use of high-power thyristor technology for short-circuit
TRANSCRIPT
s
Power Transmission and Distribution
Use of High-Power Thyristor Technology for Short-Circuit Current Limitation in High Voltage Systems
Advanced PowerTransmission Solutions
High Voltage
Power Transmission and Distribution
PTD H 1PD / Re 05-2004 SCCL V 8.0_XP 2
High Voltage
Development of Power Markets
Environmental Constraints
Increasing Power Demand
Strong Competition
Advanced Solutions are required
New Market Conditions
Use of Power ElectronicsNew Technologies
Power Transmission and Distribution
PTD H 1PD / Re 05-2004 SCCL V 8.0_XP 3
High Voltage
Trends in Power Systems
PrivatisationGlobalisation/Liberalisation
Deregulation - Privatisation: Opening of the markets, Independent Transmission Companies ITCs, Regional Transmission Organisations RTOs
PrivatisationBottlenecks inTransmission
Problem of uncontrolled Loop-FlowsOverloading & Excess of SCC LevelsSystem Instabilities/ Outages
PrivatisationInvestments inPower Systems
System Enhancement & Interconnections:Higher Voltage LevelsNew Transmission TechnologiesRenewable Energies
Power Transmission and Distribution
PTD H 1PD / Re 05-2004 SCCL V 8.0_XP 4
High Voltage
Transmission Systems in Deregulated Markets
There areThere are 3 typical Situations3 typical Situations in Power Systems:in Power Systems:
Meshed Systems:Meshed Systems: LoadLoad--Flow ProblemsFlow ProblemsWeak Systems:Weak Systems: Stability Problems Stability Problems Strong Systems:Strong Systems: High Fault CurrentsHigh Fault Currents
Grid Power Flow Controller
& B2B as GPFCThe Solutions:The Solutions: SCCL
Short-Circuit Current Limiter
Power Transmission and Distribution
PTD H 1PD / Re 05-2004 SCCL V 8.0_XP 5
High Voltage
Advanced Power Transmission Systems
Fault-Current Limiter
FCL FCL ––StatusStatustodaytoday
Power Transmission and Distribution
PTD H 1PD / Re 05-2004 SCCL V 8.0_XP 6
High Voltage
FCL – Principles and Applications
Basically, there are two types Faults Current Limiters:
Fault Current LimitationHigh-temperature Superconducting FCL
FACTS: The SCCL
Fault Current InterruptionIs-Limiter
Electronic Devices (“Small FACTS”)
Power Transmission and Distribution
PTD H 1PD / Re 05-2004 SCCL V 8.0_XP 7
High Voltage
Fault Current Limitation – an Overview
Possible Locations of Fault Current Limitation in the Systema) Operating Principle of different Devicesb) Application of FCL in the System
Power Transmission and Distribution
PTD H 1PD / Re 05-2004 SCCL V 8.0_XP 8
High Voltage
Innovations in FACTS Technology
From From FFSCSC toto
TPTPSSCCThyristor-Protected Series Compensation
Power Transmission and Distribution
PTD H 1PD / Re 05-2004 SCCL V 8.0_XP 9
High Voltage
Sensitive to environmental influences, specific
maintenance required
MOV Protected Thyristor Protected
From FSC to TPSC – the Development
Gap Protected
Long cool-down time
Fast cool-down time
Power Transmission and Distribution
PTD H 1PD / Re 05-2004 SCCL V 8.0_XP 10
High Voltage
Thyristor Protected Series Capacitor - TPSC
Long cool-down time of arrester in conventional series capacitor after fault or faults before bank re-insertionReplacement of spark gap and high energy absorption arresters by self-cooled direct-light triggered thyristor (LTT) valvesFast re-insertion of series capacitor due to extremely short cool-down time of LTT valve
to Lineto SubstationW Benefits of 90.000 US$* per
event on 1 line** due to faster availability of a TPSCe.g. reduction from 1200 MW to 600 MW with FSC/MOV *
* 25 US$/MWh x 600 MW x 6 hrs
** 270.000 US$, if all 3 Lines are involved
Power Transmission and Distribution
PTD H 1PD / Re 05-2004 SCCL V 8.0_XP 11
High Voltage
Benefits of TPSC: High Availability after Fault Clearing
Auto-ReclosureDead-Time
260°C
50°C
TPSCValveTemp.
Thyr. ValveBypass CB
LineBreaker
5 Cycles Fault Clearing Time
0.6 s after the 1st Fault the Valveis back in Pre-fault Condition
Time / s 1.1 1.3 1.50.90.70.5
Standard FSC with MOV requires up to 8 hours to cool down
Power Transmission and Distribution
PTD H 1PD / Re 05-2004 SCCL V 8.0_XP 12
High Voltage
LTT – Light Triggered Thyristors
LTT: Technical & Economical Advantages
80 % less Electronic ComponentsLess Electric Wiring & Fiber Optic CablesReduced Spare Parts RequirementsWafer-integrated Over-voltage Protection
Maximum Reliability & Availability - Benefits of LTT
Thyristor Valve with Direct-Light Triggering 100 mm Thyristors with integrated Break-over Protection
The safest Valve Technology
Power Transmission and Distribution
PTD H 1PD / Re 05-2004 SCCL V 8.0_XP 13
High Voltage
View on the LTT Thyristor Stack
The active portion of the valve becomes a straightforward assembly of thyristors, heat sinks, and cooling-water piping
Power Transmission and Distribution
PTD H 1PD / Re 05-2004 SCCL V 8.0_XP 14
High Voltage
Advanced Power Electronic Components
Direct Light-Triggered Thyristor (LTT)
80 % Less Electronic ComponentsFlame retardant Valves to UL standardsHigh Reliability
Thyristor
Module
Valve Group - Example Indoor for HVDC
Power Transmission and Distribution
PTD H 1PD / Re 05-2004 SCCL V 8.0_XP 15
High Voltage
Direct Light-Triggered Thyristor (LTT)
80 % Less Electronic ComponentsFlame retardant Valves to UL standardsHigh Reliability
Thyristor
Module
Valve Group - Example Outdoor for FACTS
Advanced Power Electronic Components
Power Transmission and Distribution
PTD H 1PD / Re 05-2004 SCCL V 8.0_XP 16
High Voltage
PLATFORM
7 8 7
1
3
26
1 series capacitor
2 thyristor valve as fast bypass - device
3 current limiting reactor
4 MOV
5 bypass circuit breaker
6 bypass damping reactor
7 platform disconnects with grounding switch
8 bypass disconnect
TPSC Single Line Diagram & Components
4
5
Power Transmission and Distribution
PTD H 1PD / Re 05-2004 SCCL V 8.0_XP 17
High Voltage
TPSC Vincent – On-Site Recordings: Line Fault Phase BC - June 18, 2002, Line Current in Phase A
Line breakeropen
Bypass switchclose-5000
-2500
0
2500
5000
480 500 520 540 560 580 600
time / msec
Am
ps
Line Curr. Ph A1 Valv.Curr. Ph A1
Line breakeropen
Bypass switchclosed
Power Transmission and Distribution
PTD H 1PD / Re 05-2004 SCCL V 8.0_XP 18
High Voltage
TPSC Vincent: Line Fault Phase BC - June 18, 2002Peak Valve current in Phase B
Line breakeropen
Bypass switchclose
-35000
-25000
-15000
-5000
5000
15000
25000
35000
480 500 520 540 560 580 600
time / msec
Am
ps
Line Curr. Ph B1 Valv.Curr. Ph B1
Line breakeropen
Bypass switchclosed
Power Transmission and Distribution
PTD H 1PD / Re 05-2004 SCCL V 8.0_XP 19
High Voltage
Measured Currents & Calculated Junction Temperature Rise: Valve Phase B; external Fault - no Bypass Breaker
-40000
-30000
-20000
-10000
0
10000
20000
0,48000 0,53000 0,58000
t [sec]
I [A
]
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
dTj [
K]
Power Transmission and Distribution
PTD H 1PD / Re 05-2004 SCCL V 8.0_XP 20
High Voltage
-20000
-10000
0
10000
0,48000 0,53000 0,58000
t [sec]
I [A
]
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Tvj [
°C]
Measured Currents & Calculated Junction Temperature Rise: Valve Phase C; external Fault - no Bypass Breaker
Power Transmission and Distribution
PTD H 1PD / Re 05-2004 SCCL V 8.0_XP 21
High Voltage
A closer Look into the TPSC-Fault Detection Strategy
Phase A – no Fault, no Action
Phase C – Staged Action
Power Transmission and Distribution
PTD H 1PD / Re 05-2004 SCCL V 8.0_XP 22
High Voltage
TPSC Vincent/USA: 3 TPSC Systems at 500 kV -fully proven in Practice
Outdoor Valves on a PlatformLTT Thyristors, self-cooled
TPSC Technology:
Power Transmission and Distribution
PTD H 1PD / Re 05-2004 SCCL V 8.0_XP 23
High Voltage
Innovations in FACTS Technology
From From TPSC TPSC toto
SCCLSCCL
Short-Circuit Current Limiter
Power Transmission and Distribution
PTD H 1PD / Re 05-2004 SCCL V 8.0_XP 24
High Voltage
SCCL - The New Solution
Bus 1
ACAC
Bus 2
SCCLSCCL
Impedance
X
Low Impedance for Best Load FlowFast Increase of Coupling Impedance
t
Power Transmission and Distribution
PTD H 1PD / Re 05-2004 SCCL V 8.0_XP 25
High Voltage
SCCL - An Innovative FACTS Device
Bus 1
ACAC
Bus 2
SCC LimitationSCC Limitation
Fast Short-Circuit Current Limitation - by means of High Power Thyristor
Impedance
X
Low Impedance for Best Load FlowFast Increase of Coupling Impedance
t
Power Transmission and Distribution
PTD H 1PD / Re 05-2004 SCCL V 8.0_XP 26
High Voltage
Excess of SCC-Levels due to System Expansion
Typical Situation in a Ring Network with high SCC
3 ~3 ~
Loads LoadsLoadsLoads
3 ~ 3 ~
Power Transmission and Distribution
PTD H 1PD / Re 05-2004 SCCL V 8.0_XP 27
High Voltage
Reduction of Short-Circuit Currents with SCCL
Typical Situation in a Ring Network with high SCC
3 ~3 ~
3 ~
Loads LoadsLoadsLoads
SCCLSCCL
Location(s) of SCCL depends on SourceImpedances
B2B as GPFCB2B as GPFC
SCCLSCCL
3 ~
Power Transmission and Distribution
PTD H 1PD / Re 05-2004 SCCL V 8.0_XP 28
High Voltage
Reduction of Short-Circuit Currents with SCCL
Typical Situation in a Meshed System with high SCC
3 ~ 3 ~
B2B as GPFCB2B as GPFC 500 kV500 kV
115 kV 115 kV
LoadsLoads
Existing Existing
3 ~
Expansion
3 ~
Expansion
SCCLSCCL
Alternatives
Power Transmission and Distribution
PTD H 1PD / Re 05-2004 SCCL V 8.0_XP 29
High Voltage
Verification of the Short-Circuit Current Limitation
3 ~ 3 ~
500 kV500 kV
115 kV 115 kV
3 ~
Loads
3 ~
Loads
Existing Existing
ExpansionExpansion
SCCLSCCL
Bus 1I1+2
I2I1
VS , ISBus 2
Power Transmission and Distribution
PTD H 1PD / Re 05-2004 SCCL V 8.0_XP 30
High Voltage
Voltages and Currents without SCCL
Bus 1
Bus 2
V1
I1
I2
I1+2
40 kA eff
80 kA eff
40 kA eff
Power Transmission and Distribution
PTD H 1PD / Re 05-2004 SCCL V 8.0_XP 31
High Voltage
Voltages and Currents with SCCL
Bus 1
SCCL
Bus 2
VS
IS
V1
I1
I2
I1+2
40 kA eff
50 kA eff
V2
10 kA eff
Power Transmission and Distribution
PTD H 1PD / Re 05-2004 SCCL V 8.0_XP 32
High Voltage
SCCL: Internal Signals
VCap
Icap
IByp
Power Transmission and Distribution
PTD H 1PD / Re 05-2004 SCCL V 8.0_XP 33
High Voltage
SCCL – Short-Circuit Current Limitation with FACTS
To Bus 2
Reactor
Thyristor Valve Housing
BYPASS Breaker
Capacitor Bank
To Bus 1
Communication SCCLSCCL
TPSCTPSC + ReactorReactor
Bus 1
ACAC
Bus 2
ImpedanceX
Zero Ohm for best Load Flow
Fast Increase of Coupling Impedance
t
Power Transmission and Distribution
PTD H 1PD / Re 05-2004 SCCL V 8.0_XP 34
High Voltage
SCCL - Side View and Dimensions (Example 110 kV)
9,7 m (32 feet)
ma
x. 7
m (
23
fe
et)
Power Transmission and Distribution
PTD H 1PD / Re 05-2004 SCCL V 8.0_XP 35
High Voltage
SCCL - TOP View and Dimensions
16 m (53 feet)
10
,5 m
(3
4 f
ee
t)
Power Transmission and Distribution
PTD H 1PD / Re 05-2004 SCCL V 8.0_XP 36
High Voltage
SCCL - Single Line Diagram
Power Transmission and Distribution
PTD H 1PD / Re 05-2004 SCCL V 8.0_XP 37
High Voltage
A unique A unique
FACTS FACTS
SolutionSolution
SCCL from Siemens - The Solution of the 21st Century
for for SSRSSR
& & PODPOD
with Dynamic with Dynamic
AddAdd--OnOn
Power Transmission and Distribution
PTD H 1PD / Re 05-2004 SCCL V 8.0_XP 38
High Voltage
First Add-On: Power Oscillation DampingWith POD Control: Fast & effective Damping
No POD Control: System close to Instability
Power Transmission and Distribution
PTD H 1PD / Re 05-2004 SCCL V 8.0_XP 39
High Voltage
SCCLSCCL
ApplicationsApplications
ConclusionsConclusions
SCCL from Siemens - The Solution of the 21st Century
Power Transmission and Distribution
PTD H 1PD / Re 05-2004 SCCL V 8.0_XP 40
High Voltage
SCCL - Examples of Applications
Bus 1 Bus 2
System designed for 3 Infeeds
Excess of allowed SCC LevelsExcess of allowed SCC Levels
115 kV
3 ~
Expansion
3 ~
Existing
3 ~
Existing
3 ~
Power Transmission and Distribution
PTD H 1PD / Re 05-2004 SCCL V 8.0_XP 41
High Voltage
SCCL - Examples of Applications
SCCLSCCL
Bus 1 Bus 2
SCC LimitationSCC Limitation
System now designed for 4 Infeeds
115 kV
Enables Connection of Enables Connection of additional Generation additional Generation on the 115 kV Systemon the 115 kV System
3 ~
Existing
3 ~
Existing
3 ~
3 ~
Expansion
Power Transmission and Distribution
PTD H 1PD / Re 05-2004 SCCL V 8.0_XP 42
High Voltage
SCCL versus Conventional Reactor
Only Current Limiting Reactor ?Only Current Limiting Reactor ?Voltage Drop - needs Compensation
SCCL SCCL -- The better Alternative:The better Alternative:No Risk of Voltage Collapse
Reactive Power remains balanced
No Impact on Grid Load Flow
Increase of First Swing Stability
Dynamic Add-Ons for SSR & Power Oscillation Damping
Mechanically or ThyristorSwitched Capacitor
Bus 1
ACAC
Bus 2
Bus 1 Bus 2
AC AC
Power Transmission and Distribution
PTD H 1PD / Re 05-2004 SCCL V 8.0_XP 43
High Voltage
SCCL - Designed for maximal Availability
Not with our Technology:Not with our Technology:High PowerHigh Power LTT ThyristorLTT Thyristor -- 110 kA peak,110 kA peak, self coolingself coolingProtection withProtection with WIN TDCWIN TDC -- aa standard standard in HVDC, FACTS and Drivesin HVDC, FACTS and DrivesMeasurements Measurements -- redundantredundant (optically powered)(optically powered) transducerstransducersno auxiliary power suppliesno auxiliary power supplies on the platform neededon the platform needed
Constraints on Electronic Breaker Solutions ?Constraints on Electronic Breaker Solutions ?
SCCL: designed for harsh Environment & Multiple Fault Contingencies
The Operation Principle:The Operation Principle:Fail safeFail safe -- thyristor will be shorted in case of malfunctionthyristor will be shorted in case of malfunctionBackup byBackup by waferwafer--integrated overintegrated over--voltage protectionvoltage protectionFast switch onFast switch on -- instead of delayed switch offinstead of delayed switch offRedundantRedundant number ofnumber of thyristorsthyristorsMinimal steady state lossesMinimal steady state losses (reactor)(reactor)Minimal MaintenanceMinimal Maintenance -- 10 h10 h per per annoanno (0.1 % ) (0.1 % )
Power Transmission and Distribution
PTD H 1PD / Re 05-2004 SCCL V 8.0_XP 44
High Voltage
SCCL - The new Solution for Power Systems
SCCL - to avoid an extremely cost-intensive complete Substation Upgrade
SCCL - The Principle is Current Limitation - not Interruption
Highlights of SCCL:Highlights of SCCL:One additional ReactorOne additional Reactor -- Replacing the Line ImpedanceReplacing the Line ImpedanceAs fast as As fast as the futurethe future HTS Fault Current LimiterHTS Fault Current LimiterNo Modification No Modification of existingof existing Protection SchemesProtection SchemesOperates onOperates on Single Phase BasisSingle Phase BasisDynamic AddDynamic Add--on available on available -- for SSR and Power Oscillationfor SSR and Power Oscillation
Benefits
Power Transmission and Distribution
PTD H 1PD / Re 05-2004 SCCL V 8.0_XP 45
High Voltage
Lessons learned:HVDC and FACTS are essential for Transmission
Power Transmission and Distribution
PTD H 1PD / Re 05-2004 SCCL V 8.0_XP 46
High Voltage
Need for Advanced Transmission Solutions
This is This is unavoidableunavoidable ... but ... but HVDC & FACTS HVDC & FACTS can support can support RecoveryRecovery
ReductionReductionof Outageof OutageTimes &Times &moremore StabilityStability
BlackoutBlackoutIncreasing Increasing
OscillationsOscillations
If there is no If there is no HVDCHVDC,, no no FACTS FACTS ......
Power Transmission and Distribution
PTD H 1PD / Re 05-2004 SCCL V 8.0_XP 47
High Voltage
Intelligent Solutions for Power Transmission
with HVDC & with HVDC &
FACTS from FACTS from
SiemensSiemens
Thank You for your Attention!