A M E R I C A N

Utilizing Nephelometers for Near Roadside

John Carney

Mark Phelps

Andrew Tolley

American Ecotech

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Roadside Monitoring

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Nephelometers 101

Light trap

Sample outlet

Sample inlet

Temp RH sensor

Measurement bench

Reference shutter motor

PMT,HV supply, pre amp

PMT signal

LED module

Pressure sensor

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Nephelometer Readings

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The first generation in LED Light Source introduced in 2002

Evolution of LED Light Source

Three Wavelength

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Next Generation of LED Lightsource

Evolution of LED Light Source

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Advantages Stable light intensity

Stable light wavelength generation

Bandpass filters not required

Negligible thermal interference during measurement

Minimal mthly maint. (<10 minutes per month!)

Evolution of LED Light Source

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Opal Diffuser in front of LED array

Evolution of LED Light Source

Result – Light intensity approaching Lambertian distribution resulting in negligible error.

6770-01 BACKSCATTER LIGHT SOURCE

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ANGLE

INTE

NSI

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SineSine backRED FULLRED BACKGREEN FULLGREEN BACKBLUE FULLBLUE BACK

26o Rise Angle

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New Generation of LED Lightsource

Fewer LEDs – Three lamps per wavelength Compact Light Source Further reduction in measurement bench heating (between

sample and ambient temperature) User adjustable intensity pots (extend lifetime of light source) Fully field serviceable Backwards compatible with older units.

Evolution of LED Light Source

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Near Roadside Monitoring

Dust Monitoring

Forest Fire/Smoke Monitoring

PM Correlation Monitoring

Solar Energy Site Assessment and Operation

Field Applications

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Near Roadside

I-40 Station – Raleigh

• Gas Analyzers (NOx, Ozone)

• Particulate Monitors (BAM, Aethalometer, Ultrafine)

• Samplers (passive, TSP)

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Installation

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Installation

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Preliminary Data

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Preliminary Data

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Preliminary Data

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Preliminary Data

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Dust Monitoring

Sydney Dust Storm – September 2009

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New South Wales EPA Air Monitoring Network

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Field Applications

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Field Applications

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Field Applications

Bushfire Smoke Alert Level

Categories 24hr PM10 ug/m3

1hr PM10 ug/m3

Visibility

Visibility <50 ug/m3 <80 ug/m3 >20 km

Low

Unhealthy -Sensitive

51 - 65 ug/m3 81-175 ug/m3 Less than 20 km but more than 10 km

High

Unhealthy - All

66-155 ug/m3 176-300 ug/m3 Less than 10 km but more than 5 km

High

Very Unhealthy

156-310 ug/m3 301-500 ug/m3 Less than 5 km but more than

1 km

High

Hazardous

Greater than 310 ug/m3

Greater than 500 ug/m3

Less than 1 km

Victoria EPA Forest Fire alert categories based on PM10 and visibility

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Smoke MonitoringPollutants

OzoneO3

OzoneO3

Nitrogendioxide

NO2

VisibilityNEPH

Carbonmonoxide

CO

Sulfurdioxide

SO2

ParticlesPM10

ParticlesPM2.5

Averaging Periods1-hour

average

4-hourrolling

average

1-houraverage

1-houraverage

8-hourrolling

average

1-houraverage

24-hourrolling

average

24-hourrolling

averageSydney East Randwick 2.5 1.4 0.4 0.37   0.4 24  

Rozelle 2.4 1.3 0.5 0.46 0.3   24.9  Lindfield 2.2 1.2 0.5 0.35   0.1 19.8  Chullora 2.5 1.1 0.9 0.39 0.4 0.1 23.4 12.2Earlwood 2.8 1 0.8 0.43     25 11.6

Sydney North-west

Richmond 2.9 1.4 0.4 1   0 28 17.4St Marys 4.1 1.8 0.7 5.43     34.7  Vineyard 2.7 1.3 0.3 0.52   0 24.6  Prospect 2.9 1.4 0.6 0.74 0.2 0.1 27.5  

Sydney South-west

Bargo 3.7 1.7 0.7 13.12   0.2    Bringelly 3.1 1.5 0.3 2.16   0.1 31.9  Camden 3.1 1.5 0.4 3.17 0.3   37.4 24.7Campbelltown West

3.2 1.5 0.6 2.2 0.6 0.1 26.4  

Liverpool 2.9 1.3 0.6 0.68 0.5   29.1 19.4Oakdale 4.6 2.9 0.6 11.16     72.3  

Illawarra Wollongong 3.4 2.6 0.3 1.36 0.5 0.1 31.6 28.7Kembla Grange 4 2 0.4 5.02     66.9  

Albion Park Sth

4.4 2.4 0.6 6.23   0.1 62.6  

Lower Hunter Wallsend 2.3 1.4 0.4 0.51   0.1 22.3 13.1Newcastle 2.3 1.8 0.5 0.39 0.1 0.9 27.1  Beresfield 1.7 0.9 0.7 0.78   0 35.5  

Central CoastWyong 2.9   0.2 0.5 0.2 0.1 22.2 14.5

Central Tablelands Bathurst             63.7  

North-west Slopes Tamworth             12.7  

South-west Slopes Albury             27.9  

Wagga Wagga Nth

            72.6 45.1

Upper Hunter - Muswellbrook

Muswellbrook     0.5     0.1 32.3 13

Upper Hunter - Singleton Singleton     1.1     0.1 28.9 10.8

                 Air Quality Index    

VERY GOOD GOOD FAIR POOR VERY POOR HAZARDOUS

New South Wales Air Quality October 20, 2013 8:00 – 9:00 AEST

Brush Fire Event

Nephelometer – hourly average based on 1 or 5 minute (high

frequency) data, capturing smoke event as it occurs

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Smoke Monitoring

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Portable Functionality

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Correlation of Nephelometers

Correlation of PM2.5 measurements and scattering coefficients

Puget Sound Clean Air Agency Study – Residential Area◦ Collocated Instruments: American Ecotech Nephelometer Radiance Research (RR) Nephelometer Partisol (FRM) for PM2.5 TEOM with PM2.5 head TEOM (FDMS-TEOM) PM2.5 head BAM 1020 PM2.5

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FRM vs. Nephelometer

Particulate Monitors

FRM PM2.5 μg/m3 vs Ecotech Nephelometer scattering - Non-fit through zero24 hour means - 07/21/05-09/07/05 and 12/15/05-02/28/06

y = 23.94x + 0.0117R2 = 0.9882

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Light scattering

3 da

y sa

mpl

ing

cycl

e - P

artis

ol P

M2.

5 μg/

m3

n = 37/46Linear (n = 37/46)

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FDMS TEOM vs. Nephelometer

Particulate Monitors

FDMS-TEOM PM2.5 μg/m3 vs Ecotech Nephelometer scattering24 hour means - 07/21/05-09/08/05 and 12/07/05-03/13/06

y = 26.545x - 1.5865R2 = 0.9583

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Light scattering

FDM

S-TE

OM

PM

2.5 μ

g/m3

n = 142/147Linear (n = 142/147)

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BAM vs. Nephelometer

Particulate Monitors

Beta Attenuation Mass Monitor PM2.5 μg/m3 vs Ecotech Nephelometer scattering24 hour means - 07/21/05-09/07/05 and 12/07/05-03/13/06

y = 25.066x - 0.8637R2 = 0.9466

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Light scattering

BA

M P

M 2.5 μg

/m3

n =141/146Linear ( n =141/146)

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Results

Nephelometer correlates well(r2 > 0.94) with:

◦The US Federal Reference Method◦FDMS-TEOM

◦FEM Beta Attenuation Monitor

Particulate Monitors

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Continuous Correlation – Aurora Neph and BAM-1020

Particulate Monitors

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Renewable Energy Field

Courtesy of yesRenewables

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Sue Kimbrough and Richard Snow – USEPA Office of Research and Development

Acknowledgments

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Email: jcarney@americanecotech.comWeb: www.AmericanEcotech.com

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