U.S. History Warmup• If your parent signed your syllabus,

prepare to submit it. Then, get out 1-subject notebook and copy down the date and writing prompt exactly as shown below. Write your response under the prompt.

8-17-2011

What caused the United States to erupt into civil war in 1861?

Write your answer here, under the prompt.

Warm Up• P. 47 - #1 & 2• What role did the issue of slavery

play in the Civil War?

Compromise of 1850• Copy the table and answer the following ?’s

- What is popular sovereignty?- You are a Southerner. Explain your feelings about the

compromise.

Provisions of the Compromise of 18501. California enters the Union as a free state2. Territory acquired from Mexico will use popular sovereignty to determine its status as slave or free3. Slave trading, but not slavery, ends in Washington, D.C.4. Congress agrees to pass a strict runaway slave law.5. Texas relinquishes its claim to New Mexico in exchange for $10 million

“We are now far into the fifth year, since a policy was initiated, with the avowed object, and confident promise, of putting an end to slavery agitation. Under the operation of that policy, that agitation has not only, not ceased, but has constantly augmented. In my opinion, it will not cease, until a crisis shall have been reached, and passed. ‘A house divided against itself cannot stand.’ I believe this government cannot endure, permanently half slave and half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved – I do not expect the house to fall – but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing, or all the other.”

- Abraham Lincoln, 1858 1. What is the policy that he is referring to? 2. What is the house that he is referring to? 3. Did he correctly predict the fate of the ‘house’? Explain

pp. 74-75: read the info about the election on p. 74. Use that info to analyze the cartoon and answer questions 1 & 2 on p. 75.

Read “Lincoln Wins the Election” on p. 74.- What are two reasons why Lincoln did not

receive a single southern electoral vote?

Election of 1860

P. 79, #4 & 5 Warm Up

The Path to Civil War

Colonies of Great Britain (why?) (1700s) Enlightenment

- Natural rights - Locke Taxation without representation

- Pay for French & Indian War (1763)

Resistance – Boston Tea Party (1775) Lexington & Concord (1776) Declaration of Independence (1783) Revolutionary War victory (‘87-’91) Constitution written/adopted

Inception to Independence

Constitution – strong or weak? - New Jersey Plan v. Virginia Plan: representation issue

- Great Compromise- Three-fifths clause

- Federalism: good or bad?- Took away some of states’ independence

- Separation of powers: limits abuses like GB

Doomed to fail?

Video Clip – Path to War Overview

Economic differences - North

- Industrial (why?) -> immigrant workers -> cities - Greater population = more representation

- South - Agricultural, slave labor

- Greater demand for slaves & land after 1793 (why?)Result = differing views on slavery

Path to Civil War - Sectionalism

Tariffs & nullification crisis - Tariff: tax on outside goods (purpose?) - North favors (why?), south opposes - 1828: Jackson passes “Tariff of Abominations” - VP Calhoun resigns, tells fellow SC’s to nullify

- States’ rights debate (Federalism) - Problem: Who is interpreting?

- i.e. Parents making you eat healthy - Pres. Jackson threatens force, Congress reduces the

tariff before conflict

Path to Civil War - Sectionalism

Social Changes- Great Awakening: social reforms for “perfect society”

- i.e. public education, no alcohol, no slavery, etc. Support for Abolition

- Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852)- Dred Scott vs. Sandford (1857)

- Supreme Court: “slaves aren’t citizens”- Angers many white northerners

- John Brown- Militant abolitionist- More on him later…

Path to Civil War - Abolition

William Lloyd Garrison’s Abolitionist paper

George Whitefield

Opposition to Abolition - Southerners argue… - Necessary for economy of both North (?) & South

- Slaves are better than wage labor (why?)- Northerners argue…

- Free blacks job competition - Cotton supply would dwindle

Path to Civil War – Anti-Abolition

Westward Expansion - 1803: Louisiana purchase “Manifest Destiny” - Problem: slave state vs. free state?

- Issue: congressional representation- Missouri Compromise (1820)

- Missouri (slave), Maine (free): 36th parallel - Case Study: Texas - 1836: gains independence from Mexico - Seeks to be annexed by the U.S. - 1845: enters as a slave state, evens the balance

Path to Civil War - Expansion

Westward Expansion, Continued

- Case Study: California- 1848: Treaty of Guadeloupe Hidalgo- 1849: Gold rush population boom

- Seeks entry as a free state (why?), but would upset the balance (15 free, 15 slave)

- Compromise of 1850- CA can be free- All new states from the territory would decide by popular sovereignty

- Ends MO Compromise (why?)- In return, Southerners get Fugitive Slave Act

- Everyone has to help capture runaways

Path to Civil War - Expansion

The Trail of Tears- 1829: gold discovered on Cherokee lands- 1838: Jackson passes Indian Removal Act to appease South

- 15,000 Cherokee -> 1,000 mi. forced march- 4,000+ died on the journey

Caught in the Middle…

Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)- Neb. divided, pop. sovereignty decides slave status- Proslavery “bushwackers” & Antislavery “jayhawkers”

- 2 separate capitals est.

“Bleeding Kansas”

Bleeding Kansas

4) (1859) Harper’s Ferry Incident

Sectionalism: divisions based on…- Economic & cultural differences

Tariffs (esp. “T. of Abominations” in 1828) Expansion of Slavery

- Missouri, Texas, California, Kansas Failed/Weak Compromises

- Missouri Compromise (1820)- Compromise of 1850- Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)

Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852) Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) John Brown – Harpers Ferry (1859)

Overview – Causes of the Civil War

Election Platform?- Slavery

Candidates: (p. 73)

- Abraham Lincoln (Republican)- Position: leave slavery where it is

- Stephen Douglas (Northern Democrat)- Position: popular sovereignty decides slavery issue

- John Bell (Constitutional Unionist)- Position: support slavery & save the Union

- John C. Breckinridge (Southern Democrat)- Position: gov’t should protect slavery

Election of 1860

Abraham Lincoln wins:- No states in the South- Demonstrated a fractured nation even though:

- Lincoln would allow slavery where it was- Had no tolerance for secession- See Inaugural Address on p. 78

Southern states disconcerted by electoral imbalance- Lack of representation

Election Results

Dec. 20, 1860: S. Carolina secedes from the Union- Felt Lincoln was “hostile to slavery”

Followed by: GA, AL, FL, MS, LA, & TX- Common connection?

Secession like the Revolution: how?- Lack of representation, trampling of rights

Formed the Confederate States of America- 1. States’ rights, 2. Protected slavery, 3. Banned tariffs- Elected Jefferson Davis president

Secession

“ In your hands, my dissatisfied countrymen, and not in mine is the momentous issue of civil war. The government will not assail you. You can have no conflict without yourselves being the aggressors…We must not be enemies. Though passion may have strained, it must not break our bonds of affection.”

- Lincoln’s 1st Inaugural Address

Confederacy seizes military bases- Hadn’t seized Ft. Sumter yet- April, 1861: Ft. Sumter needs supplies

- Lincoln announces supply run- Jefferson Davis demands surrender before ship’s arrival

- April 12: refusal to surrender leads to bombing- April 13: 33 hrs. later, Ft. Sumter surrenders

Upper South secedes- Lincoln calls for 75,000 military volunteers- Upper South: secede or fight fellow Southerners?

- VA, AR, NC, & TN join the Confederacy

Civil War Begins: Fort Sumter