US HISTORY

MIDTERM EXAM REVIEW

December 2012

The 1850sA Decade of Crisis

3.4

Causes of the Civil War

Causes of the

Civil War

Struggle over Slavery & Abolition

Sharp Economic, Political &

Social Differences

b/w North & South

Poor Political Leadership

Breakdown of Democracy

Failure to Compromise

Short Term Causes of the WarDescription / Key Details How it Contributed to the Civil

WarCompromise

of 1850

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Cannibal’s All!

Kansas – Nebraska Act

(1854)

The Dred Scott Case

Short Term Causes of the WarDescription / Key Details How it Contributed to the

Civil WarBleeding Kansas

Bleeding Sumner

John Brown’s Raid @ Harpers Ferry, VA

(1959)

Presidential Election of 1860

Attack @ Ft. Sumter, SC

(1861)

The Emerging Sectional Crisis

South & North Compared in 1860

The Civil War 1861-18651 2

3 4 5

6 7

8

9

10 11

12

13

14

EclipseCrossword.com

Across1. Grant's victory here allowed the North to split the Confederacy in half4. New National Currency Issued by the US Government during the war6. Lincoln's 1863 Proclamation offered this to All Slaves under Confederate Control (but not in the Border States)8. Confederate President & Later Union Prisoner10. Historic PA Battle Site & Site of Famous Lincoln Speech12. 1st major battle of the Civil War13. Confederate General Who Surrendered to Grant at Appomattox VA14. The single greatest cause of death during

the war

Down2. Union General Who "Made Georgia Howl" While on his Military Campaign of Georgia and South Carolina3. Legal Writs & Protection Against Unlawful Imprisonment; Lincoln Suspended these for 1000s of Americans during the war5. Style of Warfare; No Difference between the enemies' army and the people that support it; "Kill 'Em All & Let God Sort 'Em Out"7. Constitutional Amendment that Abolished Slavery9. Property - including slaves - seized by the Union army during the war11. 20 Years

Union & confederate strengths & weaknesses

Socrative Quiz

End of the War

Lincoln Selects Grant & Sherman

1863 Union

Victories

Confront the

Enemy / Total War

Sherman’s March to the Sea

Make Georgia Howl!

Lincoln Reelection

in 1864

Key Consequences of the War

• Union is Preserved!

• Slavery is Abolished!

• Over 600,000 KIA

• Southern Farms, Cities, Infrastructure

in Ruin

PRESIDENTIAL RECONSTRUCTION

Lincoln’s Plan Johnson’s Plan

What Freedom Meant to African Americans

Freedom of Travel

Chance to Own Land

Freedom of Worship

New Educational

Opportunities

Ability to form Organizations /

Political Groups

The Black Codes

Selling a Freeman to Pay His Fine at Monticello, Florida

This 1867 drawing from a northern magazine equates the black codes with the reinstitution of slavery. The laws stopped short of re-enslavement, but they did sharply restrict blacks’ freedom. In Florida, as in other southern states, certain acts, such as breaking a labor contract, were made criminal offenses, the penalty for which could be involuntary plantation labor for a year.

“Worse Than Slavery”

Thomas Nast,

Harper’s Weekly,

1877

Major Reconstruction Legislation

DATE LEGISLATION PURPOSE

1865 Freedman’s Bureau • Provides services for newly freed people • Improve Education in the South

1865 13th Amendment • Abolishes Slavery

1866 Civil Rights Act • Outlaws the black codes

1867 Reconstruction Acts • Establishes Republican Reconstruction program• Puts South Under Martial Law

1868 14th Amendment • Defines citizenship to include African Americans• Guarantees equal protection under law

1870 15th Amendment • Guarantees voting rights to all male citizens

The End of Reconstruction

• Controversy surrounding the Election of 1876

• The Compromise of 1877

Voting Restrictions in the South

• Poll Taxes

• Literacy Tests

• Property Qualifications

• Grandfather Clause

• Gerrymandering

• All White Primaries

Contrasting Views of Reconstruction:President and Congress

Successes & Failures of Reconstruction

• Union is Restored• South’s Economy

Grows/Diversifies• 14th & 15th

Amendments• Freedman’s

Bureaus• Improved Public

Education

• Legacy of Southern bitterness

• South is slow to Industrialize

• Black Codes / KKK Persist in the South

• Southerner cycle of poverty / debt

• South: De jure Discrimination persists

• North: De facto discrimination grows

Looking to the West1860-1900

Chapter 7

LOOKING TO THE WEST

1860-1900

Chapter 14

Westward Migration

PUSH FACTORS• Displaced New England Farmers• Soaring Land Prices & Taxes• Black Codes & Jim Crow• Legal Troubles

PULL FACTORS• Federal Laws

• Jobs• Land Fever

• Wide Open Spaces• Law & Order

• Easy Transportation• Mineral Wealth

Settlement of the West

Settlement of the West

Plains Indians

Western Indians

Descendants of the Spanish & Mexicans

Mormons

• Sioux• Comanche

• Nez Perce• Shoshoni

Horse Culture of the American West

Horse Introduced by

Spanish in 1500s

Native Americans

became more Nomadic &

Warlike

Allowed Plains Indians

to Hunt Bison / Buffalo

Men Dominated Religious & Military of

Life

Created bitter Enemies

among Native Americans

“Cowboys & Indians”

Key Factors Resulting in Conquest of Native Americans in the West

• Reservation Policy

• Indians surrendered ancestral lands

• Misunderstanding of Treaties

• Language / Cultural Conflict

• Intertribal Conflict

• Disease

• Increased Hunting / Cattle Grazing

• Impact of the Railroad

The Expansion of American Industry

Chapter 6

Cover Slide

A TECHNOLOGICAL REVOLUTIONINVENTION /

IDEAINVENTOR / DEVELOPER

BENEFIT(S) DOWNSIDES

Oil Well, Drill & Pump

Electric Power & Light Bulb

Alternating Current &

Transformers

Telegraphy

Telephone

Bessemer Process

Business Tactics of the Late 1800s

Vertical Consolidation

Horizontal Consolidation

Trusts

Cartels

Interlocking Directorates

Pools

Late 19th Century Industrialists:

Robber Barons

or

Captains of Industry?

The Impact of Big BusinessPositive Effects

• Factories produce a wide variety of goods for consumers to choose from.

• Many new jobs are created.

• Wealthy industrialists fund charities, libraries, and universities.

Negative Effects• Workers face low

wages and poor working conditions.

• Monopolies keep prices high, and drive small companies out of business.

• Periods of expanding prosperity are often followed by economic hard times.