Using Fluorescence X-rays for Non-invasive

Biopsy

Team members: Savannah Gill

Kelvin Lin Mike McHugh

Trey Reece Derric Williams

Advisors: Dr. Frank CarrollDr. Ed Donnelly

Mr. Robert TraegerMr. Gary Shearer

Current MethodsConventional Methods

Mammography Cheap, Simple, Ubiquitous High False Negative Rate

10%-20% cancer missed MRI

Safer More Sensitive More Costly

15x that of mammography High False Positive Rate

One study showed 43% of suspicious MRI findings showed no cancer

Twice as many false positive as mammograms

Mammography X-Ray Image

http://history.nih.gov/exhibits/genetics/sect2.htm

Project Background Current Methods are

Invasive

Our Project Hopes To Rid Detection

Process of Needles, Anesthetic, & Pain

Reduce radiation dose to patient

Rid of contrast agent Reduce Time &

Complicationshttp://healtgate.partners.org

Our Method Monochromatic X-

rays Fire X-rays of only

one energy (or wavelength)

Use SAXS emissions from elements in tissue

Theory Behind Our Method

Small Angle X-ray ScatteringSmall Angle X-ray Scattering

θ

Task 1: Decrease the size of the x-ray beam using collimator

Task 2: Block off the extra x-rays using beamstop

Task 3: Detect and analyze scattering pattern

Task 4: Determine material

d

R

Project Description

Diffraction Patterns

Paraffin Wax

• Similar to Adipose Tissue

• No Water

• Major Radial Peaks at: 12.6°, 11.4°, 10.2°

Diffraction Patterns

Adipose/Gland Phantom 100/0

• Major radial peak at: 11.5°

• Possible additional peaks at: 9.1°, 10.3°

Diffraction Patterns

Adipose/Gland Phantom 30/70

• Major radial peak at: 11.5°

• Possible additional peaks at: 9.1°, 10.3°

Diffraction Patterns

Adipose/Gland Phantom 50/50

• Major radial peak at: 11.5°

• New peak emerging at: 15.5°

Diffraction Patterns

Adipose/Gland Phantom 30/70

• Major radial peak at: 11.5°

• New clear peak at: 15.5°

Diffraction Patterns

Adipose/Gland Phantom 0/100

• Major radial peak at: 11.5°, 15.5°

• Possible additional peaks at: 13.8°, 8.9°

Diffraction Patterns

Aluminum

• Dots instead of rings (crystalline)

• Multiple photon energies -> Smears

Aluminum from Cullity, “Elements of X-Ray Diffraction”

Diffraction Patterns

Wood Grain Horizontal Wood Grain Vertical

Wooden Block (1.5” Thick)

Can you tell the difference?

100 2.3 deg

200 4.7 deg

300 7.1 deg

400 9.4 deg

500 11.7 deg

600 14.0 deg

700 16.2 deg

800 18.3 deg

900 20.5 deg

1000 22.5 deg

1100 24.5 deg

Thin Breast

Thin Cancerous Breast

Thick CancerousBreast

Breast Samples

Mouse Muscle

Cancerous Muscle

Muscle Samples

Pig Skin

Pig Fat

Pig Samples

Reducing Noise – Monochromatic Beam

Thin Ring Created

Detector

Incident Beam

Thin Sample

Polychromatic

Reducing Noise – Monochromatic Beam

Thin Ring Created

Detector

Incident Beam

Thin Sample

Monochromatic

Current Status

Collect more images of different material using Kevex X-ray

X-ray more biological specimens

Use monochromatic x-ray laser for clearer results

Develop an algorithm to determine the cancerous tissue from normal tissue

Next Step

Continue imaging biological samples Multiple trials needed

Compare samples of normal tissue to cancerous tissue

Determine composition of unknown images as given by Dr. Carroll

Dates to Come

Finish new collimator By March 23rd

Finish imaging biological samples By April 4th

Image biological samples with monochromatic By April 13th

Complete analyzation & poster By next oral presentation

References

http://www.breastcancer.org/mri_vs_mammogram_high_risk.html

http://www.mrsc.ucsf.edu/breast/what_is_breast_mri.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammography

Questions?