urban policy

Lecture no.12

Urban Design

Urban Policy

Definitions

Urban policy & Urban Form

Laws & urban form

How to make urban policy work

Requirements

CONTENTS

Urban form, design and development encompasses the physical form and functions of a city

–how the layout of buildings, roads, open spaces, and physical and social infrastructureincluding transport can be best be devised

to maximize economic opportunity, socialwellbeing, cultural diversity and environmental health.

Urban Design courseZaqaziq University

Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture

Lecture no.12

Urban Policy

Definitions



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Policy - What it is:

Urban Policy

A policy is typically described as a deliberate plan of action to guide decisions and achieve rational

outcome(s) .



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Urban Policy

The term may apply to government, private sector organizations and groups, and individuals.



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Urban Policy

Policy may also refer to the process of making important organizational decisions.

Policies can be understood as political, management, financial, and administrative mechanisms arranged to reach explicit goals.



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Urban Policy

Policies are typically promulgated through official written documents. Such documents often have standard formats that are particular to the organization issuing the policy. While such formats differ in form, policy documents usually contain certain standard components including:



Lecture no.12

Urban Policy

policy documents usually contain certain standard components including:

A purpose statement "vision”, outlining why the organization is issuing the policy, and what its

desired effect or outcome of the policy should be .



Lecture no.12

Urban Policy

policy documents usually contain certain standard components including:An applicability and scope statement, describing who the policy

affects and which actions are impacted by the policy .The applicability and scope may expressly exclude certain people,

organizations, or actions from the policy requirements .Applicability and scope is used to focus the policy on only the desired

targets, and avoid unintended consequences where possible .



Lecture no.12

Urban Policy


An effective date which indicates when the policy comes into force .



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Urban Policy


A responsibilities section, indicating which parties and organizations are responsible for carrying out individual

policy statements .



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Urban Policy

policy documents usually contain certain standard components including:Policy statements indicating the specific regulations, requirements, or modifications to organizational behavior

that the policy is creating .

Policy statements are extremely diverse depending on the organization and intent, and may take almost any form.

Public Policy - What it is:

Urban Policy



Lecture no.12

Public policy can be generally defined as the course of action or inaction taken by governmental entities (the decisions of government) with regard to a particular issue or set of issues.

Design Code

A precise description of parameters for designing buildings and open space on each lot within a development, which may also include

specification of material and detail.



Lecture no.12

Urban Policy



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Used by local councils and private sector developers to control the site planning and design quality on individual lots within a larger development.

Design Code

Urban Policy



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Design Code

How it’s done:

A design code usually comprises a master plan and written information .

The master plan is three dimensional and illustrates the development area and intended arrangement of spaces,

buildings and design details .

The written information explains the plan, and details issues such as landscape, materials and mix of uses .

Design Guide

A guideline that describes in words and illustrations the principles for achieving quality urban design. Design guides can be either non-statutory or statutory in relation to a district plan.



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Urban Policy



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Design guides may be applied to specific areas, such as character areas, town and city centers, development types (for example, multi-unit housing), or to design issues (for example, design for streetscape quality or safety).

Design Guide

Urban Policy

Vision Outlines what the developer wants to be, or how it

wants the world in which it operates to be .

It concentrates on the future. It is a source of inspiration. It provides clear decision-making criteria.



Lecture no.12

Urban Policy

Urban Policy

Urban Form



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Urban Form

Urban design policy is concerned with more than just the architectural quality of development. It helps to shape the place as a whole, and all its economic, social and environmental impacts. To bring about fundamental change, urban design policy needs to define a vision which will be realized over a time span – sometimes as long as a generation – and achieved through a series of staged objectives focusing on short-term goals.



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Urban Form

Planning, urban design and sustainable development are responses to the same challenge :

how to make successful places in a responsible way.

In order to develop good urban design policies there should be co-ordination and collaborative working between departments

within local authorities .



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Urban Form



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Design policies should be clear, specific, measurableor testable, and technically feasible.

Each policy should provide: first, a design objective and second, an explanation of how a solution might fulfil that objective.

Urban Form &policy

Urban Policy

Laws



Lecture no.12

Policy differs from rules or law .

While law can compel or prohibit behaviors (e.g. a law requiring the payment of taxes on income)

policy merely guides actions toward those that are most likely to achieve a desired outcome.

Laws and legislations



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Why laws and legislations!?? Human rights : Safety Safety is the state of being "safe" `the condition of being protected against physical, social, spiritual, financial, political, emotional, occupational, psychological, educational or other types or consequences of failure, damage, error, accidents, harm or any

other event which could be considered non-desirable .



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Ownership Protection

Why laws and legislations!??

Ownership is the state or fact of exclusive rights and control over property, which may be an object, land or intellectual property.

Urban design may encompass the preparation of design guidelines and

regulatory frameworks, or even legislation to control development. and in this sense

overlaps with urban planning .



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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_planning



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Aesthetic Legislation

Throughout history, architectural form has been defined and, or affected, by legislation designed to control its

appearance .Laws, have been used to define the physical form, material architectural features of public spaces, and other such parts of the city

Laws and urban form



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The inter relationship between architecture and law needs to be ascertained – especially how the built environment (including buildings, public spaces, and the use of those spaces) has been controlled through various forms of legislation. It is the design of the ‘appropriate appearance’ .of the city fabric

Laws and urban form



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Building HeightUrban scale

Street proportionSky lineIdentity

Laws and urban form

Laws and urban form



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Urban form



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Economic Legislations

Laws and urban form

•Business retention and expansion •Human resources

•Social economy •Industrial attraction

•income and outcome



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Economic Legislations

Laws and urban form

Land prices – cost – benefits – landed market



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Social Legislations

Laws and urban form

Activities Privacy Human rights



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Environmental Legislations

Laws and urban form

Site constraints Atmosphere

MoistureTemperature

http://www.dbarchitect.com/projects/slideshow/45.html

Urban Policy

Requirements



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Policies Requirements

Flexibility

Variety

Complementary Futurity

Design policies should be clear, specific, measurableor testable, and technically feasible.



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Requirements

Towns and cities are constantly changing, and in ways that are unpredictable. How will we be living, working, shopping or enjoying ourselves in 10, 20 or 30 years time? We don’t know. That does not mean that we can not plan and design.

What it does mean is that we need to plan and design flexible frameworks that can accommodate change.

We need to understand local economic and market conditions. And we need to know about the people who live there – how they live, how they work, how they move about the area and what they hope for the place’s future.



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Requirements



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Urban development

Sustainable urban development :development that improves the long-term social and ecological health of cities and towns

‘Sustainable' city's include compact, efficient land use, less automobile use yet with better access, efficient resource use, less pollution and waste, the restoration of natural systems, good housing and living environments, a healthy social ecology, a sustainable economy, community participation and involvement and preservation of local culture and wisdom

Urban Policy

How to make urban policy work

1 .Has to be a team or partnership approach2 .Team has to be inter-disciplinary

3 .Need a champion4 .Informed by comprehensive research

5 .Risk assessment of site 6 .Research the market



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How to make urban policy

work

7 .Building community awareness/ understanding8 .Consultation with stakeholders

9 .Develop a business case



Lecture no.12

How to make urban policy

work

Thank you!!!!