vallalar kaatiya gnana neri

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewpts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewpts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewpts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

bghUslf;fk;

1/ Kd;Diu /// 2 2/ mzpe;Jiu /// 7 3/ ,uhkyp';fiug; gw;wp /// 11

3/ rpe;jpf;f ntz;oa rpe;jidfs; /// 17 4/ gpzp /// 20

5/ czt[ /// 23 6/ Fz';fs; /// 30

7/ xGf;fk; /// 33 8/ cwf;fk; /// 47 9/ K:g;g[ /// 51

10/ gak; /// 54 11/ Jd;gk; /// 58

12/ gf;jp /// 61 13/ $PtfhUz;ak; /// 72

14/ rkaj; bja;t';fs; /// 80 15/ rhjid /// 100

16/ jtk; /// 107 17/ tpdh tpil /// 113

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ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

2

Kd;Diu 1

vy;yh $Ptd;fisa[k;tpl mwptpw; rpwe;jtd; kdpjnd/ ,jpy; re;njfkpy;iy/

tpag;g[kpy;iy/ vy;yhj; JiwfspYk; kdpjd; fz;Ls;s rhjidfs; Vuhsk; Vuhsk;/

re;jpu kz;lyj;jpw;nf brd;W jpUk;gp tuf;Toa mstpw;F tp";"hd mwpt[ tsh;e;jpUe;jhYk;. thH;f;ifapy; Vw;gLk;

mDgt';fisf; bfhz;L. kdpj rKjhak; rpy Kot[fis Vw;Wf; bfhz;Ls;sJ/

1/ ahuhapUe;jhYk; vd;whtJ xU ehs;

,we;Jjhd; nghf ntz;Lk;/

2/ thH;tpy; Vw;gLk; Mgj;Jf;fSf;Fk;.

Jd;g';fl;Fk; fhuzk;. ehk; bra;j Kd; tpidna MFk;/

3/ kdpj thH;tpd; Kotpy; mjhtJ

gf;jpa[ld;; g[z;zpaKk; bra;j Md;khf;fs; cliy tpl;Lg; gphpe;j gpd;

mjhtJ kuzj;jpw;Fg; gpd; ,iwtDld; If;fpakhfptpLk;/ kPz;Lk;

gpwg;bgLf;fhJ/

4/ ,e;j epiy miltjw;Fr; rhpia. fphpia. nahfk;. "hdk; vd ehd;F


3

bewpfs; cz;L. mjw;Fhpa gjtpfs;

rhnyhfk;. rhkPgk;. rhU:gk;. rha[r;rpak; vd ehd;F MFk;/

5/ ,iw gf;jpia rl';FfSk;.

tpuj';fSk;. Mya tHpghLfSk;. jpUtpHhf;fSk; tsh;f;Fk;/

6/ kz;zhir. bgz;zhir. bghd;dhir Mfpa K:d;W Mirfisa[k; Jwe;J

fhdfk; brd;W fLe;jtk; bra;jhy; flt[isf; fhzyhk;/

xt;bthU rkaKk; jd;Dila bja;tnk cah;e;jJ ? Mw;wy; kpf;fJ vd;W

nghjpg;gJld; kw;wr; rkaj; bja;t';fisg; bgha;bad;W J}w;Wfpd;wJ/ rkag; g{ry;fSk;

kjr; rz;ilfSk; kype;Jtpl;l ,e;jf; fhyj;jpy; bja;tj;jpd; cz;ik ,Jjhd; vd

ed;F tpsf;ft[k;. khz;L ngha;f; bfhz;oUf;Fk; kdpj rKjhaj;ij kuzj;jpd; gpoapypUe;J kPl;ft[k; ts;syhh; njhd;wpdhh;/

19k; E}w;whz;oy; njhd;wpa jpUtUl;gpufhr ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewpia ed;whf ehk;

czh;e;J bfhs;s ntz;oaJ kpft[k; ,d;wpaikahjJ/


4

jpUtUl;gpufhr ts;syhh; vdg;

nghw;wg;gLk; tlY}h; ,uhkyp';f mofshh;

Koe;j Koghff; Twpa rpy fUj;Jf;fs; :

1/ kuzj;jpw;Fg; gpd; ve;j $PtDk; eufj;jpw;nfh. brhh;f;fj;jpw;nfh bry;yhJ/ nkhl;rk;. Kf;jp vd;gdbty;yhk; ,we;j

gpd; miltJ my;y/ ,e;j clk;gpy; caph; cs;snghnj ,iwtid mwpe;J mila

ntz;Lk;/ mg;goapy;yhky; ,we;J nghdhy; $PtdhdJ ,e;jj; njfj;jpy; bra;j

tpidf;nfw;g mLj;j gpwtp vLj;nj jPUk;/

2/ kuzj;jpw;Ff; fhuzk; m$hf;fpuijna.

fpilj;j ,e;jj; njfj;ijna epj;jpa njfkhf;fpf; bfhs;s ntz;Lk;/

3/ CH;tpidapd; jhf;Fjiy ek;khy;

jLj;Jf; bfhs;s Koa[k;/

kuzkpyhg; bgUthH;it kdpjdhy; mila Koa[k; vd;W Twpa ts;syhh;

Vw;gLj;jpait :-

1/ rkur Rj;j rd;khh;f;f rj;jpa r';fk;

2/ rkur Rj;j rd;khh;f;f rj;jpa jUkr;rhiy


5

3/ rkur Rj;j rd;khh;f;f rj;jpa

"hdrig

ts;syhh; Vw;gLj;jpa rkur Rj;j

rd;khh;f;f rj;jpa r';fkhdJ ,g;nghJ cybf';Fk;; gutp ts;syhhpd; nghjidfis

kf;fs; kj;jpapy;; gug;gp tUfpd;wJ/ jUkr; rhiy bjhl';fpanghJ

$PtfhUz;aj;ij typa[Wj;jpg; nghjpj;jJld; $PtfhUz;a xGf;fk; vd;w E}iya[k; vGjpdhh;/

jhd; bra;j jtj;jpd; gaid jUkr; rhiyapny xU gfypy; mile;njd; vd;W

xU ghlypy; vGjpa[s;shh;/ $PtfhUz;ak; xd;wpdhy; kl;Lnk ,iw mUisg; bgw

Koa[k; vd;W cWjpahff; Twpdhh;/ kuzkpyhg; bgU thH;it mila $PtfhUz;ak; kl;Lnk

nghJkh> jpahdk;. jtk; Kjypadt[k; bra;jhy; jhd; kuzkpyhg; bgUthH;t[ bgw Koa[k;/ jtk;

bra;a[';fhy; Vw;gLk; mDgtnk rj;jpa "hd rigahf btspapy; Vw;gLj;jpdhh;/

rj;jpa "hd rig vd;Ds; fz;ldd; vd;whh; ts;syhh;/ jtk; bra;a[k; Kiwiaa[k;

jtk; bra;nthh; vt;thW thH ntz;Lk; vd;gija[k; mth;fsJ czt[. cwf;fk;. xGf;fk;. Kjypait vt;thW ,Uf;f


6

ntz;Lk; vd;gjida[k; ts;sw; bgUkhdhh;

Twpa[s;sthW bjhFj;J ,e;jg; g[j;jfj;jpy; jug;gl;Ls;sJ/ ,jid ey;y Kiwapy; mr;R

totkhf;fpa (D.T.P.) K.S.S. Rfe;juh$d;

mth;fl;Fk; mr;rpl;L E}yhf;fpa rpth gphpz;lh;!; chpikahsh;; jpU/ jl;rpzhK:h;j;jp

mth;fl;Fk; ed;wp fye;j tzf;f';fs; chpad/

md;g[.

M/rptf;Fkhh; rp';fg;g{h;


7

,uhkyp';f mgak; Jiz

mzpe;Jiu

$Ptd;fspy; Xuwpt[s;s jhtuk; Kjy; Ie;jwpt[s;s kpUf';fs; tiu mit njhd;wpa fhyk; bjhl';fp ,f;fhyk; tiu vt;tpj khw;wKkpd;wp thH;e;J bfhz;oUf;fpd;wd/ kdpjd; kl;Lk; mwptpd; cah;r;rpapdhy; jd; thH;f;ifiaj; jhnd mikj;Jf; bfhs;fpwhd;/ kUj;Jtk;. tp";"hdk;. bghwpapay;. rl;lk;. fzpdp ,g;gog; gy Jiwfspy; mwpt[ tsh;e;J tpl;lJ/ bghUs; ,y;yhh;f;F ,t;t[yfk; ,y;iy vd;w thf;fpw;bfhg;g ,e;jg; gog;bgy;yhk; bghUs; <l;lj;jhd;/ bghUshjhuk; njitjhd;/ Mdhy; bghUshjhuk; kl;Lk; kdpjDf;F xU ey;y thH;tpidj; je;Jtpl KoahJ vd ekJ Kd;ndhh; fz;ldh;/ kdij trg;gLj;jt[k; brk;ikg;gLj;jt[k;. mikjpahd thH;it mikj;Jf; bfhs;st[k; "hd mwpt[ cjtpaJ/ fy;tp mwpt[ ntW "hd mwpt[ ntW/ nfhof;fzf;fhd kf;fspd; md;whl thH;f;if vt;thW cs;sJ> fhiy vl;L kzpf;F nky; jhd; cwf;fk; fiye;J vGtJ/ gy;Tlj; nja;f;fhky; fhg;gp. O mUe;JtJ/ mLj;J bra;jpj;jhs; thrpg;gJ/ gpd;dh; Fspj;Jf; fhiy czt[ Koj;Jg;


8

gzpf;Fr; bry;tJ ? khiy tPL jpUk;gpaJk; bjhiyf;fhl;rpg; bgl;oapd; Kd; cl;fhh;e;J cwf;fk; tUk; tiu jpiug;gl';fs; ghh;g;gJ ? gpd;dh; cz;gJ/ cw';FtJ/ eLj;ju kf;fspd; thH;f;if ,t;thW vd;why; ViH kf;fs; Typ ntiy bra;J mjpy; tUk; brhw;g tUkhdj;ija[k; fs;sr; rhuhak; mUe;jp tPzhfpd;whh;fs;/ jk;ik ek;gpa[s;s kidtp. kf;fSf;Fk; Tlr; rhpahd cznth. cilnah ju ,ayhky; VH;ikapnyna cHy;fpwhh;fs;/ Kothf Vnjh xU fhuzj;jhy; midtUk; khz;L nghfpd;whh;fs;/ ,Jnt ,d;iwa epiy/ ,th;fsJ thH;tpd; ,yl;rpak; vd;d> thH;fpd;wtiu thH ntz;Lk;/ ehs; te;jhy; ngha;r; nru ntz;Lk;/ mt;tst[jhd;/ J}';Ffpd;whh;fs; ? tpHpf;fpd;whh;fs;/ cz;Qqfpd;whh;fs; ? ,dg; bgUf;fk; bra;fpd;whh;fs; ? khz;L nghfpd;whh;fs;/ mwptpw; Fiwe;j gwitfSk; kpUf';fSk; ,ijj;jhnd bra;fpd;wd> ,th;fl;Fk; mitfl;Fk; vd;d ntWghL> ,e;j thH;f;if thH;tjw;F kdpjg; gpwtp njit jhdh> rw;W rpe;jpa[';fs;/ tp";"hdk; tsu tsu Mgj;Jk; Tlnt tsh;e;J tUfpd;wJ/ Mdhy; Md;kPfk; tsu tsu md;g[k; mwpt[k; jat[k; tsUk;/ xU kdpjDf;F mtrpak; njit kd mikjpjhd;/ ,J vy;yhtw;iwa[k;tpl mhpaJ/ ,ij Md;kPfk; xd;nw ju Koa[k;/ tp";"hdk; jUfpd;w rhjidiatpl ek;Kila mUshsh;fs; g[hpe;Js;s rhjidfs; Vuhsk;/ gpwUila nehia ePf;FtJ


9

Kjy; ,we;njhiu vGg;g[fpd;w rhjid tiu mUshsh;fs; epfH;j;jpa[s;shh;fs;/ kdpjd;; ,we;J jhd; nghf ntz;Lkh> ,wthky; thHKoa[k; vd;whh; ts;syhh;/ mJ ek;gf; Toajh> cz;ikah> vd;W kf;fSf;F vLj;Jf; fhl;o midtiua[k; ,wthky; thH itf;f ntz;Lk; vd;w xnu nehf;Fld; rd;khh;f;f r';f';fs; bray;gLfpd;wd/ new;W ,Ue;jhd; ,d;W ,y;iy vDk; bgUika[ilaJ ,t;t[yF vd ts;Stg; bgUe;jif thH;tpd; epiyahikia vLj;Jf; fhl;odhh;/ Mdhy; jpUtUl; gpufhr ts;sw; bgUkhdhnuh mt;thW Twhky; kdpjDf;F kuzk; ve;bje;j fhuz';fshy; tUfpd;wd vd mwpe;J mf;fhuz';fisj; jtph;j;J vg;nghJ nfl;lhYk; ,y;iy vd;W TwhJ Mk; ,Uf;fpwhh; vd;W TWfpd;wthW thH Koa[k; vd;fpwhh;/ fpilj;jw;fhpa khdplg; gpwtp vLj;jtd; ,we;J nghfyhkh vd;w tpdhit vGg;gp. ,wthky; thH Koa[k; vd;W tpilaspj;J. vt;thW thH;e;jhy; ,wthky; thH ,aYk; vd;fpw tHp Kiwfis ts;syhh; fhl;odhh;/ ehk; vd;d bra;a ntz;Lk; vd;gij kf;fSf;F vLj;Jf; fhl;o midtUk; ,wthky; thH ts;syhh; fhl;oa tHp; ,J vdf; fhl;Lk;; g[j;jfk;; ,J/ kuzj;jpw;Ff; fhuzk; gpzp. K:g;g[. gak;. Jd;gk; vd tiuaiw bra;J mtw;iwf; fistjw;Fj; jpUmUl;ghtpypUe;nj Mjhu';fs; fhl;o tpsf;fpapUg;gJ mUik/ K:thirfisa[k; Jwe;J re;epahrk; bgw;Wf; bfhz;L fhdfk;


10

brd;W fLe;jtk; g[hpe;Jjhd; ,iwtidf; fhz ntz;Lk; vd;w giHa epiyia khw;wpf; FLk;gj;jpypUe;J bfhz;nl gf;jp xGf;fk; $PtfhUz;ak; jtk; Mfpatw;iwf; iff;bfhz;nl ,e;jj; J}y njfj;ijna epj;jpa njfkhf;fpf; bfhz;L ek; xt;bthUtuhYk; kuzj;ij bty;y Koa[k; vd;W ts;syhh; tpsf;fpa[s;sij ,g;g[j;jfk; bjspthf;Ffpd;wJ/ nkYk; czt[. cwf;fk;. xGf;fk; Kjypait ve;j epiyapy; ,Uf;f ntz;Lk; vd;gija[k; ts;syhh; Twpa[s;sthnw tpsf;fp ,Ug;gJ mUik/ xt;bthU FLk;gj;jtUk; th';fpg; gadila ntz;Lfpd;nwhk;/

Rgh!;re;jpud; knyrpa _ mfj;jpah; rd;khh;f;f

FUFy ,af;fk;


11

ts;syhiug; gw;wpts;syhiug; gw;wpts;syhiug; gw;wpts;syhiug; gw;wp 1823k; Mz;L mf;nlhgh; khjk; 5k; ehs;

rpjk;guj;ijaLj;j kUJ}h; vd;w fpuhkj;jpy; fpuhkf; fzf;F ghh;j;J te;j ,uhikah

gps;is rpd;dk;ikahh; vd;w jk;gjpfl;F Ie;jhtJ FHe;ijahfj; jpUtUl;gpufhr

ts;syhh; vd;W g[fH;bgw;w ,uhkyp';fh; njhd;wpdhh;/ mth; ve;j Mrphpahplj;Jk; fy;tp gapyhJ ,sikapnyna Kw;Wk; jhnd

czh;e;j "hdpahf tps';fpdhh;/ jdJ xd;gjhk; tajpnyna ,iwtd;; kPJ ghf;fs;

,aw;wpdhh;/; bjhy;fhg;gpak;. ghzpePak; nghd;w ,yf;fz E}y;fisr; rpW tajpnyna

kdg;ghlkhfr; brhy;yf; Toa ehtsj;ij ,uhkyp';fh; bgw;wpUe;jjhf mtuJ jiy khzhf;fh; bjhGt{h; ntyha[j Kjypahh;

mwptpj;Js;shh;/ rpW taJ Kjny ey;y rPhpa xGf;fKilatuhft[k;. $PtfhUz;aj;jpy;

rpwe;jtuha[k;. "hdghDthft[k; tps';fpdhh;/ xd;gjhtJ tajpy; ,iwtdhy;

Ml;bfhs;sg;gl;l mth; gd;dpuz;lhk; tajpnyna jt thH;f;ifapy;; <Lgl;lhh;/

rpWtajpnyna jd; ez;gDld; cyfhiria btWj;Jj; Jwt[ nkw;bfhz;ljha[k;


12

,iwaUshy; mjpypUe;J kPl;fg;gl;ljha[k;

mwptpj;Js;shh;/ 27k; tajpy; K:j;j rnfhjhp cz;zhKiy mk;khspd; kfs; jdf;nfhl;o mk;ikahiuj; jpUkzk; bra;J itj;jhh;fs;/

35k; tajpy; jdJ rnfhjuh; guRuhkg; gps;is mth;fSld; brd;idia tpl;Lg; g[wg;gl;Lf;

fh";rpg[uk;. ghz;or;nrhp. flY}h; tHpahfr; rpjk;guk; mile;jhh;/ m';nf j';fpapUe;j

fhyj;jpy; fU';FHp fpuhkj;J nt';fl bul;oahh; mth;fspd; ntz;LnfhSf;fpz';f fU';FHp te;J mtuJ tPl;oy; 1867k; Mz;L

tiu j';fpdhh;/ m';F j';fpapUe;j fhyj;jpy; jz;zPh; tpl;L tpsf;bfhpj;Jk; jPuhj

neha;fisj; jPh;j;Jk; gy mw;g[j';fis epfH;j;jpdhh;/

kf;fs; ca;a ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhfr; r';fk; xd;wpid 1865k; Mz;L njhw;wpdhh;/

Md;kPfj; Jiwapy; g[j;jUf;Fg; gpd; r';fk; fz;l bgUik ,uhkyp';fUf;F kl;Lnk cz;L/ kdpjh;fs; kdpjh;fshf thH;tjw;Fhpa

xGf;f';fis tiuaiw bra;jhh;/ mth; ghoa ghf;fSf;Fj; jpUtUl;gh vd;W bgahpl;L

Kjy; ehd;F jpUKiwfis 1867k; Mz;L gpg;uthp; khjk; mr;rpl;L btspapl;ldh;/ gpd;dh;;

Ie;jhk; jpUKiwa[k; Mwhk; jpUKiwa[k; btspahapd/ mth; ghoa ghf;fs; Rkhh; Mwhapuj;Jf;Fk; nkw;gl;litahFk;/


13

kdpjh;fspy; khkprk;; cz;gth;fis kpf

td;ikahff; fz;oj;jhh;/ mth;fisg; g[wtpdj;jhh; vd;W xJf;fpdhh;/ g[yhy; cz;zhjth;fis mftpdj;jhh; vd;W

ghuhl;odhh;/ ve;j capiua[k; bfhy;yf; TlhJ vd;whh;/ $PtfhUz;ank bja;t tHpghL vd;W

nghjpj;jth; $PtfhUz;ak; ,y;yhky; bra;fpd;w jtk;. tpujk;. jpahdk; g{i$

Kjypaitbay;yhk; khah $hyk; vd;Wk; gpunah$dkpy;yhj bray;fs; vd;Wk; vLj;Jf; fhl;odhh;/ Mjutw;w ViHfspd;

grpahw;Wjiy kpft[k; tw;g[Wj;jpdhh;/ bgha;ahj tha;ikfns g[fd;wpLjy; ntz;Lk;/ g[fd;wgo

g[fd;wgo g[hpe;jpLjy; ntz;Lk; vd;wth; ts;syhh;/ tlY}h; thrpfs; 80 fhzp epyk;

jhdkhfj; je;jhh;fs;/ me;jg; gue;j btspapy; 1867k; Mz;L nk khjk; 23k; ehs; tlY}hpy;

jUkr; rhiy bjhl';fpdhh;/ jUkr; rhiyf;F mof;fy; ehl;L tpHht[k; jpwg;g[ tpHht[k; xnu ehspy; bra;j bgUika[k;

mtUf;nf cz;L/ 1870k; Mz;L ,uhkyp';f ts;syhh;

tlY}iu tpl;L mUnf ,Uf;Fk; nkl;Lf; Fg;gk; vd;w fpuhkj;jpw;Fg; ngha; tpl;lhh;/

itztf; FUkhh;fs; te;jhy; j';Ftjw;bfd;W jdpahf itf;fg;gl;oUe;j xU Foiria mtUf;Fj; je;jhh;fs;/


14

me;jf; FoYf;Fr; rpj;jp tshfk; vd;W bgah;.

m';fpUe;J bfhz;nl tlY}hpy; "hd rig xd;wpid epWtpdhh;/ 1872k; Mz;L $dthp 25k; ehs; "hdrig jpwf;fg;gl;lJ/ 1872k;

Mz;L Vg;uy; 18k; ehs; xnu ,utpy; 1596 thpfs; bfhz;l mUl;bgU";n$hjp mftiy

vGjpaUspdhh;fs;/ 1873 mf;nlhgh; khjk; 22k; ehs; Kjd;

Kjyhf nkl;Lf; Fg;gj;jpy; rd;khh;f;ff; bfho fl;og; ngUgnjrk; xd;wpid epfH;j;jpdhh;fs;/ 1873 fhh;j;jpif khjk;

bgsh;zkpad;W jhd; cs;ns itj;jpUe;j jpUtpsf;if btspapy;; itj;J mjidj;

jilglhJ Muhjpf;Fk;gof; fl;lisapl;lhh;fs;/ Kothf 1874k; Mz;L $dthp 30k; ehs; ,ut[

12 kzpf;F me;jf; Foirapy; gyh; Kd;dpiyapy; cs;ns EiHe;J cl;fjit

mth; rhj;jp cs;ns jhspl;Lf; bfhz;lhh;/ md;gh;fis nehf;fp btspf; fjitj; jhspl;Lf; bfhs;Sk;gof; fl;lisapl;lhh;/

mg;nghJ mth; TwpajhtJ/ @ehd; cs;ns gj;J gjpide;J jpdk;

,Uf;fg; nghfpnwd;/ ghh;j;J mtek;gpf;if milahjPh;fs;/ xUf;fhy; ghh;f;f neh;e;J

ghh;j;jhy; ahUf;Fk; njhd;whJ btWk; tPlhfj;jhnd ,Uf;Fk;go Mz;lth;


15

bra;tpg;ghh;/ vd;idf; fhl;of; bfhlhh;/@

(ciueil gf;fk; 555) gpd;dh; mth; TwpaJ nghyj; bjd;

Mh;f;fhL khtl;l Ml;rpahsh; jpU/ J.H.

fhh;!;od;. I.C.S., mth;fs; fjitj; jpwe;J ghh;j;jhh;/ me;j miw btw;wiwahf ,Ue;jJ/ murh';f fb!l;ony ,e;jr;

bra;jpia me;j Ml;rpahsh; btspapl;oUf;fpwhh;/

,J mtuJ tuyhw;Wr; RUf;fk;/ ehk; ,';nf ftdpf;f ntz;oaJ xd;W kpf kpf Kf;fpakhdJ vd;dbtdpy;

kw;wth;fSila njfk; nghy ts;syhhpd; njfk; kz;zpy; rkhjp itf;fnth jPapypl;L

vhpf;fnth fpl;lntapy;iy/ mtUila njfkhdJ Rj;j gpuzt "hdnjfkhf

khwpajhy; ,d;Wk; mth; jd; njfj;Jld; ,Ue;J bray;gl;L tUfpd;whh;/ mtuJ

bray;ghl;oid. ,Ug;igg; gyh; ,d;Wk; czh;e;J Mde;jj;Jld; mtiug; gutp thH;j;jp tUfpd;wdh;/

,e;j kuzkpyhg; bgUthH;t[ vd;gJ vd;d> ekJ Kd;ndhh;fs; gpwthik ntz;Lk;

vd;W ,iwtdplk; ntz;odhh;fs;/ ahuhapUe;jhYk; xUtuJ njfkhdJ

kz;zpw;nfh beUg;g[f;nfh ,iuahFkhdhy; me;j njfj;jpy; bra;j tpidf;nfw;g kW


16

gpwtp vLj;nj jPUk; vd;gJ ts;syhh; thf;F/

vdnt gpwthik ntz;Lkhdhy; ,wthik ntz;Lk;/ gpwthikf;F tHp ,wthik vd;W nghjpj;jth; ts;syhh;/ ,wthik bgw;wtUk;

ts;syhnu Mthh;/ ,wthikia mth; vt;thW bgw;whh; vd;gjida[k; ehk; vt;thW bgwyhk;

vd;gjida[k; tps';fpf; bfhs;s ntz;Lk;/


17

rpe;jpf;f ntz;oa rpe;jidfs;

,e;j cyfk; vg;nghJ njhd;wpaJ> vt;thW njhd;wpaJ> ,ijj; njhw;wpaJ ahh;>

,ut[ gfy; vg;go cz;lhfpwJ> $Ptd;fs; vt;thW njhd;wpd> ,Jtiu ehk; v';nf

,Ue;njhk;> ehk; vd;d Mfg; nghfpnwhk;> ehk; ,we;j gpd; ek; epiy vd;d> ehk; ahh;>

ekf;Fs;ns caph; v';nf ,Uf;fpwJ> mJ Vd; ek;ik tpl;Lg; gphpfpwJ> vt;thW gphpfpwJ> Vd; gphpa ntz;Lk;> gphpahky;

itj;Jf; bfhs;s Koahjh> kW gpwtp cz;lh>

ek; Kd;ndhh;fspy; gyh; ,t;thW rpe;jpj;jhh;fs;/ ,e;jr; rpe;jidapd; gyd;

jhd; "hd mwptpd; njhw;wk;/ ,e;jr; rpe;jidahsh;fns "hdpfs;/ ,th;fs; j';fs; cliyg; gytpjkhf Muha;r;rp bra;jhh;fs;/

gy cz;ikfisf; fz;lwpe;jhh;fs;/ gy rhjidfisr; bra;jhh;fs;/ cz;ikiaf;

fz;lwptjw;fhfg; gyh; kidtp. kf;fs;. brhj;J. Rfk; midj;jpida[k; Jwe;J

fhdfk; brd;W fLe;jtk; g[hpe;jhh;fs;/ ,e;j "hdpfs; kf;fSf;F cz;ikia

czh;j;Jthd; ntz;o gy mhpa E}y;fis


18

,aw;wpdhh;fs;/ mit midj;Jk; mwpt[g;

bgl;lf';fshf ek;ik thH;tpf;fpd;wd/ mUshsh;fshy; vGjg; bgw;w ntj';fs;. Mfk';fs;. g[uhz';fs;. ,jpfhr';fs;.

jpUf;Fws;. Mj;jpr;N:o. bfhd;iwnte;jd;. ey;tHp. njthuk;. jpUthrfk;. jpUg;g[fH;

nghd;w gy Mapuf;fzf;fhd ePjp E}y;fSk; gf;jp E}y;fSk; fzf;fpyl';fh/

xsitahh;. jpUts;Sth; nghd;nwhh; kf;fSf;F ePjp E}y;fis tH';fp kf;fis bewpg;gLj;jg; ghLgl;ldh;/

mUshsh;fs; gf;jpia tsh;j;jdh;/ Mya';fs; vGg;gpdh;/ rka';fis

cz;lhf;fpdh;/ flt[isg; gw;wpa[k; mtiu milaf;Toa khh;f;f';fisg; gw;wpa[k;

nghjpj;jdh;/ rl';FfSk; rk;gpujha';fSk; tFf;fg;gl;ld/ ek; Kd;ndhh;fs; kf;fisj;

jpUj;j. ey;tHpg;gLj;j mUk;ghLgl;ldh;/ mUshsh;fs; thpirapy;. 19k; E}w;whz;oy; njhd;wpa jpUtUl;gpufhr

ts;syhh; vd;W nghw;wg;gLk; tlY}h; ,uhkyp';f mofs;/ ,Jtiu

kiwf;fg;gl;oUe;j gy cz;ikfis btspg;gLj;jpaJld; ahUk; Twhj gy

fUj;Jf;fisf; Twpdhh;/ kdpjd; vij ,He;jhYk; caph; thH Koa[k;/ capiuna ,He;J tpl;lhy;> thH;tpd;


19

vy;iy kuzk; jhd;/ capiu tpl nkyhdJ

vJ> ve;j $PtDk; capiutpLtjw;Fr; rk;kjpg;gjpy;iy/ caph; thHnt Mirg;gLk;/ vd;whtJ xU ehs; kuzk; te;nj jPUk;

vd;W mwpe;jpUe;Jk; mjidj; jLf;f tHp njlhky; khz;L nghfyhkh vd;W ts;syhh;

tpdtpdhh;/ me;j kuzj;ij bty;y Koa[kh vd;W Ma;t[ bra;jhh;/ ve;bje;j tHpfspy;

kdpjd; kuzj;ijr; re;jpf;fpwhd; vd;W rpe;jpj;jhh;/ me;j tHpfisbay;yhk; milj;jhh;/ vg;nghJ nfl;lhYk; ,y;iy vd;W

Twhky; Mk; ,Uf;fpd;whh; vd;W TWk;go thH;f;ifia mikj;Jf; bfhz;lhh;.

btw;wpa['; fz;lhh;/

rhkhwidj;Jk; jtph;j;jp';F vdf;nf rhkhwidj;Jk; jtph;j;jp';F vdf;nf rhkhwidj;Jk; jtph;j;jp';F vdf;nf rhkhwidj;Jk; jtph;j;jp';F vdf;nf

MkhW mUspa mUl;bgU";n$hjp MkhW mUspa mUl;bgU";n$hjp MkhW mUspa mUl;bgU";n$hjp MkhW mUspa mUl;bgU";n$hjp (mfty;)

gpzp. K:g;g[. gak;. Jd;gk; Mfpa ehd;Fk; vt;thW kdpjid milfpd;wd ? mtw;iw

vt;thW jLf;f ,aYk;/ ts;syhh; tHpapy; ehKk; Ma;t[ bra;nthk;/


20

gpzpgpzpgpzpgpzp kdpjg; gpwg;ig kpf kpf cah;e;j gpwg;ghfg; ngrp tUfpd;nwhk;/ fy;tp; mwpt[

bgwf;Toa xnu $Ptd; kdpjd; jhd;/ vt;tst[jhd; cah;e;j epiyapy; thH;e;jhYk;

gpzpf;F Mshfhj kdpjnd ,y;iy vdyhk;/ bghpa gzf;fhud;. trjp kpf;ftd;/

bry;tk; Vuhskhf ,Ue;Jk; xd;Wk; rhg;gpl Koahky; nfhJikf; f";rp Fof;fpwhd;/ new;W tiu ed;whf ,Ue;jhnu vd;d

Mapw;W vd;why; vjph;ghuhky; khuilg;g[ Vw;gl;Ltpl;lJ khz;L nghdhh; vd;fpwhh;fs;/

jiyRw;wy; ? kaf;fk; ? nfl;lhy; ,uj;j mGj;j neha; vd;fpwhh;fs;/ if fhy;

RthjPdkpHe;J ghhpr nehahy; thLnthh; vz;zpf;if fzf;fpyl';fh/ kdpjdpd; kuzj;jpw;F Vnjh xU gpzp

fhuzkha; mikfpd;wJ/ fha;r;ry;. mk;ik. fhkhiy. the;jpngjp. ,uj;j mGj;jk;.

rf;fiu tpahjp. ghhpr tha[. khuilg;g[ nghd;w gytpjkhd neha;fspy; Vnjh xd;W

kuzj;jpw;Ff; fhuzkhfpd;wJ/ rpfbul; g[ifapiy nghd;wtw;why;

Fzg;gLj;j kUe;nj ,y;yhj g[w;W neha; tUfpwJ/ yl;rf; fzf;fhndhh; ,e;j nehahy;


21

khz;L nghfpd;whh;fs;/ caph; thH rpfbul;.

g[ifapiy. Kjypait mtrpakh ? rpe;jpj;Jg; ghU';fs;/ tPz; bryt[ kl;Lky;y ? bgUk; Mgj;ij my;yth tpiy bfhLj;J

th';Ffpnwhk;/ Kot[ ek; capiu ,Hf;fpd;nwhk;/ njit jhdh>

kJ mUe;Jjy; mJ nky;ehl;Lr; ruf;fha; ,Ue;jhYk; fs;sr; rhuhakha;

,Ue;jhYk; fy;yPuiyg; ghjpj;J kuzj;ij tpistpf;fpwJ/ FLk;gKk; rPuHpfpwJ ? ,J njitjhdh/

bfhGg;g[ rj;J mjpfKs;s cztpdhYk; mjpf nfhgk; Kjypa Fz';fshYk; ,uj;j

mGj;j neha; cz;lhfpwJ ? ,jd; bjhlh;ghf ghhpr tpahjpa[k;. khuilg;g[;

nghd;wita[k; Vw;gLfpd;wd/ gf;Ftkhd cztpdhYk; rhe;j Fzj;jpdhYk;

,e;neha;fis Kw;wpYk; jtph;f;fyhnk/ khuilg;g[. ghhpr tha[ nghd;w ga';fukhd neha;fl;F Kf;fpa fhuzk; khkpr

czt[/ ,ij xHpj;Jtpl;lhy; ,e;j neha;fisa[k; xHpj;J tplyhnk/

ekJ K:jhijah; Myak; brd;W tyk; tUk;goa[k; etf;fpufj;ij 108 Kiw Rw;wp

tUkhWk; gzpj;jhh;fs;/ ,ja neha; tuhky; ,Ue;jJ/ jw;bghGJ ,ja neha; te;j gpwF xU ehisf;F xU kzp neukhtJ lhf;lh;


22

elf;fr; brhy;fpwhh;/ kf;fs; $hf;fp'; ngha;

tUfpd;whh;fs;/ ekJ Kd;ndhh; tUKd; fhj;jhh;fs;/ guk;giuahf tUk; tpahjpfSk; cz;L ?

gHf;f tHf;fj;jpdhy; tUk; tpahjpfSk; cz;L ? Fzf;nfLfshYk; tpahjpfs;

tUfpd;wd/ cz;Qqk; cztpd; mgf;Ft epiyahYk; gpzpfs; tUfpd;wd/ kuzj;ijj;

jtph;f;f ntz;Lkhdhy; gpzpfisj; jtph;f;f ntz;Lk;/ @nehaw;w thH;tpy; ehd; thH ntz;Lk;@ vd;W bja;tkzp khiyapy;

ts;syhh; ghLthh;/ mjw;F xnu tHp ehk; vr;rhpf;ifahf ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;/ mt;thW

,Ue;jhy; neha;fisj; jtph;f;f Koa[k;/ ek;Kila bgUkhdhh; Twpa[s;s

mwpt[iufisg; goj;J mt;thW ele;jhy; gpzpfisj; jtph;j;J thHyhk;/

mg;go vr;rhpf;ifahf ,Ue;jhYk; rpy gpzpfs; thuhky; ,uh/ mf;fhy';fspy; vd;d bra;a ntz;Lk;/ kuzkpyhg; bgU thH;t[

bgw;w ts;sw; bgUkhdhh; bgaiur; brhd;dhy; gpzpfs; gwe;njhog; nghFk;/ Mjhuk; thuhj ty;tpid neha; te;jhYk; td;ikbahL nruhj ghtbky;yhk; nrh;ejhYk; jPuhbjd;W Mh; brhd;dhh; v';fs; mUl;gpufhrg; bgUkhd; ngh; brhd;dhy; nghnk gpzp


23

,J moath; thf;F ? ts;syhh; ngh; brhy;nthk; gpzp eP';fp; thH;nthk; tsh;nthk;/

czt[czt[czt[czt[: ruhrhp 2400 fnyhhp btg;gk; xU ehisf;F xU kdpjDf;Fj; njitg;gLtjhf

tp";"hdk; TWfpd;wJ/ ehk; czt[ cz;Qqfpd;nwhk;/ ek;

clypYs;s cWg;g[fs; me;j czit $Puzpj;J mjpypUe;J rf;jpia vLj;Jf;

bfhz;L rf;ifia btspnaw;Wfpd;wd/ g{kpapy; gpwe;jJ Kjy; ,wf;fpd;w tiu ,e;j

clYf;F czt[ mtrpak; njitg;gLfpd;wJ/ ehk; ve;j ntiy bra;jhYk; me;j ntiyf;F Vw;g ek; clypYs;s rf;jp

brytHpfpd;wJ/ me;j ,Hg;ig <L bra;tJ ehk; cz;Qqk; cznt/

thj gpj;j rpnyj;Jkk; ekJ clypy; ve;j mstpw;F ,Uf;f ntz;Lnkh me;j

mstpy; mij itj;jpUf;f ntz;Lk;/ me;j K:d;wpy; vJ TodhYk; Fiwe;jhYk; neha; bra;a[k; vd;W kUj;Jth;fs; TWfpd;wdh;/

,e;j K:d;wpida[k; mjpfhpf;fr; bra;tJk; Fiwar; bra;tJk; czt[jhd;/; ,Jjhd;

cz;ik/ vdnt ehk; cz;Qqtjpy; fhl;Lk; Mh;tk; vt;tsnth mt;tst[ ftdk; cztpy;

brYj;j ntz;Lk;/


24

ahh; xUth; Kd; cz;l czt[ ed;whfr;

rPuzkhfptpl;lJ vd;W mwpe;J mjd; gpd; cz;Qqfpd;whnuh mth; clYf;F ve;j kUe;Jk; njitg;glhJ vd;fpd;whh;

jpUts;Sth;/

@kUe;bjd ntz;lhthk; ahf;iff;F mUe;jpaJ mw;wJ nghw;wp czpd; @

gpwe;jJ Kjy; ,wg;gJ tiu czt[ njitg;gLfpd;wJ/ gj;jpy; xd;gJ g';F

Ma[s; ec;&lk; cztpdhy; Vw;gLfpd;wJ vd;fpwhh; ts;syhh;/ cz;Qqtjpy; Mh;tk;

mjpfk;/ ehk; cz;Qqk; czt[ ey;y czth; mjdhy; clk;g[f;F VnjDk; nfLz;lh vd;bwy;yhk; rpe;jpg;gjpy;iy/ Ritia kl;Lk;

njLfpd;nwhk;/ cztpy; ehk; vr;rhpf;ifahf ,y;yhky; m$hf;fpuijahf ,Ug;gjhy; gytpj

neha;fSf;F Mshfpnwhk;/ ehk; ve;j czit. vg;nghJ vt;tst[ cz;gJ vd ts;syhh;

vGjpa[s;shh;/ czitg; gw;wpa ts;syhhpd; mwpt[iuia Vw;W mjd;go ele;J gpzpiaj; jtph;g;nghkhf/

1/ fhiyapy; vGe;jt[ld; fhgp my;yJ O Fof;fpnwhk;/ mijj; jtph;f;f

ntz;Lk;/ mjw;Fg; gjpyhf @bghw;wiyf; ifahe;jfiu my;yJ fhpryh';fz;zp ,iy


25

xU g';F. J}Jis ,iy. KRKRf;if

,iy fhy; g';F. rPufk; fhy; g';F ,itfis xd;whfr; nrh;j;Jr; N:uzkhfr; bra;J bfhz;L mjpy; xU tuhfd; vil

(xU nlgps; !;g{d;) xU nrh; (400 kp/yp/) ey;y $yj;jpy; nghl;L mjDld; xU nrh; gRtpd;

ghy; tpl;Lf; fye;J mjpYs;s xU nrh; $yKk; Rz;lf; fha;r;rp me;jg; ghypy; ehl;Lr;

rh;f;fiu fye;J rhg;gply; ntz;Lk;/ (ciueil gf;fk; 334) 2/ grp fz;lt[ld; jil bra;ahky;

Mfhuk; bfhLj;jy; ntz;Lk;/ Mfhuk; bfhLf;Fk;nghJ kpFe;j MyrpaKkhfhJ

kpFe;j jPtpuKkhfhJ/ Kjw;gl;rk; rPufr; rk;gh mhprp md;wpg; g[d;bra; tpist[k; fhuhprpa[k;

jtpu nehpl;l mhprpapd; tiffs; MFk;/ mJ nrhwhFk;nghJ mjpf befpH;r;rpa[k; MfhJ

mjpff; fodKk; MfhJ/ eLj;jukhfpa nrhw;iw mf;fpdp mst[f;F mjpfg;glhkYk;. Fiwt[glhkYk;. mwpe;J cz;Qqjy; ntz;Lk;/

MapDk; xU gpo Fiwe;j gl;rnk ed;ik/ ngh$dk; bra;j gpd;dh; ey;y ePh; Foj;jy;

ntz;Lk;/ me;j ey;y ePUk; bte;ePuhjy; ntz;Lk;/ mJt[k; mjpfkhff; FoahjpUj;jy;

ntz;Lk;/ 3/ fpH';F tiffs; cz;zhky; ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;/ mtw;wpy; fUizf; fpH';F


26

khj;jpuk; bfhs;Sjy; TLk;/ gH tiffs;

cz;zhjpUj;jy; ntz;Lk;/ mtw;wpy; ngad; thiHg; gHk;. u!;jhsp thiHg; gHk; ,it neh;e;jhy; rpwpJ bfhs;st[k; TLk;/ giHa

fwpfisf; bfhs;shjpUj;jy; ntz;Lk;/ gjhh;j;j';fspy; g[sp. kpsfha; rpwpnj nrh;j;jy;

ntz;Lk;/ kpsF. rPufk; mjpfkhfr; nrh;j;jy; ntz;Lk;/ fLF nrh;g;gJ mtrpaky;y/ cg;g[

Fiwthfnt nrh;j;Jf; bfhs;sy; ntz;Lk;/ md;wp ve;j tifapYk; cg;g[ kpFjpahff; bfhs;shky; cghakhff; bfhs;StJ njfk;

ePog;gjw;F VJthk;/ jhspg;gpy; gR btz;bza; nehpl;lhy; jhspf;f ntz;Lk;/ neuhj gT&j;jpy;

ey;byz;bza; rpwpJ nrh;f;ft[';TLk;/ fj;jphpf;fha;. thiHf;fha;. mtiuf;fha;.

KU';iff;fha;. gPh;f;f';fha;. fypahzg; g{Rizf;fha;. g[ly';fha;. J}Js';fha;.

bfhj;jtu';fha; ,itfisg; gjhh;j;jk; bra;jy;TLk;/ til. mjpurk;. njhir. nkhjfk; Kjypa mg;gth;f;f';fs;

bfhs;sg;glhJ/ Vf njrj;jpy; rpwpJ bfhs;st[';TLk;/ rh;f;fiug; bgh';fy;.

jjpnahjdk;. g[spr; rhjk; Kjypa rpj;jpuhd;d';fs; bfhs;sg;glhJ/ Vf njrj;jpy;

rpwpJ bfhs;syhk;/ fhprpyh';fz;zpf; fPiu. J}Jtisf; fPiu. Kd;idf; fPiu. griyf; fPiu. KU';iff; fPiu ,itfisg;


27

gUg;nghL nrh;j;Jk; kpsnfhL nrh;j;Jk;.

g[spapl;Lk;. jdpj;Jk; fwp bra;J bfhs;st[';TLk;/ g[spj;j japh; nrh;j;jy; TLk;/ gUg;g[ tiffspy; Kisfl;lhj

Jtuk;gUg;g[ my;yJ Kis fl;od Jtuk; gUg;g[ kpsF nrh;j;Jf; filjy;. Jtl;ly;.

Jitay; bra;jy;. FHk;gply;. ntbwhd;wpy; Tl;ly; Kjypathfr; bra;J bfhs;st[';TLk;/

ve;j ngh$dj;jpYk; g[yhy; ve;j tifapYk; g[rpf;fg;glhJ/ ,utpy; japh;. fPiu. tha[thd gjhh;j;jk;.

Fsph;r;rpahd gjhh;j;jk; nrh;f;fg;glhJ/ N:lhd gjhh;j;j';fisna mwpe;J nrh;j;jy; ntz;Lk;/

(ciueil gf;fk; 333?338) gH";nrhW. gH';fwp. vUikg;ghy;.

vUikj;japh;. nkhh;. bea;. brk;kwpg;ghy;. japh;. nkhh;. bea;. nfH;tuF. tuF. jpid. rhik.

gUg;g[ tif. mjpurk;. mg;gk;. Rfpak;. Kjypa rpw;Wz;o. japh;r;nrhW. g[spr;nrhW Kjypa rpj;jpuhd;dk;. fhuupr;nrhW. Kisf;fPiu.

mfj;jpf;fPiu. Kd;id Kjyhd ,iyf;fwp. Riu. g{Riz. gw';fp. gPh;f;F. g[ly;. ghfy;.

fLF. g[yhy;. khkprk;Kjypa tpyf;Ffis ePf;fp tpjpj;jitfis mDrhpj;jy;/

(ciueil gf;fk; 341) tpUg;ghy; VwhkYk; btWg;ghy; FiwahkYk; juhR Kidnghy; mstwpe;J


28

me;j mstpd;go mjpf tpiut[k; mjpf

jhkjKkpy;yhjgo rkkhfg; g[rpj;jy;/ (ciueil gf;fk; 343) $Pth;fl;F the;jp. ngjp. khuilg;g[

Kjypatw;why; nehpLk; Jh; kuz';fs; Mfhuf; FiwthYk;. kpFjpahYk; mf;fpuk

mjpf;fpukj;jhYk; bghUe;jyhYk; ,it nghd;w gy;tiff; bfLjpahYk;

cz;lhfpd;wd/ ,J ts;syhh; thf;F (ciueil gf;fk; 424) bea;. ghy;. japh;. nkhh; ,itfis

Mfhuj;jpy; tpnrc&k; nrh;g;gJ njf ec;&lk;/ $yj;ij 5y; 3. my;yJ 5y; 2 ghfk;

epw;ff; fha;r;rp. rh;f;fiu. bty;yk;; ,itfisr; nrh;j;Jf; Fof;fyhk;/ ,itfs;

njf tpUj;jp bra;a[k;/ Rj;j rd;khh;f;f kugpw;FhpaJ ,dpg;g[j;jhd;/ Mjyhy; njd;.

rh;f;fiu. bty;yk;. fw;fz;L ,itfis Mfhuj;jpy; nrh;j;Jf; bfhs;tJ cj;jkk;/ njf ec;&lk; bra;tJ cg;g[/ cg;igf;

fl;o Mfhuj;jpy; nrh;g;gJ rpj;j khh;f;fk;/ rh;f;fiu ve;jf; fhyj;jpYk; g[Gf;fhJ.

Mjypd; cj;jk Mfhukhk;/ kw;w t!;j;Jf;fs; vy;yhk; g[Gf;Fk;/ (ciueil gf;fk; 430)/

rhjk;toj;Jr; rhg;gpLjy; eykh. bgh';fpr; rhg;gpLjy; eykh vdpy; toj;Jr; rhg;gpLtJ mjpYs;s vz;bza; ngha;


29

tpLtjhy; eyk;/ bgh';Ftjpy; vz;bza;

nghfhJ/ jhkr Fzk; cz;lhFk;/ ,Jnghynt cg;g[. g[sp. kpsfha; Kjypa t!;Jf;fspd; vz;bza; nghfr; Rl itj;Jr; rhg;gpLjy;

ntz;Lk;/ (ciueil gf;fk; 431) fhprhiyia jpde;njhWk; gr;irahf

thtJ. rikay; bra;jy; Kjypa tifahyhtJ rhg;gpl;L tu ntz;Lk;/ gpujk

cs;Slk;ig ePof;fg; gz;Qqk;/ vt;tpjj; je;jpuj;jhyhtJ jpdk; jpdk; cl;bfhz;lhy;. njff; bfLjpahfpa mrf;jk; eP';fp. njfk;

tYt[s;sjha; beL ehisf;F ,Uf;Fk; Kf;jp miltjw;Fr; rfhakha[kpUf;Fk; (ciueil

gf;fk; 432)/ Ritapd; kPJ Mh;tk; fhl;Ltijtpl

ve;j czit. ve;j neuj;jpy;. ve;j mst[. ve;j tifapy; cz;z ntz;Lk; vd;gjpy;

kpFe;j mf;fiu fhl;o Mnuhf;akhd thH;t[ thH ek; ts;sw; bgUe;jif gzpj;Js;sthW cz;Qqnthnkahdhy; gpzpfisj; jtph;f;fyhk;/

Ma[isa[k; tsh;f;fyhk;/ nehaw;w thH;t[ thHyhk;/


30

Fz';fs;Fz';fs;Fz';fs;Fz';fs; gpwtpf; Fzk; vd;gJ ,ay;ghfnt gpwtpapnyna mikfpd;wJ/ ,jw;F Kw;gpwg;gpy;

bra;j tpidfns fhuzk; Mfpd;wd/ @xU jha; je;ijf;F xU fhyj;jpy; ,ul;ilg; gps;isfs; gpwf;fpd;wd/ mtw;Ws;

xU gps;is rpte;jJ/ xU gps;is fWj;jJ/ xU gps;is m';fg;; gGJs;sJ/ xU gps;is

m';fg; gGjpy;yhjJ/ ,e;j ,ul;ilg; gps;isfSf;F K:d;W tajpy; jpd;gz;l';fs;;

itj;Jj; jpd;Dfpd;w jUzj;jpy; ,t;tpuz;L gps;isfs; jtpu. ntW gps;is xd;W te;jhy;

mijf; fz;L ,t;tpUthpy; xU gps;is jd; ifapypUf;fpd;w jpd;gz;lj;ijf; bfhLf; fpd;wJ/ kw;bwhU gps;is bfhLf;fg;glh

bjd;W jLf;fpd;wJ/ ,e;jg; gps;isfSf;Fj; jia. md;g[. mwpt[. bra;if Kjypaitfs;

jha; je;ijah;fs; fw;gpf;fhj fhyj;jpy; jhnd cs;sjhft[k;. ,y;yhjjhft[k; vg;go

te;jJ vd;W tprhhpf;fj; bjhl';fpy; ,e;j ,uz;L gps;isfSf;Fk; Kw;gpwg;gpy; vLj;j njfj;jpypUe;j thrid ,e;jg; gpwg;gpy;

,e;jj; njfj;jpy; fw;gpahky; te;jbjd;Wk;


31

mDgtj;jhy; fUjpawpa ntz;Lk;/ (ciueil

gf;fk; 148) Fz';fs; ey;y Fzk;. bfl;l Fzk; vd ,U tifg;gLk;/

fhkk;. Fnuhjk;. nyhgk;. nkhfk;. kjk;. khr;rh;ak; nghd;wit jPa Fz';fs;/ ,tw;iw

ePf;Fjy; kpf kpf mtrpak;/ xU t!;Jtpdplj;jpy; gw;Wjy; mth/

mij mDgtpf;f ntz;Lk; vd vGe;jJ Mir/ mjd; kakhjy; fhkk;/ mijj; jd; trg;gLj;j vGtJ nkhfk;/ ve;j

t!;Jtpdplj;jpYk; nkhfkhjpfspd;wp mth kakha; epw;wy; ntz;Lk;/ rd;khh;f;fj;jpy;

mtht[k; Vfnjrk; TlhJ/(ciueil gf;fk; 396)

nfhgj;jpd; gpd; tpisnt Fnuhjk; MFk;/ rpdk; btFsp vd ,uz;lhff; nfhgk;

gphpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ/ rpdk; vd;gJ ahJ> cs;ntf;fhL/ g[lepahak;nghy;/ ,J njfj;ijr; rPf;fpuk; ec;&lk; gz;Qqk;/ btFsp vd;gJ

kPir Joj;jy;. fz; rptj;jy;. if Kjypa cWg;g[f;fs;; Joj;jy;. tha; FHwp nky;tpGe;J

Tt[jy; Kjypad/ ,J Ma[is ec;&lk; gz;Qqk;/ Mifahy; vt;tifapDk;

nfhgj;jpd; g{h;nthj;jukhfpa rpdk; btFsp vDk; Tw;iw xHpj;jy; mtrpak;/ (ciueil gf;fk; 371)


32

,e;jj; jPa Fz';fs; kdpj clypy;

uj;j mGj;j neha; Vw;glf; fhuzkhfpd;wd/ ,e;j neha; Vw;gl;lhy; fz; ghh;it ,Hg;g[. if fhy;fs; brayw;Wg; nghjy;. ghhpr tha[

mfhy kuzj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk; khuilg;g[ nghd;w ga';fu tpist[fs; Vw;gLk;/

fs;. fhkk;. bfhiy. fst[. bgha; ,t;ite;Jk; bfhoa Jf;fj;ij cz;L

gz;Qqk;/ ,t;ite;jpYk; bfhiy tpnrc& ghtk;/ vdpDk; fs; cz;ltDf;Ff; fhkk; cz;lhfhkypuhJ/ bfhiy bra;aj; Jzpt[

tuhkypuhJ/ fst[ bra;ahkypuhd;/ bgha; ngr m";rhd;/ Mifahy; ,e;j Ie;ija[k; xHpf;f

ntz;oaJ mtrpak;/ ,jpy; xd;wpid mile;jtd; MdhYk; mtid kw;wit

bjhluhkypuh/ (ciueil gf;fk; 397) jPa Fz';fis xHpj;J ew;Fz';

fisf; filg;gpof;f ntz;Lk;/ ehk; filg; gpof;f ntz;oa ew;Fz';fs; midj;jpida[k; xGf;f';fshf tiuaiw bra;fpwhh; ts;syhh;/


33

xGf;fk;xGf;fk;xGf;fk;xGf;fk; cyfj;jpdplj;nj bgWjw;F kpft[k;

mUikahfpa kdpj njfj;ijg; bgw;w ez;gh;fs; midtUk; ehKk; mwpa

ntz;LtJk; xGf ntz;LtJk; ahbjdpy; :- @Rj;j rd;khh;f;fj;jpd; mUk; g[Uc&hh;j;j';fspd; bgUk; gad;fshfpa

vf;fhyj;Jk; ehrk; milahj Rj;jk; my;yJ Rth;z njfk;. gpuzt njfk;. "hd njfk; vd;Dk; rhfhf; fyhDgt brhU:g rpj;jpj;

njf';fSk;. jd; Rje;juj;jhy; jj;Jt';fs; vy;yhtw;iwa[k; elj;Jfpd;w jdpg; bgU

ty;ygKk;. flt[s; xUtnu vd;W mwpfpd;w cz;ik "hdKk;. fUk rpj;jp. nahf rpj;jp.

"hd rpj;jp Kjypa vy;yhr; rpj;jpfSk; bgWfpd;w mUl;ngWk; bgw;W thH;fpd;w

nghpd;g rpj;jpg; bgU thH;it miltjw;fhd Rj;j rd;khh;f;fj; jdpg; bgU bewpiag; gw;Wtjw;Fhpa cz;ik xGf;f';fspy; ehk;

vy;ytUk; jdpj;jdp xGf ntz;oaJ mtrpakhfypd; mt;bthGf;f';fs; ,itbad

czu ntz;LtJ ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;/


34

rd;khh;f;fg; bgUbewpapd; xGf;f';fs;rd;khh;f;fg; bgUbewpapd; xGf;f';fs;rd;khh;f;fg; bgUbewpapd; xGf;f';fs;rd;khh;f;fg; bgUbewpapd; xGf;f';fs;: 1/ ,e;jphpa xGf;fk; 2/ fuz xGf;fk; 3/ $Pt xGf;fk;

4/ Md;k xGf;fk;

,e;jphpa xGf;fk;,e;jphpa xGf;fk;,e;jphpa xGf;fk;,e;jphpa xGf;fk;: i) "hnde;jphpa xGf;fk; : 1/ ehj Kjypa njhj;jpu';fis cw;Wf;

nfl;ly; ? kw;wit nfshjpUj;jy;/ bfhL";brhy; Kjypait brtp g[fhky;

epw;wy;/ 2/ mRj;j';fisj; jPz;lhjpUj;jy;

3/ bfhL:ukhfg; ghuhjpUj;jy; 4/ Urpapd; kPJ tpUg;gkpd;wp ,Uj;jy; 5/ Rfe;jk; tpUk;ghjpUj;jy;

ii) fUnke;jphpa xGf;fk; : 1/ ,dpa thh;j;ijahLjy; 2/ bgha; brhy;yhjpUj;jy;

3/ $Pt,k;i! nehpL';fhy; vt;tpjj; je;jpuj;jhyhtJ jil bra;jy;

4/ bghpnahhplj;jpy; bry;Yjy; vd;why; rhJf;fsplk; ghpr;rak; gz;Qqjy;


35

5/ caph;f;F cgfhpf;Fk; epkpj;jk;

r";rhpj;jy; 6/ caph;f;F cgfhu epkpj;jk; ifahy; cgfhpj;jy;

7/ ky$y cghijfs; mst[ kPwhkYk; fpukk; FiwahkYk; msitg;nghy;

je;jpu Xc&jpfshYk;. Mfhug; gf;Ftj;jhYk;. gt[jpfg; gf;Ftj;jhYk;

bra;tpj;jy;/

fuz xGf;fk;fuz xGf;fk;fuz xGf;fk;fuz xGf;fk;: 1/ rpw;rigapd;fz; kdijr; brYj;JtJ/

jtpu kw;bwe;j tif Mghrj;jpYk; brYj;jhky; ,Gj;J nkw;Fwpj;j

,lj;jpy; epWj;jy;/ 2/ gpwh; Fw;wk; tprhhpahjpUj;jy; 3/ jd;id kjpahjpUj;jy;

4/ braw;iff; Fz';fshy; cz;lhfpa bfLjpfis ePf;fp ,aw;ifahfpa

rj;Jt kakhapUj;jy; 5/ gpwh; nky; nfhgpahjpUj;jy;

6/ jdJ rj;JUf;fshfpa jj;Jt';fis nfhgpj;jy;

7/ mf;fpuk mjpf;fpukg; g[zh;r;rp bra;ah

jpUj;jy;

$Pt xGf;fk;$Pt xGf;fk;$Pt xGf;fk;$Pt xGf;fk; :


36

vy;yh kdpjhplj;Jk; $hjp. rkak;. Fyk;.

nfhj;jpuk;. N:j;jpuk;. rhj;jpuk;. njrk;. khh;f;fk;. cah;t[. jhH;t[. Kjypa ngjkw;Wj; jhdhf epw;wy;/

Md;k xGf;fk;Md;k xGf;fk;Md;k xGf;fk;Md;k xGf;fk; :

vz;gj;J ehd;F E}whapuk; nahdp ngj';fsplj;Jk; cs;s Md;khf;fsplj;Jk;

,u';fp Md;khnt rigahft[k;. mjd; cs;bshspna gjpahft[k; fz;L fye;J g{uzkhf epw;wy;/

,e;j ehd;F xGf;f';fs; jtpu nkYk; iff;bfhs;s ntz;oait/

1/ ,le;jdpj;jpUj;jy; 2/ ,r;irapd;wp; Efh;jy;

3/ bja;tk; guhty; 4/ gpwt[aph;f;fpu';fy;

5/ bgU';Fzk; gw;wy; 6/ ghog; gzpjy; 7/ gf;jp bra;jpUj;jy; 8/ bghd; tpc&a ,r;ir. bgz; tpc&a ,r;ir. kz; tpc&a ,r;ir Kjypa vt;tpc&a ,r;irfspYk; ekJ mwpit Xh; mQqj; Jiza[k; gw;Wtpf;fhky; ,Uj;jy;/

9/ ey;ywpt[ 10/ flt[s; gf;jp 11/ caphpuf;fk;

12/ bghJ nehf;fk;


37

13/ jphpfuz mlf;fk;

14/ cz;ik ciuj;jy; 15/ ,d; brhy;yhly; 16/ caph;f;Fgfhpj;jy;

,t;tsita[k; rd;khh;f;f r';fk; rhh;e;jhh; bfhs;s ntz;oa xGf;f';fshf ek;

bgUkhdhh; tiuaiw bra;fpd;whh;/ Md;khf;fs; gpwtp vLf;Fk; Kd;dnkna

gf;Ftk;. gf;Fth gf;Ftk;. mgf;Ftk; vd K:d;W tpjkhf mUl; rf;jpahy; gphpf;fg;gl;L tpl;ld/ kdpjhpYk; ,t;thW K:d;W tif

cz;L/

mgf;Fth;fs; : ,uf;fkw;w muf;f

Fzk; gilj;jth;fs; nkhf khe;jUk; Mth;/

gf;Fth gf;Fth; : eLj;ju kdpjh; kdjpny jPa vz;z';fs; vGe;

jhYk; g[wj;nj ey;ytuhf ,Uf;fnt tpUk;g[gth;/

gf;Ft Md;khf;fisj; jpUj;j ntz;oa mtrpakpy;iy/ mgf;Ft Md;khf;fisj;

jpUj;jnt KoahJ/

,J ey;yJ. ,J bfl;lJ vd;W czh;e;J bfhz;L ey;ytuhfg; gpwh;


38

vz;Qqk;go elf;f Kaw;rpg;gth;fns gf;Fth

gf;Ftpfs;/ mjhtJ eLj;ju kdpjh;/ ,e;j eLj;ju kdpjh;fisj; jpUj;jnt jhd; te;jjhf ts;syhh; TWfpd;whh;/

mfj;nj fWj;Jg; g[wj;J btSj;jpUe;j mfj;nj fWj;Jg; g[wj;J btSj;jpUe;j mfj;nj fWj;Jg; g[wj;J btSj;jpUe;j mfj;nj fWj;Jg; g[wj;J btSj;jpUe;j

cyfuidtiua[k;cyfuidtiua[k;cyfuidtiua[k;cyfuidtiua[k;

rfj;nj jpUj;jpr; rd;khh;f;f r';fj;J rfj;nj jpUj;jpr; rd;khh;f;f r';fj;J rfj;nj jpUj;jpr; rd;khh;f;f r';fj;J rfj;nj jpUj;jpr; rd;khh;f;f r';fj;J

miltpj;jpl mtUk;miltpj;jpl mtUk;miltpj;jpl mtUk;miltpj;jpl mtUk;

,fj;nj guj;ij,fj;nj guj;ij,fj;nj guj;ij,fj;nj guj;ijg; bgw;W g; bgw;W g; bgw;W g; bgw;W

kfpH;e;jpLjw;bfd;nw vidape;jkfpH;e;jpLjw;bfd;nw vidape;jkfpH;e;jpLjw;bfd;nw vidape;jkfpH;e;jpLjw;bfd;nw vidape;j

a[fj;nj ,iwtd; tUtpf;ft[w;nwd; a[fj;nj ,iwtd; tUtpf;ft[w;nwd; a[fj;nj ,iwtd; tUtpf;ft[w;nwd; a[fj;nj ,iwtd; tUtpf;ft[w;nwd;

mUisg; bgw;nwnd/mUisg; bgw;nwnd/mUisg; bgw;nwnd/mUisg; bgw;nwnd/ ts;syhh; gf;jpia kl;Lk; vLj;Jf;

fhl;oa mUshsh; my;y/ kdpjh;fs; Kjypy; xGf;fkhf thH ntz;Lk; vd;W xGf;f';fis tiuaWj;jhh;/

Rj;j rd;khh;f;fj;jpw;Fr; bry;y rka rd;khh;f;fk;. kj rd;khh;f;fk; Mfpa

,uz;ila[k; fPH;g; gofshf vLj;Jf; fhl;odhh;/ mjhtJ rka rd;khh;f;fk;. kj

rd;khh;f;fk; Mfpa ,uz;ila[k; fle;nj Rj;j rd;khh;f;fk; mila Koa[k;/

rka rd;khh;f;fk;rka rd;khh;f;fk;rka rd;khh;f;fk;rka rd;khh;f;fk;


39

rka rd;khh;f;fk; vd;gJ rj;Jt Fz

rk;ge;jk; cilaJ/ me;jr; rj;Jt Fz

,ay;g[ vd;dbtdpy; : 1/ bfhy;yhik. 2/ bghWik.

3/ rhe;jk;. 4/ mlf;fk;. 5/ ,e;jphpa epf;fpufk;. 6/ Md;k ,aw;iff; Fzkhfpa $PtfhUz;ak; MFk;/

,e;j MW Fz';fis thr;rpahDgtkhfg; bgw;Wr; brhU:ghDgtkhtnj rka rd;khh;f;fk;/

kj rd;khh;f;fk;kj rd;khh;f;fk;kj rd;khh;f;fk;kj rd;khh;f;fk;: mLj;jjhf cs;s kj rd;khh;f;fk; vd;gJ eph;f;Fz yl;rpa KilaJ vd;ghh;/ ntz;Ljy; ntz;lhik ? V';fy; rypg;g[ ?

cwt[ gif tpUg;g[ ? btWg;g[ Mfpa vjida[k; jd; mfj;nj bfhs;shJ rkkhfg;

ghtpj;jy;/ jha[khd Rthkpfs; nghd;nwhh; ,e;epiy mile;jth;fs; vd;W ts;syhh;

TWfpd;whh;/

Rj;j rd;khh;f;fk;Rj;j rd;khh;f;fk;Rj;j rd;khh;f;fk;Rj;j rd;khh;f;fk;: ,jw;F mLj;j epiyjhd; Rj;j rd;khh;f;fk;/ ,ij rhjfk; rhj;jpak; vd;W

,uz;L gphpthfg; gphpf;fpd;whh;/ eph;f;Fz epiy mile;jth;fs; rhjidia nkw;bfhz;lhy;

gyd; clnd fpilf;Fk;/ rhjid Kjph;e;J rhj;jpauhdhy; mth;fs; nfl;ly;. rpe;jpj;jy;. bjspjy;. epc;&il Tly; Mfpa ehd;ifa[k;


40

fle;J MU:luhf epw;ghh;fs; vd;fpwhh;/

,th;fns Rj;j rd;khh;f;f Rfepiya[k;. kuzkpyhg; bgU thH;ita[k; bgw;w Rj;j rd;khh;f;fpfs; Mth;/

,Jtiu Twpte;j bkhj;j fUj;J ,Jjhd;/

xt;bthU jdp kdpjDk; ,e;jphpa xGf;fk;. fuz xGf;fk;. $Pt xGf;fk;. Md;k

xGf;fk;. $PtfhUz;a xGf;fk; Mfpa Ie;jpida[k; cz;ikahd mjp jPtpu Kaw;rpnahL Vw;Wf; bfhz;L filg;gpof;f

ntz;Lk;/ Rj;j rd;khh;f;fj;jpd; Kd;ndhoahd rka rd;khh;f;fk;. kj rd;khh;f;fk; Mfpa

,uz;oYk; vLj;Jf; fhl;oa[s;s rj;Jt eph;f;Fz yl;rpa';fis cz;ikahff; iff;

bfhs;s ntz;Lk;//

epj;jpa xGf;fk;epj;jpa xGf;fk;epj;jpa xGf;fk;epj;jpa xGf;fk;: ehk; J}';fpbaGe;J ky$yk; fHpg;gJ Kjy; ,ut[ gLf;Fk; tiu vd;bdd;d bra;a

ntz;Lk; vd;gij neuk; fhyk; Fwpg;gpl;L tiuaiw bra;Js;shh;/

gy; nja;j;jt[ld; jh;$dp tpuypy; fhprhiyj; J}s; bfhz;L mz;zhf;fpy; nja;j;jhy; gpj;jePh;. fgePh; btspahfpf;

fz;bzhsp tpnrcp&f;Fk; vd;gJld; KfKk; trPfukhFk; vd;fpwhh;/


41

Fof;Fk; ePh;Fof;Fk; ePh;Fof;Fk; ePh;Fof;Fk; ePh;: Rf;ifr; Rz;zhk;g[ jltpr; Rl;L njhiyr; Ruz;o J}s; bra;J itj;Jf;

bfhs;s ntz;Lk;/ Ie;J lk;sh; jz;zPh; vLj;Jr; rpwpjst[ me;jj; J}is

mjpy;nghl;L K:d;W lk;sh; jz;zPh; Rz;Lk; tiu fha;r;rp kPjk; epw;Fk; ,uz;L lk;sh; jz;zPh;jhd; Fof;f ntz;Lk;/ ,t;thW bra;a

Koahtpl;lhy; bte;ePuhtJ Fof;f ntz;Lnk jtpu vf;fhuz'; bfhz;Lk; Fsph;e;j ePiug;

gUff; TlhJ/ ,t;thW bte;ePh; gUFtjhy; mk;ik. ilgha;L. k";rs;fhkhiy nghd;w gy

neha;fisj; jLf;fyhk;/ Fspg;gJTl ,s";N:Ls;s bte;ePhpy;

jhd; Fspf;f ntz;Lnk jtpu Fsph;e;j ePhpy; Fspf;ff; TlhJ vd;fpwhh;/ ey;y thH;tpw;F mth; jUk; N:l;Rkk;

,Jnt Mfhuk; /// 1-2

Jf;fk; /// 1-8 ikJdk; /// 1-16

gak; /// 0 Mnuhf;akhd thH;tpw;F ,t;tst[ vspa tHp Kiwfis ts;syhh; nghjpj;Js;shh;/

fhkk; vd;gJ Mirapd; bgUf;fkhFk;/ Mztk; khia fd;kk; Mfpa K:d;iwa[k;;

Kk;kyk; vd;W TWthh;fs;/ Mztk; vd;gJ


42

ehd;/ mjhtJ Raeyk;/ khia vd;gJ Mir/

ekf;F Vw;gLk; Mir vJthdhYk; mJ khiana/ cyfpay; Miria mRj;j khia vd;Wk; Md;kPf Miriar; Rj;j khia

vd;Wk; Twpa[s;shh;fs;/ vdnt khia vd;gJ Mir/ me;j Miria epiwntw;wpf; bfhs;s

ehk; bra;a[k; fhhpank fd;kk;/ me;jf; fd;kk; gpwh;f;Fj; jPik tpistpf;Fkhdhy; ghtk;

vd;Wk; jPtpid vd;Wk;. gpwh;f;F ed;ik gaf;Fkhdhy; g[z;zpak; vd;Wk; ey;tpid vd;Wk; TWthh;fs;/ ey;tpid jPtpid

vd;git kdpjh;f;F kl;Lnk chpadthFk;/ Vbddpy; Mwwpt[ gilj;j kdpjDf;F

kl;Lnk jd; ,r;irg;gor; bray;g[hpa Mz;ltdhy; mw;g Rje;jpuk;

mspf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ/ me;jr; Rje;juj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp kdpjd; bray;gLtjhy; ght

g[z;zpak; vd;gd kdpjidr; rhh;fpd;wd/ mjd; gyida[k; kdpjd; mDgtpj;nj Mf ntz;Lk;/ ,e;j mw;g Rje;jukhdJ K:d;W

tifg;gLk;/ 1/ njf Rje;juk;

2/ $Pt Rje;juk; 3/ nghf Rje;juk;

,e;j tpidfis ehk; bra;a[k; tiu mjw;Fhpa gyid mDgtpg;gnjhL ,e;j


43

tpidfl;nfw;gnt mLj;j gpwtpa[k;

mikfpd;wJ/

mLj;j gpwtpmLj;j gpwtpmLj;j gpwtpmLj;j gpwtp: kdk; thf;F fhak; Mfpa K:d;wpdhYk; tpidfs; Mw;wg;gLfpd;wd/ Kd;ng TwpaJ

nghy tpidfs; ghtk; g[z;zpak; vd;W ,U tifahFk;/ kdjhy; ghtk; bra;jth;fs; mLj;j gpwtpapy; rz;lhsg; gpwtp vLg;ghh;fs;/

thf;fpdhy; ghtk; bra;jth;fs; mLj;j gpwtpapy; kpUf';fshfg; gpwg;gh;/ njfj;jpdhy;

ghtk; bra;gth;fs; mLj;j gpwtpapy; kuk; Kjypa rhPuk; vLg;ghh;fs;/

mjdhy; ,e;jg; gpwtpapnyna tpidfisf; fisa ntz;Lk;/ mLj;j

gpwtpapy; kdpjuhfnt gpwg;nghk; vd;w cj;juthjk; fpilahJ/

eaj;jhy; cdJ jpUtUis ez;zhf; bfhonad; eha[lk;ig

caj;jhd; itnad; koj;jpLntd; koj;jhy; gpd;dh; cyfj;nj

taj;jhy; ve;j clk;g[ tUnkh vd;d tUnkh vd;fpd;w gaj;jhy; Inah ,t;t[lk;igr; Rkf;fpd;nwd;

vk;gu";Rlnu


44

vd;w ghlypy; jd;idg; gw;wpf; TWtJ nghy

ekf;F mwpt[Wj;Jfpd;whh;/ vdnt ehk; bra;fpd;w ey;tpid. jPtpidf; nfw;gnt mLj;j gpwtpa[k; mg;gpwtpapy; thH;f;ifa[k;

mika[k;/

gaph;g;g[W fuzg;ghpRfs; gw;gygaph;g;g[W fuzg;ghpRfs; gw;gygaph;g;g[W fuzg;ghpRfs; gw;gygaph;g;g[W fuzg;ghpRfs; gw;gy

caph;j;jpus; xd;bwd ciuj;j bka;r;rptnkcaph;j;jpus; xd;bwd ciuj;j bka;r;rptnkcaph;j;jpus; xd;bwd ciuj;j bka;r;rptnkcaph;j;jpus; xd;bwd ciuj;j bka;r;rptnk vd;W mftypYk; ,f;fUj;jpid typa[Wj;J

fpd;wdh;/

tpidiaj; jtph;g;gJ vg;go>tpidiaj; jtph;g;gJ vg;go>tpidiaj; jtph;g;gJ vg;go>tpidiaj; jtph;g;gJ vg;go> ve;jr; Rje;juj;ij ehk; gad;gLj;

jpdhy; tpid ek;ikr; N:H;fpd;wnjh me;jr; Rje;juj;ij Mz;ltDf;nf mspj;Jtpl;L jw;Rje;juj;ij ,He;J bray;gLnthkhdhy;

tpidia ehlhky; thHyhk;/ cjhuzj;jpw;F xU ghly;/

rj;jpak; rj;jpak; mUl;bgU";n$hjpj;

je;ijanu vidj; jh';Ffpd;wPnu cj;jkkhFk; Ek; jpUr; rK:fj;bjd;

cly; bghUs; Mtpia ctg;g[ld;; mspj;njd; ,j;jif cyfpil mitf;Fk; vd; jdf;Fk;


45

VJk; Rje;juk; ,y;iy ,';fpdp ePh;

vj;jifahapDk; bra;J bfhs;fpw;gPh; vidg; gs;spbaGg;gp; bka;apd;ge;je;jPnu

ehk; ek;Kila Rje;juj;jpy; ekJ kdk;nghd nghf;fpy; ey;yJ bfl;lij ehnk

jPh;khdpj;Jf; bfhz;L bray;gLfpnwhk;/ mjdhy; tpidf;F Mshfpnwhk;/ ts;syhnuh

jd; ,r;irahf vija[k; bra;atpy;iy/ kdk; vd;gJ vy;yhUf;Fk; bghJthd xd;W/ mJ vy;nyhiua[k; kUl;o mjpl;oj;J itj;Jf;

bfhz;oUf;fpwJ/ ts;syhiua[k; mJ tpl;L itf;ftpy;iy/ mJ Ml;LtJnghy; ehk;

Mof; bfhz;oUf;fpnwhk;/ ts;syhnuh mij mlf;fpdhh; ? Mjhuk;

kdbkDnkhh; nga;f; Fu';F klg; gany

kw;wth; nghy; vid epidj;J kUl;lhnj fz;lha; ,dKw vd; brhy;tHpna ,Uj;jp vdpy;

Rfkha; ,Ue;jpL eP vd; brhy;tHp Vw;wpiy ahdhnyh

jpidast[d; mjpfhuk; bry;ybthl;nld; cyf";

rphpf;f cid mlf;fpLntd; jpUtUshy; fzj;nj


46

edtpy; vid mwpahnah ahbud

,';fpUe;jha; "hd rigj; jiytDf;F ey;y gps;is ehnd

ts;syhh; jdJ kdij mlf;fpdhh;/

vy;yh "hdpfSk; vLj;Jf; bfhz;l mj;jid Kaw;rpfSk; kdij

mlf;Ftjw;Fj;jhd; vd ehk; czu ntz;Lk;/

,Jtiu Twp te;j fUj;Jf;fspd;,Jtiu Twp te;j fUj;Jf;fspd;,Jtiu Twp te;j fUj;Jf;fspd;,Jtiu Twp te;j fUj;Jf;fspd;

rhuk;rhuk;rhuk;rhuk;: 1/ xt;bthU kdpjDk; xGf;fkhf thH ntz;Lk;

2/ ew;Fz';fspy; Kad;W Kad;W gHf ntz;Lk;

3/ Mfhuf; fl;Lg;ghL ntz;Lk;

4/ kdpjDf;F Xh; mw;g Rje;juk; jug;gl;Ls;sJ/ mjdhy;jhd; mtd; ght

g[z;zpak; vd;w tpidf;F Mshfpwhd;/ 5/ ght g[z;zpa';fl;F Vw;gnt mLj;j

gpwtp mikfpwJ/ 6/ tpidia ,e;jg; gpwtpapnyna

jtph;j;jhy; mLj;j gpwtpiaj; jLf;fyhk;/


47

cwf;fk;cwf;fk;cwf;fk;cwf;fk; ek; thH;tpd; bgUk;gFjp J}f;fj;jpnyna fHpe;J tpLfpd;wJ/ gLj;jJ bjhpa[k; ?

vGe;jJ bjhpa[k;/ ,ilapy; neuk; nghdnj bjhpahJ/ Mdhy; Rfkhfj; J}';fpndd; vd;fpnwhk;/ J}';Fk;nghJ ve;jr; Rfj;ija[k;

mDgtpj;jjpy;iy/ Rfkhd J}f;fk; vd;w brhy; tHf;fj;jpy; kl;Lnk cs;sJ/

xt;bthUtUk; jpdk; MW my;yJ VG kzp neuk; J}';f ntz;Lk; vd;W kUj;Jth;fs;

TWfpd;wdh;/ Mdhy; ts;syhh; nghd;w "hdpfnsh J}f;fj;ij xHpf;f ntz;Lk; vd;W TWfpd;whh;fs;/ clk;gpd; fisg;ig.

nrhh;itg; nghf;f cwf;fk; mtrpakhfpd;wJ/ J}';fp; vGe;jt[ld; ekJ cly; g[jpa

cw;rhfj;Jld; ,a';Ffpd;wJ/ J}f;fk; ,y;iynay; kW ehs; ve;j ntiya[k; bra;a

Koatpy;iy/ clypYk; ey;y typ Vw;gLfpd;wJ/ ,J xt;bthUtUila cz;ik

mDgtk;/ vdnt J}f;fk; kdpjDf;F kpft[k; mtrpakhfpd;wJ/


48

Mdhy; ts;syhh; TWtJ vd;d

bjhpa[kh> @J}f;fj;ij xHpj;jhy; Ma[R tpUj;jpahFk;/ xUtd; xU ehisf;F ,uz;liu ehHpif (xU kzp neuk;) J}';fg;

gHf;fk; bra;thdhdhy; mtd; Mapuk; tUlk; $Ptpj;jpUg;ghd;@ (ciueil gf;fk; 411)

J}f;fj;ij xHpj;jhy; Ma[R tpUj;jpahFk; vd;fpwhnu mJ gw;wpr; rpwpJ

Ma;t[ bra;nthk;/ xt;bthU kdpjDk; xU ehisf;Fr; ruhrhp 21.600 Kiw Rthrpf;fpwhd;/ xU

bgz;zplk; ,Uf;Fk; gpUjptp. mg;g[. nja[. ,akhdd; vDk; tha[ Mfpa ehd;F

jhJf;fSk; Xh; MzplKs;s Mfhak; Md;k czh;r;rp. gpufpUjp Mfpa K:d;Wk; To

xUkpj;Jr; Rf;fpy Rnuhzpj rk;ge;jg;gl;Lg; gpz;lkhfpwJ/ (ciueil gf;fk; 361)

xt;bthU Kiw Rthrpf;Fk;nghJk; 12 m';Fyk; gpuhztha[ cs;ns ,Gf;fg;gLfpwJ/ kPz;Lk; btspna tpLk;nghJ tyJ ehrpj;

Jthuk; tHpahf K:r;ir btspna tpl;lhy; cs;ns ,Gf;fg;gl;l mnj 12 m';Fyf; fhw;W

btspna tUfpd;wjhk;/ mnj neuj;jpy; ,lJ ehrpj;Jthuk; tHpahf K:r;ir btspna

tpl;lhy; 16 m';Fyk; fhw;W btspna js;sg;gLfpd;wjhk;/ cs;ns ,Gj;jJ 12 m';Fyk;jhnd btspna 16 m';Fyk; vg;go


49

tu Koa[k;/ kdpj clk;g[ cUthdnghJ

nrh;f;fg;gl;l ,akhdd; vd;Dk; tha[jhd; TLjyhd 4 m';Fyf; fhw;W/ ,t;thW xt;bthU Kiwa[k; 4 m';Fyk; ,akhdd;

btspnawpdhy; Kothf kuzk; rk;gtpf;Fk;/ vdnt jhd; "hdpfs; vg;nghJk; tyJ

ehrpj;Jthuk; tHpahfnt Rthrpf;fpd;w gapw;rpapy; <Lgl;lhh;fs;/

@ve;jf; fhyj;jpy; vJ Fwpj;Jg; gLj;j nghjpYk; ,lJ ifg; gf;fkhfnt gLj;jy; ntz;Lk;@ (ciueil gf;fk; 339)

@gLj;J tpHpf;fpw ghpae;jk; ,lf;if fPHpUf;fr; bra;jy;@ (ciueil gf;fk; 344)

gLf;Fk;nghJ ,lJ if fPHpUe;jhy; Rthrk; tyJ ehrp tHpahfnt elf;Fk;

,jdhy; Ma[s; tpUj;jpahFk;/ rhjhuz fhyj;ijtpl cw';Fk;nghJ

K:r;R mjpfkhfr; brytHpfpwJ/ Fwl;il tpLfpd;wth;fisr; rw;W nehf;fpdhy; ,jid ed;F czuyhk;/ J}';Ftij xa;btLg;gjhf

vz;QqtJ jtW/ ciHg;g[ mjpfkhfnth fodkhdjhfnth ,Ue;jhy; bgUK:r;R

tUfpwJ/ mJnghy; J}';Fk;nghJk; K:r;R mjpfkhf tUtjhy; Ma[s; Fiwt[

Vw;gLfpwJ/ ,jdhy;jhd; J}f;fj;ij xHpj;jhy; Ma[s; tpUj;jpahFk; vd;whh; ts;syhh;/


50

J}f;fk; ,y;yhtpl;lhy; cly;epiy

ghjpf;Fnk vd;W fUjyhk;/ J}';Fk;nghJ kdpj K:isapypUe;J cw;gj;jpahFk; xspf;fjph;fns clw;nrhh;it ePf;fp

cw;rhfj;ijf; bfhLf;fpwJ/ jpahdk; bra;a[k;nghJk; ,e;j xspf; fjph;fs;

njhd;Wfpd;wd/ 10 kzp neuk; J}';fpdhy; vt;tst[ xspf; fjph;fs;; njhd;Wnkh mt;tst[

xspf; fjph;fs;; xU kzp neuk; jpahdk; bra;jhny njhd;wp tpLfpd;wJ/ vdnt xU kzp neuk; jpahdk; bra;tJ 10 kzp neuk;

J}';Ftjw;Fr; rkkhfpd;wJ/ ts;syhh; thf;if epidtpy; bfhz;L. J}f;fj;ijf;

Fiwj;Jj; jpahdj;ijg; bgUf;fp Ma[is tsh;j;Jf; bfhs;nthkhf/


51

K:g;g[K:g;g[K:g;g[K:g;g[ FHe;ijaha;g; gpwe;jtd; tsh;e;J thypgg; gUtj;ij mile;J Kothf KJik

mile;J epw;gijf; fz;Tlhff; fhz;fpd;nwhk;/ ,sik epiyahikia Md;nwhh;fs; gytpjkhf vLj;Jf;

fhl;oa[s;sdh;/ thypgj;jpy; kpLf;fhf ,Ue;j cly; cWg;g[fs; nja;khdk; milfpd;wd/

Kjypy; ,uj;jj;jpd; jd;ik bfLfpd;wJ/ mjdhy; eiu Vw;gLfpd;wJ/ fz; ghh;it

k';fp tpLfpd;wJ/ fhJ brtpLgLfpd;wJ/ gw;fs; tpHj; bjhl';fp tpLfpd;wd/ cly; gytPdk; milfpwJ/ Kd;nghy; elf;f

Koatpy;iy/ nfhY}d;wp ele;jhYk; js;shLfpd;wJ/ vjw;Fk; xU Jiz

njitg;gLfpwJ/ ehs; Mf Mf kuzk; beU';Ftij czu KofpwJ/

Itpsf;F K:g;g[ kuzhjpfis epidj;jhy; motapw;iw KWf;fhnjh bfhoa

Kaw;WyfPh; vd;W ts;syhh; rhLthh;/


52

K:g;g[ tUtJ ,aw;ifnaahdhYk;

mjida[k; jLj;J epWj;j Koa[k; vd;Wk;. vd;iwf;Fk; ,sika[lnd ,Uf;fyhk; vd;Wk; vLj;Jiuf;fpd;whh; ts;sw; bgUkhdhh;/

vd;nw vd;dpDk; ,siknahoUf;f ed;nw jUk; xU "hdkh kUe;nj

(mfty;) jtj;jpdhy; Vw;gLk; fdyhdJ clk;ig

ntjpf;Fk;/ J}a clyhdJ me;jj; jtf; fdypd; ntjpg;gpdhy; Rj;j njfkhf khWk;/ Rj;j njfj;jpd; jd;ik 12 taJ gUtk;

vd;fpd;whh;/ Rj;j njfk; bgw;w xUtdpd; taJ Mz;Lf; fzf;fpy; vj;jid

MfpapUe;jhYk; mtdpd; cly; jd;ik 12 taJ gUtkhf ,sikahfnt ,Uf;Fk;/

K:g;ghdJ vy;yhg; gpzpfSf;Fk; fhuzkhf epd;W Kotpy; kuzj;ijj;

jUfpd;wJ/ jtkhdJ K:g;ig tpul;LtJld; kuzj;ija[k; jtph;j;J tpLfpd;wJ/ ,Jnt

ts;syhh; fhl;Lk; khh;f;fkhFk;/ jpiue;J jpiue;J cSj;jtUk;

jpUk;gt[k; ,sik milayhk; vd ts;sw; bgUkhdhh; cWjp mspf;fpd;whh;/ tpiue;J tpiue;J mile;jpLkpd; nkjpdpaPhp';nf bka;ik ciuf;fpd;nwd; ePh; ntW epidahjPh; jpiue;J jpiue;J cSj;jtUk; ,sikmile;jplt[k; brj;jth;fs; vGe;jplt[k; rpj;jhly; g[hpa


53

tiue;J tiue;J vy;yhk; bra;ty;y rpj;jd; jhnd tUfpd;w jUzk; ,J tuk; bgwyhk; ePtph; fiue;J fiue;J csk; cUfpf; fz;fspy; ePh;

bgUfpf;fUiz elf; flt[is cl;fUJkpndh fspj;nj (5583)

ehk; jpUk;gt[k; ,sik mila Koa[k; vd;W tpsf;fpa ts;sw; bgUkhdhh; jhd; mt;thW ,sik mile;jjhf vLj;Jf;

fhl;Lfpd;whh;/

tpiue;J tpiue;J go fle;njd; nkw;ghy; mKjk; tpae;Jz;nld;

fiue;J fiue;J kdk; cUff; fz;zPh; bgUff; fUj;jyh;e;nj

tiue;J "hd kzk; bgh';f kzp kd;wuirf; fz;Lbfhz;nld; jpiue;J befpH;e;j njhYlk;g[k;; brGk;bghd;

clk;gha;j; jpfH;e;njnd (5482)

kzp kd;wk; vd;gJ bghw;rig mDgtk;/ me;j mDgtj;jhy; ,sik mile;njd;

vd;fpd;whh; ts;syhh;/ ehKk; ts;syhh; fhl;oa jtj;ij

nkw;bfhz;L jtf; fdyhy; ek; clk;ig


54

ntjpj;jhy; K:g;g[ mile;njhU';Tl kPz;Lk;

,sik bgwyhk;/

gak;gak;gak;gak;

kuzj;ijj; jUfpd;w gpzp. K:g;g[. gak;. Jd;gk; Mfpa ehd;fpYk; gpzp. K:g;g[ Mfpa

,uz;Lk; clw;gpzpahFk;/ gak;. Jd;gk; Mfpa gpd;dpuz;Lk; kdjpw;F tUtd MFk;/

Mfhuf; fl;Lg;ghLk;. elj;ijapy; bgha;glh xGf;fKk; ,Ue;jhy; clw;gpzpiaj;

jtph;j;Jf; bfhs;s Koa[k;/ jtk; bra;jhy; ,uz;lhtjhd K:g;igj; jtph;j;Jf; bfhs;syhk;/

gak; vd;gJ xU tifapy; ftiy vd;W Tlr; brhy;yyhk;/ gak; fhuzkhf kd

mjph;r;rpapy; kuzk; mile;njhh; gyUz;L/ ,e;jg; gaj;ij vg;go xHpg;gJ>

ve;j neuj;jpYk;. ve;j ,lj;jpYk; ve;jr; re;jh;g;gj;jpYk; ekf;Fj; Jizahf

,iwtd; ,Uf;fpd;whd; vd;w mGj;jkhd ek;gpf;if ,Uf;Fnkahdhy; gak; Vw;glhJ/


55

,iwtdplk; ahh; ruzhfjp milfpd;whh;fnsh

mth;fs; ,iwtid ek;gpg; gag;glhky; ,Uf;f Koa[k;/ gaj;ij xHpg;gjw;Fg; gf;jp xd;nw rpwe;j tHp/ ts;sw; bgUkhdhh;

cd;gjj; Jiz xd;iwna gpoj;njd;. mjdhy; gag;gl khl;nld; vd;W ghLfpwhh;/

gl khl;nld; Jah; rpwpJk; gl khl;nld; ,dp ehd; gag;glt[k; khl;nld; Ek;gjj; Jiznagpoj;njd; tpl khl;nld; Vkhe;J tpl khl;nld; fz; Oh; bka;ikapJ Ek;khiz tpsk;gpdd; Ek;monad; bfl khl;nld; gpwh; bkhHpfs; nfl;olt[k;khl;nld; fpsbuhsp mk;gyj;jhly; tsbuhsp Ek;ky;yhy; elkhl;nld; vd; csj;nj ehd; rhf khl;nld; ey;y jpU mUshny ehd; jhd; Mndnd (4747)

mk;gyj;nj vd; mg;gd; Mfpa ,iwtdpd; mUis ek;g[fpd;w gps;is ehd;/

vdnt gank vd;id tpl;L Xo tpL vd;W gaj;ij tpul;Lk; cghak; gf;jpna. mUis

ek;g[tnj vd;W tHp fhl;Lfpd;whh; ts;sw; bgUkhdhh;/ gak; vDk; Xh; bfhLk;ghtpg; gany eP ,Jnfs; gw;ww vd;wid tpLj;Jg; gdpf; fly; tPH;e;J xspg;gha;


56

jatpd; ciuj;njd; ,d;Dk; ,Uj;jp vdpy; cdJ jd; jiyf;Fj; jPk;g[ tUk; jiykl;nlhepdJ brayhYk; cd; clk;gHpa[k; Rw;wbkyhk; ,wf;Fk; jPh;e;jjpdp ,y;iy vd;nw jpUthh;j;ij

gpwf;Fk;

maypil neh;e;njhLf eP vd;id mwpahnah mk;gyj;bjd; mg;gd; mUs; ek;g[ gps;is

ehnd (4850)

rd;khh;f;fj;jpy; Mfhuk; \. epj;jpiu 1-8. ikJdk; 1-16. gak; 0 g{$;ak; Mfg; bgWjy; vd;fpwhh; ekJ ts;sw;bgUkhdhh; (ciueil

gf;fk; 344) gak; 0 vd;why; gakpy;yhky; thH;tJ/

mJ vt;thW rhj;jpakhFk;/ mr;rk; vd;w gaj;jpw;F xnu fhuzk; ehk; bra;fpd;w

jtWjhd;/ vg;go xU jpUldhdtd; nghyPirf; fz;L jhnd m";Rfpd;whndh mt;thnw jtW bra;gtDf;Fj;jhd; mr;rk;

my;yJ gak; Vw;gLk;/ ve;jj; jtWk; bra;ahjtd; ahUf;Fk; vg;nghJk; m";rj;

njitapy;iy/ gaj;ij ey;y xGf;fj;jpdhy; jtph;j;Jf; bfhs;syhk;/ kw;wgo tuf;Toa gak;

vJthdhYk;. ehk; ve;jj; bja;tj;ij tz';Ffpd;nwhnkh me;jj; bja;tj;jpd; kPJ

cz;ikahd mstw;w gf;jpa[k; ek;gpf;ifa[k; bfhz;L jtph;j;Jf; bfhs;syhk;/


57

ve;jtpj ec;&lKk; ekf;F Vw;glhJ

vd;w cs; mGe;jpa gpuf;i"na r';fy;gk; vd;W tpsf;fk; jUfpwhh;/ bja;tk; Jiz ,Ug;gjhy; ve;j ,Hg;g[k; Vw;glhJ vd;W

nkbyGe;jthW my;y cs; mGe;jpa Kont r';fy;gk;/ r';fy;gk; kakhdhy; rpthDgtk;

bgwyhk; vd;fpwhh;/

ve;ij gpuhd; vd; ,iwtd; ,Uf;f ,';nf vd;d Fiw ekf;bfd;nw ,Wkhg;g[w;nw ke;j cyfpy; gpwiu xU fhRf;Fk; kjpahky;

epd; mona kjpf;fpd;nwd; ahd; ,e;j monadplj;J cd; jpUt[se;jhd;

vt;thnwh mwpfpnyd; ViHnad; ehd; rpe;ij kfpH;e;J mUl;FUtha; vd;id

Kd;nd rpWfhiy Ml;bfhz;l njt njnt

vd;W ghLfpwhh;/ ,iwtd; JizapUf;fpwhd; vd;W ahh;

mDgtj;jpy; czh;e;J bfhz;lhh;fnsh mth;fs; vg;nghJk; gag;gl khl;lhh;fs;/

cs;Sk; g[wKk; ts;sy; JizapUf;f

thl;lnkd; vd;fpwhh; ts;syhh;/


58

,iwtd; Jizia ek;g[nthk;/ xGf;fkhf

thH;nthk;. jtW bra;ahky; thH;nthk;. jat[ld; thH;nthk;. mr;rk; jtph;j;jhd; vd;W CJ CJ r';nf vd ts;syhh;

ghoa[s;sJnghy; mr;rk; mjhtJ gak; mw;W thH;nthk;/

Jd;gk;Jd;gk;Jd;gk;Jd;gk;; Jd;gk; gytifaha; kdpjDf;F

Vw;gLfpd;wJ. cly; eyf; Fiwt[. bghUs; ec;&lk;. Vkhw;wk;. kdjpw;Fg; gpof;fhj xU

braiyr; bra;jhf ntz;Lk; vd;w N:H;epiy. tWik nghd;w gy fhuz';fshy;

Vw;gLfpd;wJ/ @ve;jf; fhyj;jpy; ve;j ,lj;jpy; ve;jtpjkhf ve;j kl;oy; vij mDgtpf;f

ntz;Lnkh mij me;jf; fhyk; me;j ,lk; me;j tpjk; me;j kl;Lk; bghUe;jg;

bghrpg;gpf;fpd;wJ/ jpUtUl; rf;jpaha; ,Ue;jhy; ekf;bfd;d Rje;juk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ>

vy;yhk; jpUtUl; rf;jp fhhpak; vd;W mijj; jpahdpj;J ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;@ (ciueil

gf;fk; 481) vd;fpwhh; ts;syhh;/


59

,e;j cWjp kdjpy; gjpa[khdhy; tUk;

Jd;g';fisj; jh';fpf;; bfhs;s ,aYk;/ mnj nghy ehk; gLfpd;w Jd;g';fl;Ff; fhuzk; ehk; Kd; bra;j jPtpidfns/ kdk; g[j;jp

rpj;jk; mf';fhuk; Mfpa me;jf; fuz';fspd; bray;ghLfl;nfw;gnt ,e;jg; gpwtpapy; ,d;g

Jd;g';fis mDgtpf;fpd;nwhk; vd;w bjspt[ ntz;Lk;/ ,d;g Jd;g';fs; ek;Kila

fuz';fs; Kd;g[ bra;j bray;fshy; ,e;jg; gpwtpapy; ehk; bgWk; ghpRfs; MFk; vd;fpd;whh;/

gaph;g;g[W fuzg; ghpRfs; gw;gy

caph;j;jpus; xd;bwd ciuj;j bka;r;rptnk (mfty;)

Jd;g';fs; tUtjw;F Kd; bra;j

tpidfs; fhuzk; vd;why; mj;Jd;g';fis mDgtpj;njjhd; Mfntz;Lkh> ,y;iy vd;fpwhh; ek; bgUkhdhh;/ Kd;

tpidia CH; vd;fpnwhk;/ CiH mfw;w KoahJ mDgtpj;nj Mf ntz;Lk; vd;W

Kd;ndhh; jpl;l tl;lkhf mwptpj;Js;sdh;/ Mdhy; CiH mfw;w Koa[k; vd;fpwhh; ts;sw;

bgUe;jif/ @CiH mfw;w cstwpahg; bgha;ad; ,td;


60

gPiH kdk; ek;ikg; bgwhjk; kdk; bfhoa

jhiH vd vz;zp vd;idj; js;sp tpl;lhy; vd; bra;ntd; ViH ehd; xw;wp vGj;jwpa[k; bgUkhnd/ (746)

Jd;gk; eP';Ftjw;Fk; gf;jpna Mjhukhf

cs;sJ vd;gnj cz;ik/

Kothf ehk; czh;tJ ,JntKothf ehk; czh;tJ ,JntKothf ehk; czh;tJ ,JntKothf ehk; czh;tJ ,Jnt: 1/ Mfhug; gf;FtKk; rPhpa Fz';fSk;

clw;gpzpiaj; jtph;f;Fk;/ 2/ jtj;jpdhy; K:g;g[ khwp ,sik mila

Koa[k; 3/ gf;jpapdhy; gaj;ija[k; Jd;gj;ija[k;

mfw;wyhk;/ ,it mfd;why; kuzKk;

eP';Fk;/


61

gf;jpgf;jpgf;jpgf;jp

ehk; tz';Fk; ,iwtd; kPJ ehk; bfhs;fpd;w md;ng gf;jpahFk;/ ,iwtd;

fUizna tothdtd;/ ,iwtid tHpgLtjw;F ekJ Kd;ndhh; rhpia fphpia

nahfk; "hdk; vd ehd;F bewpfis tiuaWj;jdh;/ ,tw;wpy; rhpia fphpia vd;gd g[w tHpghL/ nahfk;. "hdk; Mfpa

,uz;Lk; mf tHpghL/ gf;jp vd;gJ kdbefpH;r;rp kd

cUf;fk; vd tpsf;fk; jUfpwhh;/ ekJ jpUtUl;gpufhrh;/ ekJ bgUkhdhh; mUspa[s;s

jpUtUl;ghtpy; gf;jp bts;sk; bgUfp XLtij czuyhk;/

,iwtnd ehd; cd;id tz';fpanj ,y;iy/ cd; kPJ md;g[ bfhz;L cd;idg;


62

ghoanj ,y;iy/ cd; mw;g[j';fs; epiwe;j

E}y;fisg; goj;jjpy;iy/ goj;j ey;nyhh;fs; cd;idg; g[fHe;J Twpaijf; nfl;lJkpy;iy gf;jpnahL cdf;Fg; g{khiyahtJ

mzpe;njdh mJt[k;; ,y;iy/ kdk; cUf vd; fz;fspy; ePuhdJ Mwha;g; bgUf cd;

Kd; epd;W mGjJk; ,y;iy/ cd;idj; bjhGjJk; ,y;iy/ ,tw;wpw;bfy;yhk; fhuzk;

vdJ mf';fhuk;jhd;/ me;j mf';fhunkh xU rpwpJk; Fiwe;jjpy;iy/ gpw caph;fs; kPJ ehd; jat[ fhl;oanj ,y;iy/ ehd; cz;ik

ngrpaJk; ,y;iy/ ,uf;f kw;w jo nghy; my;yth ehd; ,Uf;fpnwd;/ ehd; vt;tst[

bfhoatd; vd;gjw;F ntnw Mjhuk; njitapy;iy/ vdf;F mUs; jUtjw;nf

cdf;Fj; Jzpt[ ntz;Lk;/ Jzpt[ bfhz;ly;yth vdf;F mUs; mspj;jha; vd

thH;j;Jfpd;whh;/ gzpe;jwpnad; md;g[lnd ghLjYk; mwpnad; goj;jwpnad; nfl;lwpnad; gf;jpapy; g{khiy mzpe;jwpnad; kdKUff; fz;fspy; ePh; bgUf mGjwpnad; bjhGjwpnad; mf';fhuk; rpwpJk; jzpe;jwpnad; jatwpnad; rj;jpa thrfKe;jhd; mwpnad; cGe;joj;j joaJ nghypUe;njd; Jzpe;bjdf;Fk; fUiz bra;j Jiuna vd;Dsj;nj Rj;j elk;g[hpa[k; rpj;jrpfhkzpna


63

cs;Sk; g[wKk; ts;sy; JizapUf;f

thl;lnkd; vd;ghh;/ gf;jpa[s;sth;fs; ,ij ed;F czu ntz;Lk;/ Kjypy; g[w tHpghLjhd; bra;a ntz;Lk;/ Jitjkhf

,Ue;jhy; mj;itjk; jhnd MFk; vd;ghh;/ ,iwtd; ntW $Ptd; ntW vd;w epiyjhd;

Jitj epiy/ $PtdhdJ jdJ Fiwfis ed;F czu ntz;Lk;/ mt;thnw ,iwtdJ

mUik bgUikfisa[k; czu ntz;Lk;/ gf;jpiag; gagf;jp vd;W TWthh;fs;/ gf;jpapy; gakh vd;W tpdtyhk;/ Mk; gak;jhd;

vg;nghJk; vf;fhyj;Jk; ehk; ,iwtdpd; ghh;itapy;jhd; ,Uf;fpd;nwhk; vd;gij

czh;e;jhy; ve;jj; jtWk; bra;a khl;nlhk;/ ,iwtd; ek;ik ekJ braiy. ekJ

ngr;ir. ekJ vz;z';fis vy;yhtw;iwa[k; ghh;j;Jf; bfhz;Ljhd; ,Uf;fpwhd; vd;w

mr;r czh;t[ Vw;gLtijj;jhd; ga gf;jp vdf; Twpdhh;fs;/ jpUtUl;ghtpy; xt;bthU ghl;ila[k;

ftdpj;jhy; gf;jpg; bgUf;fpd; vy;iyiaf; fhzyhk;/ vy;yhtw;iwa[k; tpsf;f ahuhy;

,aYk;/ ghid nrhw;Wf;F xU nrhW gjk; vd;W brhy;tJ nghy; xd;wpuz;L ghly;fis

,';F ftdpg;nghk;/ ve;jj; jtWk; ,dpahtJ bra;af; TlhJ/ xGf;fe;jtwhJ thH ntz;Lk; vd;W


64

gy cWjpfis vLf;fpnwd;/ Mdhy; me;j

cWjpfisg; gyg;gy fhuz';fshy; jtw tpLfpd;nwd;/ ,t;thW Vw;gLk; vd; jsh;itbayhk; vLj;Jiuj;jhy; rhe;j

brhU:gpahd cdJ kdj;jpy;Tlr; rpdk; njhd;wf; TLk;/ mt;thW rpdk; njhd;wpdhYk;

guthapy;iy vd;W vd;Dila jsh;itbay;yhk; epd;ghy; ciug;gndad;wp

ntW vth;f;fhtJ ciug;ngdh ? mt;thW ciuf;f ehd; Kw;gl;lhYk; vd; eh vGkh vd;W jhd; bfhz;l gf;jpia btspg;gLj;J

fpd;whh;/ khbdGe;jhL'; fuj;njha; epd; rhe;j kdj;jpy;rpde; jhbdGe;jhYk; vGfbtd;nw vd; jsh;itbayhk; CbdGe;jhh;f;f epd;ghy; ciug;gdd;wp Ch;f;Fiuf;f ehbdGe;jhYk; vd; eh vGnkh bkhHp ey;fplnt/ cd;dplk; ciug;ngndad;wp ntbwth;f;

fhtJ ciuf;f ehd; Jzpe;jhYk; vd; eh vGnkh vd;fpwhnu me;j cWjp v';nf>

,e;jj; bja;tj;jpw;Fr; rf;jp mjpfkh me;jj; bja;tj;jpw;Fr; rf;jp mjpfkh vd;W

Ma;t[ bra;J mof;fo bja;tj;ij khw;wpf; bfhs;Sk; gf;jh;fis ,f;fhyj;jpy; epiwa fhz;fpd;nwhk;/ nftyk; gzj;jpw;fhft[k; rpy

mw;gg; gpunah$d';fSf;fht[k; kj';fiana khw;wpf; bfhs;fpd;whh;fns/ ,e;jg; gf;jp

cz;ikahd gf;jpay;y/ fhhpa gf;jp/


65

,d;Dk; gw;gy ehs; ,Ue;jhYk;

,f; fze;jdpny ,we;jhYk; Jd;Dk;thd; fjpf;nf g[Fe;jhYk; nrhh;e;J kh eufj;JHd;whYk;

vd;d nkYk; ,';F vdf;F te;jhYk; vk;gpuhd; vdf;F ahJ bra;jhYk;

ed;dh; be";rfk; eho epd;nwh';Fk; ekr;rpthaj;ij ehd; kwntnd/

vd;d te;jhYk; ,iwtid kwthj gf;jpna cz;ikahd gf;jp/

rpyh; Kd; bra;j tpidapd; fhuzkhf tWikapy; thlyhk;/ cz;z czt[k; cLf;f

cila[k; Tl ,y;yhky; ,Uf;fyhk;/ Kd; b$d;khtpy; bra;j fh;ktpidapdhy; ,t;thW

tWikapdhy; thodhYk; ,iwtidf; nfl;lhy; mt;tsita[k; bgw;Wf; bfhs;s

yhkhk;/ nrhW ntz;oDk; Jfpyzp Kjyhk;

Rf';fs; ntz;oDk; Rfkyhw; Rfkhk; ntW ntz;oDk; epidaile;jd;wp

nkbthzhbjDk; nkyth; ciuf;nfhh; khW ntz;onyd; te;J epw;fpd;nwd;

ts;sny cd; jd; kdf; Fwpg;gwpnad; rhW ntz;oa bghHpy; tlyunr rj;jpar; rigj; jdpg; bgUk; gjpna


66

clk;gpw;F VnjDk; neha; tUfpd;wjh MH;e;j gf;jpapdhy; mija[k; ePf;fpf; bfhs;syhk;/ ,iwtid ntz;odhy; jPuhj neha[z;lh.

neha; eP';f ,njh xU mUl;gh/

bghy;yhj N:h;f;fpisiaj; joe;jkuh; gLe;Jaug; g[d;ik ePf;Fk; ty;yhnd vdJ gpzp eP epidj;jhy; xU

fzj;jpy; khwplhnjh fy;yhnjd; vdpDk; vid ,fHhnj epdjoah;

fHfk; Tl;lha;r; bry;yhjhh; typalf;Fk; rp';fg[hpjdpykh;e;j

bja;tf;Fd;nw

,iwtd; vg;nghJk; ekf;Fj; Jiz ahfnt ,Uf;fpd;whd;/ ,ij czh;e;jth;fns gf;jpkhd;fs; ? ,iwtdpd; JizapUg;gij

czh;e;jth;fs; vg;go ,Ug;ghh;fs; vd;gij ekJ ts;sw; bgUkhdhh; vLj;Jf;

fhl;Lfpd;whh;/

ve;ij gpuhd; vd; ,iwtd; ,Uf;f ,';nf

vd;d Fiw ekf;bfd;nw ,Wkhg;g[w;nw ke;j t[yfpy; gpwiu xU fhRf;Fk; kjpahky; epd;dona kjpf;fpd;nwd; ahd;


67

,e;j monadplj;Jd; jpUt[se;jhd; vt;thnwh

mwpfpnyd; ViHnad; ehd; rpe;ij kfpH;e;J mUl; FUtha; vd;id Kd;nd rpW fhiy Ml;bfhz;l

njtnjnt ,iwtnd cd; gjj;Jiz xd;iwna

gw;wpndd; mjdhy; ,dpj; Jah; rpwpJk; gl khl;nld;/ ve;jf; fhuz'; bfhz;Lk; gag;glt[k;

khl;nld;/ kw;wth; nghy; Vkhe;J cd;id tpl;L tpl khl;nld;/ ,J bgha;ahd thh;j;ijay;y/ rj;jpakhd thh;j;ij/

gpwUila ngr;irf; nfl;Lf; bfl;Lg; nghfkhl;nld;/ cd;idj; jtpu ntbwhd;iw

vd; cs;sj;nj elkhl;nld;/ ehd; rhf khl;nld;/ cd;Dila ey;y jpUtUshny ehd;

ePahfnt Mfptpl;nld;/ ,J ts;sw; bgUkhd; fhl;Lk; tHp/

glkhl;nld; Jah; rpwpJk; glkhl;nld; ,dp ehd; gag;glt[k; khl;nld;

cd; gjj;Jizna gpoj;njd; tplkhl;nld; Vkhe;J tplkhl;nld;

fz; Oh; bka;k;ik ,J Ek;khiz tpsk;gpdd; Ek; monad;

bflkhl;nld; gpwh; bkhHpfs; nfl;olt[k; khl;nld; fpsbuhsp mk;gyj;jhly; tsbuhsp Ek;ky;yhy;


68

elkhl;nld; vd;Dsj;nj ehd; rhf

khl;nld; ey;y jpUtUshny ehd;jhd; Mndnd/

,e;jg; ghly;fspbyy;yhk; gf;jpapd; MHj;ij. cWjpia. mjdhy; Vw;gLk;

gad;fis ts;sw; bgUkhdhh; Jy;ypakhf tpsf;Ffpd;whh;/

,Jtiu thH;e;j ek; thH; ehl;fspy; neha;fSk; Jd;g';fSk; Mgj;JfSk; ek;ikj; jhf;fpapUf;ff; TLk;/ ,iwtd; fUiz

apdhy; ehk; gyKiw jg;gpj;J kPz;oUf; fpnwhk;/ vjph;ghuhj ed;ikfs; ekf;Ff;

fpl;oapUf;ff; TLk;/ ,tw;iwbay;yhk; ehk; xt;bthd;whf mof;fo epidj;Jg; ghh;f;f

ntz;Lk;/ mg;go epidj;jhy; ,iwtd; ekf;Fj; Jizahf vg;nghJk; ,Ue;J

te;jpUf;fpwhd; vd;gij czuyhk;/ mij czUk;nghJ ekJ kdjpny befpH;r;rp njhd;Wk;/ me;j befpH;r;rpapd; fhuzkhf

,iwtd; kPJ md;g[ bgUFk;/ me;j md;gpw;F milahskhf ekJ fz;fspypUe;J ePh;

bgUFk;/ ,e;j epiyapy; ekJ tha; jhdhfnt mtd; g[fiH mtdJ bgaiu

thahu thH;j;Jk;/ ,e;j mDgtj;jpd; Kothd gyd; vd;d bjhpa[kh> kuzkpyhg; bgU thH;t[/ ts;syhh; ghl;ilf; ftdpa[';fs;/


69

epide;J epide;J czh;e;J czh;e;J befpHe;J befpH;e;J md;ng epiwe;J epiwe;J Cw;bwGk; fz;zPujdhy;clk;g[ eide;J eide;J mUsKnj ed;dpjpna "hd elj;junr vd;Dhpik ehafnd vd;W tise;J tise;J Vjj;JJk; ehk; tk;kpd;cyfpayPh; kuzkpyhg; bgUthH;tpy; thH;e;jplyh'; fz; Oh; g[ide;Jiunad; bgha;g[fnyd; rj;jpak;brhy;fpd;nwd; bghw;rigapy; rpw;rigapy; g[Fe;jUzkpJnt/

ehad;khh;fs; MH;thh;fs; tHh;f;ifapy; ,iwtd; nehpy; njhd;wp fhl;rp bfhLj;jjha[k; mth;fs; tpUg;g';fisbay;yhk;

epiwntw;wp itj;jjhft[k; epiwag; goj;jpUf;fpnwhk;/ mg;gog;gl;l epfHr;rpfs;

ekJ thH;tpYk; elf;fhjh vd;d> epr;rak; elf;Fk;/ mth;fs; ,iwtd; kPJ gf;jp

vt;thW brYj;jpdhh;fnsh mt;thW ehKk; gf;jp brYj;jpdhy; elf;Fk;/

ahiu ehk; bja;tkhf tz';F fpd;nwhnkh me;jj; bja;tj;jplk; ekJ cly; bghUs; Mtp K:d;iwa[k; mh;g;gzpj;J tpl;Lr;

ruzhfjp mile;jhy; ekf;F ve;jf; Fiwa[k; tuhJ/

thahu thH;j;Jfpd;nwhh; kdj;jkh;e;j bja;tk; vd;W ts;syhh; ghLthh;/ thahu

thH;j;Jnthk;/ jpdKk; fhiyapy; Fspj;J Koj;jt[ld; xU gj;J epkplk; ,iwtid


70

thahug; ghoj; Jjpg;nghk;/ ,Ugj;J ehd;F

kzp neuj;jpy; xU gj;J epkplk; jhd;/ ve;jg; ghl;L ghodhy; ekJ kdk; befpGnkh me;jg; ghl;il thahug; ghl ntz;Lk;/ mg;gog; ghoj;

Jjpj;jhy; vd;w ed;ik fpilf;Fk;/ jpdk; bra;a[k; ghuhazj;jhYk; md;d

tpuaj;jhYk; ehk; mwpahJ bra;a[k; ght';fs; eP';Fk; jpdKk; gf;jpnahL ghoj; Jjpg;nghk;/

gHtpid mWg;nghk;/ gf;jpf;F Xh; cjhuzk;/ fhuzg;gl;L fe;jrhkp vd;gth; bgUkhdplk; kpFe;j <LghL bfhz;lth;/

muRg; gjtpapypUe;J Xa;t[ bgw;wt[ld; fpilj;j gzj;jpy; jpUmUl;gh MW

jpUKiwfis mr;rpl;L ,dhkhf vy;nyhh;f;Fk; tH';fpath;/ jpUtUl;gpufhr

ts;syhiuna bja;tkhf tHpgl;L te;jth;/ mtuJ cUtg; glj;ijj; jd;khh;gpy; fl;o

bjh';f tpl;Lf; bfhz;nl cytpdhh;/ ahuhtJ brhw;bghHpt[f;F miHj;jhy; @jpUtUl;gpufhr ts;sw; bgUkhid cghrdh K:h;j;jpahff;

bfhz;L xGFk; fhuzg;gl;L fe;jrhkp@ vd;W jd; bgaiu mr;rplr; brhy;thuhk;/

bgUkhdplk; mth; bfhz;l gf;jpna gf;jp/ gpuhh;j;jid bra;a[';fhy; jdf;fhf

kl;Lk; gpuhh;j;jid bra;af; TlhJ/ cyfk; KGtJk; ed;ikailag; gpuhh;j;jpf;f ntz;Lk;/ mg;gog; gpuhh;j;jpj;jhy; mjpy;


71

mtDf;F ntz;oaJk; ml';fptpLk; vd;ghh;

ekJ bgUkhdhh;/ vdnt fhiyapy; gpuhh;j;jid bra;a[k;nghJ ekf;F ntz;oa ghly;fisg; ghoKoj;j gpd; ,Wjpahf ,e;jg;

ghly;fisg; gho Kof;fyhk;/ ,J gf;jpkhd;fSf;F Xh; Mnyhrid kl;Lnk/

epjpna vd;Ds;s epiwnt bghJtpy; epiwe;j rpt gjpna mUl;bgU";n$hjpand mk;gyk; tps';Fk; fjpna vd; fz;Qq'; fUj;Jk; fspf;ff; fye;J bfhz;l kjpna mKj kiHna epd; nguUs; thHpant thHp vd; Mz;ltd; thHp v';nfhdUs; tha;ik vd;Wk; thHp vk;khd; g[fH; thHp vd; ehjd; kyh;g;gj';fs; thHp bka;r; Rj;j rd;khh;f;fg; bgUbewp khz;g[ bfhz;L thHp ,t;itaKk; thdKk; kw;wt[k; thHpant

thHp tlw; rpw;rigapy; thH;e;j eluhruUs;

thHp mtz; g{rpf;Fk; khjth;fs;/ thHpvd;Wk; ts;sy; ,uhkyp';f kd;doahh;fbsy;yhk; gps;sypyh ,d;gkpire;nj


72

$PtfhUz;ak;$PtfhUz;ak;$PtfhUz;ak;$PtfhUz;ak;

ts;syhhpd; jiyaha bfhs;ifna $PtfhUz;ak; MFk;/ rhjp kjk; rkak; Kjypa vy;yhg; gphpt[fisa[k; rhLk; ts;syhh;

ve;jg; ngjKkpy;yhky; vy;yh kf;fSk; rnfhju chpika[ld; thH ntz;Lk; vd;fpwhh;/

Mdhy; mtUk; kf;fis mftpdj;jhh; vd;Wk; g[wtpdj;jhh; vd;Wk; ,uz;lhfg; gphpf;fpd;whh;/

mftpdj;jhh; vd;nghh; khkprk; cz;zhjth;fs;/ g[wtpdj;jhh; khkprk; cz;nghh;/ ,uf;fk; vd;gJ Jspa[k; ,y;yhky;

caph;f; bfhiyf;Ff; fhuzkhtjhy; khkprk; cz;nghiug; g[wtpdj;jhh; vd;W fz;oj;jJld;

mg;gog;gl;lth;fSld; el;g[ bfhs;sf; TlhJ. mth;fSf;F ey;y gz;g[fisa[k; vLj;Jr;

brhy;yf; TlhJ/ g[yhy; cz;zhjth;fs; g[yhy; cz;gth; tPl;oy; vijr; rhg;gpl;lhYk;

mth;fSk; g[iyanu vd;fpwhh;/


73

tpuj';fspy; jiyrpwe;j tpujk;

bfhy;yhik/ bfhy;yhikia ahh; tpujkhff; bfhs;fpd;whh;fnsh mth;fis ,iwtd; js;Stjpy;iy vd;Wk; caph;f; bfhiya[k;

g[iyg;g[rpg;g[k; cilath;fis Mz;ltd; jGt[tjpy;iy vdt[k; ghLfpwhh;/

cs;shidf; fjt[ jpwe;J cs;ns fhz

csbtdf;nf ciuj;jhid czuhh; ghl;ilf; bfhs;shid vd; ghl;ilf; Fwpf;bfhz;lhid

bfhy;yhik tpujbkdf; bfhz;lhh; jikj; js;shid bfhiy g[iyiaj; js;shjhiuj;

jGthjhid ahd; g[hpe;j jtW nehf;fp vs;shid ,lh; jtph;j;jp'; bfd;id ahz;l

vk;khidf; fz;L fspj;jpUf;fpd;nwnd/

bfhy;yhikia ahh; tpujkhff; bfhs; fpd;whh;fnsh mth;fs; kl;Lnk ,iwtdpd; mUSf;Fg; ghj;jpukhthh;fs;/ ,uf;fk;

,y;yhky; khkpr czt[ cz;gth;fs; ve;j Myaj;jpw;Fg; ngha; ve;j ,iwtid

tz';fpdhYk; mUisr; rpwpJTlg; bgw KoahJ/

,J ts;syhh; fUj;J/ mg;goahdhy; ,Jtiu te;j kw;w mUshsh;fl;F ,e;j


74

cz;ik bjhpahjh vd;W nfl;fyhk;/ vy;yh

mUshsh;fSk; md;igj;jhd; nghjpj;jhh;fs;/ irtk; vd;whny g[yhy;. khkprk; jtph;j;jJ jhd;/ irt rkaj;jhh;f;Fhpa

Mfhuk; irt Mfhuk; jhd;/ ,ij czuhky; irth;fs; mirt czthfpa khkpr czit

cz;gJ mth;fs; rhh;e;Js;s rkaj;jpw;F vjpuhdJ/ irth;fs; gd;dpuz;L jpUKiw

tFj;J mt;tg;nghJ Kw;nwhjy; bra;thh;fs;/ jpUke;jpuk; mjpy; xU jpUKiw MFk;/ mjpy; jpUK:yh; kf;fisg; ghh;j;J vd;d

nfl;fpwhh; bjhpa[kh> fhl;oYs;s re;jd ku';fisbay;yhk;

miuj;Jr; re;jdhgpnc&fk; bra;jhYk; thd; mstpw;F khkyh; ,l;L ,iwtDf;F

mh;r;rid bra;jhYk; khkprk; czthff; bfhz;lhy; ,iwtdJ. jpUtoia vg;go

mila Koa[k; vd;W nfl;fpwhh;/ fhDW nfho fofkH; re;jdk;

thDW khkyhpl;L tz';fpDk; Cdpid ePf;fp cz;gth;f;fy;yJ

njdkh; g{';fHy; nru xz;zhnj (jpUke;jpuk;)

mWgj;J K:d;W ehad;khh;fSs; jpUts;StUk; xUth;/ mth; vGjpa


75

jpUf;Fwspy; bfhy;yhik vd;W Xh; mjpfhunk

vGjpapUf;fpwhh;/ clk;igg; bgUf;f Cdpid cz;lhy; mUs; v';fpUe;J tUk; vd;W mth;

tpdt[fpwhh;/ ,ijbay;yhk; goj;Jk; mwpe;Jk;

irth;fs; khkprk; cz;zyhkh> _kd; ehuhazd; kr;rhtjhuk; (kPd;)

Th;khtjhuk; (Mik) tuhftjhuk; (gd;wp) Kjypa mtjhu';fs; vLj;jhd; vd;W itzth;fs; mtidg; nghw;Wfpd;whh;fs;/

fz;zdhf mtd; mtjhpj;jnghJ khL fd;Wfisg;ghtpj;Jf; nfhghyd; vd;W bgah;

bgw;whd;/ g[ul;lhrp khjk; xU khjk; kl;Lk; rpy itzth;fs; khkprk; cz;gjpy;iy/ kw;w

khj';fspy; cz;zyhkh> kPid. gd;wpia. Mikiag; ghh;f;Fk; nghbjy;yhk; _kd;

ehuhazidg; ghh;g;gJ nghyy;yth ghh;f;f ntz;Lk;/ itzth;fSk; khkprk; cz;zf; TlhJ/

Vd; ve;j kdpjDk; khkprk; cz;zf; TlhJ/ bfhiy ghtk; khkprk;

cz;gtidr;rhUk;/ ,uf;fnk kdpjDf;F chpaJ/ Xh; caph; Jog;gij. Jd;gg;gLtij

czUk; mwpt[ kdpj ,dj;jpw;F kl;Lnk cz;L/ Vd; me;j mwpit kdpjDf;F kl;Lk; ,iwtd; mspj;jhd;/ me;j Mz;ltd;


76

kdpjdplk; vd;d vjph;ghh;f;fpwhd;> ,uf;fk;

xd;iwj;jhd; Mz;ltd; kdpjdplk; vjph;ghh;f;fpwhd;/ kdpjd; gilf;Fk; nj';fha;. thiHg;gHk; bgh';fy; gpurhjk; Mfpatw;iw

Mz;ltd; vjph;ghh;f;ftpy;iy/ mtd; vjph;ghh;f;Fk; ,uf;fj;ij kdpjd; fhl;Lt

jpy;iy/ Mz;ltDf;F tpnuhjkhf caph;f; bfhiy bra;J tpl;L Mz;ltid

tz';fpdhy; mUs; fpl;lhJ/ mjdhy; jhd; ts;sw; bgUkhd; g[yhy; cz;gij td;ikahff; fz;of;fpwhh;/

jat[ xd;wpdhy; kl;Lnk ,iwtdJ

mUisg; bgw Koa[k;/ ntW xd;wpdhYk; mtd; mUisg; bgw KoahJ vd;fpwhh;/

mtUila thH;tpy; epfH;e;j rpy rk;gt';fs; mtuJ kdjpd; befpH;r;rpia ,uf;fj;ij

btspg;gLj;Jk;/ ,uhkyp';fh; rhpahfg; gof;ftpy;iy vd;W mtuJ jikadhh; fz;oj;J tPl;ow;F

tu ntz;lhk; vd;whh;/ FHe;ij ,uhkyp';fk; (Ie;J taJ) tPl;il tpl;L btspnawp tpl;lhh;/

mtuJ mz;zpahh; ,uz;L brhl;L fz;zPh; tpl;L mGJ tPl;oy; j';fp tplf; Tlhjh

vd;whh;/ FHe;ij ,uhkyp';fk;; mz;zpahhpd; fz;zPUf;F ,u';fp tPl;oy; j';fp; tpl;lhh;/


77

Mfhuk; miu vd;gJ mtuJ

bfhs;if/ bgw;w jhahUf;nfh jd; FHe;ij ed;whf tapuhw epiwar; rhg;gpl ntz;Lk;/ ,uhkyp';fhpd; jhahUk; mg;goj;jhd;/ jd;

FHe;ij ,uhkyp';fk; epiwar; rhg;gpl tpy;iyna vd;W mtuJ jhahhpd; kdk; thl;l

Kw;wJ/ mijf; fhzr; rfpahky; ,uhkyp';fh; epiwa cz;lhuhk;/

bgw;w jha; Kf thl;lk; ghh;g;gjw;f";rpg; ngUzt[z;ldd; vd;W ghLfpwhh;/ Fiwthfr; rhg;gpl ntz;Lk; vd;gJ mtUila

bfhs;if/ gpwh; Kfk; thlf; TlhJ vd;gJ mtuJ $PtfhUz;ak;/ vJ bghpaJ.

$PtfhUz;ak; jhd; bghpaJ/ bfhs;if $PtfhUz;aj;;jpw;Fj; jilaha; ,Uf;ff;

TlhJ/ ,uhkyp';fh; ghly;fis vGjpf;

bfhz;oUe;jhh;/ mtuJ moath;fs; mtuJ ghf;fis mr;rpl;Lg; g[j;jfkhf;f Mirg; gl;ldh;/ g[fiH tpUk;ghj ts;syhh;

mr;rpLtjw;F mDkjp junt ,y;iy/ gj;jhz;L fhyk; nghuhoa[k; ve;jtpj

gyDkpy;iy/ Kothf ,Wf;fk; ,uj;d Kjypahh; ts;syhUf;F xU fojk; vGjpdhh;/

g[j;jfk; mr;rpLtjw;F mDkjpfpl;Lk; tiu xU ntis kl;Lnk rhg;gpLntd; vd;W me;jf; fojj;jpy; vGjpdhh;/ ,ijg; goj;j


78

ts;syhh; clnd mDkjp mspf;fpwhh;/ me;j

$Ptd; gl;odp fplg;gjh vd;W tUe;jpdhh;/

mtuJ ,uf;fk; vd;nd! vd;nd! $Ptd;fs; grp. gpzp. jhfk;. ,r;ir.

vspik. gak;. bfhiy Mfpa VG Mgj;Jf;fspdhy; Jd;gk; mDgtpg;gijf; fz;l nghjhfpYk; nfl;l nghjhfpYk; clnd

tpiue;J brd;W mj;Jd;gj;ij ePf;Ftnj $PtfhUz;ak; vd;W nghjpj;jhh;/

Jwtpfl;Fk; kw;wth;f;Fk; ,ug;nghh;f;Fk; ,y;thH;thd; vd;ghd; Jiz vd;whh;

jpUts;Sth;/ Mdhy; ts;syhh; vd;w Jwtp ,jw;F khwhf tlY}hpny 1867k; Mz;L nk

khjk; 23k; ehs; jUkr;rhiy xd;iwj; bjhl';fpdhh;/ jUkr;rhiyf;F mof;fy; ehl;L tpHh elj;jpa md;nw kw;bwhU gf;fk;

jpwg;g[ tpHht[k; elj;jp md;djhdj;ij bjhl';fpdhh;/ mth; md;W K:l;oa mLg;ghdJ

,d;W tiu ViH kf;fspd; grpahw;Wfpd;wJ/ ,iwtid mila jUknk tHp vd;W

czh;j;jnt jUkr;rhiy vd;W bgahpl;lhh;/ Xh; Mizg; bgz;zhf;fp. me;jg; bgz;iz kPz;Lk; Mzhf;fp ,we;j

gpzj;jpw;nf caph; bfhLf;Fk; Mw;wy; bgw;w rpj;jd; MdhYk; kdjpny ,uf;fk; ,y;yhky;

Xh; capiuf; bfhd;W mjd; khkprj;ij


79

cz;z ntz;Lk; vd;w epidg;g[ ,Ue;jhy;

mtid "hdp vdf;Twf; TlhJ vd;fpwhh;/ $PtfhUz;aj;ijg; ngrpf;bfhz;oUe;j nghJ mJ vJ tiu bry;Yk;> ,Uth;

rhiyapy; ele;J ngha;f; bfhz;oUe;jdh;/ xUth; fhy;gl;L xU kz;zh'; fl;o cile;J

tpl;lJ/ mjidf; fz;l kw;wth; ka';fp tpGe;J tpl;lhh;/ Vd; ka';fp tpGe;jPh;fs;

vd;W nfl;lnghJ c';fs; fhy;gl;L me;j kz;zh';fl;o cUf;Fiye;J tpl;lnj mij vd;dhy; jhs Koatpy;iy vd;whuhk; ka';fp

tpGe;jth;/ xU kz;zh';fl;o cile;jjw;nf kaf;fk; tUkhdhy; Xh; caph; Jog;gij

vt;thW jhs Koa[k;> ,ija[k; fle;J $PtfhUz;ak; bry;Yk; vd;whuhk;/

fUizf;F ts;syhh; vd;W rhjhuz

kf;fSk; ghuhl;Lk; bgUik bgw;W ,uf;fnk totha; ts;syhh; ,Ue;jhh;/ ,uf;fk; xUtpy; (kiwe;jhy;) vd; capUk; xUt[k; vd;whh;

ts;syhh;/ ehk; $PtfhUz;aj;ij nkw;bfhs;nthk;/

jat[ld; thH;nthk; vy;yh caph;fisa[k; nerpg;nghk;/ ahh; kdJk; g[z;glhjthW

elg;nghk;/ ehk; gpw caph;fs; kPJ bfhs;Sk; rpwpa jatpdhy; ,iwtdJ bgUe;jathfpa nguUisg; bgw Koa[k;/ ,iwtd; mUis


80

ntW ve;j tHpahYk; bgw KoahJ/ ,uf;fk;

xd;wpdhy; kl;Lnk bgw Koa[k;/

rkaj; bja;t';fs;rkaj; bja;t';fs;rkaj; bja;t';fs;rkaj; bja;t';fs;

ifyhaj;jpy;rptbgUkhd; ,Ug;gjhft[k; itFe;jj;jpy; _kd; ehuhazd; ,Ug;gjhft[k;

irtKk; itztKk; Twp tUfpd;wd/ irt rkak; rhh;e;j mUshsh;fspd; g{j cly;

kz;zpny rkhjp itf;fg;glyhk; my;yJ beUg;gpypl;L jfdk; bra;ag;glyhk;/ vg;go ahapDk; mth;fsJ $PtdhdJ ifyhak;

mile;J rptbgUkhDld; If;fpakhfptpLk; vd;fpwhh;fs;/ mnjnghy; itzth;fs; me;jr;

rkak; rhh;e;j mUshsh;fs; ,we;j gpwF mth;fsJ $Ptd; itFe;jk; brd;W

ehuhazDld; fye;JtpLk; vd;fpd;whh;fs;/ ,jidna ifyha gjtp vd;Wk; itFe;j gjtp vd;Wk; Twp itj;jhh;fs;/ $PtdhdJ


81

(,we;J nghd clypypUe;J gphpe;j gpwF)

,iwtDld; If;fpakhtijna Kf;jp vd;Wk; Twpdhh;fs;/ rpy rhkpahh;fs; j';fs; $Ptdh dJ ,iwtDld; fyg;gjw;F clk;ng

jilaha[s;sJ vd;W fUjpj; jh';fns typar; brd;W rkhjpapy; ,w';fpa[k; jiyapy;

nj';fha; cilf;fr; bra;Jk; capiu kha;j;Jf; bfhz;oUf;fpd;whh;fs;/ clk;ig

tpl;Lg; gphpe;j capuhdJ nkhl;rj;jpw;nfh. brhh;f;fj;jpw;nfh. eufj;jpw;nfh nghFbkd; gija[k; my;yJ ,iwtDld; If;fpa

khfptpLk; vd;gija[k; ts;sw; bgUkhdhh; Vw;Wf; bfhs;stpy;iy/

ahuhapUe;jhYk; ,e;jg; gpwg;gpnyna mjhtJ capuhdJ clk;ig tpl;Lg; gphpahky;

thH;e;J bfhz;oUf;Fk;nghnj ,iwtid mila ntz;LnkbahHpa ,we;j gpwF

milant KoahJ/ khwhf ,e;jj; njfj;jpy; thH;e;j fhyj;jpy; bra;j ey;tpid jPtpidf;nfw;g mLj;j gpwtpjhd; vLf;Fk;

vdj; jpl;ltl;lkhf mwptpf;fpd;whh;/ ,e;j cz;ikawpahky; thH;e;J khz;L

bfhz;oUf;Fk; eLj;ju kf;fisj; jpUj;jpr; rd;khh;f;f r';fj;jpy; mth;fisr; nrh;j;J

,e;jg; gpwtpapnyna ,iwtid miltpf;fr; bra;ant jhd; ,iwtdhy; mDg;gg;gl;L te;jjhft[k; ts;syhh; TWfpd;whh;/


82

,Jtiu njhd;wpa mUshsh;fs; gytpj

tot';fspy; gyg;gy bgah;fspy; bja;t';fs; ,Ug;gjhff; fhl;odh;/ ,e;j cUt'; fbsy;yhk; bgah;fbsy;yhk; "hdpfspd;

fw;gidna vd;W bfh";r';Tl czuhj ghku kf;fs; ,e;jj; bja;t';fbsy;yhk; cz;ik

apnyna ,Ug;gjhfnt vz;zp cz;ik md;g[ld; tHpgl;L tUfpd;whh;fs;/

jtk;; bra;j "hdpfs; gyg;gy mDgt';fis mile;jhh;fs;/ me;j mDgt'; fisbay;yhk; kf;fSf;F mwptpf;f ntz;Lk;

vd;w J}a nehf;Fld; mitfis cUt fg;gLj;jpdh;/ mUshsh;fs; bgw;w mDgt';

fisg; gy "hdpfs; gytpjkhf mwptpj;jpUf;fpd;wdh;/ kdpj clk;gpy; Vw;gLk;

mDgt';fisg; g[wj;nj fhl;odh;/ ts;sw; bgUkhdhh; ek; kPJs;s

bgU';fUizapdhy; bja;tj;jpd; cz;ikia ,Jtiu mwptpf;fg;glhj cz;ikfis cyfwpaj; bjhptpf;fpd;whh;/ g[wj;nj

bja;tkhff; fhl;lg;gl;l cUt';fs; ek; clk;gpd; ve;j ghfj;J mDgt';fs; vd;W

ts;syhh; bjhptpf;fpd;whh;/ 1) kdpj njfj;jpy; nfhrj;jpw;F

,uz;liu m';Fyj;jpw;Fnky; ehw; rJukhd xU iga[z;L/ mjpy; nrUk; ,e;jphpank jhkiu vd;W brhy;yg;gLk;/ mjd; kj;jpapy;


83

xU Mtp bghd; tz;zkha; ,Uf;Fk;/ mjd;

mjph;c;&lhd njtijna gpukd; vd;W brhy;yg;gLk;/ g[wj;nj gpuk;k nyhfj;jpy;. tpc;&Qqtpd;

ehgpapypUe;J tUk; bfhoapd; Edpapy; cs;s jhkiug; g{tpy; gpUk;kh ,Ug;gjhf g[uhzj;jpy;

Twg;gl;Ls;sJ/ ,jd; cz;ikia ts;syhh; kdpj clk;gpd; xU ghfkhf vLj;Jf;

fhl;oa[s;shh;/ mLj;J ce;jpf;F neuhf cl;ghfj;jpy; rJukha; xU iga[z;L/ me;jg; igapd;

nkYs;s ehoapd; kj;jpapy; brk;gpdJ fspk;g[ nghd;W gr;ir nkdpaha; xU rf;jpa[z;L/

mij tpc;&Qqbtd;W brhy;fpwJ/ (ciueil gf;fk; 364)

,Ujaj;jpy; kyh;e;j thiHg;g{g; nghy xU iga[z;L/ mJ btz;ikahapUf;Fk;/

,ijf; ifyhak; vd;W brhy;fpwJ/ ,e;jg;; igapy; mf;fpdp kakha; xU MtpapUf;Fk;/ ,jw;Ff; fhuzhf;fpdp vd;W bgah;/ ,t;

tf;fpdpiaj;jhd; fhy re;jpu Uj;u K:h;j;jp vd;gJ/

,e;j mf;fpdpg; igapy; Fz;lyp tl;l euk;g[ xd;W cz;L/ ,e;j euk;gpd; moapy;

,uz;L euk;g[ tyj;jpy; Ie;J ftUilajha[k; ,lj;jpy; MW jiya[ila ftuha[k; epw;fpd;wd/ tyj;jpy; cs;sJ fzgjp vd;Wk;


84

,lj;jpYs;sJ Rg;ukz;ah; vd;Wk; brhy;YtJ

(ciueil gf;fk; 366) ,Ujaj;jpw;F nky; ,uz;liu m';Fykhd fz;lj;jpy; knfRtuDk;.

mjw;Fnky; ,uz;liu m';Fy mz;zhf;fpy; rjhrptKk;. mjw;Fnky; ,uz;liu m';Fy

cauj;jpy; g[Utkj;jpapy; tpe;Jt[k;. mjw;F nky; ,uz;liu m';Fyj;jpy; ehjKk;. mjw;F

nky; ,uz;liu m';Fyj;jpy; gutpe;Jt[k;. mjw;F nky; ,uz;liu m';Fyj;jpy; guehjKk;. mjw;F nky; ,uz;liu

m';Fyj;jpy; jpf;fpuhe;jk;. mjpf;fpuhe;jk;. Jthj rhe;jk; KjyhditfSk; mjPjj;jpy;

Rj;j rptKk; cs/ knf!;tu !;jhdk; Kjy; tpe;J !;jhdk; tiuapYk; Kd;nghy; ,lk;

eho bjhHpy; tz;zk; Kjypat[Ks;sd/ ehj !;jhdk; bjhl;Lj; Jthj rhe;jk; tiuapy;

mDgt btspahfpa Mfhr ngjkakhapUf;Fk;/ mjw;F nky; mjpfhuz khj;jpukha; Md;khDgtj;jpy; tps';Fk;/ (ciueil gf;fk;

367) ,e;j mDgtj;ij ,t;thW thpirg;

gLj;jyhk;/

Rj;j rptk; Jthj rhe;jk; mjpf;fpuhe;jk; mjPjk; mDtj;jpy; tps';Fk;


85

jpf;fpuhe;jk;

guehjk; gutpe;J

tpe;J /// g[Utkj;jp rjhrptd; /// mz;zhf;F

knfRtud; /// fz;lk; Uj;ud; /// ,Ujak;

tpc;&Qq /// ehgp gpuk;kh /// ehgpf;Ff; fPH;

,e;j mDgt';fs; kdpj clk;gpny Vw;gLfpd;witna MFk;/ ngUgnjrj;jpd;;

nghJ ts;syhh; TwpajhtJ. @,jw;F nkw;gl ehk; ehKk; Kd; ghh;j;Jk; nfl;Lk; yl;rpak;

itj;Jf; bfhz;oUe;j ntjk;. Mfkk;. g[uhzk;. ,jpfhrk; Kjypa fiyfs; vjdpYk;

yl;rpak; itf;f ntz;lhk;/ Vbdd;why; mitfs; xd;wpyhtJ FG:cf;Fwpad;wpj; bja;tj;ij ,d;dgo vd;Wk;. bja;tj;

jpDila cz;ik ,d;dbjd;Wk;. bfh";rnkDk; g[w';ftpar; brhy;yhky;.

kz;izg; nghl;L kiwj;J tpl;lhh;fs;/ mQqkhj;jpu nkDk; bjhptpf;fhky; gpz;l

yl;rzj;ij mz;lj;jpy; fhl;odhh;fs;/ ahbjdpy; ifyhrgjp vd;Wk;. itFz;lgjp vd;Wk;. rj;jpa nyhfhjpgjp vd;Wk; bgahpl;L.


86

,lk;. thfdk;. Ma[jk;. totk;. U:gk;

Kjypaita[k; xU kDc;&aDf;F mikg;gJ nghy; mikj;J cz;ikahf ,Ug;gjhfr; brhy;ypapUf;fpd;whh;fs;/ bja;tj;jpw;Ff; if

fhy; Kjypad ,Uf;Fkh vd;W nfl;gth;f;Fg; gjpy; brhy;yj; bjhpahJ tpHpf;fpd;whh;fs;/

,`J cz;ikahf ,Ug;gjhfnt Kd;Dk; gpd;Dk; cs;s bghpath;fbsd;W bgahpl;Lf;

bfhz;oUe;jth;fSk; cz;ikia mwpahJ mg;gona fz;iz K:of; bfhz;L cswpapUf;fpd;whh;fs; (ciueil gf;fk;

466?467)/ nkw;fz;l thrf';fis Cd;wpf;

ftdpj;jhy; xU ngUz;ik tps';Fk;/ mjhtJ gpUk;kh. tpc;&Qq. Uj;ud;. knfRtud;.

rjhrptd; Mfpa Ith;fSk; ,e;j clk;gpy;; Vw;gLk; mDgt';fns xHpa g[wj;jpy;

Mfhaj;jpny g[uhz';fspy; TwpapUg;gJnghy; cz;ikapy; ,Ug;gth;fs; my;y vd;gJ/ ,nj nghy vy;yh ,iw tot';fSk; mDgt';fns/

ts;syhUk; mUl;bgU";n$hjpia mDgtkhfnt TWfpd;whh;/

@jD fuzhjpfs; jhk; fle;J mwpa[k; Xh; mDgtk; Mfpa mUl;bgU";n$hjp@

(mfty;)

rhjid gw;wp ts;syhh; :


87

mDgt';fis ntW KiwapYk; TwpapUf;fpd;whh;fs;/ mjhtJ

$hf;fpuj;

brhg;dk; RGj;jp mt!;ijfs; Ie;J

Jhpak; JhpahjPjk;

jpunahj rhe;jkhtJ ahbjdpy;jpunahj rhe;jkhtJ ahbjdpy;jpunahj rhe;jkhtJ ahbjdpy;jpunahj rhe;jkhtJ ahbjdpy; 1/ $Pt rhf;fpuk; 2/ $Pt brhg;gdk; 3/ $Pt RGj;jp

4/ eph;ky rhf;fpuk; 5/ eph;ky brhg;dk;

6/ eph;ky RGj;jp 7/ gu rhf;fpuk;

8/ gu brhg;dk; 9/ gu RGj;jp

10/ FU rhf;fpuk; 11/ FU brhg;gdk; 12/ FU RGj;jp

13/ FU Jhpak; 14/ FU Jhpah jPjk; Mf 14/ ,jw;F

nkYKs/


88

Rj;j rpt rhf;fpuk;

Rj;j rpt brhg;gdk; Rj;j rpt RGj;jp Rj;j rpt Jhpak;

Rj;j rpt Jhpah jPjk;/ ,it neU';fhy; $Pt

rhf;fpuhjp ePf;fg;gLk;

,t;tst[ mDgtKk; g{h;tj;jpYs;s mDgtpfshy; Fwpf;fg;gl;l epiyfspy; ,y;iy/ xUthU FU Jhpa ghpae;jk;

ntjhfk';fshYk; jj;Jtuhah; Kjypa kfhd;fsDgtj;jhYk; Fwpf;fg;gLk;/ mjw;F

nkw;gl;l mDgtk; Rj;j rd;khh;f;fj;jpy; rhj;jpak;/ (ciueil gf;fk; 369)

,e;j mDgt';fs; midj;Jk;

jtj;jpdhy; kl;Lnk bgwf; Toaitna jtpu ntW tHpfshy; bgw KoahJ/ vdnt jtk;jtk;jtk;jtk; Rj;j rd;khh;f;f mDgtj;jpw;F mtrpak;

vd;gJ kWf;ff;Tlhj cz;ikna/ kdij mlf;fp ,iwtid mila

ehd;F khh;f;f';fis ek; Kd;ndhh; fhl;odh;/ rhpia. fphpia. nahfk;. "hdk; Mfpa

ehd;fpy; rhpia fphpia vd;w ,uz;Lk; g[wtHpghL. nahfk; "hdk; Mfpa ,uz;Lk; mf tHpghL/ Koe;j Kot[ "hdk;jhd;/


89

rd;khh;f;fk; vd;gJ "hdj;ij

mDc;&of;fpd;w Tl;lk;; vd;W ts;syhh; TWfpd;whh;/ nkYk; rhfhjtnd rd;khh;f;fp vd;gJk; mtuJ thf;F/ fpilj;j ,e;j

njfj;ijna epj;jpa njfkhf;fpf; bfhz;L vf;fhyj;Jk; vjdhYk; jilglhj xg;gw;w

nghpd;gg; bgUthH;itg; bgw;W thH;jny Md;kyhgk; vd;Wk; jpUtUl; gpufhr ts;sw;

bgUkhdhh; mwptpj;jhh;/ fle;j fhy tuyhw;wpd; VLfisg; g[ul;odhy; "hdk; bgWtjw;fhff; fhl;ony

brd;W gy Mapuk; ngh; fLe;jtk; nkw;bfhz;L thH;e;jpUf;fpd;whh;fs;/ kidtp.

kf;fs;. brhj;J. Rfk; midj;ja[k; Jwe;J tpl;Lf; fhdfk; brd;wpUf;fpd;whh;fs;/ Vd;

Jwt[ nkw;bfhz;lhh;fs;> Vd; fhdfk; brd;W fLe;jtk; g[hpe;jhh;fs;> ,iwtid milat[k;

kuzj;ij bty;yt[k;jhd;/ mile;jhh;fsh> mile;jjhfg; g[uhz';fs; TWfpd;wdnt jtpu rhpj;jpuk; Twtpy;iyna/ g[uhz';fs;

TWfpd;wd rhpj;jpuk; Twtpy;iyna vd;gjd; tpsf;fk; ahbjdpy;. g[uhzk; vd;gJ

tU';fhyr; re;jjpapdUf;F ePjpiag; nghjpg;gjw;fhff; fw;gidahf vGjg;gl;l

fij/ rhpj;jpuk; vd;gJ cz;ikahfg; gpwe;J thH;e;j kf;fspd; tuyhW/ cjhuzkhf kJiu kPdhl;rpia kze;j brhf;fehj ghz;oad;


90

jpUtpisahlw; g[uhzj;jpnyjhd; ,lk;

bgw;wpUf;fpd;whnu jtpu jkpH; ehl;Lg; ghz;oa kd;dh;fspd; tuyhw;wpny ,lk; bgwtpy;iy/ jpUtpisahlw; g[uhzk; xU fl;Lf; fijna

jtpu cz;ik tuyhwy;y/ kdjpny vs;sst[Tlr; re;njfk; ,y;yhky;

g[uhz';fl;Fk; tuyhw;Wf;Fk; cs;s ntw;Wikfisg; g[hpe;J bfhs;s ntz;Lk;/

tuyhw;wpy; te;jhy; jhd; cz;ik/ g[uhz';fspy; tUtbjy;yhk; "hdpfspd; fw;gidna/

rpj;jpapd; bfhLik jh';fhJ fhdfk; brd;W fLe;jtk; g[hpe;J ehuhazdplk; tuk;

bgw;w JUtd; vd;w mur Fkhud; tl jpirapy; JUt el;rj;jpukhf tps';Ffpd;whd;

vd;gJk; trpc;&lh; Kjyhd rg;j hpc&pfs; mtidj; jpdKk; Rw;wp tyk; tUfpd;whh;fs;

vd;gJk; fw;gid/ tpRthkpj;jpuh; vd;w Kdpth; jd;Dila jt typikahy; jphpr';F vd;w kd;did

njnte;jpud;; Ml;rpf;Fl;gl;l njtnyhfj;jpw;F clnyhL mDg;gpdhh; vd;gJk;. khdplh;

njtnyhfj;jpw;F tUtjh vd;W rpd'; bfhz;l njnte;jpud; jphpr';Fitf; fPnH

js;sp tpl;ljhft[k;. jphpr';Ftpd; Tf;Fuiyf; nfl;l tpRthkpj;jpuh; njnte;jpud; kPJ rpd'; bfhz;L. me;jj; jphpr';F kd;did mg;gona


91

me;juj;jpy; epWj;jp m';nfna me;j

kd;dDf;fhfg; g[jpabjhU Rth;f;fj;ijna eph;khzpj;jjha[k; ,Jnt jphpr';F brhh;f;fk; vd miHf;fg;gLk; bjd; jpir el;rj;jpuk;

vd;Wk; TWtJ g[uhzk; ? fw;gid ? ,it tuyhwy;y/

,e;jf; fijfs; midj;Jk; btWk; fw;gidjhnd vd;W btWj;J xJf;fp

tplyhkh vd;why; m';nfjhd; ts;syhhpd;

jdpj;jd;ik gpufhrpf;fpd;wJ/ ntj';fs;;. ntj';fs;;. ntj';fs;;. ntj';fs;;.

Mfk';fs;. g[uhz';fs;. ,jpfhr';fs; Mfk';fs;. g[uhz';fs;. ,jpfhr';fs; Mfk';fs;. g[uhz';fs;. ,jpfhr';fs; Mfk';fs;. g[uhz';fs;. ,jpfhr';fs;

Kjyhf cs;s fiyfs; mj;jida[k; Kjyhf cs;s fiyfs; mj;jida[k; Kjyhf cs;s fiyfs; mj;jida[k; Kjyhf cs;s fiyfs; mj;jida[k;

cz;ikia btspg;gilahf vspjpy; g[hpe;J cz;ikia btspg;gilahf vspjpy; g[hpe;J cz;ikia btspg;gilahf vspjpy; g[hpe;J cz;ikia btspg;gilahf vspjpy; g[hpe;J

bfhs;s KoahjthW N:jhf vGjg; bfhs;s KoahjthW N:jhf vGjg; bfhs;s KoahjthW N:jhf vGjg; bfhs;s KoahjthW N:jhf vGjg;

gl;litjhd; vd;W TWk; ts;syhh;. gl;litjhd; vd;W TWk; ts;syhh;. gl;litjhd; vd;W TWk; ts;syhh;. gl;litjhd; vd;W TWk; ts;syhh;.

mtw;iw mg;gona tpl;L tplhjPh;fs; mtw;iw mg;gona tpl;L tplhjPh;fs; mtw;iw mg;gona tpl;L tplhjPh;fs; mtw;iw mg;gona tpl;L tplhjPh;fs;

mjd; cz;ikia mwpe;J bfhs;S';fs; mjd; cz;ikia mwpe;J bfhs;S';fs; mjd; cz;ikia mwpe;J bfhs;S';fs; mjd; cz;ikia mwpe;J bfhs;S';fs;

vd;Wkvd;Wkvd;Wkvd;Wk; bewpg;gLj;Jfpd;whh;; bewpg;gLj;Jfpd;whh;; bewpg;gLj;Jfpd;whh;; bewpg;gLj;Jfpd;whh;////

JUt el;rj;jpuj; jphpr';F Rth;f;f JUt el;rj;jpuj; jphpr';F Rth;f;f JUt el;rj;jpuj; jphpr';F Rth;f;f JUt el;rj;jpuj; jphpr';F Rth;f;f

cz;ikcz;ikcz;ikcz;ik: tlf;nf xU el;rj;jpuk; vg;nghJk;

m';nfna ,Uf;Fk;/ mjw;Fj; JUt el;rj;jpuk; vd;W bgah;/ mijr; Rw;wp VG

el;rj;jpu';fs; jpdk; tyk; te;J bfhz;oUf;fpd;wd/ mnjnghy; vg;nghJk; bjd;


92

jpirapy; ehd;F el;rj;jpu';fs; ilkd;

totj;jpy; vg;nghJk; ,Uf;Fk;/ ,it jhd; jphpr';F brhh;f;fk;. ,e;j el;rj;jpu';fs; ,Ug;gJ cz;ik/ Mdhy; mtw;iwg; gw;wp;

vGjg;gl;l fij kl;Lnk fw;gid ? bgha;/ Md;kPfj; Jiwapy; vijg; goj;jhYk;

me;j thh;j;ijfisnah. brhw;fisnah mg;gona vLj;Jf; bfhs;shky; ahh; brhd;dJ

? ahhplk; brhd;dJ ? Vd; brhy;yg;gl;lJ ? ve;jr; re;jh;g;gj;jpy; brhy;yg;gl;lJ ? vd;gij Ma;t[ bra;nj Kot[ bra;a

ntz;Lk;/ xU igad; fha;fwp th';fp tuf;

filf;Fg; nghdhd;/ fhrpy;yhky; filf;Fg; nghfhnj vd;W mtDila jha; Twpdhs;/

igad; filf;nf nghfhky; epd;W tpl;lhd;/ igaidg; ghh;j;J Vz;lh filf;Fg;

nghftpy;iyah vd;W jfg;gdhh; nfl;lhh;/ filf;Fg; nghfhnj vd;W mk;kh brhd;dhns fhjpy; tpHtpy;iyah vd;W igad; gjpy;

brhd;dhd;/ fhrpy;yhky; filf;Fg; nghfhnj

vd;why; fhR vLj;Jf; bfhz;L filf;Fg; ngh vd;gJ jhnd bghUs;> filf;Fg;

nghfhnj vd;w brhy;iy kl;Lk; vLj;Jf; bfhz;L filf;Fg; nghf khl;nld; vd;gJ rhpah>


93

mJnghy $PtfhUz;a xGf;fk; vd;w

jdJ ciueilapy; Kjw; gFjpapy; ts;syhh; TWtJ ,Jjhd;/ $PtfhUz;a xGf;fj;ij cilath;

fshfp mUe;jy;. bghUe;jy; Kjypa gpug";r nghf';fis mDgtpf;fpd;w rKrhhpfs;

vy;yhk; rh;t rf;jpa[ila flt[sUSf;F KGJk; ghj;jpuk; Mthh;fs;/ $PtfhUz;a

xGf;fkpy;yhky; "hdk;. nahfk;. jtk;. tpujk;. b$gk;. jpahdk; Kjypaitfisr; bra;fpd;w th;fs; flt[sUSf;Fr; rpwpJk; ghj;jpuk;

Mfhh;fs;/ mth;fis Md;k tpsf;fk; cs;sth;fshft[k; epidf;fg;glhJ/$PtfhUz;a

kpy;yhJ bra;ag;gLfpd;w bra;iffs; vy;yhk; gpunah$dk; ,y;yhj khah$hyr; bra;if

fnsahFbkd;W mwpa ntz;Lk;/ (ciueil gf;fk; 127)

$PtfhUz;aj;ija[ila rKrhhpfl;nf mUs; fpl;Lk; vd;why; $PtfhUz;aKila

"hdpfl;Fk;. jtk; bra;nthh;f;Fk; mUs; fpl;lhkyh ngha; tpLk;/ $PtfhUz;a xGf;fk;

cilath;fs; kl;Lnk jpahdk; jtk; Kjypait bra;ayhk; vd;gJk; $PtfhUz;ak;

,y;yhky; jpahdk; jtk; bra;nthh; kf;fis kaf;fnt mt;thW bra;fpwhh;fs; vd;gJk; ts;syhh; fUj;J/ ,Jnt cz;ik/


94

$PtfhUz;aj;Jld; jpahdk; jtk; ntz;Lk;

vd;gnj ts;sw; bgUkhdhh; jUk; Kot[/ nkYk; ts;syhh; Twpa[s;sJ/ $PtfhUz;aj;jhy; gpukd; Ma[Rk;. ghr

ituhf;fpaj;jhy; tpl;LQqtpDila Ma[Rk;. <Ru gf;jpahy; Uj;jpuDila Ma[Rk; gpuk

"hdj;jhy; vd;Wk; mHpahj Rth;z njfk; Kjypaita[k; bgw;Wf; flt[s; kakhfyhk;

(ciueil gf;fk; 417) gpuk "hdj;jhy; kl;Lnk vd;Wk; mHpahj Rth;z njfk; Kjypatw;iwg;

bgw;Wf; bfhs;syhk; vd;w thrfj;jpd;go jtk; jtph;f;f Koahj xd;whfpd;wJ/

kz;ghz;lk; Rl itj;jhy; jhd; ePoj;J ciHf;Fk;/ Fatd; fsp kz;zhy; ghj;jpuk;

bra;fpd;whd;/ mJ mg;gona ,Ue;jhy; gad;glhJ/ Rl ntz;Lk;/ mJnghy; ,e;j kz;

clk;iga[k; Rl ntz;Lk;/ vg;gor; RLtJ> jtj;jhy; cz;lhFk; btg;gj;jpdhy; Rl ntz;Lk;/ ,';nf ts;sw; bgUkhdhh; nghw;wpa

jpUf;Fwis xnu xU rhd;whf vLj;Jf; bfhs;syhkh>

Rlr; Rl xspUk; bghd; nghy; jtk; Rlr; Rl nehf;fpw; gth;f;F/ (Fws;)

jtk; bra;jhy; cc;&zk; cz;lhFk; vd;gjw;F vd;d Mjhuk;>


95

@ekJ Md;khitj; bjhpabthl;lhky;

K:oapUf;fpd;w gr;irj; jpiuahfpa uhfhjpfis tprhu mjp cc;&zj;jhyy;yhJ kw;w cc;&z';fshy; ePf;f KoahJ/ me;j

cc;&zk; nahfpapDila mDgtj;jpy; bjhpa[k;/ mij kDc;&a juj;jpy; cz;L

gz;Qqtjw;Fj; bjhpahJ/ me;j tprhuj;ij tpl Mz;ltiu !;njhj;jpuk; bra;fpd;wjpYk;

bja;tj;ij epidf;fpd;wjpYk; mjpf cc;&zk; cz;lhFk;/ nahfpfs; tdk; kiy KiH Kjypatw;wpw;Fg; ngha; E}W. Mapuk; Kjypa Kjypa Kjypa Kjypa

tUc& fhyk; jt";bra;J. ,t; cc;&zj;ij tUc& fhyk; jt";bra;J. ,t; cc;&zj;ij tUc& fhyk; jt";bra;J. ,t; cc;&zj;ij tUc& fhyk; jt";bra;J. ,t; cc;&zj;ij cz;L gz;zpf; bfhs;fpd;whh;fs;cz;L gz;zpf; bfhs;fpd;whh;fs;cz;L gz;zpf; bfhs;fpd;whh;fs;cz;L gz;zpf; bfhs;fpd;whh;fs;/ ,g;goj;

jt";bra;J cc;&zj;ij cz;L gz;zpf; bfhs;Sfpwijg; ghh;f;fpYk; bja;tj;ij

!;njhj;jpuk; bra;fpd;wjpYk;. epidf;fpd;w jpYk; ,ijtplf; nfhog; g';F. gj;J nfhog;

g';F mjpfkhf cc;&zk; cz;L gz;zpf; bfhs;syhk;@ (ciueil gf;fk; 464)

jtk; bra;a ntz;Lkh ? njhj;jpunk nghJnk vd;W fUjyhk;/ jtk; ntz;lhk;

vd;why; mtnu bra;jpUf;f khl;lhnu/ vy;yhtw;iwa[k; tplr; rhpia. fphpia

Mfpa ,uz;odhy; tUk; Kothd gyd; kdk; Rj;jkhFk; vd;Wk;. nahfj;jpdhy; ghrk; mWk; vd;Wk;. "hdj;jpdhy; tut[ nghf;fw;w


96

epiy.mjhtJ gpwg;g[. ,wg;g[ mw;w epiy

TLk; vd;Wk; ek; bgUkhdhh; bjhptpf;fpd;whh;/ Mjhuk;/ gjp g{ir Kjypa ew;fphpiaahy; kdk; vDk; gR fuzk; <';F mRj;j ghtidawr; Rj;j ghtidapy; epw;Fk; bka;g;gjpnahf epiyikajdhy; kjp ghrkw;W mjpy; ml';fpLk; ml';fnt kiytpd; bka;";"hd kakha; tut[ nghf;fw;w epiy TLk; vd vdJns te;Jzh;t[ je;j FUnt Jjp tha;ik bgW rhe;j gjk; nkt[k; kjpank JhprW Ra";n$hjpnanjhif thfd kPjpy';f tU njhd;wny brhy;yhpa ey;y Jizna jjp bgWk; brd;idapy; fe;j nfhl;lj;Js; tsh; jynkh';F fe;jntns jz;Kfj; Ja;akzp cz;Kfr; irtkzp rz;Kfj; bja;tkzpna (bja;tkzp khiy)

gpwg;g[. ,wg;g[ mw;w epiy ifTl ntz;Lk; vdpy; "hdbewpf;F ehk; bry;y ntz;Lk;/

vd;d bra;a ntz;Lk;> vg;gor; bra;a ntz;Lk; vd;W xd;Wk; mwpahky; jhd;

,Ue;jjhft[k; ,iwtnd mth; mUfpy; te;J mtiu vGg;gp nahfk; "hdk; Kjypad

g[hpahky; Vd; eype;J nghfpwha;/ vGe;J


97

clnd g[hpthahf mUsKjk; cz;L

,d;g[Wthahf vd;W mwpt[Wj;jpajhft[k; ts;syhh; TWfpd;whh;/ (Mjhuk;) thl;lbkhL rpwpandd; bra;tifia mwpahJ kdkpf ka';fp xU ehs; kz;zpy; fple;J mUis cd;dp cyfpaiy kwe;J Japy;fpd;wnghJ ehl;lKW itfiwapy; vd;dUfize;J vd;id ed;Ww vGg;gp kfnd ey;nahf "hdk; vdpDk; g[hpjypd;wp eP eypjy; mHnfh vGe;nj <l;Lf epd; vz;zk; gypf;f mUsKjk; cz;L ,d;g[Wf vd;w FUnt vd; Mirna vd;wd; md;ngepiwe;j nghpd;gnk vd; bry;tnk/

ntl;lit mspf;fpd;w epjpank rhfhj tpj;ijapy; tpise;j Rfnk bka;";"hd

epiy epd;w tp";"hd fyUns nkt[ eluhr gjpna (3674)

(eluhr gjpkhiy)

nahf "hdk; bra;a ntz;Lk; vd;W

mwpt[Wj;jpa ,iwtnd! mijj; jhd;

tps';fpf; bfhs;SkhW ,d;W ,unt te;J

jdf;Fj; bjhptpf;f ntz;Lk; vd;W ts;syhh; ntz;odhh;/ (Mjhuk;)

Mz;ltd; ePahfpy; cdf;F moaDk; ehdhfpy; mUSilaha; ,d;wputpy; mUspiwaha; te;J


98

ePz;ltnd KjypaUk; jPz;lhpjhk; bghUspd; epiyfhl;o moKoapd; bewp KGJ';fhl;o tPz;ltnd fhiyapy; eP tpHpj;jt[ld; vGe;J tpjp Koj;Jg; g[hpjp ,J tps';F bkdg; g[fy;tha; jhz;ltnd mUl;bghJtpy; jdp Kjny fUizj; jl'; flny beLe;jifna r';fund rptnd (2801)

mth; ntz;oathW ,iwtd; ghjp ,utpy; vGe;jUsp mtUf;F mUl;n$hjp mspj;jhd; (Mjhuk;)

ghjp ,utpy;; vGe;jUspg; ghtpnaid vGg;gp mUl; n$hjp mspj;J vd; cs;sfj;nj N:H;e;J fye;J Jy';Ffpd;wha; ePjp el";bra; nghpd;gepjp ehd; bgw;w beLk;ngw;iw Xjp KoahJ vd; nghy; ,t;t[yfk; bgWjy; ntz;Ltnd/

,Jtiu Twp te;j bra;jpfspd; ,Jtiu Twp te;j bra;jpfspd; ,Jtiu Twp te;j bra;jpfspd; ,Jtiu Twp te;j bra;jpfspd;

bjhFg;g[ ,Jjhd;bjhFg;g[ ,Jjhd;bjhFg;g[ ,Jjhd;bjhFg;g[ ,Jjhd;:

i) g[uhz';fs; fw;gidahf "hdpfshy;

vGjg;gl;lit/ mtw;wpy; tUk; epfH;r;rpfnsh. rk;gt';fnsh

cz;ikapy; ele;jit my;y/ kf;fSf;Fr; brhy;y ntz;oa


99

cz;ikfisa[k;. ePjpfisa[k;

Mjhukhf itj;nj g[uhz';fs; vGjg;gl;Ls;sd/

ii) ,e;j epyt[yfpy; filrpahf te;j

jpUtUl;gpufhr ts;sw; bgUkhdhh; fUizna totkhf tps';fpath;/

jtj;ija[k; nkw;bfhz;Ljhd; jdJ njfj;ij vd;Wk; mHpahj

njfkhf khw;wpf; bfhz;lhh;/ jtk; mtrpank/

iii) $PtfhUz;aKk; ey;y xGf;f';

fisa[k; cila rKrhhpfs;

kl;Lnk jtk; bra;tjw;Fj; jFjpahdth;fs;/

iv) kz;zhy; bra;j ghz;lk; Rl

itj;jhy; kl;Lnk epw;Fk;/

mJnghy; ,e;j njfj;ija[k; jt mf;dpahy; Rl ntz;Lk;/ jtj;jhy;

kl;Lnk mHpahj njfk; bgw Koa[k;/ vdnt jtk; mtrpak;/

v) jtk; bra;tJ vg;go vd xt;bthU

kdpjDk; mwpe;J bfhs;s

ntz;Lk;/


100

rhjidrhjidrhjidrhjid

ts;syhh; ek;ikg; nghy xU jha;f;Fk; je;ijf;Fk; Ie;jhtJ kfdhfg; gpwe;jth;jhd;/ Mdhy; mth; epfH;j;jpa

mw;g[j';fs;; epiwa cz;L/ gj;J ngUf;F kl;Lnk ,Ue;j czit E}W ngUf;Fg;

ghpkhwp ,Uf;fpwhh;/ jpUePW mspj;Jg; ghY bul;oahhpd; Fc;&l nehiaa[k;. njtehj

gps;isapd; kfdhd Iahrhkpg; gps;isapd; ilgha;L Ruj;ija[k;; ,d;Dk; gyUila neha;fisa[k; jPh;j;J itj;jpUf;fpwhh;/

gz;Ul;oapy; mtuJ md;ghpd; tPL vhpe;J bfhz;oUe;jJ/ tlY}hpypUe;j

ts;syhh; jd; nky;Jz;il vLj;J mirf;f gz;Ul;oapy; vhpe;J bfhz;oUe;j jP

mize;J tpl;lJ/ fU';FHpapy; ,ut[ KGJk; jz;zPh;

tpl;nl tpsf;if vhpj;jpUf;fpwhh;/


101

kiHna ,y;yhj fpuhkj;jpy; mth;

jiy kPJ xU brk;g[ jz;zPh; tpl kiH bga;a itj;jpUf;fpwhh;/ rpjk;guj;jpy; eilbgw;w jpUthjpiu

eluh$ eldj;ij tlY}h; jUkr; rhiyapy; xU jpiuapl;L mjpy; fhl;oapUf;fpwhh;/

,g;gog;gl;l gy;ntW mw;g[j';fis

,aw;Wk; Mw;wiy mth; vt;thW bgw;whh;> mtnu xU ghl;oy; TWfpd;whh;/

fhl;ilbayh'; fle;J tpl;nld; ehl;il aile;J cd; foefh;g; bghd; kjpw;fhl;rp fz;Fspuf; fz;nld; nfhl;ilbayh'; bfho ehl;of; nfhykplg; ghh;j;njd; nfhapypd; nky; thapypny Fiwfbsyhk; jtph;j;njd; nrl;ilaw;Wf; fUtpbayhk; vd;trk; epd;wplnt rpj;jpbayhk; bgw;nwd; ehd; jpUr;rpw;wk;gynky; ghl;ilbayhk; ghLfpd;nwd; ,J jUzk; gjpna gye;jUk; vd;cse;jdpny fye;J epiwe;jUns

Rk;kh ,Uj;jy;Rk;kh ,Uj;jy;Rk;kh ,Uj;jy;Rk;kh ,Uj;jy;: kdk;. thf;F. fhak; vd;w K:d;wpida[k; jphpfuzk; vd;ghh;fs;/ ve;j ntiya[k;


102

bra;ahky; clk;igr; Rk;kh itj;jpUf;f

Koa[k;/ mnjnghy; ve;j thh;j;ija[k; ngrhky; thiaa[k; Rk;kh itj;jpUf;f Koa[k;/ Mdhy; ve;j neuj;jpYk; vijahtJ epidj;Jf;

bfhz;nl ,Uf;Fk; kdijr; Rk;kh itj;jpUf;f ahuhYk; ,ayhJ/

ekJ bja;tj; je;ijahh; ghoa ,e;jj; jpUmUl;ghitr; rw;W ftdpg;nghk;/

,d;W tUnkh ehisf;nf tUnkh my;yJ kw; bwd;W tUnkh mwpnad; v';nfhnt Jd;W ky btk;khia aw;W btspf;Fs; btsp fle;J Rk;kh ,Uf;Fk; Rfk;/

,e;jg; ghlypd; bghUs; vd;d>

kdpj clk;gpy; bka;. tha;. fz;. K:f;F. brtp Mfpa Ie;Jk; ,e;jphpa';fs; MFk;/ bjhLk; czh;t[. Rit czh;t[. ghh;it.

thrid. nfs;tp Mfpa Ie;J czh;t[fs; ,it K:yk; ekf;F vg;nghJk; fpilj;Jf;

bfhz;nl ,Uf;fpd;wd/ ,it g[wj;jpy; bray;gl;L tUfpd;wd/ mfj;jpny kdk;.

g[j;jp. rpj;jk;. mf';fhuk; vd;fpd;w me;jf; fuz';fs;; ,a';Ffpd;wd/ mit K:yk;

rpe;jpj;jy;. tprhhpj;jy; epr;rapj;jy;. bray;gLjy; Mfpa bray;ghLfs; epfH;j;


103

jg;gLfpd;wd/ jtk; bra;a Kaw;rpg;gth;fs;

Kjypy; ,e;jphpa';fspd; bray;ghLfis epWj;j ntz;Lk;/ ,e;jphpa';fspd; bray; ghLfs; epd;W tpl;lhYk; fuz';fspd;

bray;ghLfs; epfH;e;J bfhz;Ljhd; ,Uf;Fk;/ mLj;j Kaw;rpahff; fuz';fspd;

bray;ghLfisa[k; epWj;j Kaw;rpf;f ntz;Lk;/ ,e;jphpa';fs; fuz';fs; Mfpa

midj;jpd; bray;ghLfSk; epd;W tpl;lhy; mJnt Rk;kh ,Ug;gJ/ ,e;jphpa';fspd; bray;ghlw;w epiy xU btsp ? fuz';fspd;

bray;ghlw;w epiy xU btsp/ ,e;jphpa btsp fle;J cs;spUf;Fk; fuzbtspiaf;

flg;gijj;jhd; btspf;Fs; btspfle;J vd;Wk; me;j epiyapy; njhd;Wk; Rk;kh

,Uf;Fk; Rfk; ,d;W tUnkh ehisf;nf tUnkh my;yJ kw;bwd;W tUnkh vd;Wk;

V';fpdhh;/ Rk;kh ,Uf;Fk; Rfj;ij milant vy;yh "hdpfSk; mUk;ghLgl;ldh;/ ve;j

tHpapy; brd;why; me;jr; Rfk; vspjpy; fpilf;Fk; vd;W gyntW Kiwfspy;

rpe;jpj;jhh;fs;/ mjd; gadhfnt gyntW rhjidfs; njhd;wpd/

rhjdh rfhak;rhjdh rfhak;rhjdh rfhak;rhjdh rfhak;: "hdpfs; kdpj clk;gpny K:yhjhuk;.

Rthjpc;&lhdk;. kzpg{ufk;. mehfjk;. tpRj;jp.


104

Mf;"h vd;W MW Mjhu';fs; ,Ug;gjhff;

fz;lhh;fs;/ gpukr;rhpa tpujk; iff;bfhz;L Rf;fpyj;ij tPzhf;fhky; nrkpj;J K:r;Rg; gapw;rpapdhy;. K:yhjhuj;jpy; K:z;blGk;

fdiy vGg;gp xt;bthU Mjhukhff; flj;jp Kothf Mf;"h vDk; g[Utkj;jpf;F me;jf;

fdiyf; bfhzh;e;J m';nf cs;s fjitj; jpwe;J nky; mDgtj;ijg; bgw ntz;Lk;/

,jw;fhf xU FUthdth; vt;thW cl;fhh;e;J vt;thW gapw;rp bra;a ntz;Lk; vd;W cgnjrk; bra;thh;/ me;jf; fhyj;jpy; kf;fs;

fl;Lg;ghl;LlDk; xGf;fj;JlDk; FUgf;jp epiwa cilatuha[k; ,Ue;jdh;/ ,e;jg;

gapw;rp xUthW mf;fhyj;jpw;nfw;g ,Ue;jJ/ jw;fhyj;jpy; ehfhPfk; vd;w bgauhy; tPl;ow;F

tPL bjhiyf; fhl;rpg; bgl;o (T.V.) nghd;wit te;Jtpl;l epiyapy; fl;Lg;ghL xGf;fk; Kjypad monahL Fiwe;J tpl;ld/ vdnt

mk;Kiw jw;fhyj;jpw;F xt;thj xd;whf Mfptpl;lJ/

jpUtUl;gpufhr ts;sw; bgUkhdhh; jw;fhyr; N:H;epiyia ed;F mwpe;jtuhjyhy; gapw;rp Kiwia khw;wp ekf;F Vw;g

mikf;fpwhh;/ Mf;"h vd;fpw g[Ut kj;jpapy; cs;s fjitj; jpwe;J bfhs;sf; fdy;

njit jhd;/ gpuk;kr;rhpak;. xGf;fk;. FU gf;jp Kjypait mw;Wg; nghd fhykhf


105

,f;fhyk; tps';Ftjhy; ekJ K:yhjhuj;jpy;

K:z;blG fdiy ehnk nknyw;wpf; bfhs;tJ rhj;akpy;iy/ vdnt Mf;"h gPlj;jpd; fjitj; jpwe;J bfhs;sj; njitahd

btg;gj;ij ntbwhUthplkpUe;J bgw;Wf; bfhs; vd;fpwhh; ts;syhh;/ jf;f Mrhhpaidf;

bfhz;L bew;wpf; fz;izj; jpwe;J bfhs;s ntz;Lk; vd;W ts;syhh; nghjpj;jjpd;

nehf;fk; ,Jnt/ giHa fhyj;J Kiwg;go gapw;rp; bra;jhy; K:yhjhuj;jpd; fdiy xt;nthh; Mjhukhf nknyw;wp Mf;"htpw;Ff;

bfhz;Ltu mnef Mz;Lfs; gpof;Fk;/ mt;tst[ ciHg;iga[k; vspjhf;fpj; jf;f

Mrhhpaidf; bfhz;L clnd jpwe;J bfhs;S';fs;; vd;fpwhh;/ rd;khh;f;fj;jpy; xU

rpyh; rpyiu Mrhhpauhff; bfhz;L rhjfk; bra;J tUfpd;whh;fs;/

fhprhiy mhpaJfhprhiy mhpaJfhprhiy mhpaJfhprhiy mhpaJ: FUtpd; cgnjrk; bgw;W gpuzhahkg; gapw;rpia me;jf; fhyj;jpy; Kiwahfr;

bra;J te;jhh;fs;/ ,jDila gyd; ahbjdpy; eho. Rj;jp mjhtJ ,uj;jk; Rj;jkhFk;/ ,e;jf; fhynkh gpuhzhahkk; bra;ag; nghjpa

neuk; xJf;f Koahj mtruf; fhykhf cs;sJ/ gpuhzhahkj;jpd; mtrpaj;ija[k;

kf;fspd; jw;nghija epiyiaa[k; ed;F


106

czh;e;j ts;sw; bgUe;jif fhprhiyiar;

rhg;gpL';fs; vd;fpwhh;/ myl;rpak; bra;ahky; fhprhiyiaj; jpnd jpnd gr;irahfthtJ my;yJ rikay; bra;jhtJ rhg;gpl ntz;Lk;/

mg;gor; rhg;gpl;lhy; ,uj;jk; Rj;jkhtJld; mrf;jKk; eP';Fk; vd;fpwhh;/ nkYk; gpujk

cs;Slk;ig ePof;fr; bra;a[khk;/ czt[ $Puzpg;gjw;F Kf;fpa cWg;ghfpa fy;yPuiyg;

ghJfhj;J nehaw;w thH;itj; jUk;/ kfhd;fsplj;jpy; brd;W mndf fhyk; fhj;jpUe;jhYk; ,jd; kfpikia btspapl

khl;lhh;fs; vd;Wk; Rl;of; fhl;o vt;tpjj;jhyhtJ fhprhiyiaj; jpnd jpnd

rhg;gpl ntz;Lk; vd;W nghjpf;fpd;whh;/


107

jtk;jtk;jtk;jtk;

mjpfhiy 4/30 kzp Kjy; 6 kzp

tiu mKjf; fhw;W g{kpapy; tpahgfkhf ,Ug;gjhy; xt;bthUtUk; mtrpak; fhiy 4/30 kzpf;nf vGe;J tpl ntz;Lk;/

vGe;jt[ld; fhiyf; flid Koj;Jf; bfhz;L ek; bgUkhdhh; Twpa[s;sgo gy;

nja;j;J Kof;f ntz;Lk;/ gpd;dh; jdp ,lk; xd;wpy; Rfhrdk;

,l;Lr; brt;itahf cl;fhh;e;J bfhs;s ntz;Lk;/ gpd;dh; @m';@ vd;W bksdkhff; Tw ntz;Lk;/ mg;gor; brhy;Yk;nghJ ehf;F

ve;j epiyapy; epd;wnjh mt;thnw mirahky; ehit epWj;jp thia kl;Lk;

mGj;jkhf ,uhJ rhjhuzkhf cjLld; cjL nrUk;go K:of; bfhs;s ntz;Lk;/

gpd;dh; ,U fz;fSk; g[Ut kj;jpia nehf;Fk;gor; bra;J fz;fspd; fhpa kzpfs;

ve;j epiyapy; cs;sdnth mtw;iw mnj epiyapy; epWj;jp ,ikfis K:l ntz;Lk;/


108

gpd;dh; g[Utkj;jpapy; Mrhdhy; njhw;W

tpf;fg;gl;l czh;it kl;Lk; ed;whff; Th;e;J ftdpf;f ntz;Lk;/ ,e;j neuj;jpy; ve;j ke;jpuj;ija[k;

b$gpf;f ntz;oajpy;iy/ Vbddpy; kdk; bray;gl;lhy; ,iw mDgtk; Vw;glhJ/ me;j

czh;it kl;Lk; ftdpj;Jf; bfhz;nl ,Ue;jhy; ehsiltpy; czh;t[ gyg;gLk;/

ehjk;ehjk;ehjk;ehjk;: ehjk; xypf;fj; Jt';Fk;/ ehj xyp nfl;lhy; ,iw mDgtk; Vw;glg; nghfpd;wJ

vd;W czuyhk;/ ,iwtd; tUfpd;whd; vd;W me;j ehjk; czh;j;Jfpd;wjhk;/ Mjhuk;/

kd;dh; ehjh; mk;gyth; te;jhh; te;jhh; vd;W jpUr;rpd;d ehjk; vd;dpuz;L

brtpfspDs; brhy;Yfpd;wnj@ muR tUfpd;w bjd;nw miwfpd;nwd; eP jhd; IaKnwy; cw;Wf;nfs; mirahJ njhHp KuR r';F tPiz Kjy; ehj xyp kpft[k; KH';FtJ jpUnkdp tH';F bja;t kze;jhd; tpur v';Fk; tPRtJ ehrp caph;j;jwpf tPjpbayhk; mUl;n$hjp tps';FtJ fhz;f gurp vjph; bfhs;SJk; ehk; fw;g{u tpsf;Fg;


109

ghpe;bjLj; bjd;Dld; tUf bjhpe;jLj;J kfpH;e;nj (5764)

tlY}h; ts;sw; bgUkhdhh; jdJ 12tJ

tajpy; "hd thH;itj; bjhl';fpdhh;/ 1867y; jUkr;rhiy bjhl';fpa gpwF. mtuJ jtk; me;jr; rhiyapny epiwt[w;wjhf mwptpf;

fpd;whh;/ vy;yh xGf;f';fSk; g{uzkhff; iftug; bgw;wth; ek; bgUkhdhh;/ gpwe;j

nghnj "hd mwpt[ld; gpwe;jth;/ cznth. cilnah. bghd;ndh. bghUnsh vjd; kPJk;

gw;wpy;yhky; ,Ue;J jtk; bra;jjdhy; 32 Mz;Lfspy; Rj;j njfk; bgw;W tpl;lhh;/

Mjhuk; : fhiyapny vd;wdf;nf fpilj;j bgUk; bghUns

fspg;ng vd; fUj;jfj;nj fdpe;j eW';fdpna

nkiyapny ,k;ikapny xUikapny jtj;jhy; nkt[fpd;w bgUk; gadhk; tpisitbayhk; jUkr; rhiyapny xU gfypy; je;jjdpg;gjpna rkur rd;khh;f;fr; r';fj; jiyakh;e;j epjpna khiyapny rpwe;j bkhHp khiyazpe;jhLk;

khelj;junr vd; khiya[k; mzpe;J kfpH;e;jUns/

ehj xyp nfl;f Muk;gpj;j gpd; czh;t[ld; ehjj;ija[k; cw;Wf; nfl;f


110

ntz;Lk;/ mt;thW nfl;Lf; bfhz;oUe;jhy;

me;j ehjkhdJ KuR. r';F. tPiz Kjyhf xypf;Fk;/ mnj neuj;jpy; ,e;jj; J}anjfj;jpypUe;J kyh; kzk; tPRk;

vd;fpd;whh; ek; bgUkhdhh;/ (Mjhuk;)

mk;gyj;nj jpUel";bra; mokyh; vd; Konky; mzpe;J bfhz;nld; md;bghLk; vd; MUaph;f;Fk; mzpe;njd; vk;guj;nj kzf;Fk; me;j kyh; kzj;ij njhHp vd; ciug;ngd; ciuf;f btd;why; vd; mstd;wJnt tk;gpirj;nj dd;wo eP vd;dUnf ,Ue;Jd; kzp ehrp milg;gjidj; jpwe;J Kfh;e;jwpfhz; ek;g[W ghh; Kjy; ehj tiua[s ehl;ltUk; ed;F Kfh;e;jdh; tpae;jhh; ed;kzk; <bjdnt

kyh; kzj;jpw;Fg; gpd;dh;; bgU";n$hjp; njhw;wkhFk;/ mfj;nj me;jf; fhl;rpiaf; fz;L

fspf;Fk; ntisapy; kjp kz;lyj;jKjk; ehtpd; tHpahf ,w';Fk;/ me;j mKjk;

cz;lth;fs; kuzkiltjpy;iy/ xf;f mKjj;ij cz;nlhk; ,dpr;

rw;Wk; tpf;fy; tuhJ fz;lha; vd;W ghLthh;/


111

,jDld; rpw;rig mDgtk; epiwt[Wfpd;wJ/ ngbuhspapd; eLnt bghd;bdhsp njhd;Wk;/ ,g;bghd;bdhspna bghw;rig MFk;/

,g;bghd;bdhspapd; eLnt brt;bthsp

njhd;Wk;/ ,Jnt ,iwtd; ,jd; mirnt eluhr eldk;/ ,e;j xsp clk;gpy; fyg;gnj

,iwtDld; fyj;jy; MFk;/ ,e; epfH;r;rp ,e;j epyt[yfpy; clk;g[ cs;s nghnj Vw;gl ntz;Lk;/ ,e;j mDgtk; bgw;wth;fns

flt[s;epiy mwpe;J mk;kakhdth;fs;/ mth;fs; njfk; vd;Wk; vjdhYk;

mHptjpy;iy/ ts;syhh; bgw;w mDgtk; ,Jnt/ ehk; xt;bthUtUk; bgw ntz;oa

mDgtKk; ,Jnt/ ts;sw; bgUkhdhh; Jiz ,Ue;J ekf;Fk; mth; bgw;w ngw;wpid

mspg;ghuhf/

Md;khMd;khMd;khMd;kh: kdpj njfj;jpy; Md;khthdJ jdpj;J

,Uf;fpwJ/ mjdhy; mJ clk;ig tpl;L btspnawp kuzj;ij clk;gpw;F Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wJ/ me;j Md;khit ,Ujak;

EiuaPuy; nghd;w cs; cWg;ghf khw;wpdhy; mJ clk;ig tpl;L btspnawhJ/ ehk;

bra;af; Toa jtj;jpd; tpist[ me;j


112

Md;khit mf cWg;ghf khw;WtjhFk;/

mjw;bfdnt rpw;rigahfpa g[Ut kj;jp

kdpjDf;Fj; jug;gl;Ls;sJ/ Mjhuk; :

mfg;g{ mft[Wg;ghf;f mjw;fit mfj;nj tFj;j mUl;bgU";n$hjp

(mfty;)

vdnt g[Ut kj;jpapy; kdij epWj;jpj; jtk; bra;J Md;khit cs; cWg;ghf;fp mJ

btspnaw bthl;lhky; jLj;J tplyhk;/ jt btg;gk; Vw Vwj; J}y clk;ghdJ Rj;j njfkhfkhWk;/ kuzj;ij ,t;thW jtph;f;f

Koa[k;/ rpe;jpg;nghk; ? ts;syhh; fhl;Lk; tHpiaj; Jy;ypakhf mwpar; rd;khh;f;f

r';fj;ijr; rhh;nthk;/ mth; fhl;oa tHp ele;J kuzj;ij bty;nthk;/ vd;Wk;

thH;nthk;/ thH;f ts;syhh; xsp bewp/ tsh;f Md;k neak;/


113

tpdh tpiltpdh tpiltpdh tpiltpdh tpil

1) jf;f Mrhhpaidf; bfhz;L bew;wpf; fz;izj; jpwf;fg; bgw;Wf; bfhs;s

ntz;Lk; vd;W ts;syhh; Twpa[s;shh;/ jf;f Mrhhpadpd; yl;rzk; vd;d>

ts;sy; bgUe;jif mUl;bgU";n$hjp mfty; vd;w xd;iw (1596 thpfs;

bfhz;lJ) vGjpa[s;shh;/ mjpny rhfhf; fy;tpapd; juk; ,J vd tpsf;fpa[s;shh;/

thpfs; 1039 Kjy; 1066 tiu) 1/ rh!;j;jpu "hdk; (gu "hdk;)

2/ mDgt "hdk; (mgu "hdk;) 3/ kjp epiy ? utpapd; tsh; epiy ?

mdypd; jpjp epiy 4/ fz epiy ? mtw;wpd; ? fU

epiy 5/ gjp epiy ? gR epiy ? ghr

epiy 6/ gpuk ufrpak;


114

7/ guk ufrpak;

8/ rpt ufrpak; 9/ rj;jpay; ? rpj;jpay; 10/ mwpgit

11/ nfl;git 12/ fhz;git

13/ bra;git 14/ cz;git

,tw;iw ed;F mwpe;J tpsf;ff; Toath;fis xUthW FUthf Vw;Wf;

bfhs;syhk; (my;yJ)

g[j;jp jj;Jtj;jhy; ed;ik jPikia tprhhpj;J ed;ikna cUtha; tps';Fk;/

bghpahiuj; Jiz bfhz;L mtuhy; ,lg;gLk; jpUg;gzpiaf; iff;bfhz;L

,ilawhJ bra;apy; mt;tUisg; bgwyhk; (ciueil gf;fk; 453)

,t;thW njoa[k; xU FUit milayhk;/

2/ bew;wpf; fz;izj; jpwe;J bfhz;ljw;F vd;d milahsk;>

bew;wpapd; g[Ut kj;jpapy; vWk;g[ Ch;tJnghy Xh; czh;t[ Vw;gLk;/ me;j czh;itf; ftdpg;gnj jpahd Muk;gk;/


115

bew;wpf; fz;izj; jpwe;J

bfhz;ljw;F me;j czh;nt milahskhFk;/

3/ ve;bje;j ntisfspy; jpahdk; bra;a

ntz;Lk;> fhiy.khiy. kj;jpahdk;. ,ut[.

ahkk; itfiw ,e;j MW ntisfspYk; jpahdk; bra;a ntz;Lk;/

Mjhuk;

kLf;fEk; nguUs; jz; mKJ vdf;nf khiya[k; fhiya[k; kj;jpahdj;Jk;

fLf;Fk; ,utpDk; ahkj;Jk; tpoaw; fhiyapYk; je;J vd; fLk;grp jPh;j;J

vLf;F ew;whbahLk; ,ize;J epw;fpd;wPh; ,iwatnu ck;ik ,';F fz;ly;yhy;

mLf;ftpH; fiy vLj;J cLf;ft[k; khl;nld; mUl;bgU";n$hjpaPh; Miz Ek;kPnj (ghly; vz; 532)

4/ jpahdk; bra;a[k;nghJ kdjpy; vij

epidf;f ntz;Lk;>

vija[k; epidf;ff; TlhJ/ g[Ut kj;jpapy; Vw;gLk; me;j czh;it kl;Lk; ftdpf;f ntz;Lk;/ ehj xyp


116

nfl;fpd;wjh vd;W kl;Lk; Th;e;J

ftdpf;f ntz;Lk;/ jpahdk; bra;a[k; ntisapy; K:r;R tyJ gf;fk; tUk;go tyJ fhiy ,lJ fhypd; nky;

itj;Jr; Rfhrdj;jpy; brt;itahf

mku ntz;Lk;/ Mjhuk; :

N:hpa fiy vd;gJ tyJ ehrpapy; Rthrpg;gJ/

re;jpu fiy vd;gJ ,lJ ehrpapy; Rthrpg;gJ/

N:hpa fiyapy; jpahdk; bra;a ntz;Lk;

vd;gjw;F Mjhuk;/

@My kuj;joapy; N:hpaid tz';f ntz;oaJ vd;gJ vd;bddpy; N:hpa

fiyapy; jpahdk; Kjypa bray;fs; bra;a ntz;oaJ gw;wpr; brhd;dJ/@

(ciueil gf;fk; 398 jiyg;g[ 80) vija[k; epidf;fhky; ehjj;ij

cw;Wf; nfl;f ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;F

Mjhuk; : muR tUfpd;w bjd;nw miwfpd;nwd; eP jhd; IaKnwy; cw;Wf;nfs; mirahJ njhHp KuR r';F tPiz Kjy; ehj xyp kpft[k; KH';FtJ jpUnkdp tH';F bja;t kze;jhd; tpur v';Fk; tPRtJ ehrp caph;j;jwpf


117

tPjpvyhk; mUl;n$hjp tps';FtJ fhz;f gurp vjph; bfhs;SJk; ehk; fw;g{u tpsf;Fg; ghpe;bjLj; bjd;Dld; tUf bjhpe;jLj;J kfpH;e;nj (2498)

5/ $gk; jpahdk; jtk; K:d;iwa[k;

tpsf;Ff/

FUthdth; cgnjrpf;Fk; ke;jpuj;ijg; gyKiw cr;rhpg;gJ $gk;/

g[wj;nj Xh; cUtj;ij itj;J

mjid cs;ns fhz Kaw;rpg;gJ

jpahdk;/

vija[k; epidahky; kdij xU epiyapy; itj;Jr; bray;glhky;

,e;jphpa';fisa[k; fuz';fisa[k; epWj;Jtnj jtk;/

6/ ,e;j tpsf;f';fl;F vd;d Mjhuk;>

$gk; :

brt;tha;f; fpHik tpuj Kiw ek;

bgUkhdhh; vGjpaUspapUf;fpwhh;/ mjpy;

mth; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sJ


118

@Xk; tapj;jpa eh jha ek vd;W

E}w;bwl;L. Mapuj;bjl;L ,uz;oy; ve;j msthtJ brgpj;J ////////@ (ciueil gf;fk; 583)

jpahdk;

@jpahdk; bra;a ntz;Lkhfpy;

VjhtJ Xh; cUtj;ijj; jpahdpf;f ntz;Lk;/ epc;&fskha; ,Uf;fg;glhJ/ cUtkhf ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;/ mUtkhfj;

jpahdpf;fg;glhJ/ gpd; cUt';fiue;J mUtkhFk;/ Jitjkhf ,Ue;jhy;

mj;itjk; jhnd MFk;/ vg;go vdpy; ghh;f;Fk; jhd; bfLtJ mj;itjk;/

ghh;f;fg;gLk; bghUSk; bfLtJ mjPjk; rj;jpak;/@ (ciueil gf;fk; 398/

jiyg;g[ 81/ jpahdk;)

jtk; ,d;W tUnkh ehisf;nf tUnkh my;yJ kw; bwd;W tUnkh mwpnad; v';nfhnt Jd;Wky btk;khia aw;W btspf;Fs; btsp fle;J Rk;kh ,Uf;Fk; Rfk;/ kd; g[Ut eL Kjyh kdk; g[ijj;J beL';fhyk; vd; g[Utha;j; jtk; bra;thh; vy;yhUk; Vkhf;f


119

md;g[Utk; bgw;wjd; gpd; mUSUtk; mile;J gpd;dh; ,d;g[Utk; Mapid eP vHpy; thjt{h; ,iwna/

g[Ut kj;jpapy; kdk; g[ijj;J epw;gnj jtk; vd;gJk; ,e;jphpa';fSk;

fuz';fSk; fle;J Rk;kh ,Ug;gnj mjd; Rfk; vd;gJk; tps';Fk;/

7/ $gk;. jpahdk;. jtk; Mfpa K:d;wpDs;

ts;syhh; bra;jJ vd;d> jtk; jhd;/ (Mjhuk;)

ehnd jtk; g[hpe;njd; ek; bgUkhd; ey;yUshy; ehnd mUl;rpj;jp ehlile;njd; ? ehnd mHpah totk; mit K:d;Wk; bgw;nwd; ,Hpahky;MLfpd;nwd; ,';F (2247)

jhd; jtk; g[hpe;jijg; gyg;gy ghly;fspy; ts;syhh; TWfpd;whh;/

8/ jtk; bra;nthh; milaf; Toa

mDgt';fis thpirg; gLj;jpf; Tw

Koa[kh>

Kf;fpakhd rpwg;g[ tha;e;j mDgt';fis ts;sw; bgUe;jif

vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;whh;/


120

1/ g[Ut kj;jpapy; czh;t[

2/ ehj mDgtk; 3/ fhl;rp mDgtk; 4/ mKjk; cz;Qqjy;

5/ ,iwtndhL fye;J kuzj;ij bty;Yjy;

Mjhuk; 1) Rw;wJ kw;wt;tHp khN:jJ vd;W vz;zhj;

bjhz;lbuyhk; fw;fpd;whh; gz;Lkpd;W'; fhzhh;

vw;w Jk;g[ kzpkd;wpy; ,d;g elk; g[hpa[k; vd;Dila Jiuna ehd; epd;Dila

mUshy; fw;wJ epd;dplj;nj gpd; nfl;lJ

epd;dplj;nj fz;lJ epd;dplj;nj cl;bfhz;lJ

epd;dplj;nj bgw;wJ epd;dplj;nj ,d;g[w;wJ epd;dplj;nj bghpa jtk; g[hpe;njd; vd; bgw;wp

mjprank (3044)

2) mwpgit vyhk; mwptpj; bjd;Ds;ns gpwptw tps';Fk; bghpa rw;FUnt

nfl;git vyhk; nfl;gpj; bjd;Dns ntl;ifapd; tps';Fk; tpky rw;FUnt

fhz;git bayhk; fhl;L tpj;bjdf;nf khz;gjk; mspj;J ta';F rw;FUnt bra;git vyhk; bra; tpj;bjdf;nf


121

ca;git mspj;bjDs; X';F rw;FUnt

cz;git vyhk; cz;Qqtpj; bjd;Ds; gz;gpdpy; tps';Fk; guk rw;FUnt (mfty; thp 1055 ? 1064)

9/ ntW mDgt';fs; VnjDk; cz;lh>

i) ehj mDgtj;jpy; ,e;j clk;gpypUe;J kyh; kzk; tPRk;/ Mjhuk;

mk;gyj;nj jpUel";bra; mokyh; vd; Konky;

mzpe;J bfhz;nld; md;bghLk; vd; MUaph;f;Fk; mzpe;njd;

vk;guj;nj kzf;Fk; me;j kyh; kzj;ijj; njhHp vd; ciug;ngd; ciuf;f vd;why; vd;dstd;wJnt tk;gpirj;njd; md;wo eP vd; mUnf ,Ue;Jd; kzp ehrp milg;gjidj; jpwe;J Kfh;e;jwpfhz; ek;g[W ghh;Kjy; ehjtiua[s ehl;ltUk; ed;F Kfh;e;jdh; tpae;jhh; ed; kzk; <bjdnt (2448)

ii) ,iwtDld; fye;j gpd;dh; clk;gpy; fw;g{u kzk; tPRkhk;/ Mjhuk;

fw;g{uk; kzf;fpd;wbjd; clk;g[ KGJk; fzth; jpUnkdpapny fye;j kzk; mJjhd; ,w;g{j kzk;nghny kiwtjd;W fz;lha;,aw;if kzk; Jhpa epiw ,iw totj;Jsnj


122

bghw;g{t[k; eWkzKk; fz;lwpahh; cyfh; g[z;zpadhh; jpUtotpy; ez;zpa thwJnt ew;g{jp mzpe;j jpUtot[ Kw;Wk; njhHp ehd; fz;nld; ehd; g[zh;e;njd; ehd; mJ Mndnd (2457)

iii) g[Ut kj;jpapy; Vw;gLk; czh;tDgtk; bjhlh;e;J ,uhky; rpy fhyk;

jilgl;oUf;Fk; Mjhuk;/

,th;f;Fk; vdf;Fk; bgU tHf;fpUf;fpd;wJ / / / md;W ,njh tUfpd;nwd; vd;W nghdth; m';nf ahh; bra;j jilahnyh ,Ue;jhh; vd; ifapy; r';if ,d;W jk; ifapy; bfhz;nl te;J epw;fpd;whh; ,';nf ,e;jf; fjit K:L ,th; nghtjpdp v';nf (1232)

,e;jg; ghly; Mwhk; jpUKiwf;

fPh;j;jidg; gFjpapy; cs;sJ/ Ie;jhk; jpUKiwapypUe;J kw;WbkhU ghliyf;

fhzyhk;/ jdpj;j guehj Koj;jyj;jpd; kpirj; jiyj;nj jiytbuyhk; tz';f epd;w jiytd; eluh$d; ,dpj;j Rfk; mwpe;J bfhsh ,sk; gUte;jdpny vd; g[Ut eL ,Ue;jhd; gpd;g[ fz;nld; ,y;iy mdpj;jkpyh ,r; rhpjk; ahh;f;Fiug;ngd; me;njh


123

mtd; mwpthd; ehd; mwpntd; maywpthh; csnuh Jdpj;j epiy tpLj;bjhUfhy; Rj;j epiy mjdpy; Rf'; fz;Lk; tpLntndh brhy;yha; vd; njhHp (3026)

(iv) bjhlh;e;J Kd;ndw Koahky;

gytpjkhd jilfs; Vw;gLk;: ehk; ,e;j epiyf;F cah;e;J tpl;nlhk;

vd;w Mztk; Vw;glyhk;/ jtj;jpy; Kjypy; ,Ue;j Mh;tk;

gog;goahff; Fiwe;J nghfyhk;/ mf';fhuk; Vw;gl;Lj; jtj;ijj; jil

bra;ayhk;/

kz;. bgz;. bghd;. g[fH; ,g;go VjhfpYk; Xh; ,r;irapy; kdk; gw;wyhk;/

Mztk;. khia. fd;kk; Mfpa Kk;ky';fisj; jLf;f mUs; Jiz

fpl;lhkYk; nghfyhk;/ (Mjhuk;)

"hdkzpg; bghJel";bra; jpUto fz;olnt elf;fpd;nwd; me;njh Kd; ele;j tHp mwpnad; CdkpFk; Mztkhk; ghtp vjph;g; gLnkh cilikbayhk; gwpj;jpLnkh eilbkype;J nghnkh


124

<dKWk; mf';fhug; g[yp FWf;nf tUnkh ,r;ir baDk; ,uhf;fjg; nga; vidg; gpoj;Jf; bfhSnkh Mdkyj; jil ePf;f mUs; Jizjhd; cWnkh Iah; jpUt[sk; vJnth ahJ kwpe;jpynd/ (119)

10/ ehk; jt mDgtj;jpy; tsh;e;J

tUfpnwhk; vd;gjw;F vspa mDgtk; VnjDk; cz;lh>

ehk; cz;Qqfpd;w cztpd; mst[k; ehk; J}';Ffpd;w J}f;fj;jpd; mst[k;

Fiwe;J bfhz;nl tUk;/ MirfSk; Fiwe;J tUk;/ Mjhuk;

@jpahdk; kakhdhy; bghrpg;g[ khWk;@

(ciueil gf;fk; 533)

11/ jtk; bra;a vg;go cl;fhh;e;J vt;thW bra;a ntz;Lk;>

,lJ fhypd; kPJ tyJ fhy;

,Uf;Fk;gor; Rfhrdk; ,l;L mkuntz;Lk;/ KJF neuhf ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;/ ,uz;L fz;fisa[k;

g[Utkj;jpia nehf;Fk;go epWj;j ntz;Lk;/ bjw;F nehf;fp cl;fhu

ntz;Lk;/ kdjpy; vija[k; epidahky;


125

g[Ut kj;jpapy;; njhd;Wk; czh;tpy;

kl;Lk; ehl;lk; itf;f ntz;Lk;/ 12/ bjw;F nehf;fp cl;fhu ntz;Lk;

vd;gjw;F vd;d Mjhuk;>

jpU mUl;gh ciueilapy; ts;syhh; Twpa[s;sJ/ fpHf;F ? jpf;if nehf;fpj; jpahdk; bra;fpd;wJ nghf rpj;jpiag; bgWfpd;wjw;F nkw;F ? brhh;z rpj;jpiag; bgWfpwjw;F bjw;F ? rhfhf;fiyia (epj;jpa njfj;ija[k; "hd rpj;jpiaa[k;) bgWfpwjw;F tlf;F ? rpj;j Rj;jpiag; bgWfpwjw;F

bjw;F rhfhf; fiyia epj;jpa

njfj;ijj; jUtjhy; bjw;F nehf;fp cl;fhu ntz;Lk;/

(ciueil gf;fk; 349) 13) fz;fs; ,uz;Lk; g[Ut kj;jpia

nehf;f ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;F vd;d Mjhuk;>

,e;jg; ghliyf; ftdpa[';fs; : md;dg; ghh;g;ghy; mHfhk; epiya{nl mk;gyk; bra;J epd;whLk; mHfh;


126

Jd;dg; ghh;j;J vd; caph;j; njhHpa[k; ehDk; N:jhLfpd;w mr;N:Hypy; te;nj cd;idg; ghh;j;Jd;Ds;ns vd;idg; ghuhnj Ciug; ghh;j;njho cHy;fpd;w bgz;nz vd;idg; ghh; vd;fpd;whh; vd;do mk;kh vd;if gpof;fpd;whh; vd;do mk;kh/ (2404)

14/ nkw;Twpa ghlypd; tpsf;fk; vd;d>

md;dg; ghh;g;g[ vd;gJ md;dg; gwitf; F";R MFk;/ md;dg;

gwitia nehpy; ghh;f;fhtpl;lhYk; glj;jpy; ghh;j;jpUf;fpd;nwhk;/ thj;jpd; cly; nghYk; bfhf;fpd; fGj;jpd;

nghYk; ,Uf;Fk;/ ekJ fz;fs; md;dg; gwitapd; clyhf ,Uf;Fk;gog; glk;

xd;W tiue;jhy; mJ ,t;thW ,Uf;Fk;

md;dg; gwitapd; mHfhd epiy g[Ut

kj;jpiaf; Fwpf;fpd;wJ/ me;j epiyna


127

mk;gyk; vd;gJ/ m';nf eldk;

MLfpd;whdhk; ,iwtd;/ Jd;dg; ghh;j;J vd;why; beU';fpg; ghh;j;J vd;W bghUs;/ fz;fs; ,uz;odhYk; g[Ut

kj;jpia nehf;fpdhy; mit beU';Fk;/

15/ ve;jtpjr; rhjid bra;a ntz;Lk; vJ ntz;lhk; vd;W ts;syhh; v';fhtJ

TwpapUf;fpwhuh> ,lJ ehrpj;Jthuj;jpy; K:r;ir

,Gj;J cs;ns rpwpJ neuk; mlf;fpg; gpd;dh; tyJ ehrpj; Jthuj;jpd;

tHpahf btspna tpl;L kWgo tyJ ehrpapy; ,Gj;J cs;ns mlf;fp ,lJ

ehrp tHpahf btspna tpLfpd;w Rthrg; gapw;rp xd;W cz;L/ ,jw;F

vz;zpf;if mst[Tl cz;L/ ,ijg; g{ufk; Fk;gfk; nurfk; vd;W TWthh;fs;/ ,e;jg; gapw;rp ntz;lhk;

vd;fpwhh;/

fz;fspYs;s fUtpHpia kiwf;fr; bra;jYk;. mtw;iwr; Rw;WjYk;.

mtw;iwf; bfhz;L ,ikahky; cw;W nehf;FjYk; nghd;w gapw;rpa[k; ntz;lhk; vd;fpwhh;/


128

Xh; Mrhid mile;J mtdplk; mwpt[ tpsf;fk; bgw;W fuz';fs; eP';fpf; fdy; vGk;g[fpd;w gapw;rp

ntz;Lk; vd;fpd;whh;/

Mjhuk;/

gw;WjYk; tpLjYk; cs; mlf;FjYk; kPl;Lk; gLjbyhL RLjYk; g[z;gLj;jYk; ,y;yhnj cw;bwhsp bfhz;nlh';fp v';Fk; jd; kakha; "hd cUthfp caph;f;Fapuha; X';Ffpd;w beUg;ng Rw;WjYk; njhd;WjYk; kiwjYk; btr;brd;nw RLjYk; ,y;yhJ vd;Wk; Jy';Ffpd;w Rlnu Kw;Wk; czh;e;jth; csj;nj jpUr;rpw;wk;gyj;nj Ka';Fk; elj;junr vd; bkhHpa[k; mzpe;jUns/ (850)

gw;Wjy;: K:r;Rf;fhw;iw cs;ns ,Gj;jy; ? g{ufk;

tpLjy;: K:r;Rf;fhw;iw

btspna tpLjy; ? nurfk;

cs;slf;Fjy;: K:r;Rf;fhw;iw cs;nsna

mlf;Fjy; Fk;gfk; kPz;Lk; gLjy; ? ,t;thW kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; bra;jy; RLjy; ? btg;gk; cz;lhFjy;


129

g[z;gLj;jy; ? K:yj;jpy; uj;jk; btspg;gLjy; ,y;yhJ ? ,it ,y;yhky; Rw;WjYk; ? fz;fisr; RHw;Wk; gapw;rp njhd;WjYk; mg;gona fz;fis epWj;Jjy; kiwjYk; fUtpHpiag; gpd;gf;fk; jpUg;gp bts;is epwk; kl;Lk; btspna bjhpa[k;gor; bra;jy; btr;brd;nw rLjYk; ? fz;fis ,ikf;fhJ epWj;jp vhpf;Fk;gor; bra;jy; ,y;yhJ ? ,itfs; ,y;yhky; cw;W xsp bfhz;L ? Mrhhpad; mDf;fpufj;jhy; xsp bgw;W X';fp ? mjid tsur; bra;a[k; jtk; ,J ntz;Lk; vd;fpwhh;/

16/ mt!;j;ijfs; vj;jid> mit ahit>

mt!;j;ijfs; K:d;W ? mitahtd

$hf;uj;. brhg;dk;. RGj;jp vd;gdthFk;/

17/ mtw;wpd; tpsf;fk; vd;d>

cs;sk; gpj;j cc;&zj;njhL To

yyhl!;jhdj;jpy; epw;gJ $hf;uj;/ brhg;dkhtJ thj ehonahL Tof;fz;l

!;jhdj;jpy; ,Ug;gJ RGj;jpahtJ cs;sk; rpnyj;Jk; ehonahL To khh;g[


130

!;jhdj;jpy; epw;gJ (ciueil gf;fk;

395. jiyg;g[ 70)

18/ mUspaypy; cs;sth;fis vj;jid tifaha; ts;syhh; gphpf;fpwhh;>

moah; vd;Wk; md;gh; vd;Wk; ,uz;lhfg; gphpf;fpd;whh;/ Mjhuk;/

broaWj;nj jpl njfKk; nghfKk;

moaUf;nf jUk; mUl;bgU";n$hjp

Jd;gWj;J xU rpt Jhpa Rfe;jid md;gUf;nf jUk; mUl;bgU";n$hjp

19/ moaUf;Fk; md;gUf;Fk; cs;s

tpj;jpahrk; vd;d>

jpl njfKk; nghfKk; kl;Lk; moah; bgWth;/ Jhpa Rfk; md;gUf;Ff;

fpl;Lk;/ 20/ md;gh; vd;gth; ahh;>


131

md;gh; vd;gJ bghUs; g[fHhjpiaf; Fwpj;Jg; gapy;nthiu ePf;fpr; rpthde;jk; ve;ehs; milJk; vd;W ,iltplhJ

mjidna tpUk;gpg; gapy;nthiuf; Fwpj;jJ vd;W czh;f/

(ciueil gf;fk; 170 ? xHptpbyhLf;fg; ghapu tpUj;jp)

mfg; gzpahfpa jtk; bra;nthiu md;gh; vd;W jpU mUl;gh

tpsf;Ffpd;wJ/ Mjhuk;

kzthsh; tUfpd;w jUzkpJ kltha; khspifapd; thapbyyhk; tsk;bgw eP g[idf Fzthsh; miza[k; kyh; miz mfj;ij ehnd Fyt[ kzp tpsf;fj;jhy; my';fhpf;fg; g[Fntd; jzthj Rfe;jUk; vd; jdpf; fzth; thpnyh rw;Wk; may; thjidfs; cw;wpLjy; Mfh mzthj kdj;jtiug; g[wg; gzpf;nf tpLf md;g[ilahh; fSf;fpLf mfg;gzp bra;jplnt (2466)

21/ Kd; brhd;d ghliy tpsf;Ff :-

kzthsh; tUfpd;w jUzkpJ kltha;


132

vd;id kze;j vd; fzth; tUk; neuk; ,JthFk; njhHp

njhHp vd;gJ kdk; khspifapd; thapbyyhk; tsk;bgw eP g[idf/ khspif ? njfk; thapy; ? bka; tha; fz; K:f;F brtp Mfpa ,e;jphpa';fs;

,e;j njfj;jpYs;s Ie;J

,e;jphpa';fshfpa bka;. tha;. fz;. K:f;F. brtp Mfpaitw;iw Fw;w';fs;

,y;yhJ J}a;ikahf itj;Jf; bfhs;/ Kjypy; ,e;jphpa xGf;fj;jpw;F th vd;W bghUs;/

Fzthsh; miza[k; kyh; miz

mfj;ij ehnd Fyt[ kzp tpsf;fj;jhy; my';fhpf;fg;

g[Fntd;

vy;yh ew;Fz';fSk; mikag; bgw;w vd; fzth; vd;id mizaf; Toa ,lk; vd; mfkhfpa g[Ut

kj;jpapy; cs;s kyuizna ahFk;/ me;j kyuizia ehnd vd; ,uz;L

fz;fis beUf;fpg; ghh;j;J mHF gLj;Jntd;/

kzp ? vd;gJ fz;kzp


133

Fyt[ ? vd;gJ ,Uth; kfpH;t[ld;

beU';fp beU';fp; cwthLtijf; Fyht[jy; vd;fpnwhk;/,uz;L fz;fSk;

beU';fpg; g[Ut kj;jpia nehf;Ftijna Fyt[ kzp

tpsf;fk; vd;whh;/

jzthj Rfe;jUk; vd; jdpf; fzth; thpnyh rw;Wk; may; thjidfs; cw;wpLjy; Mfh/

jzpahj ,d;gk; mspf;fpd;w vdJ xg;gw;w fzth; tUifapy; vdf;Fg;

g[wk;ghf cs;s ve;jr; bra;jpa[k; cs;ns EiHaf; TlhJ/

mzthj kdj;jtiug; g[wg;gzpf;nf tpLf

md;g[ilahh; fSf;fpLf mfg;gzp bra;jplnt ,ij xg;g[f; bfhs;shj kdk;

cilath;fl;Fg; g[wj;nj bra;af; Toa ntiyfis ,Lf/

rpthDgt tpUg;gKilath;fl;nf mfg; gzpahfpa jtk; bra;gzp

,Lf/


134

22/ jtk; bra;tJ mtrpak; vd;W ts;syhh;

typ;a[Wj;jp cs;shuh> Mk;/ mDgtkhiyg; ghlypy; ,ijtpl mjhtJ jtk; bra;tij tpl ehd;

bra;af; Toa gzp ntW vd;d TW vd;W tpdt[fpwhh;/ Mjhuk;

jhH; FHyha; vidr; rw;nw jdpf;f tpl;lhy; "hd rigj; jiyth; tUfpd;w jUzkpJ ehd; jhd; thH;til bghd; kz;lgj;nj gspf; fiwapD}nl kyuizia my';fhpj;J itj;jpLjy; ntz;Lk; N:Gw ehd; my';fhpg;ngd; vd;fpd;wha; njhHp Jiuf;F kdkpy;iyaJ Jzpe;jwpe;njd; gyfhy; VH; flypy; bghpjd;nwh ehdile;j Rfkp';F ,ijtpl ehd; bra; gzp ntbwg;gzp eP ,ak;ng (2464)

jhH; FHyha; vd;Wk; njhHp vd;Wk; ,';F miHf;fg;gl;lJ kdijna

MFk;/ kdk; my';fhuk; bra;tJ ,iwtDf;Fr; rk;kjkpy;iy vd;Wk;

ehd; mile;j Rfk; VG fliy tplg; bghpaJ vd;Wk; ,ijtpl ehd; bra;gzp


135

ntbwg;gzp vd;Wk; nfl;fpwhh;/ jtk;

bra;tJ vjida[k; tpl kpf kpf mtrpak; vd;gJ tpsf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ/

23/ rpw;rig bghw;rig ,uz;Lk; kdpj

clk;gpy; v';nf ,Uf;fpd;wd> kdpj njfj;jpy; g[Ut kj;jpna

rpw;rig MFk;/ Mrhhpad; xUtid mQqfp mtdplk; rhjid vg;gor;

bra;tJ vd;W fw;Wf; bfhz;lJk; vWk;g[ Ch;tJ nghy Xh; czh;t[

njhd;Wk;/ me;j czh;t[ bjhl';fp ehj mDgtj;jpw;Fg; gpd; njhd;Wk; ngbuhspf;

fhl;rpa[ld;. mKjk; cz;gJ tiu rpw;rig mDgtk; MFk;/

ngbuhspapd; eLnt njhd;Wk;

bghd;bdhspa[k; mjd; eLnt njhd;Wk; cs;bshspahfpa brt;bthspa[k; bghw;rig

mDgt';fs; MFk;/ Mjhuk;/

fs;Sz;lhbsdg; g[fd;whh; fdfrig eLnt fz;lJz;L rpw;rigapy; cz;lJk; cz;lo ehd; vs;Sz;l gytplaj;jpwf;F';fs; md;nw


136

vd;Wk; ,wth epiyapy; ,Uj;J';fs; cyfh; cs;Sz;l nghJ kaf;Fw;wpL';fs;; mynt cs;s kaf;fidj;jpida[k;; xHpj;jpL';fs; kltha; ms;Sz;l gpwUk; vid mLj;jLj;Jf; fz;lhy; mwpt[ jUk; mth;f;Fkp';nf ahDz;l fs;ns (mDgtkhiy ghly; 12)

24/ rkaj; bja;t';fs;; gw;wp; ts;syhhpd;; fUj;J vd;d>

xt;bthU rkaKk; xt;bthU

bja;tj;ijj; jiyikahf itj;J tHpgl;L tUfpd;wJ/ irtk; rptida[k;.

itztk; ehuhazida[k;. bfskhuk; KUfida[k;. fhzhgj;ak; fzgjpiaa[k;. rhf;jk; rf;jpiaa[k; brsuk; N:hpaida[k;

,njnghy; kw;w kj';fspy; ,!;yhk; my;yhita[k;. fpwpj;Jtk; gukgpjhit

a[k;. i$dk; mUfiua[k;. tz';FtJ nghy cyfj;jpYs;s mj;jid rka';

fSk; j';fs;; bja;tnk cah;e;jJ vd;Wk; cz;ikahdJ vd;Wk; nghjpg;

gJld; kw;w bja;t';fs; cz;ikapy; cs;sjy;y vd;Wk; nghjpf;fpd;wd/ vy;nyhUf;Fk; bghJthf ,iwtd;

xUtnd/ me;j xUtidj; jhd; xt;bthU rkaKk; j';fs; j';fs;

kdk;nghd nghf;fpy; bgahpl;L tz';fp


137

tUfpd;whh;fs;/ vy;yhg; bgah;fSk; vy;yh

tot';fSk; "hdpfspd; fw;gidna jtpu cz;ikapy; ,Ug;gdty;y/ vdnt rkaj; bja;t';fis tHpghL bra;tJ

mtrpaky;y/

25/ rkaj; bja;t';fs;; fw;gidna vd;why; bja;tj;jpd; cz;ikjhd; vd;d

xt;bthUtUk; j';fs; mfj;jpny jhd; ,iwtid mwpa Koa[nk jtpug; g[wj;jpy; mJjhd; ,iwtd; vdf;

fhl;l KoahJ/ Mjhuk; : bghJ czh; czUk; nghjyhy; gphpj;nj mJ vdpy; njhd;wh mUl;bgU";n$hjp (mfty;)

26/ ,iwtid mUl;bgU";n$hjpahf

ts;syhh; TWfpd;whnu ? me;j

mUl;bgU";n$hjpa[k; mDgtk; jhdh>

Mk;/ mUl;bgU";n$hjpa[k;; mDgtnk/ Mjhuk;

jD fuzhjpfs; jhk; fle;J mwpa[k; Xh; mDgtkhfpa mUl;bgU";n$hjp

(mfty;)

27/ mUl;bgU";n$hjp vg;nghJ mDgtkhFk;>


138

jD vd;gJ cly;/ mjhtJ bka;.

tha;. fz;. K:f;F. brtp Mfpa Ie;J ,e;jphpa';fs;/

fuzhjpfs; vd;gJ kdk;. g[j;jp. rpj;jk;. mf';fhuk; Mfpait MFk;/

,e;jphpa';fSk;. fuz';fSk; fle;j epiyapy; mjhtJ bray;ghlw;w epiyapy; mUl;bgU";n$hjp mDgtkhFk;/

28/ me;j mDgtk; vg;go ,Uf;Fk;>

kdk; bray;ghlw;w epiyapy; mjhtJ tpe;J. ehjk;. gutpe;J vd;w

epiyfs; fle;J guehjk; vd;w epiy jtj;jpy; Vw;gLk;nghJ ngbuhsp xd;W

njhd;Wk;/ gpd;dh; mjd; eLnt bghd;bdhsp njhd;Wk;/ Kotpy; mjd;

eLnt brt;bthsp njhd;Wk;/ ,e;jr; brt;bthspna ,iwtd; MFk;/

Mjhuk;: <w;wwpnad; ,Ue;J ,Ue;J ,';F mjprag;gbjd; eP vd;fpd;wha; eP vid tpl;L VFbjhWk; ehd;jhd; fhw;wwpahj; jPgk; nghy; ,Ue;jpLk; mj;jUzk; fz;l ghpR vd;g[fy;ntd; mz;lgfpuz;lk; njhw;wwpahg; bgU";n$hjp kiy guehjj;nj njhd;wpaJ

M';F mjd; eLnt njhd;wpaJ xd;W mJjhd;


139

khw;wwpahg; bghd; xspnah mt;bthspf;Fs; MLk; ts;sy; mUbshspnah <J mjprapf;Fk; tifna (5767)

29/ kdk; vg;nghJ mWk;>

(nghj mirt[); mth mwpy; kdk; jhnd

mWk;/ m`J mwhj ,lj;J vt;thw;whDk;

mwhJ/ 30/ ghrk; vg;nghJ eP';Fk;>

jtk; bra;J guehj epiy mDgtk;

Vw;gLk; nghJ ghrk; mWk;/

Mjhuk; : ghpf;fpuf epiy KGJk; bjhlh;e;njhk; nkiyg; gutpe;J epiy midj;Jk; ghh;j;njhk; ghrk; vhpf;Fk; ,aw; guehj epiyf; fz; bky;y va;jpndhk; mg;ghYk; vl;og; nghndhk; bjhpf;fhpa btsp K:d;Wk; bjhpe;njhk; v';Fk; rptnk epd; rpd;kak; Xh; rpwpJk; njnwhk; jhpf;fhpJ vd;W Mfk';fs; vy;yhg; nghw;wj;


140

jdpepd;w guk; bghUns rhe;jj; njnt (kfhnjt khiy 64)

31/ ghrj;ij mWf;f ntW VnjDk; tHp cz;lh> rhpia fphpia Koj;J nahf rhjidapy;

gjpa[ld; xd;W gl;lhy; ghrk; mWk;/ Mjhuk; :

gjp g{ir Kjy ew;fphpiaahy; kdk; vDk; gRfuzk;

<';F mRj;j ghtid mwr; Rj;j ghtidapy; epw;Fk; bka;g; gjpnahf epiyik mjdhy; kjp ghrk; mw;W mjpd; ml';fpLk; ml';fnt kiytpd; bka;";"hd kakha; tut[ nghf;fw;w epiyTLk; vd vdJns te;Jzh;t[ je;j FUnt

Jjp tha;ik bgW rhe;j gj nkt[ kjpank JhprW Ra";n$hjpna njhif thfd kPjpy';f tUnjhd;wny brhy;yhpa ey;y Jizna jjp bgWk; brd;idapy; fe;j nfhl;lj;Js; tsh; jynkh';F fe;jntns jz;Kfj; Ja;akzp

cz;Kfr; irtkzp rz;Kfj; bja;t kzpna (bja;tkzp khiy 5)

32/ ts;syhh; ve;j epiy mile;jhh;> ts;syhh; Kj;njf rpj;jp bgw;whh;/

33/ Kj;njf rpj;jp vd;gJ vd;d>

,e;j J}a njfj;ijr; Rj;j njfk;. gpuzt njfk;. "hd njfk; Mf

khw;wpf; bfhs;tJ/


141

34/ J}y njfj;ijr; Rj;j. gpuzt. "hd

njfkhf khw;wpf; bfhz;lhy; J}y njfk; vd;d MFk;>

J}y njfk; jhd; Rj;j gpuzt "hd njfkhf khWk;/

35/ njf khw;wj;ijr; rw;W tpsf;ft[k;>

FHe;ijg; gUtj;jpy; ek;Kila

KfKk; njfKk; vg;go ,Ue;jd> thypg

tajpy; Kfj; njhw;wKk; cly; tsKk; vt;thW ,Ue;jd/ taJ Kjph;e;jt[ld;

mnj KfKk; cly; njhw;wKk; vt;thW tps';Ffpd;wd/ FHe;ijg; gUtj;jpy;

,Ue;j Kfk; tajhd gpd; fpHL jl;o tpLfpd;wnj/ milahsk; fhz

KoahjthW Kfj; njhw;wk; khWgl;L tpLfpd;wnj/ me;j Kfk; ngha; ntW Kfkh njhd;wpaJ/ xnu Kfk; FHe;ijg;

gUtj;jpypUe;J thypgg; gUtj;jpYk; gpd;dh; tnahjpfg; gUtj;jpYk; vt;thW

khw;wk; mile;J tpLfpd;wnjh mt;thnw ,nj J}y njfkhdJ Rj;j

gpuzt "hd njfkhf khWfpd;wJ/


142

36/ Rj;j njfj;ij vt;thW miltJ/

mjd; jd;ik vd;d> J}y njfkhdJ jt btg;gj;jpdhy;

ntjpf;fg;gLk;nghJ njf khw;wk; Vw;gLfpd;wJ/ MfhuKk; J}f;fKk;

Fiwe;J bfhz;nl te;J njitapy;iy vd;w epiy Vw;gLk;/ Mfhuk;

,y;yhjjhy; ky$yKk; ,Uf;fhJ/ tpah;ita[k; epHYk; ,Uf;fhJ/ njfk; njhd;Wk; gpogLk;/ taJ 12 taJ

gUtk;/ Rj;j njfj;jpd; jd;ik ,t;thW ,Ug;gJld; cnuhkKk; tsh;r;rp

jhH;r;rp ,y;yhJ epd;W tpLk;/

37/ gpuzt "hd njf';fspd; jd;ik vd;d>

gpuzt njfk; njhd;Wk;/ gpoglhJ/ gUtk; 5 taJ gUtk; MFk;/ "hd

njfk; njhd;wpa[k; njhd;whkYk; ,Uf;Fk;/

38/ ,e;j K:d;W njf';fisa[k; ts;sw;

bgUkhdhh; tpsf;fpa[s;sthnw tpsf;Ff:

Rj;j njfk;Rj;j njfk;Rj;j njfk;Rj;j njfk;


143

fhhpa U:gk;

gu czh;r;rp gu mwpt[ guj;Jtk;

bghd; tz;zk; mgu";rp khw;W

12 taJ gUtk; eiu jpiu gpzp

K:g;g[ kyk; $yk; tpah;it Mfhuk; epj;jpiu jhfk;

rhia Kjypad ,y;yhik

nuhk tshr;rp jhH;r;rp ,y;yhik

fh;k rpj;jp fy;g njfp

mgu khh;f;fp

gpuzt njfk;gpuzt njfk;gpuzt njfk;gpuzt njfk; guk;gu njfk;

guk;gu mwpt[ guk;gu jj;Jtk; 16 Kjy; 108 tiu

khw;W 5 taJ Kjy; 8 taJ gUtk;

njfk; njhd;Wk; gpoglhJ


144

rh;t rpj;jp

gpuhz fy;g b$ae;jp

"hd njfk;"hd njfk;"hd njfk;"hd njfk; v';Fk; g{uz tpahgfk;

guhgu mwpt[ guhgu jj;Jtk; mst[ fle;j khw;W ciuglhjJ

rg;j ka jhprdk; cUtk; njhd;wpa[k; njhd;whkYk;

,Uf;Fk; rh;t kfh rpj;jp

rh;t Rje;juk; fhyhjPjd;

39/ ts;syhh; Rj;j njfk; bgw;whh; vd;gjw;F vd;d Mjhuk;>

Rj;j njfk; epHy; ,Uf;fhJ/

epHw;glk; (nghl;nlh Photo) vLf;f

,ayhJ/ ts;syhiu xd;gJ Kiw Kaw;rp bra;Jk; mtuJ epHw; glk;

vLf;f ,ayhJ nghapw;W/ epHw; glj;jpy; mth; cUtk; tpHtpy;iy/ mjdhy;

xt;bthU ts;syhh; glKk; xt;bthU tpjkhf ,Uf;fpd;wjw;F mtuJ cz;ikahd Kf cUtk; epHw;glj;jpy;


145

tpHhky; nghdnj fhuzk;/ ,uhkfpUc;&z

gukcwk;!h; tpntfhde;jh; nghd;nwhhpd; epHw;glk; cs;sJ/ ts;syhhpd; epHw;glk; ,y;iy/ mth; Rj;j njfk; bgw;wjw;F

,Jt[k; xU rhd;W/

40/ ts;syhh; bgw;w kuzkpyhg; bgU thH;tpw;F mfr; rhd;W VnjDk;

cz;lh> jhd; mile;j me;j thH;itg;

gyg;gyg; ghf;fspy; giwrhw;wpa[s;shh;/ xd;wpuz;il cjhuzkhf ,';nf

fhzyhk;/ MLfpd;w nrtof;nf Mshndd; khshj ahf;if bgw;nwd; TLfpd;w rd;khh;f;f r';fj;nj eLtpUe;J Fyht[fpd;nwd; ghLfpd;nwd; ve;ij gpuhd; ghjg; g[fiHg; ghog;gho ePLfpd;nwd; ,d;gf; Tj;jhLfpd;nwd; vz;zbkyhk; epuk;gpndnd

fhw;whny g[tpahny ffdkjdhny fdyhny g[dyhny fjpuhjpahny Tw;whny gpzpahny bfhiyf;fUtpahny nfhshny gpwtpaw;Wk; bfhL"; bray;fshny ntw;whny v";"hd;Wk; mHpahnj tps';Fk; bka;aspf;fntz;Lbkd;nwd; tpiue;jspj;jhd;


146

Vw;whny ,Hpbtd ePh; epidahjPh; cyfPh; ve;ij mUl;bgU";n$hjp ,iwtidr;rhh;tPnu/

ehnd jtk; g[hpe;njd; ek; bgUkhd; ey;yUshy; ehnd mUl;rpj;jp ehlile;njd; ? ehnd mHpah totk; mit K:d;Wk; bgw;nwd; ,Hpahky; MLfpd;nwd; ,';F/

41/ fhiyapy; fhprhiy J}Jis KRKRf;if rPufk; ,it xd;W fye;j

bghoia cz;z ntz;Lk; vd;W ts;syhh; Twpa[s;shnu/ mjdhy; Vw;gLk;

ed;ikfs; vd;d>

ehk; cz;Qqk; czit $Puzpg;gjw;Ff; fy;yPuy; jhd; bgUk;gzp Mw;WfpwJ/ mf; fy;yPuiyg;

gGjilahJ ghJfhf;Fk;/ uj;jj;Jld; fye;Js;s kw;w fpUkpfis ehrk;

bra;tJld; ,uj;jj;ija[k; Rj;jkhf;Fk;/ mrf;jk; nghf;Fk;/ mjhtJ fisg;g[

milar; bra;ahJ/ kuzj;jpw;F K:y fhuzkhd rspiaa[k; ePf;Fk;/ thj

gpj;j rpnyj;Jk';fs; TlhkYk; Fiwah kYk; mst[ld; epw;Fk;/

42/ kw;w mUshsh;fs; Vd; Twtpy;iy>


147

kfhd;fs; mwpe;Jk; gytw;iw

,ufrpakhfnt fhg;ghw;wp kiwj;J tpl;lhh;fs;/ ek; kPJ bfhz;l bgU'; fUiz fhuzkhfnt ,tw;iwbay;yhk;

ts;syhh; tpsf;fpdhh;/

43/ thdj;jpd; kPJ kapyhlf; fz;nld;

kapy; Fapyhr;Rjo mf;fr;rp kapy; Fapyhr;Rjo // vd;W Xh;

mUl;gh ghh;j;njd;/ mjd; bghUs;

vd;d>

thdk; vd;gJ g[Utkj;jp/ kapy; MLk;nghJ jdJ njhifia tphpj;Jr;

rpyph;f;Fk;/ mjd; njhifapy; fz;nghd;W epiwa ,Uf;Fk;/

g[Utkj;jpapy; bew;wpf; fz; cs;s ,lj;jpy; Xh; mirt[ njhd;Wk;/ ekJ ,U fz;fshYk; mij cs;ns fhz

ntz;Lk;/ ,e;jj; jtk; bra;a[k; Kiwiaj;jhd; thdj;jpd; kPJ

kapyhlf; fz;nld; vd;whh;/ mt;thW ehk; rhjid bra;J te;jhy; ehjk;

nfl;Fk;/ ,e;j mDgtj;ijna kapy; Fapy; Mr;Rjo vd;whh;/ ,';nf mf;fr;rp vd;w xU brhy;iy ek; bgUkhdhh;


148

ifahSfpd;whh;/ mf;fr;rp vd;w

brhy;iyg; gphpj;jhy; mf; + mr;rp vd;W MFk;/ mr;R vd;gJ Kf;fpakhdJ/ mf; vd;gJ ` MFk;/ fPHpuz;L g[s;spfs;

Kfj;jpuz;L fz;fs;/ nkYs;s g[s;sp bew;wpf; fz;/ kdpj clk;gpy; ,e;j K:d;W fz;fs; jhd; mr;R MFk;/

jtj;jpw;F Ma[jk; ,e;j K:d;Wnk/ mjdhy; jhd; ,jid Ma[j vGj;J

vd;whh;fs;/

44/ Ma[j g{i$ bfhz;lhLtjd; jj;Jtk; vd;d >

etuhj;jphp tpHhtpy; filrpahf Ma[j g{i$ mjw;fLj;j ehs;

tp$ajrkp/ mjhtJ kfpc&hRu rk;khuk; Koe;j filrp ehs;/ ,jd; tpsf;fk;

vd;dbtdpy; kfpc&k; vd;gJ vUik/ vUik vd;gJ jhkr Fzk;/ mRud;

vd;gJ jhkj Fzj;jpdhy; cz;lhFk; nfLfs;/ Ma[j g{i$ vd;gJ FUtpd; mUshy; bew;wpf; fz;izj; jpwe;J

bfhz;L jtk; bra;J jhkr Fzj;ij bty;tnj kfpc&hRu rk;khuk;/


149

45/ ntj';fs; Mfk';fs; g[uhz';fs;

,jpfhr';fs; ,it gw;wpa ts;syhh; fUj;J vd;d>

mitfspy; cz;ikfs; Twg; gl;Ls;sd/ MdhYk; me;j cz;ik

fisg; ghku kf;fSk; g[hpe;J bfhs;sf; Toa tifapy; btspg;gilahfr;

brhy;yhky; kiwj;jpUf;fpd;whh;fs;/ mitfspy; Twg;gl;Ls;s vy;yhr; rk;gt';fSk; fw;gidna jtpu cz;ik

tuyhwy;y/ cz;ik kiwf;fg;gl;L tpl;ljhy; ve;j ed;ikiaf; fUjp

mit vGjg; gl;ldnth me;jg; gad; kf;fSf;Fr;nrutpy;iy vd;gnj ts;syhh;

fUj;J/ Mjhuk;

ntjhfk';fs; vd;W tPz; thjk; MLfpd;wPh; ntjhfkj;jpd; tpistwpaPh; N:jhfr;

brhd;dtyhy; cz;ik btspnjhd;w ciuj;jypiy

vd;d gandh ,it/

46/ jpU"hdrk;ge;jh; jpUeht[f;furh; nghd;nwhh; jpUk;gp tUthh;fs; vd;w ngr;rpw;nf vg;go ,lkpy;iynah


150

mt;thnw ts;syhUk; jpUk;gp tUthh;

vd;w ngr;rpw;nf ,lkpy;iy vd;W TWfpwhh;fns cz;ikah>

,y;iy/ jpU"hdrk;ge;jh; jpUeht[f;furh; nghd;nwhh; jhk; ,Ue;j

fhyj;jpy; clk;ig kiwj;Jf; bfhs;Sk; rpj;Jf;fs; bgw;wjhf ,y;iy/ Mdhy;

ts;syhh; 1870k; Mz;nl jd; cliy kiwj;Jf; bfhz;L MW khj';fs; fHpj;J btspg;gl;oUf;fpwhh;/ gpwFk;

gyKiw kiwe;J kiwe;J gpd;dh; btspte;jpUf;fpwhh;/ ,ij mtuJ

jiy khzhf;fh; bjh/ ntyha[j Kjypahh; milahW gpUk;k "hd

r';fj;jpw;F mspj;j thf;FK:yj;jpy; Twpa[s;shh;/ clnyhL kiwtJk; gpd;dh;

clnyhL tUtJk; ts;syhh; bgw;w ngW. vdnt Kd;nghynt kPz;Lk; ts;syhuhy; tu Koa[k;/ tUthh;/

47/ mth; clnyhL kiwe;jjw;F muR

Mjhuk; cz;lh>

xUth; ,we;J tpl;lhy; mtuJ brhj;Jf;fis mtuJ thhpRjhuh; clnd mDgtpf;fyhk;/ Mdhy; xUth;


151

fhzhky; ngha; tpl;lhnyh rl;lg;go VG

Mz;Lfs; fHpe;j gpd;dh;jhk; thhpRfs; mtuJ brhj;Jf;fis mDgtpf;f Koa[k;/ ,Jjhd; ,e;jpa ehl;Lr; rl;lk;/

ts;syhh; 1874k; Mz;L $dthp 30k; ehs; fhzhky; ngha; tpl;lhh;/ mth;

nghpypUe;j tlY}h; jUkr;rhiy cs;spl;l epy';fSf;F murh';fj;jhh;

VG Mz;Lfs; rl;lg;gof; fhj;jpUe;nj 1881k; Mz;L khh;r; khjk;jhd; V$z;Lfis epakpj;jdh;/ ts;syhh;

fhzhky; nghdjw;F ,Jnt nghJkhd MjhukhFk;/

48/ ts;syhh; kiwe;jpue;j fhy';fspy;

vd;d bra;jpUg;ghh;>

jtk; jhd; bra;jpUg;ghh;/ ntW vd;d bra;jpUf;f Koa[k;/


152

49/ ,g;g[j;jfj;ij ,Jtiu goj;jjdhy;

vij kf;fs; mwpe;J bfhs;s ntz;Lk;>

ey;ybjhU tpdh/ bghWika[ld;

goa[';fs; :

1/ kdpjg; gpwtp vspjpy; fpl;lhj xd;W/ ekf;Ff; fpl;oa[s;sJ/

2/ gpwe;njhk; thH;fpnwhk; ,wf;fg; nghfpnwhk; vd;w mwpt[ tpsf;fk;

kdpjid jtpu ntW ve;j $PtDf;Fk; fpilahJ/

3/ kdpjdha;g; gpwe;J Vd; kuzk; mila ntz;Lk; vd;W rpe;jpf;f ntz;Lk;/

4/ gpzp. K:g;g[. gak;. Jd;gk;. Mgj;J. tpgj;J nghd;w kuzj;jpw;Fhpa

fhuz';fis czu ntz;Lk;/ 5/ ek;ikg; nghyg; gpwe;J tsh;e;j

ts;syhh; kuzj;ijbtd;wpUf;fpwhh; vd;gij ed;whf czu ntz;Lk;/

6/ ek;khYk; kuzj;ij bty;y Koa[k;

vd;w ek;gpf;if bfhs;s ntz;Lk;/ 7/ Kjypy; khkpr czit cz;zhky;

mij monahnl kwe;J tpl ntz;Lk;/


153

8/ ts;syhh; Twpa[s;s Mfhug;

gf;Ftj;ija[k;. ,e;jphpa xGf;fk;. fuz xGf;fk; Kjypatw;iwa[k; mjp jPtpu tpUg;g Kaw;rpa[ld; gHf

ntz;Lk;/ 9/ xU ey;y FUit mLj;J ekJ

bew;wpf; fz;izj; jpwf;fg; bgw;Wf; bfhz;L xt;bthUtUk;

jtk; bra;a ntz;Lk;/ 10/ me;jj; jt cc;&ze;jhd; clk;ig

khw;Wk; rf;jp cilaJ vd mwpa

ntz;Lk;/ 11/ rpdk; fhkk; cl;glj; jPa Fz';fs;

midj;jpida[k; ePf;f ntz;Lk;/ 12/ rhpia fphpia nahfk; "hdk;

Mfpa ehd;F bewpfspYk; epw;f ntz;Lk;/

13/ rkaj; bja;t';fs; midj;Jk; fw;gidna vd;W jPh;f;fkhf mwpa ntz;Lk;/

14/ ts;syhiuna bja;tkhf Vw;Wf; bfhz;L gf;jp bra;a ntz;Lk;/

mth; fhl;oa tHpapy; jtwhky; elf;f ntz;Lk;/

15/ vy;yh $Ptd;fsplKk; ,uf;fk; fhl;l ntz;Lk;/ me;j ,uf;fj;jpw;F Xh; mst[ ,Uf;ff; TlhJ/


154

16/ gpw caph;fs; kPJ fhl;Lk; jat[

xd;wpdhy; kl;Lnk mUisg; bgw Koa[k; vd;W czu ntz;Lk;/

17/ Toa mst[ epiwe;j kdJld;

thHg; gHf ntz;Lk;/ 18/ bte;ePiuna Fof;f ntz;Lk;/

bte;ePhpnyna Fspf;f ntz;Lk;/ 19/ $PtfhUz;ak; Kjw;go. mjDld;

xGf;fk;. gf;jp. Mfhuf; fl;Lg;ghL. jtk; Kjypatw;iw tplhJ filg;gpoj;jhy; kuzj;ij

bty;yyhk;/

,g;g[j;jfk; fpilf;Fkplk;

1) K/ ghY 98 neU bjU

MH;thh; jpUefh; brd;id?600 087

2) rp';fg;g{h; rptFkhh;

3) Rgh!;re;jpud; knyrpa _mfj;jpah; rd;khh;f;f

FUFy ,af;fk;. knyrpah


155

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