uzalishaji, matumizi na hifadhi ya malisho bora · 2018. 7. 10. · malisho bora ni yapi...
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UZALISHAJI, MATUMIZI NA HIFADHI YA MALISHO BORA
UTANGULIZI:
Teknolojia ya malisho ni Teknolojia inayokua kwa kasi kufuatia Wafugaji wengi kuhamasika juu ya uwekezaji katika eneo la Malisho, pamoja na ongezeko kubwa la
watu nchini na shughuli nyingi za kibinadamu.
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……UtanguliziKituo cha Utafiti wa Mifugo (TALIRI) -Uyole kimeibua, kutafiti na kusambaza teknolojia mbalimbali za ufugaji bora ikiwemo tekinolojia ya uzalishaji wa malisho bora.
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……utangulizi
• Wafugaji hawana budi kujua malisho bora ni nini, Aina mbalimbali za malisho pamoja na kujua njia mbalimbali za upandaji, Utunzaji,Uvunaji, Ulishaji na Hifadhi ya malisho.
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MALISHO BORA NI YAPI
❖ yaliyoboreshwa,
❖ kuhakikiwa na kuainishwa juu ya uborawake kisayansi na kujulikana kuwa na viwango vyajuu vya viini lishe vya protini, Nishati, madini,vitamini nyuzinyuzi na uwezo wa juu wa uzalishaji
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AINA ZA MALISHO
Zipo aina kuu tatu za malisho;
❖Malisho ya asili
❖Malisho ya kupandwa
❖Masalia/mabaki ya mazao ya mashambani
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SIFA ZA MALISHO YA ASILI:
❖Upatikanaji wake ni mdogo/haba
❖Hayatoi chakula cha kutosha (low biomass yield)
❖Yana ubora hafifu/duni ( low nutritive value 4-5.5% CP)
❖Hukomaa mapema hivyo kupoteza ubora wake
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SIFA ZA MALISHO YA KUPANDWA
❖Upatikanaji wa uhakika
❖Yameboreshwa
❖Hukuwa kwa haraka
❖Hayakomai mapema
❖Hutoa chakula kingi ( High biomass yield)
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MGAWANYIKO WA MALISHO YA KUPANDWA
Malisho ya kupandwa yamegawanyika katika makundi makuu matatu,
❖Jamii ya nyasi,
❖Mikunde na
❖Miti malisho
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USAMBAZAJI WA MALISHO
❖ Rhodes Boma,
❖Mabingobingo (Nappier grass),
❖ Congo Signal (Brachiaria decumbens )
❖ Desmodium intortum (Green leaf desmodium)
❖ Desmodium ancenatum (Silver leaf desmodium)
❖Miti malisho aina ya Leucaena diversifolia (Lukina), Calliandra calothysus (Kalliandra) Leucaena Pallida
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1(i).NYASI JAMII YA RHODES:
❖Hutoa kiwango kikubwa cha protini -9.2 %
❖Hujieneza kwa haraka baada ya kupandwa
❖Hukua kwa haraka na kufikia urefu wa mita moja hadi moja na nusu
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Upandaji kwa kutumia mbegu
• Mbegu husambazwa kiholela (Broadcasting) au kwenye mistari kwa kufungua mifereji.
• Ikiwezekana zifukiwe kwa haro, miiba au reki
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Shamba la Rhodes
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UVUNAJI WA MBEGU❖Mbegu za Rhodes hukomaa katika umri wa miezi 6-
7
❖Ni vyema masuke ya mbegu yakavunwa mapema mara yanapo komaa na kabla mbegu haija pukutika
❖Anika mbegu kivulini na pasipo na unyevunyevu
❖Pukuta mbegu
❖Safisha mbegu
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Uandaaji wa mbegu ya Rhodes
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1.(ii)NYASI AINA YA MABINGOBINGO
SIFA:
❖Huchipua haraka baada ya kukatwa, na kutoa malisho mengi
❖Hubaki kijani kibichi wakati wa kiangazi,
❖Huzuia mmomonyoko wa udongo .
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UPANDAJI WA MABINGOBINGO
❖Tumia pingili zilizokomaa vizuri zenye vifundo vitatu,
❖ fukia vifundo viwili chini ya udongo au tumia vikonyo vilivyogawanywa
❖Tumia vipimo vya sentimita 50 kati ya mmea na sentimita 100 kati ya mistari
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2) -MALISHO JAMII YA MIKUNDE: (Herbaceous legumes)
AINA; • DESMODIUM Desmodium intortum/Desmodium
uncenatum
SIFA:❖Ina kiwango kingi cha protini (19.0 % CP)
❖Husambaa haraka kwa vikonyo
❖Huvumilia kukatwa na kuchungiwa
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UPANDAJI
❖Panda kwa kutawanya mbegu kwa mkono
❖Hupandwa pekee tu ikiwa lengo ni kuzalisha mbegu
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3) -MITI MALISHO .(MULTIPURPOSES TREES
• Leucaena diversifolia
• Calliandra calothyrsus
• Leucaena pallida
• Acacia angustissima
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SIFA❖Ina viwango vikubwa vya protini –(20 – 29 % CP)
❖Hudumu miaka mingi
❖Hubakia kijani kibichi hata wakati wa kiangazi
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UHIFADHI WA MALISHO YA MIFUGO
1-Kuhifadhi kama hei
2- Kuhifadhi kwa njia ya kutengeneza saileji: