values formation and you
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VALUES FORMATION AND
YOU
“Education in values means the cultivation of effectivity, leading the educand through exposure to an experience of value and of the valuable.”— R. Aquino
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TO BE MORAL IS TO BE HUMAN. LIVING BY THE RIGHT VALUES HUMANIZES.
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IS THERE SUCH THING AS RIGHT, UNCHANGING AND UNIVERSAL VALUE?
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IDEALIST POINT OF VIEW
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THERE ARE UNCHANGING AND UNIVERSAL VALUES
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TRANSCENDENT VALUES— BEYOND CHANGING TIMES, BEYOND SPACE AND PEOPLE
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THEY REMAIN VALUE EVEN IF NO ONE VALUES THEM.
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RELATIVIST POINT OF VIEW
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THERE ARE NO UNIVERSAL AND UNCHANGING VALUES.
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VALUES ARE DEPENDENT ON TIME AND PLACE.
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VALUES ARE TAUGHT AND CAUGHT
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THE LIVING EXAMPLES OF GOOD MEN AND WOMEN AT HOME, SCHOOL AND SOCIETY HAVE FAR GREATER INFLUENCE ON OUR VALUE FORMATION THAN THOSE WELL-PREPARED LECTURES ON VALUES EXCELLENTLY DELIVERED BY EXPERTS WHO MAY SOUND LIKE “EMPTY GONGS AND CLANGING CYMBALS”
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VALUES HAVE COGNITIVE,
AFFECTIVE, AND
BEHAVIOURAL DIMENSION
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WE MUST UNDERSTAND THE VALUE THAT WE WANT TO ACQUIRE.
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WE NEED TO KNOW WHY WE HAVE TO VALUE SUCH.
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WE NEED TO KNOW HOW TO LIVE BY THAT VALUE.
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VALUES ARE IN THE AFFECTIVE DOMAIN OF OBJECTIVES
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“IT IS NOT ENOUGH TO KNOW WHAT HONESTY IS OR WHY
ONE SHOULD BE HONEST. ONE HAS TO FEEL
SOMETHING TOWARDS HONESTY, AS PREFERABLE TO
DISHONESTY.”-AQUINO (1990)
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VALUES HAVE A BEHAVIOURAL DIMENSION.
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LIVING BY THE VALUES IS THE TRUE ACID TEST IF WE REALLY VALUE A VALUE.
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VALUE FORMATION INCLUDES FORMATION IN THE COGNITIVE,
AFFECTIVE AND
BEHAVIOURAL ASPECT
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VALUES ARE CAUGHT. HELP YOURSELF BY READING THE BIOGRAPHIES OF HEROES, GREAT TEACHERS AND SAINTS, AND OTHER INSPIRATIONAL BOOKS.
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EXAMPLE: DESIDERATA “AVOID LOUD AND AGGRESSIVE PERSONS; THEY ARE VEXATIONS TO THE SPIRIT.”
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VALUE FORMATION IS A TRAINING OF THE INTELLECT AND WILL
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INTELLECT— DISCERNS A VALUE AND PRESENT IT TO THE WILL AS A RIGHT OR WRONG VALUE.
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WILLS TO ACT ON THE RIGHT VALUE AND WILLS
TO AVOID THE WRONG VALUE PRESENTED BY THE
INTELLECT—WILL
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ST. THOMAS AQUINAS:
“THE INTELLECT PROPOSES
AND THE WILL DISPOSES.”
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“NOTHING IS WILLED UNLESS IT IS FIRST KNOWN.”
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DEVELOP YOUR INTELLECT IN ITS THREE FUNCTIONS: FORMATION OF IDEAS, JUDGMENT
AND REASONING.
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HOW CAN YOUR WILL BE TRAINED TO DESIRE STRONGLY THE DESIRABLE AND ACT ON IT?
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WILLIAM KELLY:“TRAINING OF THE WILL MUST BE ESSENTIALLY SELF-TRAINING.”
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“THE HABIT OF
YIELDING TO IMPULSE RESULTS IN
THE ENFEEBLEMENT
OF SELF-CONTROL.”
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“HABITUAL YIELDING TO ANY
VICE, WHILE IT DOES NOT LESSEN MAN’S RESPONSIBILITY, DOES
DIMINISH HIS ABILITY TO
RESIST TEMPTATION.”
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“LIKEWISE, THE MORE FREQUENTLY MAN RESTRAINS IMPULSE… PERSISTS AGAINST TEMPTATION… THE MORE DOES HE INCREASE HIS SELF-CONTROL.
, AND THEREFORE,
HIS FREEDOM.”
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“TO HAVE A STRONG WILL MEANS TO HAVE
CONTROL OF THE WILL, TO BE ABLE TO DIRECT IT DESPITE ALL CONTRARY IMPULSES.”
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VIRTUOUS VERSUS VICIOUS LIFE
AND THEIR EFFECT ON THE WILL
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MAX SCHELER’S HIERARCHY OF VALUES
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PLEASUREVALUES– PLEASANT VS.
UNPLEASANT– AGREEABLE VS. DISAGREEABLE
• SENSUAL FEELINGS
• EXPERIENCES OF PLEASURE AND PAIN
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VITALVALUES
– VALUES PERTAINING TO THE WELL BEING EITHER OF THE INDIVIDUAL OR OF THE COMMUNITY– VALUES OF VITAL FEELING
• HEALTH
• VITALITY
• CAPABILITY
• EXCELLENCE
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SPIRITUALVALUES
– VALUES INDEPENDENT OF THE WHOLE SPHERE OF THE BODY AND OF THE ENVIRONMENT;– GRASPED IN THE SPIRITUAL ACT OF PREFERRING, LOVING AND HATING
• AESTHETIC VALUES
• RIGHT/WRONG
• VALUES OF PURE KNOWLEDGE
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VALUES OF THE HOLY – APPEAR ONLY IN
REGARD TO OBJECTS INTENTIONALLY GIVEN AS “ABSOLUTE OBJECTS”
• BELIEF• ADORA
TION• BLISS
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VALUES CLARIFICATION
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THE TERM VALUE IS RESERVED FOR THOSE INDIVIDUAL BELIEFS, ATTITUDES, AND ACTIVITIES THAT SATISFY THE FOLLOWING CRITERIA:
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1.FREELY CHOSEN
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2. CHOSEN FROM AMONG ALTERNATIVES
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3. CHOSEN FROM DUE REFLECTION
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4. PRIZED AND CHERISHED
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5. PUBLICLY AFFIRMED
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6. INCORPORATED INTO ACTUAL BEHAVIOR
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7. ACTED UPON REPEATEDLY IN ONE’S LIFE
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