utilize electronic media 2011

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Code No. Utilizing Electronic Media inFacilitating Training

Date: Developed Date: Revised Page #

July 2010 2

TABLE OF CONTENTS

HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIAL ................... 4

Learning Outcome Summary ............................................................................ 8

LEARNING EXPERIENCES ............................................................................. 10

Information Sheet No. 6.1-1- Safety Handling of Electronic Equipment ........... 12

Self-Check No. 6.1-1................................................................................. 15

Answer Key No. 6.1-1 ................................................................................ 16

Information Sheet No. 6.1-2- The Video Camera Recorder .............................. 17

Self-Check 6.1.2 ........................................................................................ 21

Task Sheet 6.2.1 - Operating A Video Camera Recorder .................................. 22

Procedural Checklist 6.2.1......................................................................... 29

Information Sheet 6.1.3 - Tips and Tricks in Video Shooting ........................... 31

Information Sheet No.. 6.1-4 - The LCD Projector ........................................... 36

Self-Check No. 6.1-3.................................................................................. 44

Answer Key No. 6.1-3 ................................................................................ 44

Information Sheet No. 6.1-5 - The Mixer Amplifier .......................................... 45

Self-Check No. 6.1-5.................................................................................. 49

Task Sheet No. 6.2-5 - Connecting and Operating the Microphone and MixerAmplifier ........................................................................................................ 50

Procedural Checklist ................................................................................. 52

Information Sheet No. 6.1-6 - The Microphone ............................................... 53

Self-Check No. 6.1-6.................................................................................. 58

Answer Key No. 6.1-6 ................................................................................ 59

Task Sheet No. 6.1-2 - Procedure in Interconnecting a Video Camera Recorder toan LCD Projector and Public Address System ................................................. 60

Information Sheet No. 6.1-7 - Techniques in Demonstrating in Front of the

Video Camera ................................................................................................ 62


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Job Sheet No. 6.1-1 - Present a Demonstration in Front of a Video Camera .... 64

Performance Checklist No. 6.1-1 ................................................................ 65

Learning Outcome Summary No. 2 ................................................................. 66


Information Sheet No. 6.2-1 - The VCD/DVD Player ....................................... 69

Task Sheet No. 6.2-1 - Connecting LCD Projector to VCD/DVD Player ............ 71

Information Sheet No. 6.2-2 - Techniques in Effective Utilization of Videos ..... 73

Self-Check No. 6.2-2.................................................................................. 75

Answer Key No. 6.2-2 ................................................................................ 76

Job Sheet No. 6.2-2 - Facilitating Training Using VCD/DVD and LCD/DLPProjector ........................................................................................................ 77

Performance Checklist No. 6.2-2 ................................................................ 78

Learning Outcome Summary No. 3 ................................................................. 79


Information Sheet 6.3-1 - The Personal Computer .......................................... 83

Self-Check No. 6.3-1.................................................................................. 87

Task Sheet No. 6.3-1- Connecting the LCD Projector to Personal Computer .... 90

Procedural Checklist No. 6.2-1 .................................................................. 93

Information Sheet No. 6.3-2 - LCD Projector Presentation Skills ..................... 94

Information Sheet No. 6.3-3 - Maintenance Activity for a Personal Computer .. 97

Job Sheet No. 6.3-1 - Facilitating Training Using Personal Computer and

LCD/DLP Projector .......................................................................................102

Performance Checklist No. 6.3-1 - Utilizing Computer and MultimediaTechnology to Present a Lesson ................................................................103


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sections, which cover all the skills, and knowledge you need tosuccessfully complete this module.

Work through all the information and complete the activities ineach section. Read information sheets and complete the Self-Check.Suggested references are included to supplement the materials

provided in this module. Most probably your trainer will also be your supervisor or manager.

He is there to support you and show you the correct way to dothings.

Your trainer will tell you about the important things you need toconsider when you are completing activities and it is important thatyou listen and take down notes.

You will be given plenty of opportunity to ask questions andpractice on the job. Make sure you practice your new skills duringregular work shifts. This way, you will improve both your speed andmemory and, also, your confidence.

Talk to more experienced workmates and ask for their guidance.

Use the Self-Check questions at the end of each section to test yourown progress.

When you are ready, ask your trainer to watch you perform theactivities outlined in this module.

Your trainer keeps feedback/ pre-assessment reports. As you workthrough the activities, ask for written feedback on your progress.

When you have completed this module and feel confident that youhave had sufficient practice, tell your trainer that you are ready forassessment. He will arrange an appointment with a registeredassessor to assess you. The results of your assessment will berecorded in your competency Achievement Record.


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PROGRAM/COURSE : TRAINING METHODOLOGY 1

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : UTILIZE ELECTRONIC MEDIA INFACILITATING TRAINING

MODULE : UTILIZING ELECTRONIC MEDIA INFACILITATING TRAINING

INTRODUCTION:

This module covers the skills and knowledge and attitude required inadvance training environment using electronic media in facilitating training,including operation and maintenance of the equipment.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

Upon completion of this module you must be able to:1. Present a lesson through direct video footage/capture

2. Present lesson via film viewing method

3. Utilize computer and multimedia technology to present a lesson

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:1. Equipments are inspected for safe working condition and normal

operation in-line with manufacturers user guide.

2.

Set-up of equipment is performed in accordance with connectionguide, safety practices and presentation requirements.

3. Equipment is operated based on presentation requirements andoperation manual.

4. Presentation of lesson is executed through direct videofootage/capture and in-line with session plan.

5. Equipment is stored in accordance with standard operatingprocedure.

6.

Equipments are inspected for safe working condition and normaloperation in-line with manufacturers user guide.

7. Set-up of equipment is performed in accordance with connectionguide, safety practices and presentation requirements.


9. Learners are oriented prior to film viewing in-line with the expectedoutcome of the lesson.

10. Strategies to ensure that the learner will learn important information

from the movie are implemented in-line with session plan.


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11. Equipment is stored in accordance with standard operatingprocedure.

12. Equipments are inspected for safe working condition and normaloperation in-line with manufacturers user guide.

13. Set-up of equipment is performed in accordance with connection

guide, safety practices and presentation requirements.14. Equipment is operated based on presentation requirements and

operation manual.

15.Teacher-centered presentation of a lesson is executed using acomputer and in-line with session plan.

16. Learner-centered presentation of a lesson is executed using acomputer and in-line with session plan.

17. Strategies to ensure that the learner will learn important informationfrom the movie are implemented in-line with session plan.

18.

Equipment is stored in accordance with standard operatingprocedure.

PREREQUISITES

None


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LEARNING OUTCOME SUMMARY

Learning Outcome 1Present a lesson through direct

video footage/capture

Contents:

Safety Handling of Electronic Equipment

Basic Maintenance of Electronic Equipment

Procedure in Interconnecting Video Camera, P/A system and VideoMonitor/LCD Projector

Tips and Tricks in Video Shooting

Procedures in Operating Video Camera

Procedure in Operating P/A system

Techniques in demonstrating a performance in front of a camera.

Assessment Criteria:


2. Set-up of equipment is performed in accordance with connectionguide, safety practices and presentation requirements.


4. Presentation of lesson is executed through direct videofootage/capture and in-line with session plan.

5. Equipment is stored in accordance with standard operatingprocedure


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Conditions:

Trainees must be provided with following: Electronic Media Equipment

o Video Camera and recording media (i.e tape, disc)

o Video Monitor/LCD Projector

o P/A Systems (including Audio Mixers/ Audio Amplifies/Microphones/ Speaker System)

Equipment guide and user manuals

Interconnection guide

Connection cables

Lighting equipment

Modules

Assessment Method:

Demonstration Oral Questioning

Written examination


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LEARNING EXPERIENCES

Read Information Sheet No. 6.1-1:Safety Handling of ElectronicsEquipment

Answer Self-Check 6.1-1

Check your answer using the

Answer Key No. 6.1-1

Read Information Sheet No. 6.1-2:The Video Camera Recorder


Check your answer using theAnswer Key No. 6.1-1

Perform Task Sheet 6.1-1:Operating a Video Camera

Ask your trainer for you to have anaccess to a video camera recorder

Read Information Sheet 6.1-3:Tips and Tricks in Video Shooting


Check your answer using theAnswer Key 6.1-3

Check your answer using theAnswer Key No. 6.1-3.

Read Information Sheet No. 6.1-4:LCD Projector


Checkyour answer using theAnswer Key No. 6.1.4

Read Information Sheet No. 6.1.5:The Mixer Amplifier

Answer Self-Check 6.1-5:

Checkyour answer using theAnswer Key No. 1.6-5

Read Information Sheet 1.6-6

Learning Outcome 1 Present a lesson through directvideo footage/capture

Learning Activities Special Instructions


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The Microphone

Answer Self-Check 6.1.6

Checkyour answer using AnswerKey No. 6.1.6

PerformTask Sheet No. 6.1-2

Procedure in Interconnecting aVideo Camera Recorder to an LCDProjector and Public AddressSystem

Ask your trainer for you to have anaccess to a video camera recorder,LCD projector, public addresssystem.

Perform Job Sheet 6.1.1


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INFORMATION SHEET NO. 6.1-1

SAFETY HANDLING OF ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT

Objective:

After reading this information sheet, you must be able to explain the safetyhandling procedure of electronic equipment.

General Safety Procedure

All electronic products are considered to have risks of electric shock. To

avoid these risks do the following:1. Read users manual before using the equipment.

2. Keep the users manual for future reference

3. Follow all instructions as stated in the manual.

4. Install all equipment in accordance to manufacturers manual.

5. Clean all equipment with dry cloth.

6. Only use attachments/accessories specified by the manufacturer.

7. Refer all servicing to qualified service personnel.

8. Do not let object or liquids enter to the equipment.

9. See equipment enclosure for safety related markings.

Safety Handling of Electronic Equipments

Following proper safety practices are a must when working with electronicequipment. Not only is there the danger of electrical shock, equipment can explodeif not connected properly. Many of todays electronic equipments are easilydamaged by improper handling. These equipments are expensive and easilydamaged if proper operating procedures are not followed.


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1.

Do not expose video camera recorders to rain, water nor moisture.2. Do not expose video camera recorders to temperature more than 60

degrees centigrade.

3. Do not carry the video camera by its microphone, LCD, viewfinder,battery pack or by its cable.

4. Do not directly expose lens and viewfinder directly to strong light orsunlight.

5. Handle it with care. Do not subject the video camera recorder to shocksor vibrations as this will cause damage.

6.

Do not disassemble the camcorder. If it does not function properly,consult qualified service personnel.

1. Keep it away from fire or it might explode

2. Do not expose the battery pack to temperature higher than 60 degreescentigrade. Do not leave it near stove or inside the car in hot weather.

3. Do not try to disassemble or modify it.

4. Do not drop or knock it.

5. Do not get it wet.

1. Place the LCD projector in a sturdy flat surface

2. Do not block opening (ventilation) of the projector

3. Do not drop liquid or object to projectors.

4. Do not install projectors near the source of heat.

5.

Do not unplug projectors after turning it OFF. LCD projectors areequipped with cooling fans that automatically turn OFF after meetingthe projectors cooling temperature; this will prolong the life of theexpensive powerful lamp of your projector.

6. Do not look into the projectors lens when the lamp is on. The brightlight may hurt or damage your eyes.

7. Do not use lens cap when projector is in operation.

8. Refer servicing to qualified service personnel.

Handling Video Camera Recorders

Handling Battery Packs

Handling LCD Projectors


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1. Do not block ventilation opening of the mixer-amplifier.

2. Before turning it ON, make it sure that the master output control is setto its lowest setting or to zero(0) and the equalization controls are set to12 oclock.

3. Make it sure that the speakers are properly connected to the mixer-amplifier (correct polarization).

1. Do not expose the player, discs to humidity, rain, sand or excessiveheat (caused by heating equipment or direct sunlight).

2.

Do not operate the player in an enclosed cabinet, allow about 10 cm (4inch) of free space all around the player for adequate ventilation.

3. When cleaning the casing of the video player use a soft cloth slightlymoistened with a mild detergent solution. Do not use a solutioncontaining alcohol, thinner, ammonia or abrasives.

1. Place your computer in a flat, sturdy and clean surface.

2.

Avoid eating and drinking beside your computer.3. Properly shutdown your computer and make it sure that you have

closed all open applications before shutting down.

4. Always perform virus scan to your computer at least once a week.

5. Always perform disk cleanup to remove unwanted files.

6. Have the unit cleaned twice a year to remove internal dust.

Handling Mixer/Amplifiers

Video Players

Personal Computers


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SELF-CHECK NO. 6.1-1

SAFETY HANDLING OF ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT

True or False

Direction: Write T if the state is correct and F if the statement is false. Write youranswer on the space provided before each number.

______1. All repair or servicing work of electronic equipment must be done only bya qualified service technician.

______2. The lens of a video camera can be exposed to strong light or sunlight.

______3. Always perform disk clean-up to remove internal dust.

______4. Allow an inch distance around the video player for adequate ventilation.

______5. Unplug immediately the projector after turning it OFF.

______6. Carry a video camera by its built-in microphone and by the handle.

______7. Place your computer on a flat and sturdy table.

______8. Do not expose video camera recorders to rain, water nor moisture.

______9. Make it sure that the speakers are properly connected to the mixer-amplifier.

______10.Cover lens with lens cap when the LCD projector is in operation.


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ANSWER KEY NO. 6.1-1

TRUE OR FALSE

1. T

2. F

3. F

4. F

5. F

6.

F

7. T

8. T

9. T

10. F


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THE VIDEO CAMERA RECORDER

After reading this information sheet, you must be able to:

1. describe a video camera recorder;

2. identify the different types of video camera recorder

A video camera recorder also known as camcorder is an electronic device

that combines a digital camera and a video recorder into one unit.

A video camera recorder contain 3 major components: Lens, imager, andrecorder. The lens gathers and focuses light on the imager. The imager, usually acharge-coupled device (CCD) or complementary metaloxidesemiconductor(CMOS) sensor on modern camcorders, converts incident light into an electricalsignal. Finally, the recorder converts the electric signal into digital video andencodes it into a storable form. More commonly, the optics and imager are referredto as the camerasection.

Lens

The lens is the first component in the light path. The camcorder's opticsgenerally have one or more of the following adjustments:

Apertureoriristo regulate the exposure and to control depth of field

Zoomto control the focal length and angle of view

shutter speed to regulate the exposure and to maintain desiredmotion portrayal

Objectives:

Lens

Imager

Recorder


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Gainto amplify signal strength in low-light conditions

Neutral density filterto regulate the exposure

In consumer units, the above adjustments are often automatically

controlled by the camcorder's electronics, but can be adjusted manually ifdesired. Professional units offer direct user control of all major opticalfunctions.

Imager

The imager converts light into electric signal. The camera lens projectsan image onto the imager surface, exposing the photosensitive array to light.The light exposure is converted into electrical charge. At the end of the timedexposure, the imager converts the accumulated charge into a continuousanalog voltage at the imager's output terminals. After scan-out is complete, thephotosites are reset to start the exposure-process for the next video frame.

With the first (digital) camcorders, an analog-to-digital (ADC) converterdigitized the imager (analog) waveform output into a discrete digital-videosignal. The imager in these cameras was a CCD which was analogue by nature.Modern cameras will generally have a CMOS chip in place of a CCD as a CMOSis completely digital in nature and there is no analogue voltage signal to digitizebecause the light is sampled directly by each pixel and converted to a binarydigital signal per each pixel.

CCD chips will generally see better in low light conditions because of theCCD's nature of capturing more light in the infrared range, but will severelylack in the human visibility spectrum, thus sacrificing color, on the other hand

NeutralDensity (ND)Filter

Gain

Iris Ring

Zoom RingFocus Ring

Shutter Dial


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CMOS imagers do not have great low light capability but will capture the visiblespectrum better and thus displaying color properly.

Recorder

The third section, the recorder, is responsible for writing the video-signal

onto a recording medium (such as magnetic videotape.) The record functioninvolves many signal-processing steps, and historically, the recording-processintroduced some distortion and noise into the stored video, such that playbackof the stored-signal may not retain the same characteristics/detail as the livevideo feed.

All but the most primitive camcorders imaginable also need to have arecorder-controlling section which allows the user to control the camcorder,switch the recorder into playback mode for reviewing the recorded footage andan image control section which controls exposure, focus and white-balance.

In order to differentiate a camcorder from other devices that are capable ofrecording video, like mobile phones and digital compact cameras, a camcorder isgenerally identified as a portable, self-contained device having video capture andrecording as its primary function.

Video Camera Format

Camcorders are often classified by their storage device: VHS, Betamax,

Video8 are examples of 20th

videotape-based camcorders which record video inanalog form. Newer digital video camcorder formats include Digital8,MiniDV, DVD, and flash semiconductor memory.

Single CCD and 3-CCD

Sensor is the heart of digital imaging devices - digital cameras andcamcorders. Generally, our digital image capture devices are equipped withCCD or CMOS sensor that helps convert light into electrical signals thatrepresents the image and can be digitally stored. The captured image qualityvary by the CCD size and also the CCD system. Currently the are two mostwidely used systems are Single CCD and 3-CCD system. Since most devices

use CCD rather than CMOS, we'll focus on CCD technology.

Types of Video Camera Recorder


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Single CCD system

This system is commonly used in consumer level camcorders and has beenwidely in used on digital cameras.

3-CCD System

3-CCD system uses a beam splitting prism to separate light passing through thelens into 3 individual components and each is sent to its own CCD. Thistechnology reproduces color in great fidelity and high accuracy but slightlyreduced light sensitivity.

Normally 3-CCD system is used in professional range products but now you canfind even it on some consumer level DV camcorders.

A Canon digital video camera with 3-CCD

A Sony Handycam with asingle CCD


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SELF-CHECK 6.1.2

Multiple Choice: Read the statement or questions carefully, select the correct

answer and write it on the space provided before each number.

______1. What is the lens adjustment control that regulates exposure and depth offield?

A. aperture

B. gain

C. shutter speed

D.zoom

______2. A video camera recorder component that converts light into electricalsignal.

A. Lens

B. Imager

C. Recorder

D.Sensor

______3. An example of a digital video format.

A.

Betamax

B. Video8

C. MiniDV

D.VHS

______4. A lens adjustment control that regulates focal length.

A. aperture

B. gain

C.

shutter speed

D.zoom

______5. A CCD system that uses a beam splitting prism to separate light passingthrough the lens into 3 individual components and each is sent to itsown CCD.

A. Single CCD

B. 3-CCD


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TASK SHEET 6.2.1

OPERATING A VIDEO CAMERA RECORDER

Objectives:After performing this task sheet you must be able to:

1. charge the battery pack of a video camera;

2. load/remove videocassette into a video camera;

3. record video with audio

4. play recorded video

Equipments:

1. Video Camera recorder

2. Battery Pack Charger

Supply:

1. MiniDV Cassette

a. Charging Battery Pack

Procedure

1. Connect the power chord to the adapter.

2.

Plug the power cord into a power outlet.

3. Attach the battery pack to the adapter.

4. Press lightly and slide the battery pack inthe direction of the arrow until it clicks.

5.The charge indicator starts flashing. Theindicator will stay on when the charging iscompleted.

6. When the charging is completed, removethe battery pack from the adapter.

7. Unplug the power cord from the power outlet and disconnect it from theadapter.

b. Loading/Removing Cassette

Note:

1. Do not interfere with the cassette compartment while it is opening or closingautomatically.

2. Be careful not to get your fingers caught in the cassette compartment.


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3. Cassette can be loaded/removed even if the POWER dial is set to OFF.

Procedure:

1. Slide the OPEN/EJECT switch toopen the cassette compartmentcover. The cassette compartmentopens automatically.

2. Load/remove the cassette. Insert

cassette straight, fully into thecompartment with the windowfacing out. Remove the cassetteby pulling it straight out.

3. Close the cassette compartmentby pressing on the PUSH mark onthe cover. The cassettecompartment will retractautomatically.

4. Close the cassette compartmentcover.


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c. Recording

Before doing your recording you must know first how to use theProgrammed AE Modes of this video camera. Programmed auto exposure modes

provides advance recording techniques ensuring professional results in variousshooting conditions.

Selecting the Programmed AE Modes

Press the lock button and turn the POWER dial. The symbol of theselected modes appears.

Note: Do not change the mode while recording as the brightness of theimage may change abruptly.

The Easy Recording, Spotlight, and Night modes are all-automatic

modes. In the Auto, Shutter-Priority, Aperture-Priority and Manualmodes you can manually change some setting to match the recordingconditions.


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Easy Recording

The camcorder automatically controls the focus, shutter speed, aperture,gain, white balance, and AE Shift allowing you to simply point and film. Thismode locks all of these features and options, making them fixed andunadjustable.

Auto

Like the Easy Recording mode, the camcorder automatically controlscamera adjustments allowing you to simply point and film. However, in theAuto mode you have the option of adjusting the settings manually.

Shutter-Priority

Use this mode to select the shutter speed. The camcorder automaticallysets a matching aperture setting.

Aperture-Priority

Use this mode to select between 7 aperture settings -from F/1.6 to f/9.5(or to full iris close)- and the camcorder automatically sets a matching shutterspeed. This mode allows for the best control of depth of field.

Manual

This mode offers the creative freedom of a complete range of manualcontrols. In the Manual mode you have the option to set the exposure at anycombination of shutter speed and aperture levels.

Spotlight

The Spotlight mode automatically adjusts the exposure to effectivelyrecord images and/or subjects lit by a spotlight or other concentrated lightsource.

Night

This mode allows you to continue recording even when light levels beginto fall. The camcorder uses lower shutter speeds (60i, 30F: 1 /4-1 /500; 24F: 1/3-1 /500) to deliver proper exposure.

Moving subjects may leave a trailing afterimage.

Picture quality may not be as good as in other modes.

White points may appear on the screen.

Autofocus may not work as well as in other modes. In such case,adjust the focus manually.


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Recording Procedure:

1. Remove the lenscap

2. Press the lockbutton and set thePOWER dial toEasy RecordingMode.

3. Automatic Audio

Adjustment

Set the AUDIOLEVEL switch to A

4. Press the

start/stop buttonto begin recording

The tally lamplights up and therecording indicatorappear on LCDscreen.

Press thestart/stop buttonagain to pause

recording

When you have finished recording

Set the POWER dial to OFF

Replace the lens cap

Remove the cassette.


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Playing Back a Tape

1. Set the POWER dial to VCR/PLAY.

2. Open the LCD display.

3.

Open the menu and select [SIGNAL SETUP]. Select [PLAYBACK STD] and set

it to [AUTO], [HDV] or [DV] to match the tape you wish to playback.

4. Close the menu.


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Playback Modes

To pause playback press pause button of the camcorder during normal playback.

Press down playback and hold the rewind or fast forward button on thecamcorder.


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PROCEDURAL CHECKLIST 6.2.1

OPERATING A DIGITAL VIDEO CAMERA

Trainees Name: ______________________________________________During the performance of the above mentioned task, did you follow the step bystep procedure?

Procedures YES NO

A. Charging battery pack

1. Connect the power chord to the adapter.

2.

Plug the power cord into a power outlet.

3. Attach the battery pack to the adapter.

4. Press lightly and slide the battery pack in the direction of the arrow

until it clicks.

5. Remove the battery pack from the adapter.

6. Unplug the power cord from the power outlet and disconnect it from

the adapter

B. Loading and removing video cassette

1. Slide the OPEN/EJECT switch to open the cassette compartment cover.

2. Remove the cassette by pulling it straight out.

3. Insert cassette straight, fully into the compartment with the window

facing out.

4. Close the cassette compartment by pressing on the PUSH mark on the

cover.

5. Close the cassette compartment cover.

C. Recording Video

1. Press the lock button and set the POWER dial to Easy Recording Mode

2. Press the start/stop button to begin recording

3. Set the AUDIO LEVEL switch to A


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4. Press the start/stop button again to pause recording

D.Playing Back a Tape

1. Set the POWER dial to VCR/PLAY.

2. Open the LCD display.

3. Open the menu and select [SIGNAL SETUP]. Select[PLAYBACK STD] and set it to [AUTO], [HDV] or [DV] tomatch the tape you wish to playback.

4. Close the menu.

5. Play the recorded video

For satisfactory achievement, all items should receive a YES response.

Comment:

Trainers Name and Signature: ____________________________________


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INFORMATION SHEET 6.1.3

TIPS AND TRICKS IN VIDEO SHOOTING

After reading this information sheet, you must be able to:1. Identify the basic camcorder video camera recorder movement.2. Identify the basic types of video camera recorder shot.3. Identify video camera recorder shooting tips and tricks.

If you've never shot video on a camcorder shooting your first video can be alittle intimidating. Many first time camcorder users make mistakes that make theirvideo for the most part unwatchable. Here are some basic camcorder shooting tipsthat can help you shoot fantastic videos.

Basic Video Camera Movement

Zooming

A zoom is technically not a camera move as it does not require thecamera itself to move at all. Zooming means altering the focal length of the lensto give the illusion of moving closer to or further away from the action.

The effect is not quite the same though. Zooming is effectively magnifyinga part of the image, while moving the camera creates a difference in perspective background objects appear to change in relation to foreground objects.Zooming is an easy-to-use but hard-to-get-right feature of most cameras. It is

arguably the most misused of all camera functions.

At times, zooming in while recording video can make the production moreinteresting. Zooming can make a certain part of a video carry more importanceor have more impact. For example, you may want to show a detail such as ahandshake between two people. Zooming in on a handshake draws attention toit and stresses the importance of this handshake.

Zooming is easy. There is a zoom control on the camera above therecord button. Shifting this button slowly allows for a gradual zoom. Becareful though, if you zoom too rapidly, your audience will feel jarred by thesudden motion!

Camera Tilt

A tilt is a vertical camera movement in which the camera points up ordown from a stationary location. For example, if you mount a camera on yourshoulder and nod it up and down, you are tilting the camera.

Tilting is less common than panning because that's the way humansworkwe look left and right more often than we look up and down.


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Camera Pan

A pan is a horizontal camera movement in which the camera moves leftand right about a central axis. This is a swiveling movement, i.e. mounted in afixed location on a tripod or shoulder.

Types of Video Camera Shot

Wide Shot (WS)

In the wide shot, the subjecttakes up the full frame. In thiscase, the boy's feet are almost atthe bottom of frame and his head isalmost at the top. Obviously thesubject doesn't take up the whole

width and height of the frame,since this is as close as we can getwithout losing any part of him. Thesmall amount of room above andbelow the subject can be thought ofas safety roomyou don't want tobe cutting the top of the head off. Itwould also look uncomfortable ifhis feet and head were exactly atthe top and bottom of frame.

Mid Shot (MS)

The mid shot shows somepart of the subject in more detail,whilst still showing enough for theaudience to feel as if they werelooking at the whole subject. Infact, this is an approximation ofhow you would see a person "in theflesh" if you were having a casualconversation. You wouldn't bepaying any attention to their lowerbody, so that part of the picture isunnecessary.

The MS is appropriate whenthe subject is speaking without toomuch emotion or intenseconcentration. It also works wellwhen the intent is to deliverinformation, which is why it isfrequently used by television newspresenters. You will often see a

story begin with a MS of the


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reporter (providing information),followed by closer shots of interviewsubjects (providing reactions andemotion).

Close Up Shot (CU)

In the closeup shot, a certainfeature or part of the subject takesup most of the frame. A close up ofa person usually means a close upof their face (unless specifiedotherwise).

Close-ups are obviouslyuseful for showing detail and canalso be used as acut-in.

A close-up of a personemphasizes their emotional state.Whereas a mid-shot or wide-shot ismore appropriate for deliveringfacts and general information, aclose-up exaggerates facialexpressions which convey emotion.The viewer is drawn into thesubject's personal space andshares their feelings.

Cut-in Shot (CI)

This shot specifically refers toshowing some part of the subject indetail.

Can be used purely as anedit point, or to emphasise emotionand action of the hands. etc. Forexample, hand movements

performing a task, can also showenthusiasm, agitation,nervousness, etc.
http://www.mediacollege.com/video/shots/cut-in.htmlhttp://www.mediacollege.com/video/shots/cut-in.htmlhttp://www.mediacollege.com/video/shots/cut-in.htmlhttp://www.mediacollege.com/video/shots/mid-shot.htmlhttp://www.mediacollege.com/video/shots/mid-shot.htmlhttp://www.mediacollege.com/video/shots/wide-shot.htmlhttp://www.mediacollege.com/video/shots/wide-shot.htmlhttp://www.mediacollege.com/video/shots/wide-shot.htmlhttp://www.mediacollege.com/video/shots/mid-shot.htmlhttp://www.mediacollege.com/video/shots/cut-in.html


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Video Camera Tips and Tricks

Watch the Zoom

In general when you shoot a video you want to limit the amount of time

you zoom in and out. Many new camcorder users will zoom in and outconstantly with their camcorder. Video shot in this manner usually ends upmaking viewers nauseous with the constant movement. Using the zoom onyour camcorder is a good idea, but try to only use the feature when you need it.A good slow steady zoom into a subject is also usually much nicer to watchthan a quick zoom in to a subject.

Bring a Tripod

Chances are you have seen video recorded by someone who did not havea tripod. Handheld video usually looks great for the first few minutes, then asthe person recording the video gets tired the video starts to look worse. You

naturally move up and down slightly when you breathe, if your holding acamcorder then that motion is exaggerated on video and can make it look likeyou were jumping up and down while holding your camcorder. Along thosesame lines, if you are shooting a video handheld then you want to make surethe image stabilization on your camcorder in enabled. Image stabilization willhelp even out the movements your camcorder makes and minimize shaking inyour finished video.

Turn On the Lights

Camcorders typically have a difficult time recording video in darkerareas. Camcorders will typically make video shot in dim areas look as though itwas shot in complete darkness. If you have the ability to turn on more lightswhere you are, do it. The brighter the area you are recording the better.

Do a Little Shot Composition

The purpose of taping something is so you will be able to remember andenjoy it later. Before you hit the record button, look at your shot and see if youhave everything in it that you want and that it is framed nicely. Do this as youwould if you were taking a still picture; prior to pressing 'record,' not after.

Good shot composition uses the 'Rule of Thirds.' This is where you treat thescreen as being divided into a tic-tac-toe pattern. When framing a person, you


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want their eyes on the top line and the center of their head on the left or theright line (i.e., facing inward). Although this may cut off the top of the subject'shead, it will provide the proper balance and really make your shot lookprofessional.

Let Your Camera Follow the Action

This may seem obvious, but keep your viewfinder on the ball. Yourviewers' eyes will want to follow the action, so give them what they want.


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THE LCD PROJECTOR

Objectives:

After reading this Information Sheet, you must be able to:

1. describe an LCD/DLP projector;

2. identify the different features of an LCD projector;

3. explain the advantages and limitation of an LCD;

4.

describe keystone effect.

The LCD Projector

LCD projector (Liquid Crystal Display) refers to a kind of video projectorthat is used to display or project an image, video, and computer data on a flatexterior or simply a screen.

LCD projectors work by using three liquid crystal panels, a lamp, a prism,and filters to create the image on the screen. The lamp provides white light that

passes through a polarizing filter. Polarizing works by accepting light that istraveling on the same plane. All other light will be blocked.

From the polarizing filter, the light is then passed through a series ofdichroic mirrors. Dichroic mirrors work by only allowing certain colors in the lightspectrum to be reflected, while others pass through. The dichroic mirrors in LCDprojectors separate the light into the three primary colors - green, red, and blue.These three colors are then sent to a separate LCD panel; remember there arethree of them. From there, the LCD panels send the light through the dichroicprism which recombines the light and sends it out through the main lens in theLCD projector to the surface against which it is projected. Each LCD is only

capable of controlling one color. So, if you were to see a picture of a red planeagainst a blue sky, the green LCD would block the light from passing to thedichroic prism and out the lens.


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LCD panels in LCD projectors work by allowing the polarized light to travelthrough a pane of glass into the liquid crystal inside the display. The liquidcrystals bend the light which is traveling on a different plane when it entersthrough the polarizing filter. If you apply an electrical current to the liquid crystalthey will align, allowing the light to pass through on the same plane as when itentered. If you add a second polarizing filter at the other end of the liquid crystal,you can then effectively block all light from passing through. Each LCD panel has

a separate system to control the electrical current that passes through the liquidcrystal, allowing each to be controlled individually.

DLP (Digital Light Processing) Projector

Like LCD, the actual image is displayed on a chip; however, the chip used ina DLP projector is different. The chip in a DLP projector is referred to as a DMD(Digital Micro mirror Device). In essence, every pixel on a DMD chip is a reflectivemirror.

The video image is displayed on the DMD chip. The micro mirrors on thechip (remember: each micro mirror represents one pixel) then tilt very rapidly asthe image changes. This process produces the grayscale foundation for the image.Then, color is added as light passes through a high-speed color wheel and isreflected off of the micro mirrors on the DLP chip as they rapidly tilt towards oraway from the light source. The degree of tilt of each micro mirror coupled with therapidly spinning color wheel determines the color structure of the projected image.As the amplified light bounces off the micro mirrors, it is sent through the lensand can be projected on a large screen.


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Features of an LCD Projector

Projector Resolution

Resolution refers to the number of dots of light that appears on a screen

or a projected image. Even though some projectors may be able to work withseveral resolutions, there is one "native" resolution at which it works best. Toget the best image, match the resolution of your projector with the resolution ofyour computer. Most new projectors have higher resolutions to match mostcurrent laptop computers. The most common resolution today is XGA (1,024 x768). Higher resolutions, such as SXGA (1,280 x 1,024), would mean you'llhave to pay a higher price for the projector.

Projector Resolution Options

Resolution Description

SVGA800 x 600

SVGA projectors are great for those on a tight budget. Theyare good for Power Point presentations or those that includeclip art or line drawings. They're good for black and white,showing documents, etc. They are not good for presentationsthat require a lot of detail.

*XGA1,024 x 768

Most computers still output in native XGA. Matching an XGAprojector to your computer ensures you won't lose any detail.These are good general purpose projectors.

SXGA1,280 x 1,024

SXGA projectors are of high resolution and are moreexpensive than XGA. These products are targeted for high-end personal computer users and low-end workstation users.

SXGA+1,400 x 1,050

SXGA+ projectors are becoming more popular and there areseveral offerings available in both budget and high-endconfigurations. These are very good for detailed photographyand graphics.

UXGA1,600 x 1,200

UXGA is for very high-end high resolution workstationapplications that require exacting detail. These are expensiveprojectors that support a broad range of computerequipment.

* The most popular projector resolution

NOTE:For best results, match the resolution of your computer with the nativeresolution of the projector.


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Image Quality

There are four factors that affect the quality of image. They arecontrast, color, brightness, and evenness of the illumination across the picture.The best way to get the highest quality image is to match the resolution of yourprojector with that of your computer. Every year, computers are sold withhigher and higher resolutions with the XGA 1024 x 768 sold at 4:3 aspect ratioas the most popular today.

Contrast Ratio

Contrast is the difference between the brightest (white) and darkest(black) parts of the screen. Contrast helps to define the depth of an image, andis important when projecting video images. A good projector will have a contrastratio of at least 250:1 or more. The higher the contrast ratio, the better theprojected image with the best quality projectors having a contrast ratio of2,000:1.

Color

The more colors you projector can support, the better it will be able toproject high quality images and video. Color helps to define the depth of animage, by adding shades to the objects displayed. Projectors should display 16million colors or more which is adequate for computer screens and video.

Brightness

The bigger the audience or room, the bigger and brighter the image mustbe. The brightness level of a projector depends on the kind of environment youwill be using withit. Will you be in a small classroom, a conference room, or alarge lecture hall or auditorium? Will the room be lit or darkened?

These are some of the factors you must consider when purchasing anLCD projector. Trade show floors, for example, and other lighted environmentsrequire brighter images, while darkened rooms need less brightness. Typically,you should have at least 1,000 lumens to project effectively in a lighted room.For very large installations, 10,000 lumens are required.

Illumination Uniformity

As you compare projectors, notice how the projector fills the screen. Is iteven from side to side and top to bottom? Avoid dark corners of the image andbright centers. Illumination uniformity refers to the percentage of brightnessthat is carried across your screen from edge to edge and top to bottom. A higheruniformity rating means more uniform image brightness across your screen. Ifyou want uniformity, it must be at a level of 85% or higher.


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Projector Lenses

Zoom lenses are almost standard on today's projectors. The zoom lenslets you project a larger or smaller image on your screen depending on thedistance between your projector and the screen. The best lenses aremanufactured with glass, but some models are using plastic lenses to cut downon weight. Glass will give you a clearer, sharper image. Some projectors are,also, available with interchangeable lenses. The f-number of the lens is ameasure of how much light gets through the lens to the screen.

Projector Lamps

Projector lamps are one of the hidden costs of a projector. It's like tonercartridges for printers. Over the life of the printer, you'll probably pay more forthe toner cartridges than you originally paid for the printer. The same is truefor projectors. The lamp is the most expensive part of the projector. The lamp

type is related to the image brightness. The most common types of projectorlamps are the following:

UHP - Ultra High PerformanceUHE - Ultra High EfficiencySome projectors also use metal halide lamps.

Lamp life is rated in hours. The typical lamp life for a projector isbetween 1,000 and 4,000 hours and depending on how much the projector isused, can add to the total cost of operating a projector over a given period oftime. Replacement bulbs run anywhere from P 15,000 to P 30,000. A lowerwatt lamp will stay cooler and last longer than a higher watt bulb. Since it uses

less power, it will also cost less to operate.

Other Features of a Projector

Today's LCD projectors are very easy to use. They are plug-n-play andrequire only a few minutes to set up. Some projectors come with additionalfeatures that can be very convenient and it is suggested that theyare the ones youshould consider in your purchase decision.

Some LCD projectors are wireless for easy set-up and no cables tomess with.

Network connections so that projector can be controlled from aremote location

Component video inputs for higher quality video. This is the preferredinput for projecting video.

Digital Keystone Correction for adjusting the rectangular shape on thescreen when the projector cannot be positioned perpendicular to thescreen.

Wireless mouse control for freedom to move around while you arepresenting.

Dual computer inputs for hooking up to more than one computer.
http://www.guidesandtutorials.com/lcd-projector-bulb.htmlhttp://www.guidesandtutorials.com/lcd-projector-bulb.html


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Projector Aspect Ratios

Aspect ratios refer to the number of units wide to the number of unitshigh of your LCD projector display. For years, the standard was 4:3, butwith the popularity of wide screens, the new option is 16 x 9. A 4 x 3 displayis squarer than the rectangular-shaped 16 x 9.

Screen/Display Aspect Ratios

Wide Screen 16 x 9 Standard Screen 4 x 3

Keystone Effect

The keystone effect is caused by attempting to project an image onto asurface at an angle, as with a projector not quite centered onto the screen it isprojecting on. It is a distortion of the image dimensions, making it look like atrapezoid, the shape of an architectural keystone; hence the name of the feature.In the typical case of a projector sitting on a table, and looking upwards to thescreen, the image is larger at the top than on the bottom. Some areas of the screenmay not be focused correctly as the projector lens is focused at the average

distance only.

Two types of keystone effects

Vertical keystone effectsThis usually occurs when the projector isabove or below the centerline of the screen.

Horizontal keystone effectsThis happens when the projector is tothe left or right of the screen.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keystone_(architecture)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keystone_(architecture)


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Horizontal keystone effects

VERTICAL KEYSTONE EFFECTS


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Directions: Read each statement or question carefully. On your answer sheet,write the correct answer.

______1. A projector resolution that fits to a 4X3 projection screen.

A. SVGA (800x600)

B. XGA (1,024x768)

C. SXGA (1,280x1,024)

D.SXGA+ (1,400x1,050)

______2. The dichroic mirrors in LCD projectors separate the light into the threeprimary colors. What are these?

A. Blue, Green and Yellow

B. Green, Red and Yellow

C. Green, Red and Blue

D.Red, Yellow and Blue

______3. A very expensive replaceable part of the LCD projector.

A. Dichroic panel

B.

LCD Panel

C. Projection lamp

D.Projection lens

______4. What LCD projector feature lets you project a larger or smaller image onyour screen depending on the distance between your projector and thescreen?

A. Dichroic panel

B. LCD Panel

C. Projection lamp

D.Projection lens


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Multiple Choice

1.B

2. C

3. C

4. D


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THE MIXER AMPLIFIER

When most users think of a sound system, they think of the visibleendpoints: microphone or the loudspeaker. But neither of these passivecomponents can create any sound without active components between them.Microphone signals require a preamp, signal processing, and amplification beforethe loudspeaker can do its job.

For small sound system requirements,there's nothing more convenient thancombining some of these tasks into a singlecomponent, and that's where the

mixer/amplifier (or powered mixer) reallyshines.

Mixer/amps are most commonly usedfor smaller venues such as clubs, coffeehouses, and even school-multipurpose rooms. But they are equally useful in anybuilding where a sound system might be temporarily set up in different rooms (oroutdoors) on different days. In some cases, portable mixer/amps are evenpermanently installed, despite their ultra-portable nature.

Advantages

Mixer/amplifiers usually combine a mixer, equalizer, and amplifier allinto one unit.

They typically range from six to 20 inputs, and up to 1,200 watts totalpower output.

For portable applications, the advantages are obvious. Mostmanufacturers provide units with built-in carrying handles to take full

advantage of the compact size and feature combination. Since allthree components are included, there is only one box to carry insteadof three. There is also less set up required, since you don't need tointerconnect the components.


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Disadvantages

High-quality mixer/amp can cost as much or more than its separate

components.

If one part of the mixer/amp fails, you need to replace the entire unitin order to get your sound system up and running.

Since the equalizer is always exposed (as opposed to being in aseparately located rack somewhere), it is susceptible to tampering byunqualified (or curious) hands. Some of the more sophisticatedfeatures that are available on separate mixers may not be available onmixer/amps (such as mute, subgroups, more than two or threeauxiliary sends).

Common features of a Mixer Amplifier

Microphone/Line/Instrument Input

This feature lets you connect different inputs such as microphones,audio players and instruments which is present in every channel.

Input Jack (6.5 mmJack)

Input Toggle

Selector

Input Level

Control


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Equalization

The equalization feature can control the low, medium and high frequency

of an audio input in each channel.

Onboard Effects

Some small mixer/amps include impressive built in digital effects like

delay and reverb, as well as, echo effects.


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Monitor outs

An essential feature of this mixer amp is the separate monitor outputs for

each channel. It's also useful for sending signal to outboard amplifiers forcontrol over multiple loudspeaker zones.

Master Output Control

Another feature of this mixer amp is the master output control that letsyou control all channel output, volume and effects.


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Directions: Read each statement or question carefully. Select the correctletter of the answer and write it on your answer sheet.

______1. An input connector usually used for microphones.

A. 3.25 jackB. 6.5 mm jackC. RCAD.XLR

______2. A control that adjusts all the channels output volume and effects.

A. mic volumeB. master output control

C.

input level controlD.echo volume

______3. It is a feature of a mixer amplifier that controls the high and lowfrequencies.

A. AuxiliaryB. input gainC. equalizationD.on board effects

_____4. What do you call the control that adjusts individual input such asmicrophone, audio players and other instruments?

A. input level controlB. output level controlC. equalizationD. input gain

______5. It is a selector that connects a specific audio program source such asmicrophone, audio players, etc.

A. input controlB. output controlC. output selectorD. input selector


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TASK SHEET NO. 6.2-5

CONNECTING AND OPERATING THE MICROPHONE AND MIXER

AMPLIFIER

Objectives:

Given the necessary equipment, you must be able to:

1. connect speaker system and microphone to the mixer amplifier;

2.

operate the mixer amplifier with microphone and speaker.

Materials, Tools and Equipment:

1. Speaker system

2. Mixer Amplifier

3. Microphone

CAUTION:

1. Be sure to connect the speakers properly to the mixer amplifier.

2. All controls of the mixer amplifier must be set into minimum positionsbefore switching on the mixer amplifier.

3. Do not point the microphone directly to the speakers, to avoid feedback.

Procedures: (Refer to pictorial diagram)

1. Connect the speaker to the mixer amplifier.

2. Power ON the mixer amplifier.

3. Connect the microphone to the mixer amplifier.

4. Switch ON the microphone and adjust the volume control.

5. Adjust the other controls to suit the pitch.


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Pictorial Wiring Diagram of Speaker from the Mixer Amplifier

Speaker terminal from speaker box

Speaker terminal from mixer amplifier

+

+

LeftSpeaker

RightSpeaker


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PROCEDURAL CHECKLIST

CONNECTING AND OPERATING THE MICROPHONE AND MIXERAMPLIFIER

Trainees Name: ______________________________________________

During the performance of the above mentioned task, did you follow the step bystep procedure?

Procedures YES NO

1. Connect the speaker to the mixer amplifier.

2.

Power ON the mixer amplifier.

3. Connect the microphone to the mixer amplifier.

4. Switch ON the microphone and adjust the volume control.

5. Adjust the other controls to suit the pitch.

For satisfactory achievement, all items should receive a YES response.

Comment:

Trainers Name and Signature: ____________________________________


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THE MICROPHONE

Objectives:

After going through this Information Sheet, you must be able to

1. describe a microphone;

2. identify the different types of microphones and explain their advantagesand disadvantages.

3. explain the directional properties of a microphone.

Microphone

A microphone is an electromechanical device that uses vibration to create anelectrical signal proportional to the vibration, which is usually an air pressurewave.

Dynamic microphone

Dynamic microphones are one of the simplest and most rugged of

microphone designs. The pickup diaphragm is connected to a coil/magnetassembly - similarly to a loudspeaker cone, but in reverse. Vibration of thediaphragm, caused by sound pressure waves, in turn moves the coil relativeto the magnet and produces an electrical signal. The dynamic microphoneproduces current mechanically, and therefore, does not require a powersource.

Common uses : Microphones for live performance, or requiring the abilityto handle high volumes and/or particular frequencybands

Advantages : Small, inexpensive, rugged and relatively moisture-

resistant

Disadvantages : Uneven frequency response

Shure SM58 dynamic microphone


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Condenser microphone

Condensers are generally acknowledged to be the best microphones

for recording speech, acoustic instruments, and indeed, all sources wheresubjective sound quality and musicality are paramount. Their cost, delicacyand sensitivity, however, make them unsuitable for some acousticenvironments.

They use a small sealed capsule - usually up to one inch in diameter -one side of which is a very thin membrane pickup. Using either an externalcurrent (phantom power) or an electrostatic magnet to provide a differencein electrical charge between the two sides of the capsule, the variation indistance between the two, caused by sound waves, is output as acontinuous signal.

Moisture or condensation trapped in the capsule of a condensermicrophone can permanently damage it, so use caution in positioning andstorage.

Lavaliere microphone

The term lavalier refers to a miniature and usually body-wornmicrophone. Lavaliers can be of condenser or dynamic types, and oftencome paired with a belt pack to transmit the signal wirelessly [see wirelesssystems]. Their small size allows them to be clipped to clothing or worn on alanyard, and in combination with a radio system give the speaker completefreedom of movement. Though many provide excellent sound quality, theirsize and design mean that they do not equal larger microphones in quality ofoutput and frequency response, and their signal-to-noise ratio is generallysomewhat lower. However, in an environment where a mobile speakerrequires a discrete microphone with good clarity, where absolute soundquality is not a priority, they are an ideal choice.

Common uses : Television interviews, lectures, seminars etc

Advantages : Small size, clip-on. Combined with radio belt pack givecomplete freedom of movement

Disadvantages : Limited frequency response, self-noise


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Lavalier microphone

Radio microphone

Wireless radio microphones transmit the microphone signal from abattery powered mobile transmitter to a matching receiver, attached to thecamera/recorder/laptop etc. This allows a degree of freedom to the subjectwhich is not available with a conventional wired microphone. Wirelessmicrophones fall into two broad categories:

Handheld transmitter

This is the familiar handheld radio microphone, incorporating aradio transmitter and batteries into its body. It can, also, be used incombination with a microphone boom.

Belt pack transmitter

Used in combination with a miniature clip-on lavalier (see

above) or a headband worn microphone, the belt pack transmitter isworn by the person and is attached by a short cable to themicrophone itself. It contains batteries and a radio transmitter.

Radio microphones will use one of a set of allowed frequencies -either a switchable-on microphone receiver, or fixed by themanufacturers. If multiple microphones are to be used in the samevenue, then they must all be set to different frequencies, to avoidinterference. Fixed frequency microphones can usually be ordered in arange of different frequencies.


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It is advisable to use fresh batteries in the radio microphonetransmitter for each event.

Common uses : Lectures, broadcast, live performance

Advantages : No wires! Freedom of movement, unobtrusive

Disadvantages : More complex set-up, reliance on batteries, lowersignal-to-noise ratio

Radio system components (clockwise from top left): clip-on Lavaliermicrophone, belt pack transmitter, head worn microphone, handheldtransmitters, diversity receiver

Piezoelectric microphone

Certain chemical compounds will (when pressure is applied to them)generate an electrical impulse. In a piezo-electric microphone, sound wavesapply varying pressure to the pickup, which contains this type of substance(often a crystalline material) and produce the output signal.

Common uses: Contact microphones/pickups for guitars, drums

and acoustic instruments

Advantages: No exposed moving parts, so can be used in extremeconditions where a conventional microphone isunsuitable (underwater, for example)

Disadvantages : Limited frequency response


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Directional Properties

Every microphone has a property known as directionality. This describesthe microphone's sensitivity to sound from various directions. Some microphonespick up sound equally from all directions, others pick up sound only from onedirection or a particular combination of directions. The types of directionality aredivided into three main categories:

1. Omnidirectional - Picks up sound evenly from all directions (omnimeans "all" or "every").

2. Unidirectional - Picks up sound predominantly from one direction. Thisincludes cardioid and hypercardioid microphones.

3. Bidirectional - Picks up sound from two opposite directions.


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Self-Check NO. 6.1-6

Directions: Read each statement or question carefully. Select the letter ofthe correct answer and write it on the space provided in each number.

______1. A microphone that comes in small size, clip-on and is combined withradio belt pack that gives the user a complete freedom to move.

A. Dynamic microphone

B. Radio Microphone

C. Lavalier

D.USB microphone

______2. A microphone that has its pickup diaphragm connected to a coil/magnetassembly - similar to a loudspeaker cone, but in reverse.

A. Dynamic microphone

B. Radio Microphone

C. Lavalier

D.USB microphone

______3. What is a directional property of a microphone that enables it to pick upsound evenly from all directions?

A. Bidirectional

B. Hypercardiod

C. Omnidirectional

D.Unidirectional

______4. Microphone directional properties that pick up sound from two oppositedirections.

A. Bidirectional

B. Omnidirectional

C. Hypercardioid

D.Unidirectional


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Answers1. C

2. A

3. C

4. A


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connect the appropriate video cable to the input port on the back of theLCD projector.

3. Turn on the camera and the LCD projector. Press the projector

"Source/input" button until the image from the camera appears on theprojector's display.

Connecting Video Camera to Public Address System/Speaker System

Your video will be greatly enhanced if you have your demonstration pickedup by an audio feed from or to the camera.

Proccedure:

1.Turn the power OFF of your video camera and mixer amplifier.

2. Connect the audio out cables from your video camera to the RCA audio inputjack at the back of the mixer amplifier.

Note: You are about to turn the power ON of your mixer/amplifier, pleaseadjust all setting to 0 (zero) to avoid damaging your speaker system.

3. Turn the power ON of your video camera and amplifier/mixer. Makenecessary audio adjustments.


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TECHNIQUES IN DEMONSTRATING IN FRONT OF THE VIDEOCAMERA

Objectives:

After reading this information sheet you must be able to:

1. Explain the things to prepared before demonstrating in front of a videocamera.

2. Identify the techniques in demonstrating in front of the video camera.

Techniques in Demonstrating in Front of the Video Camera.

The opportunity to film a trainer before a live audience provides a naturalsetting and spontaneous, vigorous interactions. Particularly where you lack thebudget to film in a dedicated studio, this represents a viable option. Before filmingthe training, carefully consider the equipment, the location for the training, the

trainer, and the students.

Equipment

Although you can record video with inexpensive equipment, the qualitywill be noticeably amateurish and you'll have little room for error when it comestime to correct problems with the video or sound. The videocameras should beof at least "prosumer" quality (intermediate between professional and consumerquality); ideally, use professional equipment. Better cameras typically havethree CCD sensors versus the one sensor on typical consumer cameras.Although the resolution is similar, the three-CCD cameras provide morerealistic color.

Digital video cameras that record onto mini-DV cassettes now offerquality equal to that of more traditional cameras, but eliminate the conversionfrom analog (film) to digital; thus, they both speed the transfer of footage to acomputer for editing and eliminate quality loss due to format conversions.

Smooth zooms and pans are more difficult than they might seem, andrequire considerable practice. This is particularly true if, as with manycameras, the manual zoom and pan are too fast. The camera operator shouldbe very well versed in zooming, panning and tilting the video camera.

Never rely on the camera's built-in microphone. Though suitable for

home movies, this microphone provides noticeably lower quality than astandalone prosumer-quality model, and more often has obstacles or

Preparing to film


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participants between it and the speaker. Thus, it's much more likely to produceinadequate recordings of the speaker and distracting background noise. Tocapture the speaker's voice, use a lapel microphone; headgear microphonesalso work, but may present an unprofessional image.

Location

Choose a suitable location for filming. If you aren't using a studio, thelocation should be visually, sonically, and logistically suitable. An ideal locationprovides a single type of ambient light, since a mix of lighting leads tounpredictable variations in brightness during a long session. Artificial lightingis preferable because it remains constant. Natural lighting provides morenatural colors, but light intensities can vary excessively. In some cases, it maybe possible to install daylight-balanced ("full spectrum") bulbs. Whichever lightyou choose, consult your camera manual to see whether there's an optimalsetting for that type of light.

In terms of sound, make sure that the room doesn't create excessiveecho; echoes can be very difficult to remove during editing, and may even forceyou to re-record segments of the speech. Sometimes you can hang blanketsoutside the frame or rent large potted plants to diminish echoes, but it's betterto avoid them in the first place.

The presenter and presentation

Because videos should support self-learning, in short sessions tailored tothe student's schedule, plan the video as a series of modules that can beviewed sequentially. To facilitate this approach, ask the speaker to structurethe presentation somewhat more than might otherwise be the case. Breaking

the presentation into clear modules lets you design the video around themodules rather than creating artificial breaks that leave "visible seams".

Speakers should wear solid-colored clothing or an understated patternthat stands out from their background. They should avoid pinstripes and othergeometrical patterns that can cause moirs. With some cameras, bright colorsmay also "bleed" (create visible fringes) or reflect too much light, so understatedmatte colors are preferable. To spot any problems before they're preservedforever on film, create a test film before the actual training session and changethe speaker's wardrobe if necessary.

1. Start the demonstration by explaning what the trainees/student will learn inthe demonstration. Use wide shot (WS) or Mid shot (MS).

2. Introduce one by one the equipment, tools and materials to be used. UseCut-in shot.

3. Perform your demonstration making sure that the step-by-step procedurecan be captured by the camera. Make a close up shot of the demostration toshow the detailed video of the procedure.

4. After presenting the procedure present a summary of the demonstration.Wide Shot (WS) or Mid-Shot


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JOB SHEET NO. 6.1-1

PRESENT A DEMONSTRATION IN FRONT OF A VIDEO CAMERA

Objectives:

At the end of this task sheet, you must be able to:1. Present a demonstration in front of a video camera.

Equipment:

1. Video Camera Recorder2. Mixer/Amplifier3. LCD Projector4. Microphone

Supplies:1. Video Cassette2. RCA Cables

Note: Prepare the needed tools, equipment and supplies that you willuse for thedemonstration.

Procedure:

1. Set-up the video camera recorder, mixer amplifier and LCD projector.2. Prepare the needed tools, equipment and consumables to be used for

demonstration3. Shoot/record video of the demonstration.4. Store the equipment, tools and supplies.


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PERFORMANCE CHECKLIST NO. 6.1-1

PRESENTING A DEMONSTRATION LESSON THROUGH DIRECTVIDEO FOOTAGE/CAPTURE

Trainees Name: ________________________________ Date: ___________________

During the performance of the activity did the trainee perform according to therequired criteria?

Criteria Yes No N/A

Inspected equipment for safe working condition andnormal operation in-line with manufacturers usersguide.

Performed set-up of equipment in accordance with theconnection guide and presentation requirements

Operated equipment based on presentationrequirements and operation manual.

Executed presentation of lesson through direct videofootage/capture and in-line with the session plan

Stored Equipment through in accordance withstandard operating procedure.


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LEARNING OUTCOME SUMMARY

Learning Outcome 2: Present lesson via film viewing method

Contents:1. Procedure in interconnecting Player(VHS/VCD/DVD), P/A system and

Video Monitor/LCD Projector

2. Procedure in operating player(VHS/VCD/DVD)

3. Pros and cons of presenting lesson via film viewing method

4.Techniques in effective utilization of film viewing method in teaching.

5.

Basic maintenance of video players

Assessment Criteria:


2. Set-up of equipment is performed in accordance with connection guide,safety practices and presentation requirements.

3.

Equipment is operated based on presentation requirements andoperation manual.

4. Learners are oriented prior to film viewing in-line with the expectedoutcome of the lesson.

5. Learners are oriented prior to video viewing in-line with the expectedoutcome of the lesson

6. Strategies to ensure that the learner will learn important informationfrom the movie are implemented in-line with session plan.

7. Equipment is stored in accordance with standard operating procedure.

Conditions:

Trainees must be provided with following:1. Electronic Media Equipment

Player (VHS/VCD/DVD)

Video Monitor/LCD Projector

P/A Systems (including Audio Mixers/ Audio Amplifies/Microphones/ Speaker System)

2.Equipment guide and user manuals


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3. Interconnection guide

4. Connection cables

5.Training materials:

Information Sheet

Self-Checks

Model answers

Task Sheets

Inspection Checklist

Assessment Method:

1. Written Test

2. Demonstration/Questioning


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LEARNING EXPERIENCES

Learning Outcome 2: Present lesson via film viewing method (video)

Learning Activities Special Instructions

Read Information Sheet No. 6.2-1:The DVD/VCD Player


Checkyour answer to Answer Key6.2-1

Perform Task Sheet No.6.2-1:Connecting LCD Projector toVCD/DVD Player

Ask you trainer for the AV equipmentthat you will use for this activity.

Read Information Sheet No. 6.2-1:Techniques in Effective Utilization ofVideos


Checkyour answer to Answer Key6.2-1

Perform Job Sheet 6.2-1: Presentinga Lesson Via film Viewing Method(Video)

To check your skills, knowledge andattitude in facilitating training usingVCD/DVD and LCD/DLP projector,you will present a 15-minute lessonusing the above mentioned AVequipment.

Arrange with your trainer for theschedule and ask for a VCD/LCD andLCD/DLP projector for this activity.


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THE VCD/DVD PLAYER

Objectives:

Given the necessary equipment, you must be able to:

1. describe a VCD/DVD player;

2. identify the different component parts of a VCD/DVD player.

A CD/DVD player is a device that plays discs produced under both theDVD-Video and DVD-Audio technical standards, two different and incompatiblestandards. Additionally, most DVD players allow users to play audio CDs andVideo CDs (VCD). A few include a home cinema decoder (i.e. Dolby Digital, DigitalTheater Systems (DTS)). Some newer devices also play videos in the MPEG-4 ASPvideo compression format (such as DivX) popular in the Interne

utilize electronic media 2011

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