upper limb, brachial plexus

8/13/2019 Upper Limb, Brachial Plexus

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Upper LimbDr. Gamal Taha, Lecturer of Anatomy

BrachialPlexus


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Brachial Plexus

The brachial plexus is a somatic plexus

formed by the Ventral Ramiof C5to

C8, and Ventral Ramus of T1.

Its site :-

*It starts at theneck, passesInfrolateralyover 1strib, behindtheclavicle and then enters the axilla.


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The Parts Of Brachial

Plexus It s like a tree.

( how )!!!

Like that


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Roots

Trunks

Divisions

Branches

Cords


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So the parts of brachialplexus include :-

1. Roots

2. Trunks

3. Cords

4. Divisions

5. Branches


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Roots of brachial plexus :-

1. The Ventral rami of C5,C6,C7, C8 & T1

with a small contribution by vent. rami ofC4 & T2.

2. Trunks of brachial plexus :-a) Upper trunk: formed by union of vent.

rami of C5 & C6.b) Middle trunk: formed by vent. ramus of

C7 only.c) Lower trunk: formed by union of vent.

Rami of C8 & T1.

Parts of the BrachialPlexus


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Post-fixed Brachial Plexus


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3. Divisions of brachial plexus :-Each trunk divides into anterior and

posterior divisions.

4. Cords of brachial plexus :-a) Lateral cord: Formed by union of

anterior divisions of upper and middletrunks (C5, 6 & 7).

b) Medial cord: Formed by anteriordivision of lower trunk only (C8, T1).

c) Posterior cord: Formed by union ofposterior divisions of the 3 trunks (C 5, 6,

7, 8 &T1).



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I. Branches of the roots:-

a) Dorsal scapular nerve (C 5).

b) Long thoracic nerve (C5, 6, 7).

c) Branch to phrenic nerve from (C 5).

Parts of the Brachial

Plexus


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II. Branches from upper trunk :-

a) Suprascapular nerve (C 5, 6).

b) Nerve to subclavius (C 5, 6).

Parts of the Brachial

Plexus


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III. Branches of lateral cord:-a) Lateral pectoral nerve (C5, 6, 7).

b) Musculocutaneous nerve (C 5, 6, 7).c) Lateral root of median nerve (C 5, 6, 7).

IV. Branches of medial cord:-

a) Medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1).b) Medial cutaneous nerve of arm (C8, T1).c) Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm (C8,T1).d) Ulnar nerve (C7, C8, T1).e) Medial root of median nerve (C8, T1).



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V. Branches of posterior cord :-

a) Upper subscapular nerve (C5, 6).

b) Lower subscapular nerve (C 5, 6).

c) Thoracodorsal nerve (C6, 7, 8).

d) Axillary nerve (C 5, 6).

e) Radial nerve (C 5,6,7,8, T1).



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1) Root value of lateral cord& all its branchesisC5,6,7with NO EXCEPTION.

2) Root value of medial cord & all its branchesisC8 & T1with ONE EXCEPTION; Ulnar nerve;whose root value is C7,8 & T1.

3) Root value ofposterior cordbranches is C5,6

with TWO EXCEPTIONS :@ Thoracodorsal nerve; C6,7,8.

@ Radial nerve; C5,6,7,8 & T1.

4) Root value of upper trunk& its branchesis

C5,6.

*Things to Notice*


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**I t t R l ti f


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**Important Relations ofBrachial Plexus **

1. Roots & trunks : are in the neck. Rootsreceive grey rami communicans from sympatheticchain to provide them with sympathetic fibers.

2. Divisions : are present behind clavicle in thecervico-axillary canal (Apex of axilla ).

3. Cords :are related to 1st& 2ndparts of axillaryTerminal branches :

Median n.is lat. To 3rdpart of axillary A. Ulnar n. is med. To 3rdpart of axillary A.

Radial n. is post. To 3rdpart of axillary A.

Axillary n.is post. To 3rdpart of axillary A.

Musculocutaneous n.is lat. To 3rd

part of axillary A.


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M shapeformed by

1. Musculocutaneous

N.

2. Lat. & Med. Rootof median N. of

both lat. & med.Cords.

3. Ulnar N.

1

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upper limb, brachial plexus

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