Detailed Project Report - Intelligent Transport System & Ethanol Diesel - KSRTC, Mysore

Creating globally competitive technologies and managerial solutions to serve public road transport industry

Bhosari, Pune 411 026 Phone: +91 20 2712 5177 www.cirtindia.com

eGestalt Technologies Pvt Ltd 730, 1st Floor, Behind BDA Complex, 3rd Block, Koramangala 5600034 Phone: +91 80 25504285 www.eGestalt.com

Detailed Project Report Intelligent Transport System and ethanol Diesel

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Project TeamTeam Leader Team Members Support Consultants N. Ramasaamy, Faculty & Head - ITS G. Subhashini, Associate Faculty M.M. Pathak, Scientist Sharath Hangal, Sekar R, Principal Consultants, eGestalt Technologies Pvt Ltd

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Content indexProject Team..................................................................................................................................2 Content index ...............................................................................................................................3 Document History .........................................................................................................................8 Metadata.......................................................................................................................................9 Executive Summary....................................................................................................................10

B: Intelligent Transport System (ITS) & Environmental Project ............................. 15B-1. B-2. B-3. B-4. Overview of the project .......................................................................................................... 15 About Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC) ........................................ 16 Why Mysore City for the ITS project....................................................................................... 18 A backdrop of Mysore............................................................................................................. 20

B-4.1. General / Historical background......................................................................................... 20 B-4.2. Operational Characteristics of KSRTC in Mysore City...................................................... 22 B-4.3. Current Transport Scenario in Mysore................................................................................. 23 B-4.4. Stakeholder analysis............................................................................................................... 26 B-4.5. Existing urban transportation scenario and facilities available in the use of urban transport issues & challenges ............................................................................................ 28 B-4.6. User demand forecast........................................................................................................... 30 B-4.7. Integrated urban land use and transport planning ........................................................ 34 B-5. Worldwide experience of Real Time Passenger Information Systems............................ 42 B-5.1. International Literature survey of ITS studies and benefits .............................................. 42 B-5.2. Review of information services ............................................................................................ 44 B-5.3. Surveys and Experience ........................................................................................................ 45

C: Intelligent Transport System ................................................................................. 50C-1. Solution framework................................................................................................................... 50 C-1.1. Use of AVL to Improve Public Transport Service, Operations and Management ..... 50 C-1.2. New scenario with the induction of technology.............................................................. 53 C-2. Technical specifications.......................................................................................................... 54 C-2.1. Mapping product availability and their technical features with the functional requirements............................................................................................................................ 54 C-2.2. Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) & Tracking System ................................................... 54 C-2.3. Features of Proposed Solution (CCS).................................................................................. 58 C-2.4. Communication Sub-System................................................................................................ 61 C-2.5. Integration of ITS Components ............................................................................................ 63 C-2.6. Sample Reports ....................................................................................................................... 66 C-2.7. Scaling plans ........................................................................................................................... 67 C-3. Project Impact analysis ........................................................................................................... 67

C-3.1. Environmental Impacts.......................................................................................................... 67 C-3.2. Social Impacts......................................................................................................................... 68 C-3.3. Measures by KSRTC for providing more efficient and less polluting Public Transport:70

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Detailed Project Report Intelligent Transport System and ethanol DieselC-3.4. Expected measurable outcomes of the project ............................................................. 70

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D: Bio-Diesel ................................................................................................................ 74D-1. D-2. D-3. Need of the Project.................................................................................................................. 74 Mysore City environmental Scenario.................................................................................... 76 Ethanol & Diesel Blends: An Overview.................................................................................. 77 D-1.1. Energy Efficiency & Climate Change Considerations .................................................... 74

D-3.1. Ethanol- Diesel Blends............................................................................................................ 78 D-3.2. Benefits ..................................................................................................................................... 78 D-3.3. Engine Efficiency / Performance......................................................................................... 79 D-3.4. Engine & Materials Compatibility ........................................................................................ 79 D-3.5. Fuel Properties ......................................................................................................................... 79 D-4. D-5. Studies using E-Diesel across the world ................................................................................ 80 Social, environmental & economical Benefits.................................................................... 80

D-5.1. Safety Aspects in Ethanol-Diesel Blends:............................................................................ 81 D-5.2. Environmental Impact Assessment ..................................................................................... 82 D-5.3. Emission Benefits...................................................................................................................... 82 D-6. D-7. Ethanol: Supply Scenario in India .......................................................................................... 83 Ethanol Diesel Solution Framework .................................................................................... 85

D-7.1. Life Cycle Analysis (LCA)....................................................................................................... 86 D-7.2. Functional Specification of Stores ....................................................................................... 86 D-7.3. Environment Management .................................................................................................. 87 D-8. D-9. D-10. D-11. D-12. Cost Estimates & Funding Plans ............................................................................................. 87 Fund Flow Pattern:.................................................................................................................... 88 Economic and Financial Analysis.......................................................................................... 89 Procurement Plan and implementation process............................................................... 92 Environment & Social Issues.................................................................................................... 93

E: Overall Project Economic & Financial analysis ................................................ 94E-1. E-2. E-3. Summarized Fund Flow Statement for ITS & e-Diesel......................................................... 94 Analysis Objectives................................................................................................................... 95 Framework of analysis.............................................................................................................. 95 E-1.1. Fund Flow ................................................................................................................................. 94

E-3.1. Cost of the Project.................................................................................................................. 96 E-3.2. Benefits of the Project............................................................................................................ 97 E-3.3. EIRR & Scenario Analysis, and Conclusions on Project Viability .................................... 97 E-4. Data used and Assumptions in the EIRR Analysis ............................................................... 98 E-4.1. General Assumptions ............................................................................................................. 98 E-4.2. Data from KSRTC................................................................................................................... 102 E-4.3. Survey Data ........................................................................................................................... 103 E-5. Costs and Benefits of the Project ........................................................................................ 106 E-5.1. Capital Costs ......................................................................................................................... 106 E-5.2. Operating Costs.................................................................................................................... 107 E-5.3. Benefits Calculations............................................................................................................ 107 E-5.4. Advertisement Revenues .................................................................................................... 109

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Detailed Project Report Intelligent Transport System and ethanol DieselE-5.5. Advertisements in Bus Stops and Bus Terminus ............................................................... 110 E-5.6. Total Benefits.......................................................................................................................... 111 E-6. E-7. Rate of Return for the Project .............................................................................................. 112 Non-quantifiable Benefits of ITS ........................................................................................... 114 E-6.1. Over all Project Viability ...................................................................................................... 113

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F: Procurement Plan ............................................................................................... 117F-1.2. ITS Implementation agency ............................................................................................... 117 F-1.3. Project Management Agency .......................................................................................... 117 F-1.4. Bio-Diesel supply ................................................................................................................... 118 F-1.5. Finalization of Contracts...................................................................................................... 119

G: Project implementation plan ............................................................................ 120G-1.1. G-1.2. G-1.3. G-1.4. G-1.5. G-1.6. G-1.7. G-1.8. Internal management plan for ITS ............................................................................ 120 Project Implementation Unit (PIU) ............................................................................. 121 Project Management Agency (PMA) ...................................................................... 121 Project Deliverables Management........................................................................... 127 Project progress measurement and control ........................................................... 128 Project Implementation Vendor (PIV) ...................................................................... 129 Project Plan - Schedule, Milestone & Work Breakdown........................................ 130 Deliverables ................................................................................................................... 131

H: ITS Operational Plans .......................................................................................... 134H-1.1. Service Metrics ...................................................................................................................... 134 H-1.2. Maintenance Plan................................................................................................................ 135

I: Notes on queries raised...................................................................................... 137I-1.Intelligent Transport System ............................................................................................................. 137 I-1.1. Additional Comments from the Meeting on 16 December 2008 ............................... 141 I-2.Ethanol blended Diesel .................................................................................................................... 142

J: About CIRT, the consultants to KSRTC on the ITS and e-diesel project ...... 143J-1.1. Brief Profile.............................................................................................................................. 143 J-1.2. Areas of specialization ........................................................................................................ 143

K: Annexes ................................................................................................................ 145K-1. K-2. Annex -1 Survey Questionnaire of CIRT (July 4, 2008)................................................... 145 Annex 2: Budgetary Costs (quote of HP vide Section E-3 of the DPR)........................ 146

K-2.1. Capital Costs ......................................................................................................................... 146 K-2.2. Operating Costs.................................................................................................................... 148 K-3. K-4. K-5. K-6. Annex -3 Draft EOI for Project Management Agency ................................................. 149 Annex -4 - Draft Functional/Technical Specifications ..................................................... 149 Annex 5 - Bio-Diesel Tender ............................................................................................... 149 Annex 6 Ethanol Diesel systems ........................................................................................ 150

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Detailed Project Report Intelligent Transport System and ethanol Diesel List of FiguresFigure 1: Cultural capital of Karnataka - Mysore ............................................................................................. 20 Figure 2: Modal distribution of road users ........................................................................................................... 1 Figure 3: Population details - Mysore Dist 2001 census .................................................................................... 31 Figure 4: Mysore Road map ................................................................................................................................. 1 Figure 5: Mysore City Wards as of 2007 ............................................................................................................... 1 Figure 6: Mysore City Land use map 2011 .......................................................................................................... 1 Figure 7: ITS solution overview ............................................................................................................................ 50 Figure 8: Bus Stop after introduction of ITS ........................................................................................................ 53 Figure 10: Central Bus Terminal after introduction of ITS.................................................................................. 53 Figure 11: Regulated traffic after implementation of ITS................................................................................. 54 Figure 12: Logical components of ITS................................................................................................................ 56 Figure 13: ITS - Schematic model ....................................................................................................................... 58 Figure 14: Floor plan for Central Control Station - ITS Mysore............................................................................ 1 Figure 15: Display panel........................................................................................................................................ 1 Figure 16: Communication & Data Exchange ................................................................................................... 1 Figure 17: sub-system communication link ....................................................................................................... 64 Figure 18: Drop in PM emissions with the use of Ethanol ................................................................................. 75 Figure 19: Onsite tank to be installed at depots & computerized blending equipment ............................. 86 Figure 20 EIRR framework ................................................................................................................................... 96 Figure 21 Vehicular Population in Mysore....................................................................................................... 103 Figure 22 Sample Size in the CIRT Survey ........................................................................................................ 104 Figure 23: Target Population for Modal Shift................................................................................................... 105 Figure 24: Net benefits of the project.................................................................................................................. 1 Figure 25: PM - right sizing of project personnel ................................................................................................. 1 Figure 26: PMA appointment ............................................................................................................................... 1 Figure 27: Project preparation ............................................................................................................................. 1 Figure 28: PM - Core and facilitating processes................................................................................................. 1 Figure 29: Project Plan execution ........................................................................................................................ 1 Figure 30: PM measurement & control................................................................................................................ 1 Figure 31 : Assembled Cast Filler Neck with Flame Arrestor .......................................................................... 150 Figure 32 : Assembled Cast Filler Neck With Flame Arrestor.......................................................................... 150 Figure 33 : Assembled Rolled Filler Neck with Flame Arrestor ....................................................................... 151 Figure 34 : Assembled Rolled Filler Neck With Flame Arrestor....................................................................... 151

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List of TablesTable 1: Document History ................................................................................................................................... 8 Table 2: Document metadata............................................................................................................................. 9 Table 3 Summary of project costs - ITS & bio-Diesel......................................................................................... 13 Table 4: Activities and Roles in bus transport at Mysore.................................................................................. 23 Table 5: Ward Numbers & Corridors in Mysore ................................................................................................. 23 Table 6: Vehicular growth in Mysore ................................................................................................................. 24 Table 7: Average Trip length of vehicles........................................................................................................... 25 Table 8: Extent of willingness to shift to public transport.................................................................................. 25 Table 9: Major Roads in Mysore ......................................................................................................................... 28 Table 10: Percapita trip per day........................................................................................................................ 30 Table 11: Nature of trips ...................................................................................................................................... 30 Table 12: Operational performance of KSRTC during 2004-08 ....................................................................... 31 Table 13: User demand forecast - 2011 ............................................................................................................ 32 Table 14: Growth projection of vehicle population in Mysore by 2011 ......................................................... 32 Table 15: Land use pattern in Mysore ............................................................................................................... 34 Table 16: Feature index for commuters ............................................................................................................ 42

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Detailed Project Report Intelligent Transport System and ethanol DieselTable 17: GSM/GPRS specifications................................................................................................................... 54 Table 18: GPS specifications .............................................................................................................................. 55 Table 19: Environmental specifications............................................................................................................. 55 Table 20: Servers and accessories ..................................................................................................................... 59 Table 21: Sample Daily report ............................................................................................................................ 66 Table 22: Sample Bus stops skipped report....................................................................................................... 66 Table 23: Daily speed violation report............................................................................................................... 66 Table 24: Daily Driver Duty Performance report............................................................................................... 66 Table 25: Daily out-shedding deviation report................................................................................................. 67 Table 26: Daily improper stopping report ......................................................................................................... 67 Table 27: Daily Missed Trips report ..................................................................................................................... 67 Table 28: Measurable outcomes for project evaluation................................................................................. 71 Table 29: Measures of effectiveness within each goal area .......................................................................... 72 Table 30: Comparative analysis of various parameters for CNG & e-Diesel................................................. 78 Table 31: Emission factors ................................................................................................................................... 83 Table 32: Deterioration factors ........................................................................................................................... 83

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Table 33: Working emission inventory................................................................................................................ 83 Table 34: 1 - Assumptions for working out the EIRR .......................................................................................... 88 Table 35 Emissions load from Bus without the Project...................................................................................... 88 Table 36 Emissions Load from bus with the Ethanol mix .................................................................................. 88 Table 37 Accessories that are to be Placed on Vehicles ............................................................................... 88 Table 38: Schedule for financial contribution and sources for eDiesel.......................................................... 88 Table 39 Base Rolling Stock used for the EIRR................................................................................................... 89 Table 40 Cost of Diesel Without the Project...................................................................................................... 89 Table 41 Savings with the use of Bio Diesel....................................................................................................... 91 Table 42 Savings Due to Reductions in Pollution load..................................................................................... 92 Table 43 Capital and Capex Replacement..................................................................................................... 92 Table 44: Extent of World Bank grant ................................................................................................................ 94 Table 45: Capital flow for ITS and environmental project ............................................................................... 95 Table 46: Overview of capital and operating costs ........................................................................................ 98 Table 47 Overall Infrastructure at KSRTC relevant to the project ................................................................. 102 Table 48 Break-up of urban and Suburban Operating Data ....................................................................... 102 Table 49 Vehicular Population of Mysore ....................................................................................................... 103 Table 50 Survey Data - Mode of Transport of Non-Commuters in Mysore .................................................. 103 Table 51 Percentage of Two Wheelers who would be willing to shift .......................................................... 104 Table 52 Total target population for shifting to ITS bus .................................................................................. 105 Table 53 Assumed shift pattern of prospective target customers................................................................ 105 Table 54 - Number of Increased Buses, Bus stops and Bus Terminus in the 1, 2 & 3 year ........................... 106 Table 55: Capital and Capital Replacement costs for the Project (in Rs. Lakhs) ....................................... 106 Table 57: Revenues from Modal Shift 2 Wheelers in Rs. Lakhs....................................................................... 108 Table 58: Revenues from Modal Shift 3 Wheelers .......................................................................................... 108 Table 59: Revenues from Modal Shift 4 Wheelers .......................................................................................... 109 Table 61 Bus Capacity Split, Advertisement Rates and Actual Number of Buses ...................................... 109 Table 62 Capacity Utilization of Buses for advertisements ............................................................................ 110 Table 63: Revenue from In-Bus Advertisement (in Rs. Lakhs) ........................................................................ 110 Table 64 Advertisement Rates at Bus stops and Terminus............................................................................. 111 Table 65: Revenues from Advertisement in Bus Stop and Bus Terminus (in Rs. Lakhs) ................................ 111 Table 66: Total Benefits from the ITS project (in Rs. Lakhs)............................................................................. 111 Table 67: Net Benefits of the Project (in Rs. Lakhs)......................................................................................... 112 Table 68 EIRR and NPV of the project ............................................................................................................. 113 Table 69: Potential benefits from technology infusion................................................................................... 115 Table 70: 6-Q Framework.................................................................................................................................. 122 Table 71: Project Plan ....................................................................................................................................... 130

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Detailed Project Report Intelligent Transport System and ethanol DieselTable 72: Project Plan - Gantt chart ................................................................................................................ 130 Table 73: Service Metrics .................................................................................................................................. 134 Table 74: Project Data ...................................................................................................................................... 137 Table 75: BoM - Central Station ....................................................................................................................... 146 Table 76: BoM - VMU & SW ............................................................................................................................... 147 Table 77: BoM - Display Units ............................................................................................................................ 147 Table 78: GIS specifications.............................................................................................................................. 147 Table 79: Depot infrastructure requirements .................................................................................................. 148 Table 80: Opex - Communication ................................................................................................................... 148 Table 81: Communication costs of data links at the central station ........................................................... 148 Table 82: Facilities management costs & AMC ............................................................................................. 148 Table 83: Maintenance of depot infrastructure costs ................................................................................... 149

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Document HistoryTable 1: Document History Date 15-Jul-2008 14-Dec-2008 Version 1.0.0 2.0.0 Description ITS Detailed Project Report ITS Detailed Project Report Authors Ramasaamy N, Subhashini G CIRT Ramamurthy, KSRTC Sharath Hangal, Sekar R, eGestalt Technologies Pvt Ltd, Bangalore Pathak, CIRT Ramamurthy, KSRTC Sharath Hangal, Sekar R, eGestalt Technologies Pvt Ltd, Bangalore

02-Jan-09

3.0.0

ITS Detailed Project Report

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Detailed Project Report Intelligent Transport System and ethanol Diesel Metadata

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Table 2: Document metadata

Title

Detailed Project Report for implementing Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) and ethanol diesel KSRTC, Mysore DPR - Intelligent Transport System (ITS), Issues, options, challenges & recommendations, project implementation Technical specifications and solution mapping, Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL), Vehicle Mounted Unit, Passenger Information System, GPS, Central Command Station, KSRTC, In-vehicle services, display units, Technology roadmap and scaling plans, ethanol diesel, financial analysis, project viability, budgets, capital and operational costs, Project implementation plan, operational plans

Subject & Keywords

Source Description

KSRTC, CIRT, eGestalt This document is a detailed Project Report for developing and implementing Intelligent Transport System and ethanol diesel at Mysore. Mysore region Detailed Project Report RFP / procurement documents CIRT / eGestalt KSRTC, eGestalt Technologies CIRT Private until published by CIRT English MS word 2007 2009-01-28 CIRT/ITS-eDiesel-Mysore/2009/4.0.0

Coverage Type Relation Creator Contributor Publisher Rights Language Format Date Identifier

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Executive SummaryPublic transport should always be the hallmark of a good transportation system for a city, especially for a city like Mysore, which is earmarked as the Heritage City, as it provides good impetus to the tourist population. The role of public transport is vital, particularly to reduce the use of personalized transport. The Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC) is the major inter-city and intra-city service provider in Mysore. KSRTC provides services to about 179,000 commuters per day by city services and about 128,000 by mofussil services.

This document is a Detailed Project Report that will facilitate KSRTC Management to take the next steps in finalizing the Request for Proposal specifications covering the functional, technical, operational specifications including detailed definition of various service level metrics. This Detailed Project Report also covers the estimated cost of implementing the system with scope for expansion as the number of buses, routes and commuters increases.

This project addresses two critical components: a) Intelligent Transport system (ITS) Building intelligence into the transport system brings in the convergence of technologies providing a synergetic transformation in the commuter experience. ITS provides benefits in terms of Reduce waiting time and uncertainty, Increase the accessibility of the system, Increase the safety of users, Reduce the fuel consumption and emissions, Reduce the operational costs, Improve traffic efficiency, Reduce traffic congestion, Improve environmental quality and energy efficiency, Improve economic productivity.

The proposed ITS project implementation will include core components such as: Vehicle Tracking System, Real Time Passenger Information System and Central Control Station. Core technologies include Geographical Positioning System (GPS), Electronic Display Systems, and Information & Communication Technologies.

b)

Ethanol blended diesel (e-diesel) Ethanol blended diesel (e-diesel) is a cleaner burning alternative to regular diesel for heavy-duty (HD) compression ignition (CI) engines used in buses. The introduction of use of alternative fuel such as E-diesel for the fleet of Karnataka SRTC buses plying in Mysore region would certainly result in fewer emissions. Use of renewable fuel (Ethanol) will also help to reduce fossil energy consumption and achieve the energy savings.

Intelligent Transport SystemThe Intelligent Transport System Project to be implemented at Mysore addresses the critical issue of road congestion by offering state-of-art technologies and attractive, convenient, comfortable, value added services to encourage the usage of bus services against individual personal vehicles. Mysore has been chosen since it is a potent place given its historical background, tourist activities, and a high growth rate in traffic density, medium city size making the project affordable, and a projected 70% increase in the land use profile. Also, Mysore city, with all the modern infrastructural amenities, offers several opportunities to

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Detailed Project Report Intelligent Transport System and ethanol Dieselthe people to earn their livelihood thus attracting several people from other states for employment thus increasing the population of the city manifold in the near future. KSRTC currently operates about 4217 trips in Mysore through 282 schedules from 2 depots on 185 routes with a fleet strength of 258 resulting in 1.79 lakh passenger trips per day with a load factor of 72.8% and 555,475 effective kilometres per day. The modal split figures for Mysore city indicate that the share of trips performed by public transport is only 13%, which can still be increased, as the proportion of walk and two-wheeler trips is high.

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Significant modal shift is needed to deliver national and international sustainable development aims for a strong economy, an inclusive society and a clean environment. A significant trend amongst many urban road users is a willingness to use the public transport in the face of increasing traffic congestion and increasing road-rage behaviour on the roads. With the rising cost of fuel, many would shift to the public transport on cost considerations. For some, time is of the essence and a modal shift will occur only if the new mode offers time improvements, while for others it is mostly a matter of costs. KSRTC aims to bring about this modal shift in the city of Mysore by improving the perceived image of KSRTC services.

From results of the stated preference survey conducted by the consultants, it was found that almost 89% of the sample population was willing to shift to public transport provided KSRTC operates reliable services through the introduction of ITS. This further translates to 17.66% of the two-wheeler users for transport shifting to the use of buses.

The requirements of various stakeholders have been factored into the study driving the recommendations contained in this report. The overall scope of the implementation will consist of design, development, testing, installation, commissioning, training, operations, and management of facilities for a period of three years by the winning bidder. This project is planned to cover 500 Buses, 80 Bus Stops and 2 Bus Terminals having the components of Vehicle Tracking System, Central Control Station, Passenger Information Management System, Communication Sub System, Travel Demand Management, Incident and Emergency Management System, Operational and Maintenance Specification and Fleet Management System.

ITS will cover core systems such as Vehicle Tracking System, Real Time Passenger Information System and Central Control Station. Core technologies include Geographical Positioning System (GPS), Electronic Display Systems, and Information & Communication Technologies.

It is expected to recover the total project cost within a span of three years. Additional revenue sources such as Advertising on the Bus body, inside the buses, Online Advertising, Subscriptions have also been identified. The costs of the Project is Rs.19.13crores that covers the capital costs and three years operating costs with a project contingency of 5%

Innovative Environment ProjectPromoting clean environment with the usage of low emission buses for Public transport and reducing the use of fossil fuels to achieve energy savings have gained utmost importance in the recent years. The introduction of KSRTC buses operating on Diesel blended with ethanol

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Detailed Project Report Intelligent Transport System and ethanol Dieselfuel for Mysore (Innovative environmental project for Mysore City) would certainly be a vital step towards this endeavour. Green House Gas (GHG) emissions across the globe are increasing most rapidly in the transportation sector. A major issue of global concern at present is the increasing contribution of the transport sector to carbon dioxide (CO2)the main greenhouse gas (GHG) produced from the use of fossil fuelsand its consequences on global warming and climate change. The use of Diesel blended with ethanol fuel would not only reduce GHG (CO2) emissions but would also significantly reduce levels of other harmful pollutants emitted by Diesel Buses.

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The technical troubles observed during the initial years with regard to ethanol-diesel blends can now be overcome by using a solubiliser for blends and flame arrestors in diesel tanks of buses. The blending of Ethanol and Diesel by an electronic on-site blending equipment and innovative additive technology is now possible. This creates a stable clear solution of ethanol and diesel ready for use in diesel engines. The necessary infrastructure changes such as installation of Ethanol storage tanks & Computerized Blending Equipments at Depots at Mysore and fitment of Flame Arrestors for Diesel Tanks of Buses would require to be carried out.

For reasons of fuel efficiency, emissions performance, and economics, a 7.7 vol% fuel ethanol blend can be utilized for maximum benefits. The advantages of usage of Ethanol diesel blends with solubiliser also include Enhanced lubricity, Added Cetane, Improved corrosion resistance, excellent response and power, increased life of engine and other components and increased life of engine oil. The development of bio fuels (Ethanol) is also likely to have significant social impacts, including job creation (quality and permanence), social responsibility and social equity, including issues such as wealth distribution to rural communities. The rural poor in India who are mainly farmers involved with agricultural production are likely to gain from the development of Ethanol fuel.

The Economic gains associated with the introduction of Ethanol-Diesel blends for buses would also be significant. The total savings across fleet of Mysore / annum would be to the tune Rs 27.10 million at current prices over a three year period with the total project cost of Rs. 35.7 lakhs.

Project implementationKSRTC has set up an apex level Programme Implementation Unit (PIU) to ensure the overall progress of the project and to interface with the World Bank in submitting periodic progress report. Vice-Chairman and Managing Director, KSRTC should nominate the Chairman of the Committee. This committee needs to have Finance, Stores, Engineering, Civil & Electrical and IT department representatives to ensure that decisions are taken in consultation with the key departments, which would in turn be influenced by the new system in the work processes.

To ensure professional management of the project it is recommended that the Project management be outsourced to a professional agency identified by KSRTC (Project Management Agency PMA) in order to manage integration, scope, time, cost, quality, human resources, communications, risk and procurement covering the key project phases of initiating, planning, executing, controlling, and closing.

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Detailed Project Report Intelligent Transport System and ethanol DieselA Project Evaluation Agency (PEA) selected as an external third party agency should undertake pre-and post-implementation studies to monitor the impact of the project socio, economic, environmental perspective as this project would be a good opportunity for assessing the benefits of implementing an innovative project such as the ITS, a pioneering kind to state.

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In addition to the Project Management Agency (PMA) being set up, the Project Implementation Vendor also needs to set up their own project monitoring mechanisms and report to the Project Monitoring Agency for which the PMA should provide the necessary templates.

ProcurementKSRTC will float tenders for global participation based on World Bank guidelines. The bid process including the Functional, Technical, general instructions & commercial details and the legal contracts have been detailed in the Request for Proposal (RFP). The tender procurement norms furnished in the RFP are to be adopted for the selection of vendor for implementation of the project and as well as Operations & Maintenance of the project.

Project Cost SummaryKSRTC plans to source funds from the MoUD, GoI under the GEF SUTP to implement ITS and E-Diesel projects, in consistent with the GEF SUTP objectives. The total cost of the project for the introduction of real time passenger information system and the use of e-diesel (Ethanol-diesel blend) for Karnataka SRTC buses plying in Mysore is around Rs. 22.7 crores. Of the total project cost, 35% is to be borne by GEF Funding and 52% is to be borne by the Government of India. The State Government of Karnataka and Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation are to equally bear the balance 13%.

The fund flow statement prepared accordingly stipulates that around 73% of the total project cost is to be released during the first year, 9% in the second year and 18% in third year. The summarised project cost for ITS and Innovative Environment Project for KSRTC, Mysore is tabulated below:

From EIRR perspective there is an estimated 24% return in 15 years, 22% in 10 years and 18% in six years.Table 3 Summary of project costs - ITS & bio-Diesel With Contingency of 5%

Project Item ITS Procurement Capital Costs Operating Costs Subtotal ITS Year wise Bio Fuel Procurement Capital Costs Operating costs Total Costs Year wise

Year 1

Year 2

Year 3

Total

1,006.92 249.74 1,256.66

26.07 252.85 278.92

29.89 256.46 286.35

1,062.88 759.05 1,821.93

1913

296.02 0.00 296.02

20.95 0.00 20.95

23.05 0.00 23.05

340.02

340.02 2,161.95

357 2270

Total of Both Projects

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Acknowledgement: CIRT & their support consultant eGestalt wish to thank KSRTC officials who have furnished data for this report, and to a number of persons within CIRT and outside who have helped in developing this Detailed Project Report.

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B:B-1.

Intelligent Transport System (ITS) & Environmental ProjectOverview of the projectPublic transport should always be the hallmark of a good transportation system for a city, especially for a city like Mysore, which is earmarked as the Heritage City, as it provides good impetus to the tourist population. The role of public transport is vital, particularly to reduce the use of personalized transport. The Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC) is the major inter-city and intra-city service provider in Mysore. KSRTC provides services to about 179,000 commuters per day by city services and about 128,000 by mofussil services.

This project addresses two critical components: a) Intelligent Transport system (ITS) Building intelligence into the transport system brings in the convergence of technologies providing a synergetic transformation in the commuter experience. ITS provides benefits in terms of Reduce waiting time and uncertainty, Increase the accessibility of the system, Increase the safety of users, Reduce the fuel consumption and emissions, Reduce the operational costs, Improve traffic efficiency, Reduce traffic congestion, Improve environmental quality and energy efficiency, Improve economic productivity.

The ITS will encourage use of public transport and reduce the use of personal vehicles. This significantly contributes to saving the environment from heavy vehicle pollution and reducing congestion on city roads. The number of sub-systems under ITS covers vehicle-to-vehicle communications, collision avoidance and crash detection system, monitoring traffic and controlling signal lights, electronic and speed limit signs, reversible lanes and other road safety components. ITS technology framework includes wireless communication, sensing technologies, inductive loop detection, video vehicle detection and electronic toll collection. The possibilities are enormous, KSRTC proposes to lay the foundation by implementing ITS to provide dynamic information of the bus routes, ETA/ETD, improve efficiency in transport management, and lower the pollution levels.

The proposed ITS project implementation will include core components such as: Vehicle Tracking System, Real Time Passenger Information System and Central Control Station. Core technologies include Geographical Positioning System (GPS), Electronic Display Systems, and Information & Communication Technologies.

b)

Ethanol blended diesel (e-diesel) Ethanol blended diesel (e-diesel) is a cleaner burning alternative to regular diesel for heavy-duty (HD) compression ignition (CI) engines used in buses. The introduction of use of alternative fuel such as E-diesel for the fleet of Karnataka SRTC buses plying in Mysore region would certainly result in fewer emissions. Use of renewable fuel (Ethanol) will also help to reduce fossil energy consumption and achieve the energy savings.

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Detailed Project Report Intelligent Transport System and ethanol DieselOne of the most daunting problems faced by the cities in the country is that urban transport failed to provide facilities thus increasing travel time and cost both for passenger and goods traffic.

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It is now well accepted that lack of adequate public transport offering comfort and convenience, has resulted in steep increase in the ownership of private vehicles particularly two wheelers with subsequent effects on pollution, both noise and air. In most cities two wheelers comprise more than 70% of total motor vehicles.

KSRTC plans to source funds from the MoUD, GoI under the GEF SUTP to implement ITS project, in consistent with the GFE SUTP objectives. As a first step, preparation of a Detailed Project Report (DPR) on ITS for KSRTC Mysore limits its scope primarily to Passenger Information System and including certain core components has been assigned to CIRT, Pune, who will act as consultant to the project.

This document is a detailed Project Report (DPR) for implementing an Intelligent Transport System and increased use of e-diesel (Ethanol-diesel blend) for Karnataka SRTC buses plying in Mysore.

A Detailed Project Report will facilitate KSRTC Management to take the next steps of developing the Request for Proposal specifications covering the functional, technical, operational specifications including detailed definition of various service level metrics. This DPR also covers the estimated cost of implementing the system with scope for expansion as the number of buses, routes and commuters increases.

KSRTC proposes to implement the system through established bid process following the World Bank guidelines for identification and deployment through a system integrator.

B-2.

About Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC)Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC), the implementing agency, was established in August 1961 under the provisions of the Road Transport Corporation Act 1950 with the objective of providing adequate, efficient, economic and properly coordinated road transport services. Three Corporations viz., BMTC, Bangalore from 15-08-1997, NWKRTC, Hubli from 01-11-1997 and NEKRTC, Gulbarga from 01-10-2000 were formed out, on a regional basis, with KSRTC doing operations covering Southern Karnataka and interstate areas.

KSRTC operates its services to all villages in the State, which have motorable roads. 92% of the villages in monopoly area (6743 out of 7298) and 44% in non-monopoly area (5158 out of 11789) have been provided with transport facility by KSRTC. At present it has one corporate office, 13 divisional offices, 62 depots, 114 bus stations, 2 bus bodybuilding workshops,1 printing press, 3 training Institutes and 1 hospital. It operates 6189 schedules with 6830 vehicles (including 103 hired private vehicles) covering 21.86 lakh Kms. and carries on an average 24.5 lakh passengers daily. About 30,318 employees are working in the Corporation.

The ITS Project is proposed to be implemented at Mysore; the city located in the southern part of Deccan Plateau is a potent place, given its historical background and a salubrious climate for tourism. KSRTC services in Mysore cater to the population of the city which is over 2.2 million.

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Detailed Project Report Intelligent Transport System and ethanol DieselThe total area of Mysore city as per MUDA is expected to increase from 9221 hectares (2001) to 15,669 hectares by 2011, representing a significant increase of around 70%. It is observed that the number of vehicles increased almost 25 times to 145,000 in 1996 from around 6,000 in 1970.

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The network of roads and streets in Mysore follows a hub and spoke mechanism with arterial roads originating from the centre of the city. Arterial roads start from the Palace area and run radially leading to towns and cities outside. This arrangement also means that all commercial activities converge to the centre of the city causing congestion.

It is estimated that about 5.7 lakh passenger trips are generated each day within the urban limits, with home-based trips (to & fro) constituting nearly 50%, followed by home-to-work which is 23.2% and home to educational institutions factoring 19.5%.

1.

Vision of KSRTC

KSRTC proposes to improve its capability in managing the entire public transport system in Mysore more efficiently, safely and be more Commuter and environmental friendly. This can be achieved by introducing real time communication interlinked with buses, passengers (invehicle, bus stations and bus-stands) and KSRTC Management by implementing intelligent transport system.

The core objectives include: a) Providing effective, safe, environmental and commuter friendly solutions to the travelling public who use KSRTC buses. Track and monitor the movement of buses on real time basis to enable communication of the arrival timings of buses at the bus stops through state of the art GPS/GPRS technologies. Inform commuters about the bus routes and arrival timings of buses at the bus stops/terminals through LED Display systems. Effective management through a Decision Support system by collecting, collating and storing information on real time basis about the transport system and its effectiveness using communication technology. Instant access to information related to bus schedules, ETA, ETD, annunciating bust stop names, fare details, etc at bus stops, bus terminals and within the buses and through SMS, Internet and IVRS. Issuing of Passes Daily, Weekly, Monthly for commuters and examine e-purse facilities through Smart Cards for introduction later Facilitate timely management of Incidents/Accidents Establish meaningful instant two-way interaction facility between Driver and central control station. Obtaining on-line real time information on bus operations and management Effective monitoring of break downs and the related information Effective diversion of traffic in case of emergency Monitoring accidents and the related aspectsPage 17 of 152

b)

c)

d)

e)

f)

g) h)

i) j) k) l)

Detailed Project Report Intelligent Transport System and ethanol Diesel B-3. Why Mysore City for the ITS projectWorldwide there have been significant efforts in the development of efficient, transparent and environmental friendly public Transport solutions resulting in growth of economies and transport.

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In India we are just beginning to understand the need for ITS solution and we do not have a working model which can be used for case study. KSRTC initiative will be one of the first in the country. Hence this project has been undertaken as a pilot project to become a model / case study for other projects.

There are challenges in implementing an effective and Intelligent Transport System a) Sustainable transport is not just a case of increasing the infrastructure available; it is also a question of maximizing the use of existing infrastructure and of maximizing the efficiency and interoperability of all transport assets. Implementing ITS solutions gets more and more complex based on the size of the transport network to be addressed and the size of the city and intricacies of traffic conditions. Changing the traditional ground transportation scheme to a fully automated and intelligent transportation network is a substantial upgrade of the scheme. Apparently the main problems that are hampering this upgrading to materialize are not just technological limits, but cultural, conceptual, social, emotional, political and economical hurdles. The bigger the city the more complex this becomes.

b)

c)

The cost of implementing ITS solution is primarily related to the size of the city. Hence a smaller city with a smaller fleet of public transport is ideal for a pilot project.

Considering these challenges, Mysore city offers us the best option for the following reasons: It is easier to evaluate a project of smaller size city due to lesser complexities in the project parameters. Other cities like Bangalore are very large in size with a lot of limitations and will require networking with many agencies which will render the project unviable for the time being. The cost of implementing ITS project in Bangalore will be substantially higher. It is assumed to be wiser to implement a project at Mysore and learn lessons coming out of the project successfully implemented.

Mysore is a tourist centre and needs to be a model city to provide international standard facilities for local public transport. This will improve the inflow of tourist and also give a good image of our state. The city is a medium sized city thereby making the investments to be made for pilot project affordable. The city is experiencing a high rate of growth in traffic density. The city located in the southern part of Deccan Plateau is potent place, given its historical background and a salubrious climate. KSRTC services in Mysore cater to the population of the city which is over 2.2 million. It is estimated that about 5.7 Lakhs passenger trips are generated each day within the urban limits, with home-based trips (to & fro) constituting nearly 50% , followed by Home-to-work which is 23.2% and home to educational institutions factoring in 19.5%.

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Detailed Project Report Intelligent Transport System and ethanol DieselIt is observed that the number of vehicles increased almost 25 times to 145,000 in 1996 from around 6,000 in 1970. The total area for Mysore city as per MUDA is expected to increase from 9221 hectares (2001) to 15,669 hectares by 2011, representing a significant increase of around 70 %. There is a lot of other concurrent projects being undertaken /proposed for Mysore city in terms of road up-gradation, new road networks, ring roads etc which will necessitate new Public Transport Support thereby increasing the Transport network and schedules. The funds available for the project will match the project cost for implementation in a city of the size and infrastructure availability such as Mysore. Mysore as location for ITS implementation Enhancing the glory of Mysore, and enabling it to forge ahead as the cultural, tourism, educational, and wellness hub is the vision of Mysore. The Principal Secretary, Department of Industries and Commerce, has said that Mysore is all set to witness rapid industrialization with the Government sanctioning 55 medium- and large-scale industries, which will create 60,000 jobs over the next few years.

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The Government of Karnataka is promoting Mysore as an alternative destination for the Information Technology (IT) industry and developing it as a counter magnet city to Bangalore. As a result the city has become a new haven for the IT and Information Technology Enabled Services (ITeS) industry and is poised to play bigger role in the economy of the city. This is apparent from the fact that the software exports from the city grew at 26.8% to reach Rs.392 crores, in the year 2005-06. As the divisional headquarters of Mysore Division and as the Railway Junction, railways are the other major employer in Mysore.

The Government has cleared 55 industries under the single-window agency scheme for Mysore. This envisages an investment of Rs. 9,462 crores. With the State Government marketing Mysore as a potential destination for investment in the manufacturing and services sector, the Karnataka Industrial Area Development Board (KIADB) is in the process of acquiring 3,872 acres of land to open 1,000 industrial units in and around Mysore.

Besides, the 154 acres of land being acquired for the airport at Mandakalli near here, KIADB is also acquiring 257 acres of land for a textile park at Kadakola, 658 acres of land at Hootagalli, 500 acres of land at Anchya, besides 1,500 acres of land at Thandya in Nanjangud.

Improvements in infrastructure, like doubling of Railway tracks, completion of the four lane State-highway, the Bangalore - Mysore Infrastructure Corridor (BMIC) between Mysore and Bangalore, up gradation and expansion of the Mysore Airport will bring significant growth to the economy of Mysore. The congestion in Bangalore, as well as its proximity, is having a push effect on IT/ITeS industry to Mysore. The citys share in the State GDP at 7.09% (1996-97), has exhibited a marginal increase over the figure of 6.63 % (1980- 81). However, with the IT companies establishing their bases in Mysore in the recent years, the citys share in the state GDP is expected to improve. The population of Mysore, which was around 8 Lakhs in 2000, is projected to touch 25 Lakh by 2030.

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Detailed Project Report Intelligent Transport System and ethanol DieselLearning from the examples of other cities where traffic congestion has been a major factor, Mysore proposes to build on these learning, while the economy is poised to grow significantly, through proactive planning and providing state of the art infrastructure that would attract citizens to adopt the public transport system as the first choice of travel, helping to reduce the use of personal vehicles commuting to work, pleasure, social visit, or for commerce.

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B-4.B-4.1.

A backdrop of MysoreGeneral / Historical backgroundCultural capital of Karnataka, Mysore is a majestic, mysterious and mesmerising city. It has inherited all Indian traditions with modernity. Mysore has a number of historical and heritage buildings.

Figure 1: Cultural capital of Karnataka - Mysore

The earliest mention of Mysore can be traced back to the days of King Ashok, back in time around 245 B.C. However, it is only from the 10th Century that a proper and consistent line of history of Mysore can be traced. History of Mysore points out that it was in 1399 A.D that the Yadu dynasty came to power in Mysore. From the year 1761 to 1799 Mysore was ruled by Hyder Ali and his son Tippu Sultan. Mysore remained the second most important city till the death of Tippu Sultan. As Mysore went under the control of the Britishers, they placed a Prince Krishnaraja Wodeyar on the throne of Mysore and Mysore was once again made the capital in the year 1881. The city started to grow from time to time. Chamarajendra Wodeyar was the next king who ruled for 13 long years.

The civic administration of the city is managed by the Mysore City Corporation, which was established as a municipality in 1888 and later converted into a corporation in 1977. The corporation oversees the engineering works, health, sanitation, water supply, administration and taxation in the city. It is headed by a mayor who is assisted by commissioners and council members. The city is divided into 65 wards and the council members (Corporations) are elected by the citizens of Mysore every five years. The council members in turn elect the mayor.

The growth and expansion of the city is managed by the Mysore Urban Development Authority (MUDA), which is headed by a commissioner. Its activities include developing new layouts and roads, town planning and land acquisition. One of the major projects recently undertaken by MUDA is the creation of an Outer Ring Road in Mysore, which is expected to ease traffic congestion.

1.

Location, Climate, physical setting, regional linkagesPage 20 of 152

Detailed Project Report Intelligent Transport System and ethanol DieselMysore city is geographically located between 12 18'' 26 North Latitude and 76 38' 59'' East Longitude. It is located at an altitude of 2,427 feet. It encompasses an area of 6,268 sq. km. It enjoys a pleasant climate, the temperature varying between 19 C and 30 C. The weather of Mysore is pleasant throughout the year. As Mysore city is located in the tropics, it enjoys a moderate climate.

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Mysore city is located in the southern part of the Deccan Plateau. It is a beautiful land bordered by luxuriant forests. It is located 140 Kms from the city of gardens, Bangalore. Mysore is an important railway junction for the district. It is connected to Bangalore, which lies to its northeast via Mandya, the rail junction at Hassan is situated to the northwest, and Chamarajanagar via Nanjangud to the southeast. Infrastructure of Mysore comprises of a wide gamut of civic amenities such as sanitation, solid waste management, water supply as well as transport network. The governing authorities of Mysore are taking major initiatives to further develop the state of infrastructural facilities in the city.

Bangalore is the nearest airport of Mysore. Mandakalli is the proposed place where the airport with two runways is to be built in Mysore. As per the government declaration, the airport of Mysore will start functioning by the year 2009. The road infrastructure of Mysore is quite developed and links the place with Bangalore. Since Bangalore is one of the popular and easily reachable cities of India one can conveniently reach Mysore. The frequency of buses that ply from Bangalore to Mysore is quite good and tourists can also enjoy the scenic pleasures of the surroundings while taking a bus ride.

The railway infrastructure of Mysore provides regular train services from Bangalore to the place and vice versa. The closest airport to Mysore is in Bangalore which is at a distance of around 140 km. In recent times Mysore has been transformed into a pioneer of wireless communication technology through the Wi-Fi system. Today, not only tourists but also IT professionals visit Mysore in large numbers.The advent of Wi-Fi in Mysore has literally transformed the city into one of the advanced IT zones of the world. As a result of the Wi-Fi revolution in Mysore, the city gained a complete infrastructure of wireless communication system. A company called WiFi Net installed three towers in Mysore city with a total investment of 60 Lakhs. This in turn led to the activation of the wireless process in Mysore. Ever since the Wi-Fi technology came into Mysore various corporate organizations and individuals are opting for its facilities. There is no denying the fact that Wi-Fi in Mysore has provided a major boost to the complete IT industry of Karnataka as a whole.

2.

Demographic and socio economic profile:

The total population of Mysore is about 2.28 million. There are people from various cultural backgrounds gathering in the city due to the recent development of flourishing IT industry. Thus the population of Mysore is a combination of traditional locals and modern tech savvy youth gathering here for work from different corners of India. Most commonly, the people of Mysore speak both Kannada and English. Tamil and Hindi are the other two popular languages in Mysore.

The Population of Mysore city comprises of 7.8 lakh urbanites. One of the prominent cities of Karnataka, Mysore is a burgeoning industrial center and tourism hub of South India. Mysore has a total male population of 399,904 and female population of 385,896 as per the census data of 2001. The gender ratio of Mysore is 965 females per 1000 males. The urban

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Detailed Project Report Intelligent Transport System and ethanol Dieselpopulation of Mysore comprises of mostly literates who are engaged in important government and private commercial establishments and administrative offices. The population density of Mysore is 6223.55 persons per square kilometre. The literacy rate of the city is 82.8%, which is much higher than the state's average of 67%. Nineteen percent of the population in Mysore live below the poverty line and 8.95% of the population live in slums. Though 35.7% of the population living in urban areas of Karnataka are workers, only 33.3% of the population in Mysore city belong to the working class. People belonging to Scheduled Castes and Scheduled tribes contribute to 15.1% of the population.

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Mysore city is with all the modern infrastructural amenities, and it offers several opportunities to the people to earn their livelihood. The city of Mysore is sub divided into Mysore South and Mysore North for the convenience of administration. Being an important industrial centre of the state of Karnataka, Mysore attracts several people from other states for employment thus increasing the population of the city.

3.

Growth, economy, spatial structure and trends

Traditionally, Mysore has been home to industries such as weaving, sandalwood carving, bronze work and production of lime and salt. The planned industrial growth of the city was first envisaged in the Mysore economic conference, held in 1911. This led to the establishment of industries such as the Mysore Sandalwood Oil Factory in 1917 and the Sri Krishnarajendra Mills in 1920.

In a survey conducted by Business Today in 2001, the business arm of India Today, Mysore was ranked as the 5th best city in India for business. Mysore has emerged as the hub of tourism industry in Karnataka, attracting about 2.5 million tourists in 2006. For the industrial development of the city, the Karnataka Industrial Areas Development Board (KIADB) has established four industrial areas in and around Mysore, located in Belagola, Belawadi, Hebbal (Electronic City) and Hootagalli areas. The major industries in Mysore include BEML, J. K. Tyres, Wipro, Falcon Tyres, L & T and Infosys.

Since 2003, information technology companies have been creating bases in Mysore, with the city contributing Rs. 760 crores (US$190 million) to Karnataka's Rs. 48,700 crores ($12.175 billion) IT exports in the financial year 20062007. Infosys has established one of the largest technical training centres in the world and Wipro has established its Global Service Management Center (GSMC) at Mysore. Non-IT related services have been outsourced from other countries to companies in Mysore.

B-4.2.

Operational Characteristics of KSRTC in Mysore CityAs on 31st March 2008, KSRTC operated 237 schedules under the city services with a fleet strength of 258. The city services were running with a load factor of 72.8% and 555,475 effective kilometres per day.

1.

Bus Network Density

KSRTC operates about 4217 trips through 282 schedules from 2 depots on 185 routes making around 1.79 lakh passenger trips per day. The total number of bus stops in the city is about 484. The average revenue per passenger is about Rs. 8.20 through a fare of 34.76 paise per

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Detailed Project Report Intelligent Transport System and ethanol Dieselkilometre and an average distance of 8.38 kilometres per passenger. The average waiting at the bus stops is found to be around 15 minutes. 2. Activities involved and role of agencies in Bus Transport in Mysore

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The main activities involved in transport management and the role of various agencies is presented in the table below:Table 4: Activities and Roles in bus transport at Mysore Roles Transport Planning Road Construction Road Maintenance Traffic Enforcement Traffic Devices Signs, Signals, etc. Parking Road Safety Bus Operations, including route planning Utilities MCC MUDA PWD KSRTC Mysore Police CHESCOM, KUWSDS

3.

Ward-wise Population Details

The entire city of Mysore has been sub-divided into 65 Municipal Wards for the purpose of municipal functions. According to the 2001 Census, a population of 757,379 resides in the 65 wards of Mysore city under the Municipal Corporation limits. The DPR for BRTS in Mysore City prepared by RITES in 2008 identifies four important corridors for public transport services. Two corridors cut across the city in the North-South direction and two in the East-West direction. These four corridors pass through 38 wards of the 65 wards in the city catering to around 57.56% of the total population. A list of the wards that the individual corridors cater to is given below.

Table 5: Ward Numbers & Corridors in Mysore Corridor C1 C2 C3 C4 Ward Numbers 56, 57, 58, 63, 62, 64, 65, 1, 2, 36, 19, 20, 23, 24 12, 11, 5, 4, 1, 36, 37, 41, 42, 44, 45, 35 22, 24, 23, 20, 19, 36, 2, 1, 64, 37, 41, 51, 61, 52, 54, 53 45, 46, 44, 42, 41, 37, 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14

B-4.3.

Current Transport Scenario in MysoreMysore City road traffic is heterogeneous in character. It is a mixture of fast moving motor traffic and extremely slow traffic such as animal drawn vehicles. Motor traffic consists of mainly cars, light vans, light commercial vehicles, jeeps, different kinds of mopeds, scooters and motor cycles, different kinds of commercial vehicles, buses, auto rickshaws etc. In addition to these, there are a considerable percentage of cycles plying on the city roads. Pedestrian traffic is found to be very heavy in the CBD areas of the city due to high commercial activities and tourist movement. The wide variety of traffic units with their great disparity of size and speed creates a number of problems viz., delay, congestion, accidents and areas of conflict.

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Detailed Project Report Intelligent Transport System and ethanol DieselDue to the mixing up of different classes of vehicles, the journey speed is considerably reduced and the capacity of the roads is adversely affected and severe congestion has been found to be occurring frequently in the CBD area.Constant stoppages, accelerationand decelerationand movement in low gearsincrease operational costs and wear and tear of vehicles.The conflict,confusion and irritation caused by mixed traffic also results in accidents. The number of motor vehicleshas increased by about 25 times in the Mysore City between 1970 and 1996. The road carrying capacity in older parts of the city however has remained the same while the quantum of traffic has increased significantly.

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The total number of vehicles, which was about 6000 in 1970, increased to 1.45 lakhs in 1996 and the current vehicle population is 3.55 lakhs. The number of vehicles registered in Mysore up to 30.11.2006 is 3.55 lakhs of which 2.86 lakhs is 2-wheelers constituting 80.56% of the total vehicle population. Based on the vehicle growth during the last few years, it is observed that the vehicle growth in Mysore city is about 8 to 9% p.a.

Table 6: Vehicular growth in Mysore Types of vehicles 4-wheeler 2-wheeler Truck Bus Total 1986 4,829 45,125 2,145 1021 53,120 1989 57 17 68,060 2310 1318 77,405 1996 11,291 1283,36 3,712 1,955 1442,94 2006 3,2431 28,6079 5,937 2,693 355,014

It may be observed that 22% of trips are performed by two-wheelers followed by 33% by walk. IPT and Cycles too have considerable share as nearly 14% and 17% of the trips are performed by these modes respectively. The share of trips performed by public transport is 13%, which can still be increased, as the portion of walk and two-wheeler trips is high.

1.

Average Trip Length

Trip pattern of the urban area residents reveals a considerable proportion 33% of the overall trips made within study area to be walk trips. Average trip length works out to be 3.36 km. per capita trip rate. The average trip length of individual modes of transport is given in the following table.

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Figure 2: Modal distribution of road users

Detailed Project Report Intelligent Transport System and ethanol DieselTable 7: Average Trip length of vehicles Mode 2 Wheeler Car Bus Cycle & Other Walk Average Trip Length(km) 3.7 6 4.5 1.9 0.7

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2.

Modal Shift

Significant modal shift is needed to deliver national and international sustainable development aims for a strong economy, an inclusive society and a clean environment. A modal shift occurs when one mode has a comparative advantage in a similar market over the other. Comparative advantages can take various forms, such as costs, capacity, time, flexibility and reliability.

A significant trend amongst many urban road users is a willingness to use the public transport in the face of increasing traffic congestion and increasing road-rage behaviour on the roads. With the spiralling crude prices in the international market and the rising cost of fuel, many would shift to the public transport on cost considerations. For some, time is of the essence and a modal shift will occur only if the new mode offers time improvements, while for others it is mostly a matter of costs.

KSRTC aims to bring about this modal shift in the city of Mysore by improving the perceived image of KSRTC services. The current project aims to improve the reliability of KSRTC city services through effective Travel Demand Management measures and Emergency Management System and reduction in the waiting time of its passengers.

Therefore given the critical success factors of availability, reliability, accessibility, security, low costs and comfort (acceptance), the increase in the use of public transport is definite to occur. ITS with its state-of-art technology and convergence of different technologies such as the network, GPS, display systems and Information systems will contribute to meeting the critical success factors in the Intelligent Transport system.

3.

Stated Preference Survey

The consultants conducted a survey on the 04th July 2008 to assess the impact and predict the modal shift to public transport system after the introduction of Real Time Passenger Information Systems through Intelligent Transportation Systems. The survey format is given in Annex 1.

It is very interesting to note that from the stated preference survey conducted by the consultants, it has been found that almost 89% of the sample population is willing to shift to public transport provided KSRTC operates reliable services through the introduction of ITS.

Table 8: Extent of willingness to shift to public transport Mode of Transport Cars 3 Wheeler Sample size 160 110 Willingness to shift 150 110 % Share 93.75 100.00

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Detailed Project Report Intelligent Transport System and ethanol DieselMode of Transport 2 Wheeler Cycle Total % of Total Sample Sample size 1290 300 1860 1000 Willingness to shift 1160 240 1660 89.25 % Share 89.92 80.00 -

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Though this is the perceived opinion of the general public, the proportion of people actually shifting to public transport could be much lesser in reality. On having focus group discussion with the experts in the public transport domain it was concluded that the modal shift would be to the tune of 30% for cars, 50% for 3 wheelers, 10% for cycles and 70% for 2 wheelers.

This actually translates to 24.4% of the users of other modes of transport shifting to the use of buses. At a conservative year on year growth of 10%, this could reach 35% in the next five years.

B-4.4.

Stakeholder analysisAn Intelligent Transport System must meet the different needs of stakeholders to increase their patronage towards the public transport system. The system must meet the essential criteria such as: (a) Availability; (b) Accessibility; (c) Assessment; and (d) Acceptance to assure KSRTC the acceptance of ITS system by different stakeholders.

The key stakeholders are the travelling public, the operative staff of KSRTC involved in efficiently running the buses as per schedule with well maintained buses and meeting the quality of international standards, the management of KSRTC and various eco-system partners such as suppliers of various resources and components required for efficient running of the KSRTC services, insurance companies, environmentalists and other transport users in the city as two-wheeler / four wheeler users etc.

Amongst the citizens, special provisions must be made for the physically challenged, senior persons, women and children who may have difficulties in accessing the services of KSRTC easily.

The range of interventions to meet the stakeholders expectations could cover: Redesigning bus stops on-line display of bus arrivals Creation of suitable infrastructure at bus stops and bus stations for on-line real-time passenger information system. Fitment of onward electronic devices in the bus to support GPS and GPRS/GSM systems. Special seat allocation for old-aged, physically challenged, women and children and prioritizing their entry into and Exit from the buses before others. Instant access to real time update of the status of the bus schedules. Electronic ticket sale machine and fare collection system. Analytical data (both video and text based) for the top management to support effective management of the services of KSRTC. Real time communication with the drivers for incident / emergency management.

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Detailed Project Report Intelligent Transport System and ethanol DieselSchedule and bus stop announcements through visual displays and voice based. 1. Travelers at the bus stops / stations Information availability on Bus routes (Bus Numbers: Starting Destination Point enroute stops), Schedule of the buses ETA / ETD, Seat availability, approximate travel time in at least two languages English and Kannada , point to point bus fares, types of buses AC / Non-AC / Non-stop routes etc; accessibility to such information should be both visual and audio enabled.

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Redesigning bus stops for easy boarding at the bus stops (such as elevated bus stops, where the floor of the bus stand is at the same level as the entrance to the bus). 2. In-vehicle services for Passengers In-vehicle announcements through visual displays and audio system regarding next bus stop arrival and other related information. Special seat allocation for old-aged, physically challenged, women and children and prioritizing their entry into and exit from the buses before others. 3. Vehicle Drivers Two-way communication system between the driver and central control station for emergency /incident management. Passenger announcement system inside the bus. Vehicle Information System to keep the drivers informed of the quality of various components and timely servicing / repairs of the vehicle components. 4. Operational Managers Facilitate operation managers to manage the entire fleet operations more efficiently through on-line remote access to vehicle positions, speed, breakdown, accident/ incident, etc Preparation of standard reports and charts to support all level of management in decision making. Two-way communication facility for instant contact with drivers in case of emergency incident /accident management/ diversions / traffic jams and warning of any traffic violations in real-time. Instant access to information such as: missed trips, late trips on different routes, break downs and its duration, vehicles offline, accidents types, impact, losses etc, route-wise stop times for different trips at bus stops, average speed point to point, travel time analysis, improper stops at bus stops, driver behavior, deviation in routes, speed violations, at different locations and at different points of time

5.

KSTRC Management Analytical data (video, text and numerical data) for the top management to support effective management of the services of KSRTC Cater to requirements of dynamic and context based specific reports graphs and charts and other standard Management Information System reports to give a snapshot view to the KSRTC management on daily, monthly, quarterly, half-yearly and yearly performance.

6.

Eco-system partners

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Detailed Project Report Intelligent Transport System and ethanol DieselRecorded / immediate access to information on various incidents and accidents to process insurance claims on buses / passengers; keeping track of the extent of pollution caused by KSRTC buses and initiate action on progressively bringing in less polluting fuel into the system; encouragement of two wheelers and car users to start using the public transport system to bring down traffic congestion and to keep the environment green and healthy

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B-4.5.a)

Existing urban transportation scenario and facilities available in the use of urban transport issues & challengesExisting Scenario

The road pattern in Mysore is a combination of radial and grid pattern with arterial roads originating from the city centre. The Palace is the focal point from where the roads run radially leading to outer areas of the city. State Highways 17, 33, 86 & 88 pass through the city.

(1) (2) (3) (4)

SH-17 SH-33 SH-86 SH-88

connects Mysore to Bangalore to Manantavady to Bangalore via Kanakapura to Bantwal

In addition to these, the city has a number of arterial roads (within the jurisdiction of Mysore City Corporation (MCC), Mysore Urban Development Authority (MUDA) and Public Works Department (PWD)).

The main radial roads, which originate from the Palace, are Hunsur Road, KRS Road, Bangalore Road, Mahadevapura Road, Bannur Road, Ooty Road, H.D. Kote Road and Bogadi Road. The other major roads in Mysore include:

Table 9: Major Roads in Mysore

M.G. Road Vani Vilas Road Jhansi Rani Lakshmi Bai Road (JLB) Chamaraja Double Road Devaraja Urs Road Kantharaja Urs Road Lokaranjan Mahal Road Maharana Pratap Simhaji Road T. Narasipura Road Vinoba Road

Dhanvantari Road Ramanuja Road Sayyaji Rao Road

Mirza Road Radhakrishna Avenue Seshadri Iyer Road

Ashoka Road New Sayyaji Rao Road Irwin Road Karanki Tank Bund Road Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Road

Ramavilas Road Adichunchanagiri Road Sawday Road Lalith Mahal Road Chamundi Hill Road

Race Course Road A.V. Road

Madhavachari Road

In addition to the above roads, Outer Ring Road (ORR) on the periphery of the city has been constructed by MUDA. At present, 42 Kms of the ORR has been completed and the balance length o