upland rice breeding_brazil
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Upland Rice Breeding in Brazil: Progress and PerspectivesProgress and Perspectives
Flavio Breseghello
Head of Research and Development
Embrapa Rice and BeansEmbrapa Rice and Beans
Santo Antônio de Goiás, Brazil
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Amount of Rice Produced in Upland andIrrigated Systems in Brazilg y
14000
10000
12000
20%
6000
8000 Production Upland
,000
t 55%
4000
6000
Production Irrigated
x 1,
0
2000
6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Production Irrigated
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
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Variation of Area Planted and Yield ofUpland and Irrigated Rice in Brazilp g
7000
Yield Irrigated
5000
6000g
3000
4000
Area Upland000 ha 80%
1000
2000Yield Upland
Area Upland
x 1,0
50%
0
1000
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
000
001
002
003
004
005
006
007
008
009
Area Irrigated
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
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Opportunities for Sustainable UplandRice ProductionRice Production
SprinklerSprinkler Irrigation
Crop‐livestock‐forest integration
Pasture renovation
Crop rotation
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Upland Rice in No‐Tillage SystemUpland Rice in No Tillage System
N h fNorth ofMato Grosso
3.5 t/ha
45 cm45 cm
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Importance of Drought Tolerance
Soil water storage Soil water storageSoil water storagecapacity: 30 mm
Soil water storagecapacity: 50 mm
Low Risk (20%)Intermediate Risk (50%)
( %)High Risk (80%)
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Drought Phenotyping in the Field(Porangatu Station)( g )
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Drought Phenotyping in Soil Columns
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PROGRESS OF 25 YEARS OF UPLANDPaper accepted for publication in Crop Science
PROGRESS OF 25 YEARS OF UPLAND RICE BREEDING IN BRAZIL
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Year Number of trials Total number of lines tested
Number of new lines from E b
Number of field plots
Data from records of 26 years
Embrapa1984 12 54 37 7001985 38 58 26 20521986 19 77 40 13581987 10 67 9 6741988 23 54 4 14841988 23 54 4 14841989 10 34 9 7921990 8 32 16 4501991 16 34 3 10601992 15 60 23 9441993 24 79 24 14771993 24 79 24 14771994 19 44 9 15361995 39 49 12 25971996 22 28 6 20461997 26 32 13 21431998 33 37 21 25521998 33 37 21 25521999 32 42 16 24852000 34 45 16 27562001 24 34 15 22972002 18 28 9 18192003 27 28 9 27332003 27 28 9 27332004 26 25 10 24082005 27 26 13 22992006 18 28 13 18302007 25 18 5 15202008 31 17 6 18412008 31 17 6 18412009 27 23 12 1835
Arithmetic Mean 23.2 40.5 14.5 1,757Total 603 493 376 45,688
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Statistical Analysis
Group j: set of lines debuting in VCU in year j
Mixed model: “Group” fixed, all other factors random
Yijkmn = μ + gj + li/gj + ak + tm/ak + bn/atkm + εijkmn
BLUE of Group meansBLUP of linesf
Generalized Linear Regression:θ = (X` V‐1 X)‐1 (X` V‐1 Y)
θ = [α, β]β is the genetic gain per yearβ g g p y
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Results: Change in Grain Type
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Factors Restraining Genetic Gain for GY
• Very strict grain quality parametersVery strict grain quality parameters.
• Non durable blast disease resistance• Non‐durable blast disease resistance.
b d l f• Too broad target population of environments.
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Factors Accelerating Genetic Gain for GY
• Early selection for grain yield.
• Recombination of high‐yielding families.
• Homogenization of cycle duration, plant
height and grain type, allowing stronger
selection pressure on grain yieldselection pressure on grain yield.
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The Rice Breeding Scheme
Crosses 200
200
||||||on
Generation Traits N. of materials
Type of exp.
F2 – ERC
F3 – VS1
YIELD
BLAST
PLANT TYPE
200
20
1000 ||||||||| ||
::::::::::
ite recurren
t
tion
pop
ulatio
F4 – EOF
F3:5 – ERF
BLASTGRAIN QUALITY
YIELDGRAIN QUALITY
1000
250
|||||||||...|| Cultivar deveEli
select
F3:6 – VS2
F7 – EOL
F6 8 EP
BLAST
PLANT TYPEBLAST
YIELD
50
2000
500
::::::::::
|||||||||...||
elopment
F6:8 – EP
F6:9 – ER
F6 10 VCU
YIELDGRAIN QUALITY
YIELDGRAIN QUALITY
YIELD
500
50
10F6:10 – VCU YIELDGRAIN QUALITY 10
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The Recurrent Selection Approach
IRRN, v. 34, 4 p. 2009
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The same methods are being applied toThe same methods are being applied to irrigated lowland rice, with similar results:
LINE CROSS GY (kg/ha)BRA 040081 (BRS Pampa) IRGA 417/CNA7830 12,984 aBRA 040079 IRGA 417/CNA7830 11,994 aBRA 040079 IRGA 417/CNA7830 11,994 aBRA 040311 JAVAÉ/CNAi9039 11,793 aBRA 040257 DIAMANTE/CNA8642 11,583 a
BRA 040075 IRGA 417/CNA7830 11,320 aBRA 040286 IRGA 417/CNA7830 11,235 aBRA 040308 TAIM/CNAi9050 11,208 aBRA 040307 TAIM/CNAi9050 10,918 aBRA 040272 IR22/CNA8502 10 917 aBRA 040272 IR22/CNA8502 10,917 aMean of Checks(BR‐IRGA 409, IRGA 417, BRS 7 Taim, BRS 6 Chuí) 8,589 c
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BRS SertanejaBRS Sertaneja
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Upland Rice Breeding: The Way Forwardy
• Improve drought tolerance through better root system.
Ad t t till d id i• Adapt to no‐till and wider row spacing.
• Explore the genetic diversity for biotic and abiotic stress tolerancetolerance.
• Implement MAS for blast resistance and grain quality.
T t d i t t t i t i t t• Test and incorporate strategic transgenics or mutants.
• Develop aerobic rice hybrids.
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The Brazilian Rice Breeding Project(Leader: Dr. Orlando Peixoto de Morais)( )
The 2009 – 2013 project includes:p j
• 10 Embrapa Centers: CNPAF, CPACT, CPAO, CPAF‐RO, CPATU, CPAA, CPAF‐RR, CPAMN,
CENARGEN, SNT
• 6 State Institutions: IRGA EPAGRI EPAMIG EMPAER MT SEAGRO TO SEAGRO GOIRGA, EPAGRI, EPAMIG, EMPAER‐MT, SEAGRO‐TO, SEAGRO‐GO
• 7 Universities: UFLA, UFG, UFSM, UFT, UNITINS, URCAMP, UNIPAMPA.UFLA, UFG, UFSM, UFT, UNITINS, URCAMP, UNIPAMPA.