u.s. history pre- revolution

U.S. HISTORY

PRE- REVOLUTION

NAME: ____________________

PERIOD:___________________

DUE DATE: _________________ ⬜ I know how the French and Indian War led to start of the Revolutionary War

⬜ I know the major events/acts that led up to the Revolutionary War and can identify with how the colonists felt

⬜ I know what Propaganda is and can identify patriot and loyalists perspectives leading up to the Revolutionary War

Declaration of Independence

Please memorize this phrase…there will be a written test on it.

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.

The French and Indian War Notes What was the French and Indian War also known as?________________________________________________ What were the years of the War?_______________________________________________________ Why was the French and Indian War called the Seven Years War in Europe?__________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Background: What’s Going on in America?

Native American: Should I side with the British or the French? Circle one: British French Why?_____________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Why did the French get along with the Natives better than the English?________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________

George Washington: What were the 4 occupations that Washington had in his life?______________________,_______________________ ______________________,__________________________. Who did he marry?____________________________

Conflict: British and French both claimed _____________________ _________________ ______________________ During the Spring of ___________, Washington is sent back to the _____________ ______________ ___________________ to build a _____________________________. Found the ____________________already built fort Duquesne. Present day ________________________PA. British build fort Necessity near by. Washington __________________a _____________________scouting party! British were soon __________________________and forced to ________________________. They returned to Virginia. Washington _________________________an ____________________account of his experience in the ______________ Country and he became a _____________________for making the first ___________________________on the French.

Who was fighting who?

Great Britain France• Fur Traders/Trappers •• Farms/Plantations • _________population(______Million) • Allies with the Iroquois Confederacy

• ______________/Trappers • Often _____________Native American • and followed their _____________ • Small population • Generally _____________better relations

with the Native Americans

• Draw the flags of the 2 allies • Draw the flags for the 2 allies

The Albany Plan Who created the Albany Plan? __________________________________________What did he want to do with the colonies?_____________________________ ______Why?_______________________________________________. The plan was __________________________________. Provided a model for ________________ _______________. What Message does this image send?_________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Early Battles: The French were greatly outnumbered but ___________key ___________ Most impressive win came on July 9 _________________ when __________ French and Native Americans ____________________a force of nearly ______________________British troops and ___________________militia. British General Edward ________________________________killed in battle. Who was Braddock’s aide that organized the retreat after Braddock was killed___________________________. How many horses were shot from underneath Washington?______ How many bullet holes were found in Washington’s coat after the battle? ______.

Fighting Techniques: How did the British fight?______________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ How did the Native Americans and French fight?___________________________________________________________

War is Declared: Britain finally declared ________________with __________________in__________________. Britain allied with _________________________, who fought France and its allies in_________________________ while Britain fought the _________________________in _______________________________America. Several British Forts were captured by the ________________________and many frontier farms of _________________were attacked. William Pitt becomes the __________________________of________________________. He selects skilled

commanders to lead British troops such as Jeffery Amherst and James Wolfe. William Pitt: Convinces _____________________ to raise ___________________and _________________huge sums of ________________________to fight war. More British troops begin to arrive to __________________against the ________________________. This turns the tide of the ________________in ______________________. British

captured _____________________, Fort _________________, and Fort_______________________. The British Win the war: __________________________fell after a long siege. Treaty of _____________________(1763) ended the war. War strained relationship between ____________ and _______________________. British said______________________________________________________________ Colonists said_______________________________________________________________________________________

Treaty of Paris: Treaty of ____________1763 ends the ______________. France gives all territory in ___________________to _________________ ____________________. Spain gives ________________________to Britain in exchange for all territory ________________of the__________________ River. Proclamation of ___________ prevents colonists from expanding ____________ of the ________________________ _______.

Pontiac’s Rebellion: British raised ____________of their goods and refused to pay Native Americans for using their ______________. Pontiac, chief of the _______________, put together an alliance and_________________________the fort in Detroit. Took other ___________________posts in the

__________________ _________________region. Also attacked settlers in Pennsylvania and Virginia. Known as Pontiac’s war it ended in 1765 when_____________ Defeated Pontiac’s allies. Pontiac signed _____________treaty. King _____________III created the _______________of 1763 to avoid further ___________________ __________. Revolutionary stage: How did the French and Indian war set the stage for the Revolutionary War?___________________________________________________________________

Student Worksheet:Surrender at FortNecessity

Part A:

According to the articles of capitulation, the surrender of the British troops accomplished two goals for the french. What were they?

1___________________________________________________________________________________________

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2____________________________________________________________________________________________

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What were the british allowed to take with them when they left fort necessity?

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Based on the information in the agreement, imagine the scene of the British leaving the fort. Briefly describe what you think may have happened when they left and immediately afterwards.

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What were the british required to do with the french prisoners of war they had taken?

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Describe the tone of this document. does it sound hostile? friendly? angry? peaceful? explain why you think it was written in this way.

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What skill would have made Washington more aware of what he had signed?

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Part B In this passage, George Washington describes the battle that occurred between the french and the british on july 3, 1754, and which led to the british surrender. according to Washington, in what manner did the french approach the british encampment?

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What did the french soldiers do when the british returned their fire?

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What made the battle conditions worse?

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What were the two reasons the british finally agreed to surrender?

1____________________________________________________________________________________________

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2____________________________________________________________________________________________

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Given the situation, and knowing that the french and their american indian allies surrounded fort necessity, do you think Washington made the right decision in surrendering? Why or why not?

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Hero Story of the French and Indian WarFort Duquesne and the Battle of QuebecTwo major military campaigns took place during the French and Indian War. The first was the unsuccessful English attack on French forces at Fort Duquesne in the Ohio Valley. The English defeat at Fort Duquesne was typical of how badly things went for the English during the early years of the war. The second campaign ended with the Battle of Quebec in which English troops won a great victory in the deciding battle of the war. Information about the attack on Fort Duquesne and the Battle of Quebec is given below. Use the information to help you write a story about the French and Indian War. Pretend that you were an American soldier who was on the losing English side at Fort Duquesne, and later on the victorious English side at Quebec. Write your story in such a way that it shows you to be a war hero. Mention at least two brave or heroic things that you did during the defeat at Fort Duquesne and during the victory at Quebec. Although you are making up a hero's story, be sure that you include the facts given in the notes below. But do not copy the notes word for word. Use the facts, but present them in your own way. A few "heroes" will have a chance to read their stories to the class.

The Unsuccessful English Attack on Fort Duquesne

▪ Fort Duquesne, located in western Pennsylvania, was one of many French forts in the Ohio Valley▪ Battle took place July 9, 1755▪ English army was led by General Edward Braddock▪ English army included 1,750 British regulars and 450 colonial militia▪ General Braddock marched his army through the wilderness toward Fort Duquesne; red British uniforms were

easy to see in the forest; some soldiers carried flags, while others played music as the army marched along▪ French army commanded by Captain Beaujeau▪ French army, which included Indians, numbered less than 1.000 men

▪General Braddock and English army believed the correct way to fight a battle was to position themselves in an open area▪French and Indians hid behind trees▪French made a surprise attack on English ten miles from Fort Duquesne▪Most of British regulars were wiped out; Braddock had four horses shot fro under him before he was killed ▪More English bullets hit trees than hit French and Indians▪23-year-old George Washington led the colonial militia on a retreat to safety; Washington was not wounded, but had two horses shot from under him; four bullets went through his coat.

The English Victory at the Battle of Quebec▪ After the fighting at Fort Duquesne, William Pitt became the leader of the English government; because of this

determination to win the war, more troops and younger and better commanders were sent into battle; more money was spent on guns and ammunition

▪ English won many battles leading up to their attack on Quebec, a French city along the St. Lawrence River▪ English army, commanded by General James Wolfe, approached Quebec which was defended by French army

under General Louis Montcalm▪ English surrounded Quebec, but could not directly attack city, which was located on a high cliff▪ Finally, on the night of September 12-13, 1759, the English found a path leading to the cliffs; English army secretly

climbed to the top during night▪ French awoke to find enemy positioned on the Plains of Abraham outside the city▪ The English then defeated the French in the Battle of Quebec; both General Wolfe and General Montcalm were

killed; in the battle, the French fired too quickly at the English, who held their fire until drawing closer to the French; the English then fired, reloaded, fired again, and then charged with bayonet and sword; after 15 minutes of fighting, the French retreated in a hasty, disorganized manner; the French surrendered the city of Quebec five days later.

Write your hero story on this page: Be sure to include at least 15 facts from the previous page.Underline the facts in your story. Remember this is a historical fiction- you were there and you were a hero!

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The Boston Massacre

What happened at the Boston Massacre?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ What symbolism do you see in this picture of the Boston Massacre? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ What inaccuracies do you see in this depiction of the Boston Massacre? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Name:__________________________________________________________________Period:_______________

Boston Bloody Boston Movie Comprehension Questions 1. What was the Stamp Act of 1765?

2. What did the tax mean for the colonies?

3. What did the tax represent to the colonists?

4. What started the American Revolution?

5. Is any one incident or any one person responsible for stirring the cause for war?

6. Who was Patrick Henry?

7. What was his most famous quote that is still widely recited today?

8. What was Benjamin Franklin’s diplomatic role in the years leading up to the Revolutionary War?

9. Was Franklin effective?

10.Was he fully supportive of the colonial cause or was he overly receptive to King George III’s thoughts and orders?

11.What was the Continental Congress?

12.What was its role in governing the colonies?

13.Did it help unite the colonies or only perpetuate strife between the colonial states?

14.At the end of this documentary, would you predict that the Patriots would be victorious in the quest for independence?

15.Why or why not?

Propaganda Poster Define the following terms:

Propaganda:

Loyalist:

Patriot:

You will create your own propaganda poster to either convince colonists to join the Patriots or Loyalists. Think of examples we have looked at--- what influenced you the most? What colors are most effective to send the message you want the viewer to get? What symbols can you use instead of words? The propaganda poster needs to be creative and show your knowledge of the events in this critical period of time. It needs something that will make the viewer want to join your cause.

Be creative with this assignment. If you have artistic ability (drawing, painting, ect. then use that ability to create a poster) We will have at day in the computer lab to assist you in creating your Propaganda Poster. You must prepare for this though. You should to this at home by preparing by creating a project folder with images that you would like to use in your propaganda poster. Put the images in a folder titled Propaganda Poster on your flashdrive. If you are absent and unable to use photoshop to create your propaganda poster then you need to do it by hand or at home on your own device. Remember to it must be in color. (if you create this on the computer, you should use color pencils or markers to make it color)

QR Code Summaries Please summarize the following events:

Proclamation line of 1763:

Writs of Assistance:

Sugar Act:

Stamp Act:

Townshend Acts:

Tea Act:

Declarory Act:

Intolerable Acts:

Which Act would you oppose the most and why?

Comic Strip Make a comic strip of 3 of the acts. Be creative! Maybe include how you might oppose/boycott the acts.

A Series of Unfortunate Events

Fold paper in half and glue the back to this spot. When you open the paper you should be able to read about the event.

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Colored drawing representing the event: Fold paper in half and glue

the back to this spot. When you open the paper you should be able to read about the event.

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Colored drawing representing the event:


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Cut on the black solid lines and re arrange the boxes in chronological order. Glue them to the page A Series of Unfortunate Events.

Proclamation Line (1763): colonists could not settle west of the Appalachian Mountains. Allowed British to control westward movement (not colonists) and keep it orderly. Conflict with Native Americans was avoided. Protected fur trade (lots of money). Sent 10,000 troops to make sure no one moved west. Colonists feared the troops would be used to limit their liberties in other ways. Proclamation Line was a limit on their freedom. Distrust arose between colonists and British.

In 1763 George Grenville became prime minister, and he wanted to help reduce Britain’s debt from the French and Indian War by stopping smuggling by the colonists. The smugglers would avoid paying taxes, and so Britain lost money; often smugglers were found innocent in colonial courts. He had Parliament pass a law that allowed smugglers to be sent to British courts run by officers (no juries). Also allowed writs of assistance, making it legal for customs officers to enter any place to look for smuggled goods. Colonists believed their rights as Englishmen were being violated. Had a right to be secure in their home, have trial by jury, and violated “innocent until proven guilty”

Sugar Act (1764): lowered the tax on molasses (sugar) imported by the colonists. Hoped this lower tax would convince colonists to pay the tax rather than smuggle. Also allowed officers to seize smuggled goods without going to court. James Otis, a colonial lawyer, said, “no parts of England’s colonies can be taxed without their consent…every part has a right to be represented.”

Stamp Act (1765): tax on almost all printed material in the colonies – newspapers, pamphlets, wills, and playing cards. The printed materials had to have a stamp, which you got by paying a tax to British officials.

Declaratory Act (1766): Repealed the Stamp Act, but said that Parliament had the right to tax and make all decisions for the colonies.

Townshend Acts (1767): did not tax anything inside the colony (internal taxes), but taxed imported goods (paid at port of entry). Glass, tea, paper, and lead were taxed – had to be imported because colonists didn’t produce those goods.

In the spring of 1768, British officials seized the Liberty, a ship that belonged to John Hancock (merchant and protest leader). Charged Hancock with smuggling. Angry townspeople filled the streets of Boston and shouted against Parliament. Worried officers sent word to Britain that the colonists were on the brink of rebellion because of this and other protests. Britain responded by sending 2 regiments of troops to Boston; set up camp right in the center of the city. Colonists felt like now, after all the laws that violated colonial rights, Britain had sent an army to occupy their cities. Soldiers acted rudely and sometimes violently towards colonists. Stole from shops or fought with colonists.

Continental Congress: September 1774, 55 men met in Philadelphia. They were delegates from all colonies except for Georgia. They came together to form a political body (stronger and more powerful than individual assemblies, because it represented them all) to represent American interests and challenge British control. Statement of Grievances: called for a repeal of 13 acts of Parliament passed since 1763; declared that these violated the colonists’ rights as British citizens, as well as their rights outlined in their charters. Voted to boycott all British goods and trade (can’t bring them in or buy them, and no colonial goods sent to Britain) Suffolk Resolves: prepared by Bostonians, and called on people to arm themselves against the British. Endorsed by Continental Congress. Began forming militias (groups of citizens who form an army).

Boston Tea Party: British East India Company faced ruin, so Parliament passed the Tea Act of 1773. The company could now ship tea to the colonies without paying most of the taxes placed on everyone else’s tea. The company could bypass local merchants and sell directly to the shopkeepers at a low price. East India Company tea was cheapest and gave them an advantage over colonial merchants. Colonists saw this as another attempt to undermine colonial liberty; British monopoly. Boston colonists vowed to stop the ships from unloading and the Daughters of Liberty said they would “part with their tea” rather than their liberty. Ships sent were turned back in New York and Philadelphia. In Charles Town the tea was seized and put in a warehouse. 3 ships arrived in Boston in 1773. The royal governor (house destroyed by Stamp Act protestors) refused to allow the ships to turn back and demanded they be unloaded. In Boston Adams and Sons of Liberty disguised themselves as Mohawks (Dec 16) and boarded the ships late at night. They threw 342 chests of tea overboard. Colonists everywhere celebrated the bravery, but still thought of themselves as British citizens – just dissatisfied.

Coercive Acts (1774): King George III closed Boston Harbor until tea was paid for – no other supplies or food could come in by ship Banned town meetings – important form of self-government in Massachusetts. Royal officers could be tried in other colonies or in Britain if accused of crimes – gave soldiers a “Get out of jail free card” Forced to shelter soldiers in their own homes. Other colonies sent food and clothing to demonstrate support for Boston (British wanted to isolate them). Violated rights as English citizens (no quartering troops in homes and no army in peacetime without consent)

Quebec Act (1774): permanent government for Quebec and granted religious freedom to French Catholics. Quebec was given land west of Appalachian Mountains and north of Ohio River. Colonists called this part of the Intolerable Acts.

The Boston Massacre: March 5, 1770. Tension rose until finally a fight broke out between the townspeople and the soldiers. Townspeople grabbed sticks, stones, shovels, and clubs, and pushed towards the tax house. The sentry on duty panicked when he saw the armed crowd and called for backup. Crowd through stones, snowballs, oyster shells, and wood. One soldier was knocked down, and so the other confused soldiers fired into the crowd and killed 5 colonists (Crispus Attucks).

Chapter 5 Road to Independence Vocab Activity Look up the definition of the vocabulary words in your textbook. Put the definition in your own words.

1. Revenue: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Writs of Assistance: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Resolution: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Effigy ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Boycott ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Nonimportation ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. Repeal ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

8. Propaganda ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

9. Sons of Liberty ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

10. Committee of Correspondence ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

11. Daughters of Liberty ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

12. Militia ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

13. Minutemen ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

14. Loyalist ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

15. Patriot ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

16. Petition ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

17. Preamble __________________________________________________________________________________________________

u.s. history pre- revolution

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