utah flora bot2100 lecture 4 monocots including: agavaceae liliaceae poaceae (graminae)
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Utah Flora BOT2100
Lecture 4Monocots
Including:
AgavaceaeLiliaceae
Poaceae (Graminae)
Utah Flora BOT2100
Flowering plants with a ovary wall (carpels)
Corollas and calyx generally not distinguishablesometimes bract-likeothers petaloid, called tepals
Flower parts in 3’s
Leaves generally with parallel veins
A single cotyledon (1st leaf)
Monocots
Utah Flora BOT2100
Major Families
Agavaceae – Agave, Yucca, sometimes included in Liliaceae
Amaryllidaceae – Amaryllis, Narcissus
Commelinaceae – spiderworts
Cyperaceae – sedges
Iridaceae – Iris, Gladiolus
Juncaceae – rushes
Liliaceae – Lilies, onions
Poaceae – grasses
Typhaceae – cattails
Monocots
Utah Flora BOT2100Asparagales
14 families 1,122 genera 26,070 species
Agavaceae
Worldwide 10 genera 340 species
Utah (Native and Introduced) 3 genera 13 species
DNA analyses places this family within as expanded Asparagaceae (Asparagus Family)
Utah Flora BOT2100Asparagales
Agavaceae
Agave Worldwide 210 species
Utah (Native) 1 species
•endemic to North, Central, and South America•leaves spirally arranged•ovary inferior•perianth regular•tepals fused (at least basally) and whitish to yellowish•fruit a capsule
Utah Flora BOT2100
Agave utahensis
•restricted in Utah to Washington Co.
•inflorescence narrowly cylindric (appears spicate)
•leaves armed with prominent teeth
AsparagalesAgavaceae
copyright Stan Shebs, 2006
Stan Shebs, 2006
Utah Flora BOT2100Asparagales
Agavaceae
Yucca Worldwide 50 species
Utah (Native) 13 species
•endemic to North, Central, and South America•leaves spirally arranged•ovary superior•perianth regular•tepals seperate, fleshy, and whitish•fruit a capsule
Utah Flora BOT2100
Yucca breviflora
•restricted in Utah to Washington Co.
•one of 2 tree-like Yucca species in Utah, all others are shrubs
•leaves less than 2.5 dm long
AsparagalesAgavaceae
copyright UBC Botanic Garden
Utah Flora BOT2100
Yucca harrimaniae
•most widely distributed Yucca in Utah
•leaves concave on one side
•other species with leaves flat on one side
AsparagalesAgavaceae
Utah Flora BOT2100Liliales
11 families 67 genera 1,558 species
Liliaceae
Worldwide 19 genera 610 species
Utah (Native or Introduced) 28 genera* 39 species
*The Utah flora recognizes many more genera in Liliaceae than current DNA analyses support. These
genera have been split into their own families.
Utah Flora BOT2100Liliales
Liliaceae
Allium Worldwide 800 species
Utah (Native and introduced) 13 species
•perennial herbs, +/- scapose, with bulbs•inflorescence umbellate•perianth regular, all segments alike & petaloid•tepals separate and whitish to pinkish•ovary superior•fruit a capsule
Utah Flora BOT2100
Allium acuminatum
•widespread in Utah
•leaves 2 to 4, opposite
•bulbcoats with prominent, thick-margined veins (reticulations)
LilialesLiliaceae
Utah Flora BOT2100
Calochortus Worldwide 60 species
Utah (Native) 8 species
•restricted to North and Central America•perennial herbs with bulbs, stems leafy •inflorescence generally solitary•perianth regular,
•outer segments bract-like, inner segments petaloid•tepals separate and whitish, yellowish, pinkish•ovary superior•fruit a capsule
LilialesLiliaceae
Utah Flora BOT2100
Calochortus nuttallii
•widespread in Utah
•stems erect
•perianth whitish to purplish
•hairy gland at base of tepals
LilialesLiliaceae
Utah Flora BOT2100Poales
17 families 997 genera 18,325 species
Poaceae
Worldwide 668 genera 10,035 species
Utah (Native and Introduced) 91 genera 203 species
3rd largest family in Utah
All members of this family have a bract-like perianth (lemma and palea) and a caryopsis for
fruit
Sheathing
Utah Flora BOT2100
The Grass Leaf
•leaf blade forms a sheath as it surrounds the stem
blade
sheath
stem
Glumes
Utah Flora BOT2100
The Grass Flower
•1st whorl (bract-like)•2 glumes, subopposite•alike or unlike one another
Lemma
Palea
•2nd whorl (bract-like)•1 lemma•different than palea•may look similar to glumes
•1st whorl (bract-like)
•3rd whorl (bract-like)•1 palea•often thin & papery •enclosed inside lemma, mostly
4 Parts:
outer husk=glumes
Utah Flora BOT2100Poales
Poaceae
Stipa Achnatherum
Worldwide 100 species
Utah (Native) 17 species
•spikelets pedicillate with a single floret•spikelets disarticulating above the glumes•glumes longer than the lemma•lemmas with simple awns (not branched)
Utah Flora BOT2100
Stipa comata Hesperostipa comata
•one of the most widespread species of Stipa in Utah
•terminal awn 5 cm long or longer with hairs less than 1 mm long
PoalesPoaceae
glumes
awned lemma
Utah Flora BOT2100Poales
Poaceae
Elymus Agropyron
Worldwide 150 species
Utah (Native and Introduced) ~18 species
•inflorescence a solitary, terminal spike•spikelets 1-several at each node•spikelets sessile with 1 to many florets•spikelets with a disarticulating rachis•disarticulating above the glumes, also•glumes can be short-awned, lemmas awnless
Utah Flora BOT2100
Elymus cinereusLeymus cinereus
•widespread in Great Basin
•clump-forming perennials (can have short rhizomes)
•inflorescence spicate
•spikelets 3-7 at a node
PoalesPoaceae
Utah Flora BOT2100Poales
Poaceae
Bromus Worldwide 100 species
Utah (Native and Introduced) 16 species
•spikelets pedicillate with 2 to many florets•spikelets disarticulating above the glumes•glumes longer than the lemma to shorter than the lemma•lemmas with simple awns (not branched)
Utah Flora BOT2100
Bromus tectorum
•widespread exotic weed
•very flammable when dry, good tinder for man-made wildfires
•awns of the lemma less than 13 mm
•panicles loosely flowered
PoalesPoaceae
Utah Flora BOT2100Poales
Poaceae
Phragmites Worldwide 3 species
Utah (Native) 1 species
•large, rhizomatous, wetland grasses (reeds)•spikelets pedicillate with 2 to many florets•spikelets disarticulating above the glumes•glumes shorter than the lemma
Utah Flora BOT2100
Phragmites australis
•widespread saline marsh grass
•inflorescence large
•branches drooping
PoalesPoaceae
Copyright Environment Canada
Utah Flora BOT2100
Assignment
•Draw and label species provided in lab
•Make sure to label those morphological features that helped you identify the sample (the characters in the key)
•Identify & label all samples to family and genus
•For Practice: use A Utah Flora to identify & label all samples to species (other than any we determined in class together)