PUT

THE

PICTURES

IN

ORDER

1

2

3

4

5

6

Urban Models

Burgess’ Model

• On a plain piece of paper have a go at remembering the Burgess model.

• HINT: this is the one with lots of circles!

Burgess Model

Hoyt’s Model

• On a plain piece of paper have a go at remembering the Hoyt model.

• HINT: this is the one with circles and wedges!

Hoyt’s Model

Quick Task on Burgess and Hoyt

• Using the information we have just spoken about write a short description of each of the models on your sheet in the ‘description’ segment.

• Think about:

– What the model is showing – how it is structured?

– What information it is based upon

Limitations of the Burgess Model• Does not account for the physical landscape

– Based on Chicago and even this city does not follow the pattern due to the coastline!

• Burgess did not foresee the development of commuter villages.

• Urban regeneration and gentrification has changed the status of housing in inner cities.

• Council estates in the suburbs do not fit model.

• Decentralisation of shops and industry does not fit the model – out of town shopping centres.

BUT – Simple, good basic understanding, idea of city growth explained well

Limitations of the Hoyt Model

• Like Burgess there is little reference to the physical environment.

• No reference to out-of-town services.

• The growth of a sector can be stopped as land-use leapfrogs out of the old inner city.

– Council estates have prevented the large high class sector developing in other areas of Bristol

BUT – Some cities seem to follow the model, looks at effects of communication routes, provides alternate explanations to Burgess’ model.

Harris and Ullman Model

• Otherwise known as the multiple nuclei model.• Idea that cities are not formed around one CBD but a number

of separate nuclei in the urban pattern.• These nodes become specialised and differentiated based on

a number of attributes:– Differential accessibility. Some activities require specialized

facilities such as port and rail terminals. – Land use compatibility. Similar activities group together.

This may be defined as centripetal forces.– Land use incompatibility. Some activities are repelling each-

other such as high quality residential and heavy industrial. This may be defined as centrifugal forces.

– Location suitability. Some activities cannot afford the rent of the optimal site for their location.

Harris and Ullman Model

• The multiple nuclei model was the first to consider the complexity of the city and its surrounding areas

• Realisation that the CBD is not the only part of a city that affects land use

• Still a simplification of the urban landscape

• Physical landscape still not entirely integrated

Mann’s Model• A British Urban Land Use Model.

• A combination of the ideas of Burgess and Hoyt with both concentric rings and sectors.

• Based on Sheffield, Nottingham and Huddersfield.

• The role of the prevailing wind is important.

Mann’s Model – Limitations and Advantages

• Once again there is no reference to the physical landscape.

• No acknowledgement of the multiple centres in Harris and Ullman’s model.

• Does not forsee the advent of reurbanisation that is happening today with the regeneration of decaying old industrial centres.

BUT

• Takes in the role of council estates in the suburbs.

• Notes the influence of environmental factors.

• Makes a model more specific to the UK .

Mann’s Model

Can we relate it to Ipswich?

Round-Up

• On a new piece of paper:

– Sketch either the multiple nuclei model or Mann’s model as best you can remember it.

– Write down the three points you think are the most important from this lesson.

– Write one thing you have learnt today that you did not know before

Hand this to me as you leave!