u.s. government review roots of democracy. why have a government? what would life be like with no...

U.S. Government U.S. Government ReviewReview

Roots of Democracy

Why Have a Government?Why Have a Government?

What would life be like with no rules?Don’t only think of what you could get away

with but what others would be able to do to you…….

Social Contract TheorySocial Contract TheoryPeople give up some “freedoms” in order to

receive protection from the group.The U.S. Government is based on protecting

its citizens “individual freedoms”“The right to swing my fist ends where the

other man’s nose begins”- Justice Oliver Windell Holmes

DemocracyDemocracy

Government in which the people rule

Evolution of Democracy and Evolution of Democracy and the idea of Limited the idea of Limited GovernmentGovernmentMagna Carta (1215) – The

English King agreed that his power was not absolute and that government should be limited in what it could do.

English Bill of Rights (1688) – Limited the King’s power and reserved rights for the people including a fair and speedy trial with a jury of their peers and no “cruel and unusual” punishment.

Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of IndependenceThe “break up letter” to King

George III.“I did not consider it any part of my

charge to invent new ideas, but to place before mankind the common sense of the subject in terms so plain and firm as to command their assent….It was intended to be an expression of the American mind”

- Thomas Jefferson

Three Main parts – 1) Defines Human Rights2) List of grievances3) Decision to leave England

John Locke and Thomas John Locke and Thomas Jefferson on “Unalienable Jefferson on “Unalienable Rights”Rights”Locke: people’s

natural rights include “life, liberty and estate”

Jefferson: “unalienable

rights” of “life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness”

Declaration of Independence Declaration of Independence and “unalienable rights”and “unalienable rights”

“We hold these truths to be self evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed…..”

Declaration Blitz QuizDeclaration Blitz Quiz

Use numbers D1 – D4

D1: Which Founding Father of the United D1: Which Founding Father of the United States had the most significant role in States had the most significant role in

writing the Declaration of Independence?writing the Declaration of Independence?

Alpha. George WashingtonBeta. John AdamsKappa. Thomas JeffersonDelta. Benjamin Franklin

D2: Which of the following best D2: Which of the following best completes the diagram? completes the diagram?

A. LibertyB. JusticeK. EqualityD. Property

D3: The unalienable rights of life, liberty, D3: The unalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness and the pursuit of happiness

acknowledge the importance of the —acknowledge the importance of the —

A. community B. military K. ruler D. individual

D4: Which of the following D4: Which of the following documents lists the reasons for documents lists the reasons for the Revolutionary War? the Revolutionary War?

A. U.S. ConstitutionB. Declaration of IndependenceK. Articles of ConfederationD. Bill of Rights

U.S. History ReviewU.S. History ReviewConstitution Structure

Articles of ConfederationArticles of ConfederationEvery state had one vote in

Congress

Government Powers1. Make war and peace2. Send and receive Ambassadors3. Enter into treaties4. Raise and equip a Navy5. Maintain an Army by requesting

troops from the states6. Fix standard weights and

measures7. Establish post offices

Weaknesses of theWeaknesses of theArticles of ConfederationArticles of Confederation

Congress did not have the power to levy or collect taxes.- States decided how much money they would give to the national government

Congress could not regulate trade

Congress could not enforce the laws that they did pass

Laws needed the approval of 9 of the 13 states.

Constitutional Convention - Constitutional Convention - 17871787

In the summer of 1787 delegates from the states met to fix the problems that the government was having under the Articles.

After a few days, it was decided that they needed to start from scratch and build a new government.

They met in secret and did not allow the press to know what they were up to.

Constitutional Convention – Constitutional Convention – The Question of The Question of RepresentationRepresentation

The first big sticking point was how would the states be represented in the new government.

The Virginia Plan – called for a strong government with representation based on population

The New Jersey Plan – only wanted to amend the Articles with each state getting one vote.

Constitutional Convention – Constitutional Convention – The Question of The Question of RepresentationRepresentation

The Connecticut (Great) Compromise –A bicameral legislature (two houses)Senate – each state gets two votesHouse – votes based on population

Constitutional Convention –Constitutional Convention –The Question of SlaveryThe Question of Slavery

Now that population was part of the basis for representation, the question arose on how to count slaves.

North – they should only be counted for purposes of taxation, not representation.

South – they should only be counted for purposes of representation, not taxation.

Constitutional Convention –Constitutional Convention –The Question of SlaveryThe Question of Slavery

The 3/5 CompromiseEvery slave would count as 3/5 of a free person for both taxation and representation purposes.

3 Free Citizens = 5 Slaves

Troubles with RatificationTroubles with RatificationNot everyone liked the

idea of a strong central government.

Federalists – favored ratification- wrote many essays in support “The Federalist Papers”

Anti-Federalists – felt the Constitution did not go far enough to protect the rights of the individual as well as the state.

The Bill of The Bill of RightsRights

The first Ten Amendments to the Constitution to guarantee freedoms of the American people◦Needed in order to

secure ratification of the Constitution

Amending the ConstitutionAmending the ConstitutionFormal Amendment Process

◦1. First Method (most common 26 of 27) A. Amendment is proposed by Congress (2/3 in both

houses) B. Ratified by ¾ of the State Legislatures (38 states)

Constitution Structure Blitz Constitution Structure Blitz QuizQuiz

Use numbers C1 – C3

C1: The Articles of Confederation C1: The Articles of Confederation established a weak central government in established a weak central government in

order to —order to —

A. promote western migrationB. allow colonies to pay off their debtsK. protect the power of the statesD. help contain nationalism

C2: Which document was written in 1787 and C2: Which document was written in 1787 and

replaced the Articles of Confederation?replaced the Articles of Confederation?

A. Declaration of IndependenceB. Treaty of ParisK. U.S. ConstitutionD. Monroe Doctrine

C3: The U.S. Constitution is C3: The U.S. Constitution is considered an evolving document considered an evolving document

because it because it

A. has roots in earlier political documents and contains processes that allow for change

B. depends on citizens who are willing to protect liberty and justice

K. establishes a political system designed to control the use as well as the misuse of power

D. creates a framework that defines the authority of the state and federal governments

U.S. History ReviewU.S. History ReviewSeven Principles of

Democracy

A. Popular SovereigntyA. Popular SovereigntySovereign people

created the Constitution- “We the people….”

If the people do not like the actions of the people in government, they vote for new representatives◦The people are the only

source of power

John Locke and Thomas JeffersonJohn Locke and Thomas Jeffersonon Popular Sovereigntyon Popular Sovereignty

Locke: if government fails to protect these rights the people have the right to withdraw support

Jefferson: people have the right to remove government if it is not working the will of the people

B. Limited GovernmentB. Limited Government

The only power that government has is power given to it by the people

The people can also take that power away

Locke: Government sprang from the individual

Jefferson: “from the consent

of the governed”

John Locke and Thomas Jeffersonon “Limited Government”

C. FederalismC. FederalismThe division of political power among a central

government and several regional governments

FederalismFederalismYou are a citizen of four different levels of

government as well as living in Cy-Fair ISD.

FederalismFederalism

D. Representative GovernmentD. Representative Government

With many complicated issues facing government on a day to day basis, having a vote on every issue would not be very effective.

In the United States, delegates are elected to hold office and specialize in this decision making process.

RepublicRepublic

A government in which voters hold sovereign power; elected representatives, responsible to the people, exercise the power.

E. Separation of PowersE. Separation of Powers

The Constitution distributes the powers of the National Government between the three branches set in the Constitution.

Separation of PowersSeparation of PowersIntended to limit the powers of

government and to prevent tyranny (to much power in the hands of a few)

LegislativeLegislativeArticle I Section 1 “All legislative powers

herin granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States….”

Their main duty is tomake the laws

Legislative = law making

The United States CongressThe United States CongressSenate and the House of Senate and the House of RepresentativesRepresentatives

The Senate: Every state has two members (100)-Approves treaties and Presidential appointments

The House of Representatives: Based on Population

-435 members (reassigned every ten years)

Any laws passed mustgo through BOTH the House and the Senate.

ExecutiveExecutiveArticle 2 Section 1 “The executive power

shall be vested in the President of the United States”

It is the job of the President and the Executive Branch to“execute” the laws.Making sure that theyare carried out properly.

JudicialJudicialArticle 3 Section 1 “The

judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one Supreme Court and in such inferior courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish.”

Federal Justices are appointed for “life terms” so that public opinion and government pressure won’t sway their decisions.

F. Judicial ReviewF. Judicial Review

It is up to the SupremeCourt to make surethat the laws that arecreated are carried out and applied fairly.

They also determine iflaws are in fact “Constitutional”.

G. Checks and BalancesG. Checks and BalancesEach Branch of

Government is subject to a number of constitutional restraints by the other branches

Clashes between branches are limited because they know the rules and address the issue before it comes to a head

Checks and BalancesChecks and BalancesCongress and the CourtsCongress and the Courts

Congress- can impeach

Justices- Judges must be

approved by the Senate

Courts- can make

judgments onpassed legislation’s“Constitutionality”

Checks and BalancesChecks and BalancesCongress and the PresidentCongress and the President

President-Recommend legislation to Congress-Can veto (reject)

legislation passed by CongressCongress-Can

impeach/investigate a President-Override a Presidential Veto with a 2/3 vote

Checks and BalancesChecks and BalancesThe President and the CourtsThe President and the Courts

Courts- Can declare Presidential

Acts “unconstitutional”- Stand in judge how well

the President is executing the laws of Congress

President- Nominates federal

judges- Decides how strictly to

enforce court orders

Seven Principles of Democracy Seven Principles of Democracy Blitz QuizBlitz Quiz

Use numbers P1 – P4

P1: This excerpt reflects the principle P1: This excerpt reflects the principle

of - of -

A. limited governmentB. executive powerK. popular sovereigntyD. checks and balances

P2: Which of the following principles do P2: Which of the following principles do the illustrations below represent?the illustrations below represent?

A. Popular sovereigntyB. Implied PowersK. FederalismD. Separation of

Powers

P3: The principle of federalism in the P3: The principle of federalism in the

U.S. Constitution is reflected inU.S. Constitution is reflected in

A the right of states to negotiate foreign trade agreements

B the right of the national government to remove a state from the Union

K the separation of power among the three branches of the national government

D the division of power between the national and state governments

P4: The principle of checks and P4: The principle of checks and balances in the U.S. government is balances in the U.S. government is

reflected in thereflected in the

A. election of Supreme Court justicesB. creation of separate state and federal

court systemsK. appointment of cabinet-level officers by

the legislative branchD. ability of Congress to override a

presidential veto

U.S. History ReviewU.S. History ReviewThe Bill of Rights:

The First Amendment

The First AmendmentThe First Amendment

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.

GuaranteesNo state sponsored religionFree exercise of religious beliefsFreedom of speechFreedom of the pressFreedom of assembleFreedom to petition

First Amendment LimitationsFirst Amendment LimitationsGuaranteesNo state sponsored religion

Use of “God” on money and other state sponsored itemsFree exercise of religious beliefs

As long as the exercise does not violate the rights of othersFreedom of speech

As long as that speech doesn’t defame or cause disruptionFreedom of the press

Cannot knowingly print false informationFreedom to assemble

Has to be a peaceful assemblyFreedom to petition

How does this protect you?How does this protect you?You do have the right to pray in school.

-as long as it is not initiated by the schoolYou have the right to protest in school through “symbolic

speech”.Your freedom of speech is more limited at the school if it

is determined to be “disrupting to the educational process”.

You do have the right to burn the flag.A person cannot yell “fire” in a crowded theater

(represents a “clear and present danger”)The government can regulate the content of over the

public airwaves using radio/tv, but not cable/satellite radio and tv.

You are protected by law of someone defaming your character through written or spoken word.

You have the right to assemble in a group as long as it is done peacefully and is not planning criminal activity.

First Amendment Blitz QuizFirst Amendment Blitz Quiz

Use numbers F1 –F4

F1: In this excerpt, Justice Holmes suggests F1: In this excerpt, Justice Holmes suggests that allowing free speech in a democratic that allowing free speech in a democratic society includes society includes

A. developing new ideasB. endorsing popular

viewpointsK. tolerating unpopular viewsD. silencing vocal dissenters

F1: In this excerpt, Justice Holmes suggests F1: In this excerpt, Justice Holmes suggests that allowing free speech in a democratic that allowing free speech in a democratic society includes society includes

A. developing new ideasB. endorsing popular

viewpointsK. tolerating unpopular

viewsD. silencing vocal dissenters

F2: The Founding Fathers protected F2: The Founding Fathers protected freedom of the press in the Bill of Rights freedom of the press in the Bill of Rights

because they -because they -

A. wanted to secure the authority of the federal government over the states

B. hoped that the government would publish a national newspaper

K. wanted the government to remain open and accountable to the people

D. hoped that the government would establish public libraries

F3: Freedom of speech and freedom of F3: Freedom of speech and freedom of the press are important to the U.S. the press are important to the U.S. system of government because system of government because democracy relies on people todemocracy relies on people to

A. restrict unpopular views expressed in the publicB. make educated decisions on matters of public

concernK. support the rise of a totalitarian dictatorD. promote the advantages of a socialist economy

F4: Which of the following principles of F4: Which of the following principles of U.S. government best characterizes the U.S. government best characterizes the First Amendment to the U.S. First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution?Constitution?

A. RepublicanismB. Individual rightsK. FederalismD. Popular sovereignty

U.S. History ReviewU.S. History ReviewThe Bill of Rights

Amendments 2-10

22ndnd, 3, 3rdrd, and 4, and 4thth Amendments Amendments2nd Amendment – Right

to bear arms to maintain a well regulated militia.

3rd Amendment – No quartering of troops in people’s homes in times of peace.

4th Amendment – Protection against “unreasonable searches and seizures” and any evidence obtained illegally cannot be used.

How does this protect you?How does this protect you?

It is up to the states to determine limitations on weapons. (federalism)

Police cannot search your property without a warrant or “probable cause” or it is determined that evidence is being destroyed or if an “honest mistake” is made.

The police can only pull you over for breaking the law and need permission to search your car unless something is “in plain view”.

Once you put your trash out on the curb, it becomes public property and can be searched.

Any evidence obtained illegally cannot be used against you in a court of law.

The police need a warrant to do any “wiretapping” into your phone or internet communications.

The school has more rights to search you at school than the police do in public.

The 5The 5thth Amendment Amendment5th Amendment – Assures

the right not to be deprived of “life, liberty, or property without due process of law”, including protections against double jeopardy, self-incrimination, and government seizure of property without just compensation.

How does this protect you?How does this protect you?Once you become a suspect for a crime, you must be

read your legal rights. If you are not informed of your rights, anything that you say is not admissible in court.

You do not have to testify against yourself in a court proceeding against you. (the burden of proof is on the prosecution)

Any confession made “under duress” must be thrown out.

Results of a “lie detector” are not admissible in court.Once you are found innocent of a crime in a criminal

court, you cannot be charged with that crime again.If the government takes your property, they must

give you just compensation for that property.

66thth, 7, 7thth and 8 and 8thth Amendments Amendments6th Amendment –

Guarantees the right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury.

7th Amendment – Assures the right to a jury trial in cases involving the common law.

8th Amendment – Protects against excessive bail or cruel and unusual punishment.

How does this protect you?How does this protect you?

The state has to provide you an attorney if you cannot afford one for any offense that you are accused of where the punishment could be greater that six months jail time.

A judge cannot order excessive bail to hold a suspect in jail if they are not a threat to society.

You have the right to a jury trial if you choose.

The government cannot use “cruel and unusual punishment” against someone convicted of a crime.

99thth and 10 and 10thth Amendments Amendments

9th Amendment – Provides that people’s rights are not restricted to those specified in Amendments 1-8.

10th Amendment – Restates the idea of federalism. Powers not given to the national government, or prohibited to the states are reserved to the states and to the people.

The Civil War AmendmentsThe Civil War Amendments“Free, Citizens, Vote”

13th – Prohibition of Slavery (1865)14th – Citizenship, Due Process, Equal

Protection (1868)15th – Right to vote not to be denied by

race, color or previous servitude (1870)

Bill of Rights Blitz QuizBill of Rights Blitz Quiz

Use numbers B1 – B2

B1: The Bill of Rights guarantees B1: The Bill of Rights guarantees all citizens of the United States all citizens of the United States

certain rights, includingcertain rights, including

A against oppression by foreign governmentsB from economic hardshipsK from being deprived of property, liberty, or life

without due process of lawD against the military draft by the federal

government

B1: The Bill of Rights guarantees B1: The Bill of Rights guarantees all citizens of the United States all citizens of the United States

certain rights, includingcertain rights, including

A against oppression by foreign governmentsB from economic hardshipsK from being deprived of property, liberty, or

life without due process of lawD against the military draft by the federal

government

B2: The guarantee that every U.S. B2: The guarantee that every U.S. citizen facing criminal prosecution will citizen facing criminal prosecution will have a speedy and public trial by an have a speedy and public trial by an

impartial jury is provided in the - impartial jury is provided in the -

A. Declaration of IndependenceB. Mayflower CompactK. Articles of ConfederationD. Bill of Rights

U.S. History ReviewU.S. History Review“Other” Constitutional

Amendments

Important Later AmendmentsImportant Later AmendmentsCongress has the right to levy an income

tax (16th – 1913)The people will elect Senators directly (17th

– 1913)The Prohibition of Alcohol (18th – 1919,

repealed by the 21st – 1933)Women shall have the right to vote (19th –

1920)A President shall serve no more than 2

terms or ten years (22nd – 1951)A formal process for the Vice President to

become President (25th – 1967)The voting age is lowered to 18 (26th –

1971)

““Other” Constitutional Other” Constitutional AmendmentsAmendmentsBlitz QuizBlitz Quiz

Use numbers A1 – A4

A1: One reason the 14th and 15th A1: One reason the 14th and 15th Amendments to the U.S. Constitution Amendments to the U.S. Constitution were considered milestones was that were considered milestones was that

theythey

A brought the Civil War to an endB created the Freedmen’s BureauK established procedures for impeaching the

presidentD granted newly freed slaves significant political

rights

A1: One reason the 14th and 15th A1: One reason the 14th and 15th Amendments to the U.S. Constitution Amendments to the U.S. Constitution were considered milestones was that were considered milestones was that

theythey

A brought the Civil War to an endB created the Freedmen’s BureauK established procedures for impeaching the

presidentD granted newly freed slaves significant

political rights

A2: Ratification of the 17A2: Ratification of the 17thth Amendment gave the people a Amendment gave the people a greater voice in government by greater voice in government by

providing for - providing for -

A. Direct elections of senatorsB. Federal funding of local and state electionsK. Equal voting rights for African AmericansD. Equal representation in the Senate and the

House

A3: It can be inferred from the excerpt A3: It can be inferred from the excerpt below that Senator Mansfield advocated below that Senator Mansfield advocated

the right of 18-year-olds to the right of 18-year-olds to

A. enlist in the army B. marry the person of their choice K. attend the college of their choice D. vote in national elections

A-4: The headline refers to a A-4: The headline refers to a

constitutional amendment thatconstitutional amendment that - -

A allows for taxes on incomeB protects the right to freedom of expressionK expands the right to voteD details the right of the accused in criminal cases


Pre-test Questions(from the test taken in class on April

2nd)9 of 55 TAKS Questions (16%)

1: In a democracy. freedom of 1: In a democracy. freedom of speech and freedom of the press speech and freedom of the press

allow citizens to - allow citizens to -

A. express opinions on important issuesB. disobey controversial laws without

consequencesC. change government policies through the

use of violenceD. knowingly publish falsehoods for the

purpose of ruining someone’s reputation

1: In a democracy, freedom of 1: In a democracy, freedom of speech and freedom of the press speech and freedom of the press

allow citizens to - allow citizens to -

A. express opinions on important issuesB. disobey controversial laws without

consequencesC. change government policies through the

use of violenceD. knowingly publish falsehoods for the

purpose of ruining someone’s reputation

5: Which of the following 5: Which of the following constitutional remedies best constitutional remedies best

completes the chart? completes the chart?

A. The First Amendment guarantees freedom of speechB. The Eighth Amendment prohibits excessive bailC. The Second Amendment grants the right to bear armsD. The Sixth Amendment provides for a fair and speedy trial

9: The items listed below are all 9: The items listed below are all found in the - found in the -

A. Articles of ConfederationB. Bill of RightsC. Magna CartaD. Declaration of Independence

16: Which of the following occurred 16: Which of the following occurred as a result of the ratification of the as a result of the ratification of the 1414thth Amendment to the U.S. Amendment to the U.S.

Constitution? Constitution?

A. Women were granted the right to voteB. Citizenship was extended to former

slavesC. The authority of the federal judiciary was

expandedD. The rights of immigrants were protected.

29: Which of the following is 29: Which of the following is

guaranteed in the Bill of Rights? guaranteed in the Bill of Rights?

A. The right to voteB. The right to own propertyC. The right to workD. The right to a public trial

33: The delegates to the 33: The delegates to the Constitutional Convention of 1787 Constitutional Convention of 1787 met to correct the defects of the - met to correct the defects of the -

A. Bill of RightsB. Northwest OrdinanceC. Articles of ConfederationD. Declaration of Independence

37: Who is credited with writing 37: Who is credited with writing most of the document excerpted most of the document excerpted below?below?

A. Samuel AdamsB. Thomas PaineC. Thomas JeffersonD. George Washington

38: What was the significance of 38: What was the significance of the ratification of the 15the ratification of the 15thth Amendment to the U.S. ConstitutionAmendment to the U.S. Constitution

A. It granted the right to vote to African Americans

B. It granted citizenship to native AmericansC. It outlawed discrimination in public placesD. It provided for the admission of new

states to the Union.

44: The items listed in the box 44: The items listed in the box below are most closely associated below are most closely associated withwith

A. citizenship requirementsB. inalienable rightsC. limited governmentD. checks and balances


Left Over Review Questions

D3: John Locke wrote about the D3: John Locke wrote about the unalienable rights of life, liberty, and unalienable rights of life, liberty, and property because most nations - property because most nations -

A. Guaranteed rights to womenB. Limited rights to the privileged fewC. Protected rights with state constitutionsD. Restricted the power of the ruler

D4: The unalienable rights referred to D4: The unalienable rights referred to in the Declaration of Independence are in the Declaration of Independence are

rights that —rights that —

A. are guaranteed only to natural born citizens

B. cannot be taken away by a government without due process of law

K. are enumerated by the Magna CartaD. are limited by the Bill of Rights

D6: It can best be supported from the D6: It can best be supported from the excerpt below that that if a person’s excerpt below that that if a person’s unalienable rights are not protected by the unalienable rights are not protected by the

government, then the people have —government, then the people have —

A. The right to change the governmentB. The opportunity to adjust government spendingC. The obligation to obey unfair lawsD. The responsibility to finance political campaigns

C4: How does the U.S. Constitution C4: How does the U.S. Constitution address this complaint detailed in the address this complaint detailed in the Declaration of Independence?Declaration of Independence?

A. “No person shall be a representative who shall not have attained to the age of twenty-five years….”

B. “Each house may….with the concurrence of two thirds, expel a member.”

C. “Representatives…shall be apportioned among the several states…according to their respective numbers…”

D. “The senators and representatives shall receive a compensation for their services…”

P5: According to the excerpt below, P5: According to the excerpt below, Madison favored the basic constitution Madison favored the basic constitution

principle of -principle of -

A separation of powersB republicanismC federalismD popular sovereignty

P3: Which of the following is an example P3: Which of the following is an example of the constitutional principle of of the constitutional principle of

governmental checks and balances?governmental checks and balances?

A. Direct election of senatorsB. Presidential veto powerC. Congressional term limitsD. Appeal of court decisions

P4: The idea of representative P4: The idea of representative government flourished in colonial government flourished in colonial

America because the colonists wantedAmerica because the colonists wanted

A the people to be the source of powerB to be responsible for their own defenseC government power to be held by only a few

leadersD a president to control the government

F2: The excerpt below implies that - F2: The excerpt below implies that -

A. democratic governments limit freedom of the pressB. a free press is essential to a free societyC. freedom of the press is more important than democracyD. democratic governments should subsidize the press

F5: Which of the following best F5: Which of the following best completes the diagram below?completes the diagram below?

A. Examples of judicial abuse of power

B. The results of free speech and a free press

C. Examples of government checks and balances

D. The impact of the separation of powers

F4: According to the excerpt, which of the F4: According to the excerpt, which of the following is necessary to preserve liberty following is necessary to preserve liberty

within the U.S.?within the U.S.?

A. democratic governments limit freedom of the pressB. a free press is essential to a free societyC. freedom of the press is more important than democracyD. democratic governments should subsidize the press

B2: The provisions made in this excerpt B2: The provisions made in this excerpt were intended to address which of the were intended to address which of the following grievances listed in the following grievances listed in the

Declaration of Independence?Declaration of Independence?

A. “For imposing taxes on us without our consent . . . ” B. “For quartering large bodies of armed troops among

us . . . ” C. “For cutting off our trade with all parts of the

world . . . ” D. “For transporting us beyond seas to be tried for

pretended offenses . . . ”

B2: The provisions made in this excerpt B2: The provisions made in this excerpt were intended to address which of the were intended to address which of the following grievances listed in the following grievances listed in the

Declaration of Independence?Declaration of Independence?

A. “For imposing taxes on us without our consent . . . ” B. “For quartering large bodies of armed troops among

us . . . ” C. “For cutting off our trade with all parts of the

world . . . ” D. “For transporting us beyond seas to be tried

for pretended offenses . . . ”

B3: Which of the following court cases is B3: Which of the following court cases is directly related to the scenario described directly related to the scenario described below?below?

A. Gideon v. Wainright: The accused has the right to an attorney in state felony cases

B. Escabedo v. Illinois: The accused has the right to an attorney during police interrogation

C. Reynolds v. Sims: Congressional districts should be equal in population

D. Mapp v. Ohio: Evidence seized illegally cannot be used in a court of law

A2: The 15th Amendment to the US A2: The 15th Amendment to the US Constitution gave citizens the right to Constitution gave citizens the right to vote regardless of race, color, or former vote regardless of race, color, or former status as a slave. Later methods of status as a slave. Later methods of depriving citizens of their 15th depriving citizens of their 15th

Amendment rights included —Amendment rights included —

A poll taxes and literacy testsB requiring landownershipC church membership requirementsD requiring a high school education

u.s. government review roots of democracy. why have a government? what would life be like with no...

Documents

unalienable rights of

certain unalienable

reserved rights

english bill of rights

unalienable rightslocke

unalienable rightswe

peoples natural rights

thomas jeffersondelta