use these!
DESCRIPTION
Use these!. Make sure to change this on student note sheet as well Ask a Question Observations & Background Research Construct a Hypothesis Test Your Hypothesis (Experiment or Gather Data) Analyze Your Data & Draw a Conclusion Communicate Your Results. Improvements . - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Use these!
Make sure to change this on student note sheet as well Ask a Question Observations & Background Research Construct a Hypothesis Test Your Hypothesis (Experiment or Gather Data) Analyze Your Data & Draw a Conclusion Communicate Your Results
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Improvements
Need better examples of use of scientific method. Especially observations
More examples of flawed experiments and why constants are needed (why they must be kept constant for valid experiment)
Identify what went wrong or what happened in experiments
Identify what happened in graphs Get a real case of the placebo effect happening
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Today you are going to…listen as I explain the classroom rules & consequences & begin learning your names
So you can…understand what’s expected of you in this class.
You’ll know you’ve got it when you can Recite the rules & consequences
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Bell Ringer 8/27/13
1. List the 3 classroom rules in their entirety.
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Bell Ringer 8/27/13 – 4 minGet a sheet of notebook paper and format it as seen
to the left of this screen. C.S. = COMPLETE SENTENCE
1. List the 3 classroom rules in their entirety.
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Today you are going to…listen as I explain the course content, policies, & proceduresreceive (books) & notebooksreview the class website
So you can…understand what’s expected of you in this classhave the materials needed for the class
You’ll know you’ve got it when youcan follow the procedureshave a notebook & bookcan access the website
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Bell Ringer 8/28/13
1. Where is Mr. Shuster in the morning?2. Where do you look to see what you missed while
you were absent?3. If you have an unexcused absence, you earn a
________ for all work done/due that day.
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ScheduleMonday 8/26
Introductions & RulesTuesday
Syllabus, Procedures, Notebooks, & Sci MethodWednesday
Books, Mystery Bag, Sci Method NotesThursday
Lycopodium Demo, Sci Method Project, Sci. Meth NotesFriday
Quiz,
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Today you are going to…
take notes on the scientific method & complete a mystery bag activity
So you can…
understand the scientific methodYou’ll know you’ve got it when you
can list the steps & complete the accompanying worksheet.
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The Scientific Method
When scientists make observations about the natural world, they are often presented with a question or problem. To solve the problem scientists follow a series of steps called the:
Scientific Method!!Scientific method – series of steps scientists use to investigate problems
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The 6 Steps of the Scientific Method
1. State the problem (Ask a question)2. Make observations3. Form a hypothesis4. Test the hypothesis (experiment)5. Draw conclusions6. Communicate the results
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Bell Ringer 8/29/13
1. Write the 6 steps of the scientific method in order.
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Today you are going to…
see an awesome demo & take notes on the scientific method
So you can…understand the scientific method
You’ll know you’ve got it when youcan list the steps & complete the accompanying worksheet.
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1. State the problem (ask the question)
Usually in form of a question
Example – Why does the same kind of plant grow at different rates in different parts of the house?
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2. Make observations & gather data Observe – to use any of your senses to
gather information.
Examples This room is white. The air is warm. Acorns taste bitter. Things look bent when they’re in water. Plants get different amounts of sunlight in different
parts of the house.
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3. Form A Hypothesis
Hypothesis – a tentative (possible) explanation or answer to the question, “educated guess” Must be testable Often an “If…than” statement Example – If a plant gets more sunlight, than it will
grow faster .
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4. Test the hypothesis Once it is established…it must be tested!
How? Conducting experiments
AND/OR Gathering data
Example of an experiment – Take 2 of the same plant. Expose each to a different amount of sunlight and measure the height of each plant every day.
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5. Analyze Results & Draw Conclusions
Graphs & tables are often created to organize data
Example – chart the daily growth of each plant
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What can you tell by analyzing this graph?
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5. Analyze Results & Draw Conclusions Did the results support the hypothesis?
If the hypothesis was NOT supported…the experiment may be repeated to check for errors.
Or Scientists may form a new hypothesis.
Example – The plant that received more sunlight grew more quickly. The results of the experiment support the hypothesis!
Either way, the experiment must be performed many times to be considered reliable.
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6. Communicate the Results Share information with other scientists &people Published reports, journals, lectures, internet, etc. Scientists “check” each other’s work and results Example – Publish your results in a biology or
botany magazine How else can results be communicated?
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Bell Ringer 8/29/12
1. List the steps of the scientific method in order. (Try from memory before double checking your notes.) 3 min
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Bell Ringer 8/31/12
1. Ready your pencil…get one if you need one.2. Separate yourself and fellow students if possible.3. Take everything off of your desk except a
pencil/pen and blank piece of paper.
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Bell Work 9/4/12 – 3 min
1. Define hypothesis (c.s.)2. W5SAYWoS
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Schedule Review bell work Collect hw Return quizzes & makeup quiz Notebooks Grades worksheet? Calculate grades Notes on parts of an experiment SpongeBob worksheet
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Schedule Review bell work Collect hw? Review home experiment Notes on parts of an experiment SpongeBob worksheet
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Parts of an Experiment
An experiment may include several things: Variables Control Group & Experimental Group Sample Size Placebo
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Variables
Variable – something in an experiment that changes
3 kinds of variables independent, dependent, & constant
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Types of Variables Independent variable – controlled by the
scientist (cause) Should change the dependent variable What is the experimental group getting that the control isn’t?
Dependent variable – result measured by the scientist (effect, hopefully) Should depend on the independent variable
Example – Take 2 of the same plant. Expose each to a different amount of sunlight and measure the height of each plant every day.
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Constant Variables
Constant variable – a condition that does not change in an experiment…the scientist keeps it the same Must be the same in order for the experiment to be
valid (accurate)
Plants example?
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Bell Work 9/3/13 – 4 min
1. Zach is conducting an experiment to see peeing on a jellyfish sting will help it heal faster. Identify the independent variable, dependent variable, and 2 constant variables that might be in his experiment.
2. W5SAYWoS
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Groups Often times there are 2 groups in an
experiment.
Experimental group - exposed to independent variable
Control group – not exposed to independent variable
Everything else in the two groups is exactly the same!
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Sample Size Sample Size – how much/many do you test?
The bigger the group tested, the more reliable the results are.
(Testing a group of 1,000 will have more reliable results than testing a group of 100.)
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Placebo
Placebo – fake substance taken in place of independent variable
Placebo effect – when placebo has an effect on the dependent variable, psychological
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An experiment which bounces higher, a frozen tennis ball or a tennis ball at room temperature Hypothesis:
Experimental Group:
Control Group:
Independent Variable:
Dependent Variable:
Constant Variables
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An experiment to see if a new type of gasoline will increase the fuel consumption (miles per gallon) of a car Hypothesis:
Experimental Group:
Control Group:
Independent Variable:
Dependent Variable:
Constant Variables
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Alana Demonstrates the Scientific Method 1. Why is the scientific method “outstanding”? 2. What is the Alana’s hypothesis? 3. Alana’s hypothesis was incorrect…does this
make her experiment worthless? 4. Identify the independent variable and
dependent variable in this experiment. 5. What evidence was developed during this
experiment?
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Bell Work 9/6
Quietly read the paper towel lab procedures.
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Procedures Quietly read the paper towel lab procedures.
Staying on task Measuring at eye level Holding paper towel as instructed Accurately timing Cleaning up
Dry cups out and set them near the sink on the side of the room
Return materials (scissors, markers, cups)
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Bell Work 9/7/12 – 3 min
1. Dr. Murray wants to test a new medicine to see if it can heal sunburn. Imagine the experiment he would conduct and identify the
1. Experimental group2. Control group3. Independent variable4. Dependent variable5. 2 constant variables
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Bell Work 9/11/12 – 4 min1. Mia wants to see if sweet n low increases the
likelihood of cancer. She orders 200 lab rats to test her experiment. Identify the
1. Independent variable2. Dependent variable3. Experimental group4. Control group5. What might the control group receive? 6. W5SAYWoS
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Bell Work 9/4/13 – 4 min1. Alida wants to see if a drug she’s created
prevents cancer. She orders 200 lab rats to test her experiment. She gives the drug to all of the rats everyday. After 2 years, none of the rats get cancer.
1. What was Alida’s hypothesis. (If…than…)2. Identify the independent variable and dependent
variable.3. What do you conclude from this experiment?
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Bell Work 9/5/13 – 4 minYesterday’s hw?1. On graphs, the independent variable goes on the
_________ axis and the dependent variable goes on the ____________ axis.
2. A ___________________ graph is best for analyzing counted quantities.
3. A ___________________ graph is best for analyzing parts of a whole.
4. A ___________________ graph is best for analyzing trends.
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Happy 40th Birthday Mr. Murray!
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Today you are going to…take notes on graphstake notes on scientific theories & laws
So you can… choose and create the correct graph in a given scenarioexplain & differentiate between a law & theory
You’ll know you’ve got it when youcomplete the graph creating worksheetanswer the questions on scientific theories & laws
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Schedule Tuesday Finish scientific method notes SpongeBob wkst
Wednesday Check HW & review Notes on graphs, laws, & theories
Thursday Notes on graphs, laws, & theories
Friday Scientific notation notes
Monday Scientific notation
Tuesday Graphs? or Review?
Wednesday Test – top score in each class gets something special!!!
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Graphs
Pie Graph Bar Graph Line Graph Look at both axes when reading graph
Independent variable is on the axis Dependent variable is on the axis
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Pie Graph Percents – parts of a whole
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Bar Graph
Used to compare quantities (amounts) Often counted
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Line Graph
Used to show trends
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Interpret! (It’s ok if ur confused )
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Interpret this graph!
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Interpret!
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What kind of graph is this?
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Scientific Theory an explanation for observations, events or
facts observed in nature tells how or why something happens based on many experiments…a valid scientific
theory has passed many tests! can change or be disproven at any time A theory CANNOT become a law! Example - Big Bang Theory
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Scientific Theories Big Bang Theory The Atomic Theory Cell Theory Germ Theory Theory of Evolution
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Scientific Laws Generalizations about how natural world behaves
They simply state that something happens…they don’t say why or how!
Can often be written as a math equation. May change as new data become available.
Example - Law of gravity, laws of thermodynamics
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Scientific Laws Newton’s 3 Laws of Motion Universal Law of Gravitation Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion Laws of Thermodynamics
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Scientific Laws & Theories
1. How are they different?2. How are they similar?3. How is a hypothesis different from a theory? 4. Does the phrase “It’s only a theory.” apply to
scientific theories? Why or why not?
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Law or Theory?
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Law or Theory?
Earth's outer layer is made up of plates, which have moved throughout Earth's history. This explains the how and why behind mountains, volcanoes, and earthquakes.
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Law or Theory?
the universe originated sometime between 10 billion and 20 billion years ago from the cataclysmic explosion of a small volume of matter at extremely high density and temperature
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Law or Theory?
An objects acceleration is directly related to the force applied to it. (This means if it is pushed twice as hard, it will accelerate twice as much.)
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A man wants to see if Rogaine will make his hair grow back (he is totally bald). Every day he applies Rogaine to the right half of his head. On the left half he doesn’t apply anything. After one month he notices hair growing on the right half but none on the left. Write the 6 steps of the Scientific method and what he might have done for each step. Identify the independent and dependent variables, the control group, and the experimental group.
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6 Steps of the Scientific Method1. Ask a question –
________________________________________
2. Form a hypothesis – ______________________________________
3. Test the hypothesis – ______________________________________
4. Analyze the results - ______________________________________
5. Draw conclusions – ________________________________________
6. Communicate the results – ________________________________________
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6 Steps of the Scientific Method1. Ask a question – Will Rogaine make my hair
grow?2. Form a hypothesis – If I put Rogaine on my
scalp, than my hair will grow back.3. Test the hypothesis – Put Rogaine on half of scalp4. Analyze the results – Monitor & measure hair
growth5. Draw conclusions – Rogaine works!6. Communicate the results – He tells all his friends.
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A. Jane looks at the clock and realizes the time is not correct.B. Jane realizes that the battery must have died.C. Jane then wonders, “What brand of battery would last the
longest in that clock?”D. She thinks, “I think that the energizer battery would last the
longest.”E. Jane goes to local store and buy Duracell and Energizer
batteries. She places the batteries in the same type of clock and lets the test begin. She checks the clocks every day to see if the batteries are still working.
F. After 3 months, the Duracell battery died. The Energizer battery took 5 months before it died.
G. Jane graphed her results and looked at what she found.H. Finally, Jane says, “I was right! The Energizer battery did last
the longest!”I. Jane then go to tells her friends that Energizers batteries last
longer.
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Kira’s Experiment
1. What is Kira’s hypothesis? 2. What were the results of the experiment?
Independent Variable – Dependent Variable –
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Did you know?
Tigers have striped skin, not just striped fur.
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Bell Work 9/7 – 3 minutes Identify the following as true of a scientific
theory, a scientific law, neither, or both.1. State what happens without saying why or how2. May change as new info becomes available3. Explains how or why something happens4. Is an educated guess5. May be expressed in mathematical equation
6. T/F After being supported by many experiments, a theory may become a law.
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Bell Work 9/8 – 4 minutes1. Justin wants to design an experiment to see if
drinking orange juice before a test would improve his test scores. Identify his independent and dependent variable.
2. Define placebo.3. Define placebo effect.
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On Ze Quiz!
Define hypothesis Identify: hypothesis, independent n dependent
variable, control & experimental group, conclusion
List 6 steps of scientific method in order Tell difference between a law and a theory Define & give example of placebo effect
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Witch Experiment As you watch the following experiment, identify
the following. At least 3 pieces of information that suggest the
woman is a witch The problem The hypothesis The experiment The conclusion What flaws did you see?