Urbanization and Water Quality Control

for the Source of Water

in Jakarta

Socio Economical and Natural Condition

A City with the population of 9,1 millions

Population Density Spread: •Central Jakarta 9.78 %, •South Jakarta 23.2 %, •East Jakarta 26.55%,•West Jakarta 24.08%,•North Jakarta 15.96%.

The density of Jakarta reaches 13.826/km2

Annual Precipitation on the year 2008 reached = 1.949,1 mm

In 2007, GRP (Growth Regional Domestic Product) was Rp. 566.45 trillion(US$ 60.26 million).

The largest contributions to GDRP was by

•finance, ownership and business services (28.7%);

•trade, hotel and restaurant sector (20.4%),

•manufacturing industry sector (15.97%).

59,95 % Can access water tapped system

Quantity and Quality Water Sources

Name Volume of available water (m3)

Volume of abstracted water (m3)

Beneficial Use(domestic, industry, agriculture)

(%)

Water quality

Surface water Waduk Bahagia, Kebon Melati, Setiabudi Etc..

270,877,502 1. Domestic : 65.67 %2. Industry : 4.73 %3. Agruculture : 3.55 %4. Others : 26.05 %

Fair to Good

Surface water Ciliwung, Kamal dll

164.008.868 Some area from Poor to Good conditions

Groundwater 309,155,435 1. Domestic : 89.27 %2. Industry : 21.18 %3. Agruculture : -4. Others : 8.55 %

Good on 40 m or below

• 760 million/m3 a year flows to the shallow layers of the aquifers.

• The rest 40 million/m3 a year flows to the deepest layer of the aquifers.

• Groundwater that came from the mountains is 37million/m3 a year

Groundwater

Potential groundwater from rain 800 million /m3 a year

40 m

Good Condition

– Lake/Reservoir• There are 40 sites in Jakarta. In south Jakarta alone witch 7 of these sites or

located with the length 66.5 ha, 3 sites in Central Jakarta with the lenght of 7.4 ha,12 in North Jakarta with the length of 179.5 ha,2 in West Jakarta with the length of 5 ha, and 16 in East Jakarta with the length of 66.9 ha.

• The condition of those sites: 19% in a managed condition, 14% in an unmanaged condition, and 5 % have dried out

• Mostly, the condition of these sites are poluted by households and industrial waste

– River13 river system flows through Jakarta City witch started upstream in West Java

and ended downstream in Jakarta Bay. By then the rivers of Jakarta became the last dump site of a variety of wastes from upstream of the rivers.

Surface Water

Effluent Load to the Sources

Land use around water sources• mostly covered by build-

up areas and less green areas

• Used for domestic waste landfill in Jakarta

BOD load to the water source 33.82 tons /hour

Major Problem is started from

upstream Ciliwung

Estimated Efflunet load to the water sources per sector reaches 8,640,000 m3/day.

The situation of domestic wastewater tretament in the areas without access to central domestic wastewater teratment plant

Almost Jakarta residence does not have wastewater teratment.

Usually they dispose domestic waste direct to the ground or river

Currently a pilot project at the Petojoarea, Central Jakarta, consisting of Public Toilet equipped with the Decentralized Wastewater Treatment System (DE‐WATS) technology, which works by processing the waste water witch contains the E‐Coli bacteria and soap into a more safer and manageable waste water instead of polluted water

This pilot project will be put into service in other areas

around Jakarta.

Current measure on quality control for the water source

DKI Jakarta Governer decree No 582 year 1995 about On the quotition dan quality standard of the river water and water resevoirs, and the quality standards of pollution in the DKI Jakarta Provincial Area

The use of water base on groups;

Group A : Water that is used for drinking water without any puryfing done.Group B : Water that is used as the primary drinking waterGroup C : Water that is used on husbandryGroup D : Water that is used on farmstead, power plants and business.

Water quality standardwater quality standart for the source, effluent quality standard

Situation of quality monitoring for the water source

– Ground WaterDone by the BPLHD at least once a year (2008)

– Surface Water• Lake

For the surface water, is done on the first week of July until the first week of September

• RiverTwice during July and December, 13 rivers and 66 monitoring points

• Lowering the level of pollution from the industry using the Clean River Program.

• Gradually relocate the housing on the riverbeds and restoring it as a green road.

• Planting trees with strong roots to prevent erosion.

• In the domestic level by building a septic tank with a filter system and building a planed sewerage system.

• To create public awarness about water resources and the creation of wells absorb or biopores

• Adding more frequent monitoring and monitoring point of water resources

Current Measures on Quality Control for the Water Sources

Current issues on quality control for the water source

Officialy the laws on the development and mangement on water resources are already made and most can be implemented.

However due to the insufficiant resources in maintaining and enforcement , causes the management and monitoring of water resources to be less efective and many cases of polution becomes unhandled

Undevelop legal system and Low Enforcement of

Water Quality

In the year 2008, 31 areas in Jakarta’s river banks are used as living spaces

Uncontrolled landuse around the source of water

The furthur downstream, the more congested

Currently it is estimated that there is around 21.332 households in the area.

Uncontrolled landuse around the source of water

Effluent disharge from small communities or slum near reservoir

Most communities near and around water resevoirs continues to discharge effluent into river/water resevoirs

Groundwater polluton due to domestic wastewater discharge from septictank

Jakarta have more then one million septic tanks.

Approximetly 60 % of houses in the city poses wells not 10 meters away from the septic tanks. The spill‐out from these septic tanks causes the ground water to become poluted and endangering those who uses the water.

From the research done by the Indonesia Sanitation Sector Development Program (ISSDO), 70% of ground water in Jakarta is contaminated by human waste or other bacteria like E‐coli.

Low coverage ratio of tapped water system or domestic wastewater treatment system

The main problem that drinking water providers in Jakarta during the preperation of purifying the drinking water, around 50.23% of source water is lost.

It caused by the management that has not been optimized as of yet

Distributions :

No Customer Qty Vol (M3 /Yr)

1 Domestic 659,694 15,622

2 Industry 84,873 5,280

3 Hospital 1,286 737

4 Hotel 272 893

5 Others 9,430 2,448

Due to the difficulty in obtaining the crucial purifying

materials

the low realization of the people to help take care of

the clean drinking water facility.

Low environment awarness of resident near the source of water and Solid waste discharge to the source of water

The low social awareness in taking care of their community can be seen by the amount of waste that these communitys directly dump their waste into the river.

At least 76,383 cubic meters of garbage are transported every day from a number of river that flows in Jakarta

Thank You

Aksa TejalaksanaSub Head Section of Clearinghouse