vaccination for contagious diseases livestock handling and vaccine administration adapted from the...
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Vaccination for Contagious Diseases
Livestock Handling and Vaccine AdministrationAdapted from the FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination for Contagious Diseases (2011)
Handling and Restraint for Vaccination
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease - Administration
• Safety is first consideration• All restraint should be imposed by
experienced handlers• Use behavioral principles to move
and restrain animals• Always leave an escape route
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease - Administration
Key Points of Handling
Flight Zone, Point of Balance, Blind Spot
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease - Administration
General Handling
• Halters–Most common method
• Equine Stocks– Different from cattle
stocks, no head catch
– Never enter the stocks with a horse
• Twitch – Places pressure on a
horse’s upper lipUSDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease - Administration
Equine Handling
• Chutes–With or without
headgates and metal arms
• ‘Lock ups’– Dairy operations at the
feed bunk
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease - Administration
Cattle Handling
• Approach slowly, calmly• ‘Tipping’ restraint– Set a sheep onto its rump
• Cupping under jaw and behind head to restrain
• Cupping under jaw and on dock of tail to move
• Alleys and gates
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease - Administration
Sheep Handling
• Tall alleyways, fences• A chute with headgates• Halter• Fitting table or milking
stand
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease - Administration
Goat Handling
• Often placed into a smaller pen
• Young pigs may be held• Snare poles• Flags, plastic paddles or
panels should be used as primary movement aids
• Avoid overuse of electric prods
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease - Administration
Swine Handling
Vaccine Administration
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease - Administration
• For all species:– Use a new needle for each animal
– Dispose of needles appropriately
– Do not give multiple vaccinations in the same site on any animal
– No more then 10 ml in any one site, and separate injection sites by 4 inches
– Check to make sure needle has not punctured a blood vessel
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease - Administration
Vaccine Administration
• Neck is the preferred injection site for subcutaneous injection
• Administer intramuscular vaccines in the neck
• May administer in muscles of the hindquarters
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease - Administration
Equine
• Subcutaneous or intramuscular injections– In triangular region of the
neck
• Do not inject the upper rump or upper butt
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease - Administration
Cattle
• Subcutaneous injections in the loose skin of axillary region
• Intramuscular injections given in the neck muscles
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease - Administration
Sheep
• Subcutaneous injections: axillary region
• Intramuscular injections in large muscles along the side of the neck
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease - Administration
Goat
• Small pigs– Subcutaneous injections:
loose flaps of flank skin or behind the elbow
• Large pigs– Subcutaneous injections in
the neck, just behind and below the ear
• Intramuscular injections: in the neck just behind and below the ear
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease - Administration
Swine
• Recommended needle sizes are based on:– Species
– Age of the animal
– Route of administration
–Manufacturer recommendation
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease - Administration
Needle Sizes
Record Keeping
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease - Administration
• Individual animal or group identification– Devices and number(s)
• Owner’s name and mailing address
• Signalment– Species, age, sex, breed
• Vaccination date
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease - Administration
Vaccination Record
• Vaccination route and location• Vaccine information– Brand or manufacturer
– Product name or number
– Lot number
– Expiration date
• Withdrawal date (for food-producing animals)
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease - Administration
Vaccination Record
• FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines & SOP: Vaccination for Contagious Diseases (2011)– http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_h
ealth/emergency_management/
• Vaccination for Contagious Diseases web-base training module– http://naherc.sws.iastate.edu/
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease - Administration
For More Information
Authors (CFSPH)• Jim Roth, DVM, PhD, DACVM
• Amber Stumbaugh, MS
• Anna Rovid-Spickler, DVM, PhD
• Danelle Bickett-Weddle, DVM, MPH, PhD, DACVPM
Reviewers (USDA) • Patricia Foley, DVM, PhD
• R. Alex Thompson, DVM, PhD
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease - Administration
Guidelines Content
Acknowledgments
Development of this presentation was
by the Center for Food Security and
Public Health at Iowa State University
through funding from the USDA APHIS
Veterinary Services
PPT Author: Patricia Futoma, Veterinary Student, Iowa State University
Reviewers: Cheryl L. Eia, JD, DVM, MPH; Janice Mogan, DVM