U.S. History I

Chapter 51865-1914

Immigration and UrbanizationBackground: Immigrant Family

Right: “Deported Pen” Ellis Island

U.S. History I

Chapter 5 Section 1

“The New Immigrants”

2.3, 3.7, 9.3, 9.4Top Left: Immigrant “test”, Sikh Immigrants from India,

Angel Island Poster, and Chinese Exclusion

Cartoon

Immigrants Decide to Leave Home

Why did Europeans come to the U.S.?Push Factors

Farm poverty and worker uncertaintyWars and conscriptionPolitical tyrannyReligious oppression

Pull FactorsPlenty of land and work (Homestead Act 1862)Higher standard of livingDemocratic political systemOpportunity for social advancement

The Immigrant Experience• Steerage: the cheapest and basic way to travel

on a steamship• Arrived at Ellis Island

– K= hernia– X= mental disabilities– H= heart problems– Sc= scalp problems

• “Old” Immigrants: Northern & Western Europe: Pre- Irish/German

• “New” Immigrants: Southern & Eastern Europe- Catholic/Jewish

• “Chain” Immigrants: Family of original immigrant

Angel Island

• Chinese Immigrants– Taiping Rebellion– Central Pacific Railroad

• Japanese Immigrants– Economic hardships

• Over 200,000 Chinese and Japanese immigrants arrived on the West Coast during the late 1800s

Resurgence of Nativism– Nativism: extreme dislike for immigrants by native-

born people and a desire to limit immigration

• Prejudice Against Newcomers– Prejudice: an adverse judgment or opinion formed

beforehand without knowledge of the facts; an irrational suspicion or hatred of a particular group, race or religion

– Discrimination: Treatment or consideration based on class or category rather than individual merit; partiality or prejudice

– American Protective Association• Henry Bowers

– Anti-Catholic & Foreigners – Wanted to stop all immigration

The Immigration Debate

• “They would close to the newcomer the bridge that carried them and their fathers over”

• Americanization: Programs aimed at turning immigrants into “Americans”

• Assimilation: To blend into society• Melting Pot: Many cultures combine to form

one distinct “American” culture• Impact on the Anti-Immigrant Movement

– Workingman’s Party of California• Dennis Kearney

– Fighting Chinese immigration

– Chinese Exclusion Act: 1882• Barred Chinese immigration for 10 years• Barred Chinese immigrants already in the country from

becoming citizens• Even after Chinese protests became a permanent act in

1902• Act was repealed in 1943

U.S. History I(Five Points and NYC)

Chapter 5 Section 2“Cities Expand and Change”

2.2, 2.3, 3.7, 9.3http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/five-points.htm

Section 2: Urbanization• Americans Migrate to the Cities: • Rural to Urban Migrants: Urbanization• Immigrants• The New Urban Environment• Frederick Law Olmsted- Central Park: N.Y.C.

– Skyscrapers- 10 Stories and up: Home Insurance Building: Chicago

• Louis Sullivan– Mass Transit: Carry Many People

• Elisha Otis: Safety Elevator Inventor

• Separation by Class– High Society– Middle-Class Gentility: “Streetcar” Suburbs-

Cleaner ‘perimeter’ of city – The Working Class

• Tenements : Low-cost multi-family housing– Average annual income $445.00

Frederick Law Olmstead

• Designed Central Park in NYC

City Problems

• Pollution/Sanitation• Crime• Racial Tension• “classism”• Political Corruption• Fire: 1871: Great Chicago Fire 100,000

People left homeless• (top right: immigrant children living in

poverty)

The “Great” Chicago Fire: 1871

• 200-300 Killed• 100,000 Left homeless

U.S. History

Chapter 5 Section 3“Social and Cultural Trends”

“2.2,3.6,9.3”“Uncle Sam is a Man of Strong

Features” (Top Left)“The Melting Pot” (Top Right)

The Gilded Age

• A Changing Culture• Gilded Age

–Mark Twain and Charles Wagner–The Idea of Individualism–Horatio Alger

• Brave and Bold• Rags to Riches stories

Americans Become Consumers• Conspicuous

Consumption: Buying for status and the sake of buying: Buying more for WANT than NEED.

• Advertising: Rowland Macy (NYC), Jordan Marsh (Chicago: “Marshall” Fields)

• Department Store: variety of goods organized into departments…used advertising

• Standard of living began to improve for middle/upper class

Mass Culture

• Newspaper: • Joseph Pulitzer:

Evening World

• William Randolph Hearst: Morning Journal

Literature and Arts: Creating Social Awareness

• Horatio Alger: Rags to Riches

• Stephen Crane: Maggie: a Girl from the Streets (NYC Slums and Prostitution)

• Red Badge of Courage (Psychological Impact of War)

• Edith Wharton: Age of Innocence: Questioned societies “rigid rules”

• Thomas Eakins: Realist Painter

Popular Entertainment• Amusement Parks: Coney

Island• Buffalo Bill’s Wild West

Show• Church Summer Camps• Vaudeville: Music, Comedy,

Acrobats, Animal Acts, and Plays were featured

• Spectator Sports: Boxing, Baseball

• Baseball: included black players until

• 1876: Chicago Cubs Formed• 1887: Chicago White

Stockings refused to play a team with a black player

• James Naismith: invented basketball in 1891 at YMCA