e i p t s . Over h a l f o f t h e l o g s rece ived were harves ted from softwoods, most ly w h i t e p i n e , growing i n t h e s t a t e . Most o f t h e hardwood l o g s rece ived came from beech, hard maple, and yel low b i r c h t r e e s w i t h i n t h e s t a t e f o r u s e by t h e s t a t e ' s f a c e and s p e c i a l t y mills.
The Nor theas t c o n t i n u e s t o b e a s u p p l i e r o f h igh-qua l i ty veneer l o g s t o m i l l s o u t s i d e and i n s i d e t h e r e g i o n . S i n c e 1963, r e g i o n a l e x p o r t s have exceeded imports--more veneer l o g s have gone o u t o f t h e Northeast than have been shipped i n t o it f o r convers ion . T h i s s u r p l u s decreased from 1963 t o 1976. Net e x p o r t s dropped from 26 m i l l i o n board f e e t i n 1963 t o 21 m i l l i o n board f e e t i n 1968. The s u r p l u s o f ou t sh ipments n e a r l y reached e q u i l i b r i u m a t 1.7 m i l l j o n board f e e t i n 1972 when demand f o r veneer l o g s was
1963 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 Year
F i g u r e 5.--Species mix o f veneer l o g p roduc t ion i n t h e Nor theas t f o r s e l e c t e d y e a r s .
h igh . Then, i n 1976, d u r i n g a weak market f o r hardwoal l o g s , e x t r a r e g i o n a l sh ipments exceeded imports by 9 m i l l i o n board f e e t , By 1980, e x p o r t s exceeded i w o r t s by more t h a n 36 m i l l i o n board f e e t f o r a s u r p l u s o f 23 p e r c e n t .
Between 1980 and 1984, t h e r e was a l a r g e d r o p i n n e t e x p o r t s and a change i n s p e c i e s m i x expor ted . I n 1984, n e t e x p o r t s o f v e n e e r l o g s from t h e Nor theas t f e l l t o j u s t o v e r 26 m i l l i o n board feet, f o r a 14-pement s u r p l u s . The r e g i o n ' s m i l l s used more l o g s from o u t s i d e t h e r e g i o n , whi le t h e volume o f l o g s exported dropped s l i g h t l y .
The s p e c i e s m i x o f exported v e n e e r l o g s a l s o changed between 1980 and 1984. Most o f t h e 1980 e x p o r t s u r p l u s came from sh ipments o f softwood v e n e e r l o g s o u t o f t h e reg ion . By 1984, t h e New Brunswick plywood m i l l t h a t had used l a r g e volumes o f sp ruoe and f ir from Maine had c l o s e d . The 1984 e x p o r t s u r p l u s r e s u l t e d from increased sh ipments o f harriwoal l o g s o u t o f t h e r e g i o n , p a r t i c u l a r l y from Pennsylvania and New York t o Canada. R e d oak, w h i t e oak, and c h e r r y were t h e p r e f e r r e d hardwoods.
Among t h e Northeastern s t a t e s wi th o p e r a t i n g mills, Kentucky, New Hampshire, New York, and Pennsylvania exported g r e a t e r volumes o f veneer lugs than they imported i n 1984. With t h e l o s s o f its Canadian market, Maine went from a l a r g e n e t e x p o r t e r t o a n e t impor te r ,
I n bo th 1980 and 1984, twice a s many veneer l o g s were shipped o u t o f t h e Mortheast as i n 19'76. I n 3980, t h e 58.7 m i l l i o n board feet o f exported l o g s made up 37 p e r c e n t o f t h e y e a r ' s veneer log product ion. By 1984, t h e volume shipped o u t s i d e t h e reg ion dropped by 4 p e r c e n t t o 56.2 m i l l i o n board f e e t , accounting f o r 30 p e r c e n t o f t h e t o t a l h a r v e s t .
Although most veneer l o g s a r e high-value t imber p roduc ts l i k e l y t o be shipped c o n s i d e r a b l e d i s t a n c e s , most Northeastern m i l l s a r e a b l e t o r e l y on t h e l o c a l and r e g i o n a l t imber r e s o u r c e t o meet t h e i r needs. I n 1984, 123.7 m i l l i o n board f e e t o r 80 p e r c e n t , o f t h e veneer l o g s received by m i l l s i n t h e Northeast came from s t a t e s w i t h i n t h e reg ion . Nearly two-thirds o f t h e m i l l r e c e i p t s were harves ted i n t h e s t a t e where t h e m i l l s were l o c a t e d . Over 89 m i l l i o n board feet, o r 48 p e r c e n t , o f t h e veneer l o g s harves ted i n t h e reg ion were shipped o u t o f t h e s t a t e i n which they were c u t . Nearly four - ten ths o f t h e ou t -of - s ta te shipments remained w i t h i n t h e reg ion .
Nearly A 1 1 Hanufaoturing Residues Used
The manufacture o f veneer from l o g s and b o l t s g e n e r a t e s r e s i d u e s i n t h e form o f bark , c l i p p i n g s , and c o r e s . The v a l u e and u t i l i t y o f t h e s e r e s i d u e s c o n t i n u e t o rise. The wood i n d u s t r y and o t h e r i n d u s t r i a l f a c i l i t i e s i n t h e Northeast have been us ing t h e wood r e s i d u e s from veneer m i l l s and o t h e r manufacturing p l a n t s a s dependable and r e a d i l y a v a i l a b l e s o u r c e s o f raw m a t e r i a l f o r pu lp and energy. Environmental concerns have discouraged wood-product manufacturers from burning o r dumping t h e i r residues, and have encouraged t h e p l a n t s t o u s e o r market t h i s m a t e r i a l .
The veneer m i l l s i n t h e Mortheast genera ted 14.2 m i l l i o n c u b i c feet o f manufacturing r e s i d u e s i n 1984. Almost 7 m i l l i o n c u b i c f e e t were i n t h e form o f c o a r s e woody m a t e r i a l l a r g e enough t o b e made i n t o wood c h i p s , Nearly 5 m i l l i o n c u b i c f e e t were f i n e woody m a t e r i a l t o o s m a l l f o r ch ipp ing , b u t v a l u a b l e a s f'uel. About 2-1/2 m i l l i o n c u b i c f e e t were bark .
Both t h e u s e o f veneer manufacturing r e s i d u e s and t h e u s e o f t h e s e r e s i d u e s f o r i n d u s t s i a l f u e l have increased tremendously i n r e c e n t y e a r s . Nearly a l l o f t h e r e s i d u e s were used i n 1984 (Fig. 6). Most o f t h e s e r e s i d u e s were used by t h e veneer p l a n t s f o r b o i l e r f u e l . Very l i t t l e o f any type r e s i d u e was burned t o h e a t homes. Nearly two-f i f ths o f t h e c o a r s e wood r e s i d u e s , very l i t t l e o f t h e f i n e wood r e s i d u e s , and none o f t h e bark were used t o make pulp and o t h e r f i b e r p roduc ts . One p e r c e n t o r less o f
each t y p e r e s i d u e went unused. Most o f t h e unused m a t e r i a l was burned, p i l e d , o r b u r i e d ,
Definition o f Te
Harvest. The aggregate volume o f t imber produced f o r i n d u s t r i a l o r consumer u s e s .
. T o t a l p roduc t ion o f round timber f o r convers ion i n t o wood produc ts , except fuelwood .
. I n c l u d e s roundwocd (round t imber ) p roduc ts harves ted from growing s t o c k on commercial f o r e s t land; from o t h e r sources , such as c u l l trees, s a l v a b l e dead trees, l imbs and t o p s , and s a p l i n g s ; from t r e e s on noncommercial and n o n f o r e s t l a n d s ; and from manufac t u r b g p l a n t byproducts . Hanu facture
. A p l a n t t h a t c o n v e r t s roundwood (round t imber) t o wood p r o d u c t s such a s woodpulp, lumber, veneer , cooperage, and dimension.
Roundwood D ~ O ~ U C ~ S . Logs, b o l t s , and o t h e r round t imber genera ted from h a r v e s t i n g t r e e s f o r i n d u s t r i a l o r consumer use .
Veneer lon o r bo&. A roundwood product from which veneer is s l i c e d o r sawn t h a t u s u a l l y meets c e r t a i n minimum s t a n d a r d s o f d iameter , l e n g t h , and d e f e c t .
Veneer 106t ~ r o d u c t i o n ( h a r v e s t ) . The manufacture o f roundwood (round t imber) p r o d u c t s , such a s l o g s and b o l t s , genera ted from h a r v e s t i n g trees f o r convers ion i n t o veneer p roduc ts .
Veneer log rece-. Roundwood (round t imber) p r o d u c t s , such a s l o g s and b o l t s , received by veneer m i l l s f o r convers ion i n t o veneer p roduc ts .
Residues
Manufactur- ~ l a n t r e s i d u e s . Bark and woody m a t e r i a l s t h a t a r e genera ted when round t imber (roundwood) is converted i n t o wood products; i n c l u d e s s l a b s , edg ings , t r i m m h g s , miscuts , sawdust, shav ings , veneer c o r e s and c l i p p i n g s , and pu lp s c r e e n i n g s .
. Wood p r o d u c t s such a s pulp c h i p s , recycled from manufacturing p l a n t r e s i d u e s .
. P l a n t r e s i d u e s t h a t a r e dumped o r des t royed and n o t recovered from p l a n t byproducts .
I n d u s t r i a l D o m e s t i c f u e l
Coarse NO^ used---<I% Residue o t h e r - - < I %
\
I n d u s t r i a l f u e l
Fine 82% Residue F i b e r p r o d u c t s
'----
Bark Residue
I n d u s t r i a l
N o t used- -1%
Figure 6.--Disposition of veneer plant res idues i n percent, 1984.
Manufacturing r e s i d u e s s u i t a b l e f o r ch ipp ing , such a s s l a b s , edgings, and veneer c o r e s .
, Manudkacturing r e s i d u e s n o t s u i t a b l e f o r chippfng , such a s sawdust and shavfngs ,
Index to Tables
1, Veneer log produc t ion in t h e Nor theas t , by state, 1980 and 1984. ...................... 1 1 2. S p e c i e s corngosition o f v e n e e r log h a r v e s t ............ i n t h e Nor theas t , 1980 and 1984.. .12
, Dicotyledonous trees, u s u a l l y b road-leaved and dee iduous .
. Coniferous t r e e s , u s u a l l y evergreen , with need les o r s c a l e - l i k e l e a v e s .
3. Veneer log r e c e i p t s i n t h e Nor theas t , by s t a t e , 1980 and 1984. ...................... 12
4. Product i o n o f veneer l o g s i n t h e Nor theas t , by s t a t e s and r e c e i v i n g m i l l c l a s s e s , 1984.. . .13 5 . Rece ip t s o f veneer l o g s in t h e Nor theas t , by s t a t e s and r e c e i v i n g m i l l c l a s s e s , 1984....13
6. Produc t ion and d e s t i n a t i o n o f shipment o f Nor theas te rn veneer l o g s , by s t a t e s , 1984 ..... 14 7. E x t r a r e g i o n a l r e c i p i e n t s o f v e n e e r l o g s from t h e Nor theas t , 1984.....................15
8. Consumption and o r i g i n o f shipment o f veneer l o g s f o r t h e Nor theas t , by s t a t e s , 1984 ..........................................I5
9. D i s p o s i t i o n o f veneer p l a n t r e s i d u e s i n t h e Northeast by states and t y p e o f r e s i d u e and u s e , 1984.. .............................. 16
T a b l e 1.-Veneer l o g p roduc t ion i n t h e Mortheast , by s t a t e , 1980 and 1984
S t a t e Produc t ion
1980 1984 Change
Connec t icu t Delaware Kentucky Maine Maryland Massachuset ts New Hampshire New J e r s e y New York Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode I s l a n d Vermont West V i r g i n i a
M i l l i o n board f e e t a Percen t
~ 1 1 s t a t e s 156.8 187.3 +I9
t ~ n t e r n a t i o n a l *-inch r u l e . Greater t h a n 100 p e r c e n t i n c r e a s e .
'~ess than 100,000 board f e e t .
Table 2.-Species composition of veneer l og harves t i n t he Northeast, 1980 and 1984
Species 1980 1984 Change
Ash Bass wood Beech Birch Cherry Elm Hickory Maple, hard Maple, s o f t Oak, red Oak, white Sycamore Walnut, black Yellow-poplar Other hardwoodsC
Mill ion board f e e t a Percent N i l l i on
board f ee t a Percent Percent
Total hardwoods 119.1 76.0 Total sof twoodse 37.7 24.0
A l l s pec i e s 156.8 100.0 187.3 100.0 +19
a ~ n t e r n a t i o n a l f-inch ru l e . b~ess than 0.1 percent . C ~ n c l u d e s aspen, chesnut , c o t tonwood, hackberry, pecan, t upe lo , and o the r dmiscellaneous hardwoods.
Greater than 100 percent increase . 'Includes ea s t e rn white pine, red spruce, and southern yellow pines.
Table 3.-Veneer l o g r e c e i p t s i n t h e Northeast , by s t a t e , 1980 and 1984
Receipts
1980 1984 Change
Kentucky Maine Maryland/West v i rg in i aC New ~ a m ~ s h i r e / ~ e r m o n t New Jersey/New yorkC Ohio Pennsylvania
A l l s t a t e s
Mill ion board feet b Percent
- 7 +17 -29 +60
d +82 +48
+28 - --
a bSta tes with no opera t ing veneer m i l l s a r e omitted.
C In t e rna t iona l f-inch ru le .
dS ta t e s pa i red t o avoid d i sc lo su re f o r indiv idual m i l l s . Greater than 100 percent increase .
Table 4.-Production of veneer logs in the Northeast, by states and receiving mill classes, 1984
(Mill ion board feet la
Class of receiving veneer mill
State All
Commercial classes and face Container Specialty
Connecticut Delaware Kentucky Maine Maryland Massachusetts New Hampshire New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode Island Vermont West Virginia
All states 152.1 1.3 33.9 187.3
t~nternational &-inch rule. Less than 100,000 board feet.
Table 5.-Receipts of veneer logs in the Northeast, by states and receiving mill classes, 1984
(Million board feetla
Class of receiving veneer mill
State b A 1 1 Commercial Container classes and face and specialty
Kentucky Maine Maryland/Wes t virginiaC New ~am~shire/~ermon tc New Jersey/New yorkC Ohio Pennsylvania
A11 states 114.4 39.4 153.8
aInternational &-inch rule. k3tates with no operating veneer mills are omitted. 'states paired to avoid disclosure for individual mills.
Table 6.-Production and destination of shipment of Northeastern veneer logs, by states, 1984
(In millions of board feetla
State Cut and retained in state
To To other other, Northeastern statesu states
Total production
Connecticut Delaware Kentucky Maine Maryland Massachusetts New Hampshire New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode Island Vermont West Virginia
All states 98.1 89.2 33 0 187.3
a~nternational *-inch rule. b~ncludes shipments to Canada and other states outside the region. '~ess than 100,000 board feet.
T a b l e ? . - E x t r a r e g i o n a l r e c i p i e n t s o f v e n e e r l o g s from t h e N o r t h e a s t , 1984
( M i l l i o n boa rd feet )a
S t a t e o f P r o v i n c e Volume r e c e i v e d
I n d i a n a Michigan M i s s o u r i North C a r o l i n a New Brunswick, Canada O n t a r i o , Canada Quebec, Canada Tennessee V i r g i n i a
A l l s t a t e s and p r o v i n c e s 56.2
a I n t e r n a t i o n a 1 &-inch r u l e ,
T a b l e 8.-Consumption and o r i g i n o f sh ipmen t o f v e n e e r logs f o r t h e N o r t h e a s t , by s tates, 1984
( I n m i l l i o n s o f boa rd feet l a
S t a t e Cut and r e t a i n e d i n s t a t e
In-shipments b
T o t a l To To o t h e r r e c e i p t s
o t h e r Nor theaske rn ( a p p a r e n t statesc s t a t e s consumption )
Kentucky 1 . O Maine 20.8 Maryland/West V i r g i n i a 22.5 New Hampshire/Vermont 10.2 New Jersey/New York 34.5 Ohio 4.6 Pennsy lvan ia 4.5
A l l s t a t e s 98.1 55.7 25.6 153.8
:international &-inch r u l e . In - sh ipmen t s r e p o r t e d t o two s t a t e s a r e t o a v o i d d i s c l o s u r e f o r i n d i v i d u a l mills and i n c l u d e s l o g s s h i p p e d between t h e two states as w e l l as o t h e r states.
cTncludes sh ipmen t s from Canada and o t h e r states o u t s i d e t h e reirfnn.
Tab
le 9
.-D
ispo
siti
on
of
ven
eer
pla
nt
resi
du
es i
n t
he
No
rth
east
by
sta
tes
and
typ
e o
f re
sid
ue
and
use
, 19
84
(In
tho
usan
ds o
f cu
bic
fe
et)
Gla
ss o
f re
sid
ue
New
New
New
P
enns
yl-
Wes
t A
ll
and
typ
e o
f u
se
Mai
ne
Ham
pshi
re
Jers
ey
Yor
k O
hio
van
ia
Vir
gin
ia
sta
tes
-
coar
sea
Fib
er b
83
599
3,34
3 -
- 75
9 4
-
242
- 2,
436
Ind
ust
rial
fu
el
79
759
133
- 33
9 55
83
6 6
1,51
4 16
6 3,
887
Dom
es t
ic f
ue
l -
20
- 90
-
58
100
23
84
9 38
4 A
gri
cult
ura
l an
d o
ther
use
s -
- -
- -
- -
4 5
- -
45
To
tal
used
16
2 1,
378
1,47
6 90
6
1,64
7 53
3 12
3 1,
162
175
6,75
2 T
ota
l un
used
-
- -
- -
- -
45
- -
4 5
~in
e'
Fib
er
- 14
3 -
- -
- -
- -
- 14
3 In
du
stri
al f
ue
l 57
85
9 1,
073
59
4 1,
187
383
111
233
67
4,03
3 -
- -
- -
12
Dom
esti
c fu
el
- -
- -
12
Agr
icul
tura
ld
and
oth
er u
ses
6 1
- -
- -
- 4
11
61 4
6 1
75
1
To
tal
used
11
8 1,
002
1,07
3 5 9
4
1,19
9 38
7
122
847
128
4,93
9 T
ota
l un
used
-
- -
7 -
- -
- -
- 7
Bar
k Ind
ust
rial
fu
el
10
495
535
33
2 51
4 12
9 42
1
44
60
2,24
3 -
- -
- -
10
- -
- -
10
Dom
es t
ic f
uel
A
gri
cult
ura
l an
d 4 9
-
- -
- 73
5
1 17
o
ther
use
s ..
3 19
3
To
tal
used
59
49
5 53
5 33
2
597
180
6 1
42 1
63
2,
446
- -
- -
- 6
13
To
tal
unus
ed
- -
- 19
All
res
idu
es
- -
75
94
- 24
2 -
2,57
9 F
iber
83
74
2 1,
343
1,74
1 92
12
3,
215
85 1
21
0 1,
490
293
10,1
63
Ind
ust
rial
fu
el
146
2,11
3 -
20
- -
80
90
100
23
84
9 40
6 D
omes
tic
fu
el
Ag
ricu
ltu
ral
and
110
- -
- -
73
55
73
614
64
989
oth
er u
ses
To
tal
used
33
9 2,
875
3,08
4 12
3,
443
1,10
0 30
6 2,
430
182
366
14,1
37
- -
6 7
- -
13
45
To
tal
unus
ed
- -
7 1
a bI
n~
l~d
es
ve
neer
co
res
and
trim
min
gs s
uit
ab
le f
or
chip
pin
g.
cInc
lude
s w
oodp
ulp
and
com
posi
te p
rod
uct
s.
dInc
lude
s cl
ipp
ing
, sh
avin
gs,
an
d ro
undi
ng w
aste
un
suit
able
fo
r ch
ipp
ing
*
Incl
ud
es l
ives
tock
bed
ding
and
far
m a
nd h
ort
icu
ltu
ral
mul
ch-
Veneer Plants in the Worthast--1984
Classes of Veneer Plants Commercial or Face
A Container D Specialty
1 . The Freeman Corp . , Winchester 2. Wood Mosaic Corp . , L o u i s v i l l e
Maine:
3 . Diamond Match Co., Oakland 4. F o r s t e r Manufacturing Co., I n c .
( P l a n t s i n E. Wilton and S t rong) 5. Hardwood Produc ts Co., Gui l fo rd 6. Columbia Plywood Corp . , Presque Isle 7. Solon Manufacturing Co., Solon 8. Strong Wood Produc ts Ine . , Strong
Maryland:
9. Chesapeake Plywood I n c . , Poeomoke C i t y
10. Plymouth Manufacturing Co., Plymouth
11. Cal i f o n Basket Co., C a l i f o n
Ekrw Pork:
12. W. J. Cowee Co., B e r l i n 13. Riverside Veneer Co., I n c . , Heuvelton
14. Rutland Plywood Corp. ( P l a n t s i n Bernhards Bay and Tupper
Lake ) 15. Whi teha l l Plywood Corp . , Whiteha l l
Ohio:
16. B e r l i n F r u i t Box Co., B e r l i n Heigh ts f 7 . Dimens ion Veneers, Edon 18. F a i r f i e l d Veneer Co., F a i r f i e l d 19. H a r t z e l l Hardwoods I n e . , Piqua 20. McIn t i re Basket Co., Cres ton 21 . Universa l Veneer, Newark
22. Keystone Veneers I n e . , Wil l iamsport 23. Weyerhaeuser Co.
( P l a n t s i n J e f f e r s o n and New Fseedom)
24. Bradford Veneer and Pane l Co, , Bradford 25. Columbia Plywood Corp . , Newport 26, Rutland Plywood Corp., Rutland
Uest V i r g i n f a :
27. The Dean Co., P r i n c e t o n 28. Era th Veneer Corp . , Martinsburg
Nevel, Robert L. , Jr.; Wharton, E r i c H. 1987. Veneer log production aMi receipts in the Isortheast, 1984-11 periodic asses regional t idber output. NE-RB-98. Broomall, PA: U.S. Department of Agr icul ture , Fo re s t Serv ice , Northeastern Fo res t Experiment S t a t ion. 1 7 p.
Evaluates regional timber output based on a canvass o f t h e veneer p l a n t s i n t h e Northeast and con ta ins s t a t i s t i c s f o r 1984 on the veneer-log production and r e c e i p t s by s t a t e s and spec i e s , 1% shipments between s t a t e s and regions , and t h e d i s p o s i t i o n of manufacturing res idues . Trends i n production and an outlook f o r t h e industry a r e presented along with a list and map o f veneer p l a n t s i n t h e Northeast.
ODC 792:832(74) :721 .I
Keywords: Timber output , veneer logs , Northeast , primary manufacturing res idues .
Headquarters of the Northeastern Forest Experiment Station are in Broomall, Pa. F i laboraturies are maintained at:
a Amherst, hkssuhsetts, in cooperation with the University of Massachusetts.
a Burlington, Vermont, in cooperation with the University of Vermont.
Delaware, Ohm.
ation with the University of New Hampshire.
Hamden, Connecticut, in cooperation with Yale University.
ration with West Virginia University, Morgantown.
Orono, Maine, in cooperation with the University of Maine, Orono.
Parsons, West Virginia.
a Princeton, West Virginia.
a Syracuse, New York, in cooperation with the State University of New York College of Environmental Sciences and Forestry at Syracuse University, Syracuse.
e University Park, Pennsylvania, in cooperation with the Pennsylvania State Univerrrity.
a Warren, Pennsylvania.
Persons of any race, ccdor, national origin, sex, age, religion, or with any handicap- ping conditkm are welcome to use and enjoy all facilities, programs, and services of the USDA. Discrimination in any form is strictly against agency policy, and should be reported to the Secretary of Agriculture, Wwhingon, DC 20250.
*U.S.GOV&RNRNT P R I N T I N G OFFICE:1987-715-076r4FJO21