October 2013 DocID024318 Rev 1 1/20

AN4271Application note

Using the SPIRIT1 transceiver with range extender

under EN 300 220 at 868 MHz

Placido De Vita

IntroductionThe SPIRIT1 is a very low power RF transceiver, intended for RF wireless applications in

the sub-1 GHz band. It is designed to operate both in the license-free ISM and SRD

frequency bands at 169, 315, 433, 868 and 915 MHz.

This application note outlines the expected performance when using the SPIRIT1 under EN

300 220-1 (v2.4.1, 2012-01) [2 ] in the 869.400 to 869.650 MHz band. This band is not

defined for specific applications, the maximum radiated power is +27 dBm (500 mW), and

the defined channel spacing is < 25 kHz with 10% duty cycle. The whole stated frequency

band may also be used as 1 wide-band channel for high speed data transmission.

For details on the regulatory limits in the 869.400 - 869.650 MHz SRD frequency bands,

please refer to ETSI EN 300 220-1 v2.4.1 [2] and ERC Recommendation 70-03 [3]. These

can be downloaded from www.etsi.org and www.ero.dk.

www.st.com

Contents AN4271

2/20 DocID024318 Rev 1

Contents

1 Application circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2 Transmitter parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

2.1 Adjacent channel power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

2.2 Modulation bandwidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

2.3 Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

3 Receiver parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

3.1 Receiver sensitivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

3.2 Blocking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

3.3 Receiver spurious radiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

4 Measuring equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

5 Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

6 Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

DocID024318 Rev 1 3/20

AN4271 Application circuit

1 Application circuit

Figure 1 shows the SPIRIT1 with range extender application board photo. The application is

made up of 2 boards: a daughterboard and a motherboard. The daughterboard holds the

SPIRIT1 with the circuits necessary for its function. For correct operation, the

daughterboard must be plugged into the motherboard (see Figure 2) by two header 5x2

connectors (J6 and J7).

The motherboard is equipped with an STM32L152VBT6 microcontroller to correctly

program the transceiver. The microcontroller is programmed with firmware developed for

the SPIRIT1 application. A graphical user interface (GUI) has been developed for

programming of the SPIRIT1.

The daughterboard includes a 50 MHz crystal to provide the correct oscillator to the

SPIRIT1.

The SPIRIT1 has an internal SMPS that drastically reduces power consumption, making the

SPIRIT1 the best-in-class for the application on this bandwidth. The SMPS is fed from the

battery (1.8 V to 3.6 V) and provides a programmable voltage (1.4 V typ) to the device. An

SMA connector is provided to connect the board to the antenna or to instrumentation in

order to verify correct functionality and confirm the ETSI standard required.

A few of passive devices (inductors and capacitors) are used as matching/filtering for the

power amplifier (PA) and balun network for the receiver.

A SAW filter is recommended in the TX path to attenuate the spurious emissions above the

carrier frequency, which would otherwise violate spurious emissions limits under ETSI 300

220 [2]. The same SAW filter is provided in the RX path because, due the proximity of the

GSM band, the receiver can be saturated in an application environment. This SAW filter can

be bypassed using a short R1 resistor.

The SAW filter used is a Tai-Saw Technology CO., LTD. TA0801 868 MHz SAW filter [5].

An external FEM (front-end module) is used to improve the output power at the +27 dBm

requested. The FEM utilized is a Skyworks SE2435L [6]. The device includes a power

amplifier (PA) capable of about +27 dBm of transmitted output power. The receive channel

consists of an integrated LNA (low noise amplifier) with programmable bypass. An

integrated antenna switch, which provides an insertion loss of approximately 0.8 dB,

separates the TX and RX paths.

Application circuit AN4271

4/20 DocID024318 Rev 1

Figure 1. SPIRIT1 with range extender application daughterboard

Figure 2. SPIRIT1 application daughterboard plugged into the motherboard

DocID024318 Rev 1 5/20

AN4271 Application circuit

Figure 3. Daughterboard circuit schematic (1 of 2)

C6 C_220p_0402_C0G

R14R_100k_0402

C10

C_10P_0402_C0G

L1

L_3n_0402

C12C_100n_0402_X7R

Y1

XTAL

C22

C_330p_0402_C0G

U1

SPIRIT1

GPIO_01

SDO2

SDI3

SCLK4

CSn5

VB

AT2

8

XO

UT

6

XIN

7

RX

P9

RX

N10

REXT11

TX12

SMPS213

SMPS114

VB

AT1

16

SDn15

VR

EG

17

GP

IO_3

18

GP

IO_2

19

GP

IO_1

20

GN

D21

C8

C_220p_0402_C0G

L7

L_10U_0805

L4 L_18n_0402

J6HEADER 5X2

2 4 6 8 10

1 3 5 7 9

C1

ne

C2

C_8.2p_0402_C0G

L3 L_4.3n_0402

U3

M95640

nS1

Q2

nW3

Vss4

Vcc8

nHOLD7

C6

D5

L2 0R0

C13C_560p_0402_X7R

R12R_100k_0402

C20C_1U_0603_X7R

C4C_2.2pF_0402_COG

C3C_5.6p_0402_C0G

C33C_100n_0402_X7R

C14C_1.2p_0402_C0G

L10

L_10n_0402

C9

C_12P_0402_C0G

L8

0R0

C15

ne

C19C_10n_0402_X7R

C0C_100n_0402_X7R

R13

R_100k_0402

C5

C_1.8p_0402_C0G

L6L_22n_0402

C11C_470n_0603_X7R

J7HEADER 5X2

2 4 6 8 10

1 3 5 7 9

C21C_100p_0402_C0G

L9

L_2.7n_0402

L0L_100n_0402

L5 L_18n_0402

U7

TMM

11

22

3344

SDn

GPIO0

GPIO1

GPIO3

SCLK

SDOSDI

CSn

GPIO2

DUMMY3

nS

nS

SCLKSDI

SDO

VCC_RF3V3

VCC_RF

3V3

TX_Path

GPIO2

GPIO1

GPIO0

RX_Path

NX3225GA-xxMHz (XTAL)

GAMS060320131434FSR

Application circuit AN4271

6/20 DocID024318 Rev 1

Figure 4. Daughterboard circuit schematic (2 of 2)

R3 1k

C27

C_12p_0402_C0G

C32

C_2.2p_0402_C0G

J1RF_IN/OUT

U8

TA0801A

Gnd1

In2

Gnd3

Gnd4Out5Gnd6

R4 1k

L16 L_7.5n_0402

C25

C_10n_0402_X7R

C24C_33p_0402_COG

C29 C_6.8p_0402_C0G

C18

C_4.7u_0603_X5R

C30C_3.3p_0402_COG

L12

L_6.8n_0603

L18 L_6.8n_0603

R1

ne

R6 50

L15

L_4.7n_0402

C23

C_1n_0402_X7R

C31

C_22p_0402_COG

L17

L_6.8n_0603

U9

SE2435L

CSD1

PA_IN2

CPS3

CTX4

TX_FLT5

TR6

AN

T_S

EL

7

GN

D8

LNA

_IN

9

NC

10

RX

_FLT

11

AN

T212

VC

C1

24

VC

C0

23

NC

22

VC

C2

21

PA_O

UT

20

NC

19

NC18

NC17

TX_IN16

NC15

ANT114

NC13

GND25

L14

L_7.5n_0402

U10

TA0801A

Gnd1In2Gnd3

Gnd4

Out5

Gnd6

R2

1k

R5 50

C7

C_220p_0402_C0G

C28 C_3p_0402_COG

L13

L_3.3n_0402

C26C_100p_0402_COG

3V3

TX_Path

GPIO0

GPIO1

GPIO2

RX_Path

GAMS060320131436FSR

DocID024318 Rev 1 7/20

AN4271 Transmitter parameters

2 Transmitter parameters

All the measurements reported here have been measured with the following parameters: TC

= 25 °C, VDD

= 3.3 V, f = 869.500 MHz.

The adjacent channel power, modulation bandwidth and unwanted emissions in the

spurious domain measurements are also reported. The measurements are performed in

accordance with EN 300 220 v1 [2].

2.1 Adjacent channel powerThe adjacent channel power (ACP) is defined as the amount of the modulated RF signal

power which falls within a given adjacent channel. This power is the sum of the mean power

produced by the modulation, hum and noise of the transmitter. This measurement is

applicable only to narrow band systems.

This test measures the power transmitted on the adjacent channel during continuous

modulation. The ACP is measured with a spectrum analyzer conforming to the requirements

given in the EN 300 220-1 v2.4.1 (2012-01) [2] annex C.

In this application note, the ACP measured with 12.5 kHz channel spacing is investigated.

For this measurement, the integrated bandwidth of the adjacent channel is 8.5 kHz. The

ETSI limits for the ACP is 10 μW (-20 dBm) for channel separation of 12.5 kHz.

Figure 5 illustrates the measured ACP at the 869.5 MHz center frequency. The data rate is

set to 2.4 kbps, the frequency deviation is set to 2.4 kHz, and the modulation is set to

Gaussian FSK (GFSK) with a BT = 0.5.

The output power integrated around the carrier is 27 dBm in 8.5 kHz bandwidth. With this

power the ACP is -30 dBm, which is 10 dB better than the ETSI limit.

The SPIRIT1 is fully compliant with the ETSI transmitter adjacent channel power

requirements, with margin.

Transmitter parameters AN4271

8/20 DocID024318 Rev 1

Figure 5. adjacent power measurement, 12.5 kHz narrow band channel spacing

2.2 Modulation bandwidthThe range of the modulation bandwidth includes all associated side bands above the

appropriate emissions level and the frequency error or drift under extreme test conditions.

The frequency drift in extreme test conditions primarily depends on the crystal quality, which

is not included in this report.

This measurement applies to equipment not covered by the adjacent channel power clause,

so the measurement is performed for a case with a channel bandwidth greater than 25 kHz.

Figure 6 illustrates the ETSI spectral mask with which the radio must comply at the sub-

band edges. Basically, there are only two limit thresholds. What changes is the bandwidth of

integration at the different offset regions.

The same spectral mask is reported in Figure 7. The device center frequency is 869.5 MHz,

the data rate is set to 38.4 kbps, the frequency deviation to 20 kHz and Gaussian FSK

(GFSK) with a BT = 0.5 as modulation is chosen. The applied output power is set to 27

dBm.

With these parameters, the spectral masks of the SPIRIT1 complies with ETSI [2] sub-

clause 7.7.

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

8.6948E+08 8.6949E+08 8.6950E+08 8.6951E+08 8.6952E+08 8.6953E+08

Oup

ut p

ower

[dBm

]

Frequency [Hz]

Adjacent channel power, 2.4 kbps data rate, 2.4 kHz frequency devia�on

ACP = -30 dBm

8.5 kHz 8.5 kHz 8.5 kHz

GAMS060320131441FSR

DocID024318 Rev 1 9/20

AN4271 Transmitter parameters

Figure 6. ETSI spectral mask measurement limits and sub-band edges

where:

• fc is the emission center frequency

• fe is the sub-band edge frequency

• only the upper half of the emission is shown. The lower half is a mirror image.

Figure 7. spectral mask measurement, 100 kHz channel spacing

fc fe fe+200 kHz fe+400 kHz fe+1 MHz

-30 dBm/1 kHz

-36 dBm/1 kHz

-36 dBm/10 kHz

-36 dBm/100 kHz

GAMS060320131449FSR

-75

-65

-55

-45

-35

-25

-15

-5

5

15

25

8.680E+08 8.683E+08 8.685E+08 8.688E+08 8.690E+08 8.693E+08 8.695E+08 8.698E+08 8.700E+08 8.703E+08 8.705E+08 8.708E+08 8.710E+08

Out

put p

ower

[dBm

]

Frequency [Hz]

Spectral mask, 38.4 kbps data rate, 20 kHz devia�on

-30 dBm

-36 dBm

GAMS060320131637FSR

Transmitter parameters AN4271

10/20 DocID024318 Rev 1

2.3 Unwanted emissions in the spurious domainSpurious emissions are unwanted emissions in the spurious domain at frequencies other

than those of the desired carrier frequency and its sidebands associated with normal test

modulation.

A spectrum analyzer is used as external receiver. The measurement is performed setting

the SPIRIT1 without modulation and observing it at up to 6 GHz as described in the ETSI [2]

subclause 7.8.

The measurement is split into two graphs: in Figure 8 the unwanted spurious emission for

frequencies below 1 GHz is shown. The measurement is performed setting the instrument

to a resolution bandwidth of 100 kHz, as required by ETSI [2]. In Figure 9, the unwanted

spurious emission for frequencies from 1 GHz to 6 GHz is shown. The measurement is

performed setting the instrument to a resolution bandwidth of 1 MHz, as required by ETSI

[2]. In the two graphs, the mask requirement from ETSI is reported also.

The unwanted emissions in the spurious domain of the SPIRIT1 complies with ETSI [2] sub-

clause 7.8.

Figure 8. Unwanted spurious emission below 1 GHz

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

0.E+00 1.E+08 2.E+08 3.E+08 4.E+08 5.E+08 6.E+08 7.E+08 8.E+08 9.E+08 1.E+09

Out

put p

ower

[dBm

]

Frequency [MHz]

Spirit

ETSI mask

GAMS110320131801FSR

DocID024318 Rev 1 11/20

AN4271 Transmitter parameters

Figure 9. Unwanted spurious emission over 1 GHz

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

1.E+09 2.E+09 2.E+09 3.E+09 3.E+09 4.E+09 4.E+09 5.E+09 5.E+09 6.E+09 6.E+09

Out

put p

ower

[dBm

]

Frequency [MHz]

Spirit

ETSI mask

GAMS110320131805FSR

Receiver parameters AN4271

12/20 DocID024318 Rev 1

3 Receiver parameters

All the measurement reported here are measured with the following parameters: TC

= 25 °C,

VDD

= 3.3 V, f = 869.500 MHz.

The family of short range radio devices is divided into three receiver categories, each having

a set of relevant receiver requirements and minimum performance criteria. The set of

receiver requirements depends on the choice of receiver category by the equipment

provider. The SPIRIT1 is a transceiver that meets the requirements of receiver category 2,

which means medium reliable SRD communication media that can cause inconvenience to

persons, which cannot simply be overcome by other means.

The main parameters that have to be measured for category 2 devices are sensitivity,

blocking and receiver spurious radiation.

3.1 Receiver sensitivityReceiver sensitivity is the minimum level of the signal at receiver input, produced by a

carrier at the nominal frequency of the receiver, modulated with the normal test signal

modulation, which produces performance of a bit error rate (BER) of 10-2 without correction.

Under normal test conditions, the value of the typical usable sensitivity for 25 kHz channel

spacing equipment with a 16 kHz bandwidth shall not exceed -107 dBm. If the RX

bandwidth is not 16 kHz, the sensitivity limit is modified according to the following formula:

Equation 1

The measurement is performed using an RF signal source generator centered at the same

receiver frequency as the desired modulation signal. The demodulated data and clock are

taken from the SPIRIT1 receiver and sent to the same generator to do the BER

measurement. The generator signal level is reduced until a BER of 1% is obtained.

To reduce power consumption, an internal SMPS is integrated in the SPIRIT1. Figure 10

demonstrates the ETSI 1% BER sensitivity limit (red line) and the SPIRIT1 sensitivity for

different data rate. This application note outlines the expected performance when using the

SPIRIT1 under EN 300 220-1 (v2.4.1, 2012-01) [2] in the 869.400 - 869.650 MHz band, with

the channel lower than 25 kHz, or with a single channel of the 250 kHz band. Just to show

the real performance of the application, different channel spacings are shown. The test

conditions are: GFSK (BT = 0.5) modulation with 2.4 kHz frequency deviation and 8 kHz

channel bandwidth for the 2.4 kbps data rate, GFSK (BT = 0.5) modulation with 1.2 kHz

frequency deviation and 8 kHz channel bandwidth for the 4.8 kbps data rate, GFSK (BT = 1)

modulation with 20 kHz frequency deviation and 250 kHz channel bandwidth for the 38.4

kbps data rate. The sensitivity is also measured with a PER of 1%.

The SPIRIT1 is fully compliant with ETSI class 2 receiver sensitivity requirements, with a

large margin.

Sp[dBm] 10logBW[kHz]

16

-----------------------

107–=

DocID024318 Rev 1 13/20

AN4271 Receiver parameters

Figure 10. Sensitivity vs. data rate with 1% BER

3.2 BlockingBlocking is a measure of the capability of the receiver to receive a wanted modulated signal

without exceeding a given degradation due to the presence of an unwanted input signal at

any frequency other than those of the spurious responses or the adjacent channels or

bands.

All the blocking results are measured by positioning the input power 3 dB above the

measured sensitivity limit reported in the previous paragraph, with a primary signal source

generator. A second generator with an un-modulated signal is used as the interferer and

combined with the primary signal using a power combiner. The second interferer generator

is placed at the desired frequency offset and the power is increased until the BER

degradation of 1% is obtained.

ETSI specifies the blocking limits in absolute values at two points: ±2 and ±10 MHz. The

limit for class 2 receiver at ±2 MHz is > 35 dB - 10log(BWkHz/16 kHz), at ±10 MHz it is > 60

dB - 10log(BWkHz/16 kHz). Figure 11 shows the blocking curves with 2.4 kbps and 4.8 kbps

data rates; Figure 12 shows the blocking curve with 38.4 kbps data rate.

The SPIRIT1 with range extender is fully compliant with ETSI class 2 receiver blocking

requirements, with a large margin.

-125

-120

-115

-110

-105

-100

-95

-90

-85

1 10 100

Sens

i�vi

ty [d

Bm]

Data Rate [kbps]

Measured

ETSI Limits

GAMS060320131648FSR

Receiver parameters AN4271

14/20 DocID024318 Rev 1

Figure 11. RX blocking vs. CW interferer offset with 1% BER, 1.2 kbps data rate

Figure 12. RX blocking vs. CW interferer offset with 1% BER, 500 kbps data rate

3.3 Receiver spurious radiationSpurious radiation from the receiver are components at any frequency radiated by the

equipment and antenna.

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

-10000 -8000 -6000 -4000 -2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000

CW in

terf

eren

ce le

vel [

dBm

]

CW interferer offset [kHz]

2.4 kbps

4.8 kbps

ETSI Limits

GAMS060320131654FSR

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

-10000 -8000 -6000 -4000 -2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000

CW in

terf

eren

ce le

vel [

dBm

]

CW interferer offset [kHz]

38.4 kbps

ETSI Limits

GAMS060320131659FSR

DocID024318 Rev 1 15/20

AN4271 Receiver parameters

A spectrum analyzer is used as external receiver. The measurement is performed setting

the SPIRIT1 without modulation and observing it at up to 6 GHz as described in the ETSI [2]

sub-clause 8.6.

The measurement is split into two graphs: in Figure 13 the unwanted spurious emission for

frequencies below 1 GHz is shown. The measurement is performed setting the instrument

to a resolution bandwidth of 100 kHz, as required by ETSI [2]. In Figure 14 the spurious

radiation from the receiver for frequencies from 1 GHz to 6 GHz is shown. The

measurement is performed setting the instrument to a resolution bandwidth of 1 MHz, as

required by ETSI [2]. In the two graphs, the mask required by ETSI is reported also.

The receiver spurious radiation of the SPIRIT1 complies with ETSI [2] sub-clause 8.6.

Figure 13. Receiver spurious emission below 1 GHz

-110

-100

-90

-80

-70

-60

-50

-40

0.E+00 1.E+08 2.E+08 3.E+08 4.E+08 5.E+08 6.E+08 7.E+08 8.E+08 9.E+08 1.E+09

Out

put p

ower

[dBm

]

Frequency [Hz]

SpiritETSI mask

GAMS110320131807FSR

Receiver parameters AN4271

16/20 DocID024318 Rev 1

Figure 14. Receiver spurious emission over 1 GHz

-90

-80

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

1.E+09 2.E+09 2.E+09 3.E+09 3.E+09 4.E+09 4.E+09 5.E+09 5.E+09 6.E+09 6.E+09

Out

put p

ower

[dBm

]

Frequency [Hz]

SpiritETSI mask

GAMS110320131810FSR

DocID024318 Rev 1 17/20

AN4271 Measuring equipment

4 Measuring equipment

The following equipment was used to perform the measurements.

Table 1. Measuring equipment

Measurement Instrument type Instrument model

RX Signal generator

Agilent ESG E4438C

Agilent ESG E4438C

TX Signal analyzer R&S FSIQ7

Reference AN4271

18/20 DocID024318 Rev 1

5 Reference

1. STMicroelectronics SPIRIT1 datasheet

2. ETSI EN300 220 V2.4.1: “Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters

(ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD); Radio equipment to be used in the 25 MHz to

1000 MHz frequency range with power levels ranging up to 500 mW”

3. CEPT/ERC/Recommendation 70-03: “Relating to the use of Short Range Devices

(SRD)”

4. CEN/TC prEN 13757-4:2011.10: “Communication systems for meters and remote

reading of meters - Part 4: Wireless meter readout (Radio meter reading for operating

in SRD bands)”

5. TAI-SAW Technology CO., LTD. TA0801A “SAW Filter 868 MHz” datasheet

6. Skyworks “SE2435L: 960 - 930 MHz High Power RF Front End Module” datasheet

DocID024318 Rev 1 19/20

AN4271 Revision history

6 Revision history

Table 2. Document revision history

Date Revision Changes

24-Oct-2013 1 Initial release.

AN4271

20/20 DocID024318 Rev 1

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