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Chapter 1 American Government: Roots, Context, and Culture

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Page 1: American Government: Roots, Context, and Culture · Section 1.1 Roots of American Government: We the People. The Earliest Inhabitants of the Americas Indigenous peoples 30,000 years

Chapter 1

American Government: Roots, Context, and Culture

Page 2: American Government: Roots, Context, and Culture · Section 1.1 Roots of American Government: We the People. The Earliest Inhabitants of the Americas Indigenous peoples 30,000 years

Section 1.1

Roots of American Government: We the People

Page 3: American Government: Roots, Context, and Culture · Section 1.1 Roots of American Government: We the People. The Earliest Inhabitants of the Americas Indigenous peoples 30,000 years

The Earliest Inhabitants of the Americas

Indigenous peoples

30,000 years

Not homogeneous

100 million inhabitants

European diseases

Warfare

1.1

Page 4: American Government: Roots, Context, and Culture · Section 1.1 Roots of American Government: We the People. The Earliest Inhabitants of the Americas Indigenous peoples 30,000 years

The First Colonists

Reasons for immigration

A religious tradition takes root

"A city on a hill"

Lack of religious tolerance

1.1

Page 5: American Government: Roots, Context, and Culture · Section 1.1 Roots of American Government: We the People. The Earliest Inhabitants of the Americas Indigenous peoples 30,000 years

What did colonial settlement look like before

1700?

1.1

Page 6: American Government: Roots, Context, and Culture · Section 1.1 Roots of American Government: We the People. The Earliest Inhabitants of the Americas Indigenous peoples 30,000 years

Who was Anne Hutchinson? 1.1

Bettmann/Corbis

Page 7: American Government: Roots, Context, and Culture · Section 1.1 Roots of American Government: We the People. The Earliest Inhabitants of the Americas Indigenous peoples 30,000 years

Section 1.2

Types of Government

Page 8: American Government: Roots, Context, and Culture · Section 1.1 Roots of American Government: We the People. The Earliest Inhabitants of the Americas Indigenous peoples 30,000 years

Types of Government

Classification of governments

Types of governments

Monarchy

Aristocracy

Totalitarianism

Oligarchy

Democracy

Direct democracy

Representative democracy

1.2

Page 9: American Government: Roots, Context, and Culture · Section 1.1 Roots of American Government: We the People. The Earliest Inhabitants of the Americas Indigenous peoples 30,000 years

How did Aristotle classify the types of

governments?1.2

Page 10: American Government: Roots, Context, and Culture · Section 1.1 Roots of American Government: We the People. The Earliest Inhabitants of the Americas Indigenous peoples 30,000 years

Devising a National Government in the American Colonies

Rejected monarchy/aristocracy

Rejected direct democracy as unworkable

Chose republic

Indirect democracy

1.2

Page 11: American Government: Roots, Context, and Culture · Section 1.1 Roots of American Government: We the People. The Earliest Inhabitants of the Americas Indigenous peoples 30,000 years

What does a modern monarchy look like?

1.2

Jeff J. Mitchell/AP Images

Page 12: American Government: Roots, Context, and Culture · Section 1.1 Roots of American Government: We the People. The Earliest Inhabitants of the Americas Indigenous peoples 30,000 years

Section 1.3

Functions of American Government

Page 13: American Government: Roots, Context, and Culture · Section 1.1 Roots of American Government: We the People. The Earliest Inhabitants of the Americas Indigenous peoples 30,000 years

We the people . . .

Establishing Justice

Ensuring Domestic Tranquility

Providing for the Common Defense

Promoting the General Welfare

Securing the Blessings of Liberty

1.3

Page 14: American Government: Roots, Context, and Culture · Section 1.1 Roots of American Government: We the People. The Earliest Inhabitants of the Americas Indigenous peoples 30,000 years

Section 1.4

American Political Culture and the Basic Tenets of American Democracy

Page 15: American Government: Roots, Context, and Culture · Section 1.1 Roots of American Government: We the People. The Earliest Inhabitants of the Americas Indigenous peoples 30,000 years

Liberty and Equality

Which is most important?

Freedom from versus freedom to

Political equality

1.4

Page 16: American Government: Roots, Context, and Culture · Section 1.1 Roots of American Government: We the People. The Earliest Inhabitants of the Americas Indigenous peoples 30,000 years

Popular Consent, Majority Rule, and Popular Sovereignty

Popular consent

Governments derive power by consent of

the governed

Majority rule

Bill of Rights protects minority rights

Popular sovereignty

Basis in natural law

1.4

Page 17: American Government: Roots, Context, and Culture · Section 1.1 Roots of American Government: We the People. The Earliest Inhabitants of the Americas Indigenous peoples 30,000 years
Page 18: American Government: Roots, Context, and Culture · Section 1.1 Roots of American Government: We the People. The Earliest Inhabitants of the Americas Indigenous peoples 30,000 years

Individualism

Unique to American democracy

Traced to Puritans

Linked to unalienable rights

1.4

Page 19: American Government: Roots, Context, and Culture · Section 1.1 Roots of American Government: We the People. The Earliest Inhabitants of the Americas Indigenous peoples 30,000 years

Religious Faith and Religious Freedom

Religious conflict motivation for immigration

Colonists sought freedom of religion.

Did not want to grant it to others

Religious freedom enshrined in Constitution

Tolerance still more of an ideal

1.4

Page 20: American Government: Roots, Context, and Culture · Section 1.1 Roots of American Government: We the People. The Earliest Inhabitants of the Americas Indigenous peoples 30,000 years

Why is religious freedom a tenet of

American democracy?

1.4

Rex Features/ AP Images

Page 21: American Government: Roots, Context, and Culture · Section 1.1 Roots of American Government: We the People. The Earliest Inhabitants of the Americas Indigenous peoples 30,000 years

Section 1.5

The Changing American People

Page 22: American Government: Roots, Context, and Culture · Section 1.1 Roots of American Government: We the People. The Earliest Inhabitants of the Americas Indigenous peoples 30,000 years

Racial and Ethnic Composition

Immigration from Western Europe

Immigration from Eastern Europe

Growth of Hispanic and Asian populations

Minorities now the majority

1.5

Page 23: American Government: Roots, Context, and Culture · Section 1.1 Roots of American Government: We the People. The Earliest Inhabitants of the Americas Indigenous peoples 30,000 years

Aging

Strain on Social Security

Thanks, Baby Boomers!

Impact on working Americans

1.5

Page 24: American Government: Roots, Context, and Culture · Section 1.1 Roots of American Government: We the People. The Earliest Inhabitants of the Americas Indigenous peoples 30,000 years

Religious Beliefs

No longer mainly Christian

Different political and social demands

1.5

Page 25: American Government: Roots, Context, and Culture · Section 1.1 Roots of American Government: We the People. The Earliest Inhabitants of the Americas Indigenous peoples 30,000 years

Regional Growth and

Expansion

1.5

North versus South

Anti-government bias of West

Is rural versus urban more

important today?

Page 26: American Government: Roots, Context, and Culture · Section 1.1 Roots of American Government: We the People. The Earliest Inhabitants of the Americas Indigenous peoples 30,000 years

Family and Family Size

Gender roles

Declining marriage rate

Same-sex marriage (please note: your

book was published before the

Supreme court ruling legalizing same-

sex marriage)

1.5

Page 27: American Government: Roots, Context, and Culture · Section 1.1 Roots of American Government: We the People. The Earliest Inhabitants of the Americas Indigenous peoples 30,000 years

What does the typical American family

look like?

1.5

ABC/Photofest

Page 28: American Government: Roots, Context, and Culture · Section 1.1 Roots of American Government: We the People. The Earliest Inhabitants of the Americas Indigenous peoples 30,000 years

Section 1.6

Political ideology

Page 29: American Government: Roots, Context, and Culture · Section 1.1 Roots of American Government: We the People. The Earliest Inhabitants of the Americas Indigenous peoples 30,000 years

Political Ideology

. . . the coherent set of values and beliefs

people hold about the purpose and scope of

government.

1.6

Page 30: American Government: Roots, Context, and Culture · Section 1.1 Roots of American Government: We the People. The Earliest Inhabitants of the Americas Indigenous peoples 30,000 years

Political Ideology

Four functions of ideologies Explanation (why social and political conditions are the way they are)

Evaluation (social conditions and political institutions and events)

Orientation (toward issues and a position within the world)

Political Program (help people make political choices and guide their political

actions)

1.6

Page 31: American Government: Roots, Context, and Culture · Section 1.1 Roots of American Government: We the People. The Earliest Inhabitants of the Americas Indigenous peoples 30,000 years

Finding Your Political Ideology

Conservatives Social conservatives

Liberals

Moderates

1.6

Page 32: American Government: Roots, Context, and Culture · Section 1.1 Roots of American Government: We the People. The Earliest Inhabitants of the Americas Indigenous peoples 30,000 years

What are Americans' political ideologies? 1.6

Page 33: American Government: Roots, Context, and Culture · Section 1.1 Roots of American Government: We the People. The Earliest Inhabitants of the Americas Indigenous peoples 30,000 years

Problems with Ideological Labels

Is left-to-right the only direction?

Economic versus personal liberties

Statists

Libertarians

1.6

Page 34: American Government: Roots, Context, and Culture · Section 1.1 Roots of American Government: We the People. The Earliest Inhabitants of the Americas Indigenous peoples 30,000 years

Section 1.7

Toward Reform: People and Politics

Page 35: American Government: Roots, Context, and Culture · Section 1.1 Roots of American Government: We the People. The Earliest Inhabitants of the Americas Indigenous peoples 30,000 years

Redefining Our Expectations

Loss of faith in American institutions

Frustration

Dissatisfaction

1.7

Page 36: American Government: Roots, Context, and Culture · Section 1.1 Roots of American Government: We the People. The Earliest Inhabitants of the Americas Indigenous peoples 30,000 years

Do Americans have confidence in

political institutions?

1.7


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