update on advanced heat pump water heater research · schematic shamelessly borrowed from sanden...
TRANSCRIPT
UpdateonAdvancedHeatPumpWaterHeaterResearch
PresentedbyKenEklundNorthAmericanPassiveHouse2015Conference
HupWah!(HPHW)
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FourProjectsonAdvancedHPWH
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• TIP292—PerformanceasaWaterHeater
• TIP302—Demand/ResponsePotentialofSplitandUnitarySystems
• TIP326—CombinationSpaceandWaterHeating
• TIP338—CombinedSpaceandHotWaterinExistingHomes
AllProjectsFitTogether
DiscoveriesLeadtoNewQuestions
ExperienceofProjectTeamAllowsGreaterProjectSizeandComplexity
DRTests
OriginalLab&FieldTests
CombinedSystemsinExistingHomes
SchematicshamelesslyborrowedfromSandenbrochure5
TranscriticalCO2
6DiagramfromRolfChristensen-AlfaLaval
SpecificHeatofTranscriticalCO2
7DiagramfromRolfChristensen-AlfaLaval
WATERHEATERPERFORMANCETIP292
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CompareWaterHeaters
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Standard ER Std.HPWH CO2HPWHFirstHourRating(Gal) 32.1 50.0 97.8
EnergyFactor(DOE) 0.93 2.0 3.4
NorthernClimateEF 2.0 3.2
DeliveryRating 3.0 7.5
kWhperGallon .23 .11 .05
HighEfficiencyLabTest
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FieldSites
• 4homesfromthecoasttoMontana• Minimumfamilysizeof4—upto7• Billinghistoryofatleast3yearswith
electricresistancewaterheat• Avista,ETO,RavalliElectric,and
TacomaPowerfoundsites
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WeeklyFieldEnergyFactor WithTemperature(excludesfreezeprotection)
Site
AddyWA
Montana
Portland
Tacoma
AVERAGEENERGY/GALLON≤.05kWh
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ComparePerformance
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CostEffective!• Inputs– Savings: 2,436kWh/yr– Life: 20years– CreditforERHeater $800– DiscountRate 5%– InstalledCost $4,200– EnergyCost 10₵perkWh– AnnualCapacityValue$40
• Outputs:– SimplePayback=12Years– BenefittoCostRatio=1.04
COMPARISONTOOTHERREFRIGERANTS
ClimateImpact
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WhyCO2?– It’sonlyNatural• Zeroozonedepletionpotential• Minimalglobalwarmingpotential
• Source:http://www.epa.gov/ozone/snap/subsgwps.html
GWP ODP
R-22 1810 0.055
R-134a 1430 0
R-410a 2088 0
CO2 (R-744) 1 0
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0
750
1500
2250
R-22 R-134a R-410a CO2…
Glob
alW
armingPo
tential
ftp://ftp.cmdl.noaa.gov/hats/hfcs/HCFCs&HFCs_figure_NOAA.pdf
• pptispartspertrillion• CO2 iscurrently~400ppm• Currentanthropogenicforcingfromrefrigerantsis1-2%oftotal
• Possibletoincreaseto9-19%ofCO2 forcingby2050• (Velders2009)http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2009/06/19/0902817106.abstract
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WhatisGWP?
• Usedtocompareradiativeforcingofdifferentchemicalspecies
• BydefinitionCO2 issettoaGWPof1• GWPDependson:– Infraredabsorptionspectra– Spectrallocationofabsorbingwavelengths– Atmosphericlifetime
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AtmosphericLifetimes
Chemical Lifetime(yrs) GWP- 100yeartimehorizon
CO2(carboncyclemakeslifetimevariable)
5-200 1
R-11 45 7020
R-134a 13.4 1300
R-32 5 550
R-125 29 3400
R-410a(50/50blendof32&125)
17 1975
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DEMANDRESPONSEPOTENTIALTIP302
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DEMANDRESPONSE
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UnitarySystem
PNNLLabHome
SPLITSYSTEM
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ExtremeOversupplyMitigationTest
SplitSystem(80Gallons) UnitarySystem(40Gallons)
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WaterHeaterOffat1pmToMakeRoomtoAbsorbOff-PeakWindEnergy
Note:thetoppointonthechartiswatertemperature– thebottompointisthecooledpipetemperaturebetweendrawsandnotrelevanttodelivery
DRImprovesPerformance!
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Spokane
Portland
COMBINATIONSPACEANDWATERHEATING
TIP326
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THEZONE3EXPERIENCE
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Houseisat4,250ft.inMontana
CombiConceptThePerformanceFieldTestsshowedtheHPWHmetwaterheatingloadswithminimaloperationevenincoldweather
Thesystemwasoff75%ofthetimeshowingthepowerofsystemheatingcapacity
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FirstFieldSite
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• InBellingham,WA• PassiveSolarHouse• DesignLoad=
21,160Btu/hr• Firstdataobtained
inDecember2014• BackupHeat≈5
kWh
SystemView
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CityWaterSupply
HotWater
TemperingValve
SandenHotWater
StorageTankSandenHeatPump
BackupElectric
Resistance
X-PumpBlockHeat
Exchanger
HeatDistribution:RadiantFloor,
FanCoil,BaseboardRadiator
BasicSchematic
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FullFieldInstallSchematic
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SpaceandWaterHeatingEventOvernight:OutsideAirReaches40F
MidnightMarch2
MidnightMarch3
Callforheatfromradiantloop
TankLoopPumpEngages
Showers
HeatPumpOperation
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NEW
"SpaceHeatLoad_Bellingham""Data:182observationsfrom2014-12-31to2015-07-01""2WeatherFiles:bairport,b3SSW“"1Methods:dd"[1]"EvaluatedModels:
heatingBaseheatingSlope R2dd.bairport45.6 1.769595 0.6300035dd.b3SSW44.2 2.155855 0.6343588
BellinghamSolar
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HighSolarDaysAreLowkWh
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CombiProjectOverview
• 10Homes:– 7inHeatingZone1– Bellingham,Olympia,Portland,TacomaandSeattle
– 1inHeatingZone2– Coeurd’Alene,Idaho– 2inHeatingZone3– McCall,Idaho
• AverageDesignLoad≈16,000Btu• Status:8systemsinstalled,7housescomplete,8monitoringsystemsinstalled
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ProductAvailability• HPWHwithstandardrefrigerantsareofferedbyGE(GeoSpring),AOSmith(Voltex),Rheem,StiebelEltron(Accelera)andothermanufacturers
• MitsubishihasprototypeductlessheatpumppluswaterheatingthatWSUwillfieldtest
• SandenexpectstohaveaULlistingforitsCO2 splitsystemthisfallandtohaveproductavailableinDecember,2015
• CO2 heatpumpsaremadebyallmajorJapaneseHVACmanufacturersincludingSanyo,Mayekawa,DaikinandPanasonic—mostarenotyetavailableinNorthAmerica
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CONCLUSION
• Asawaterheateris4xasefficientaselectricresistancewaterheatingandusesabouthalfcurrentHPWHenergy
• HPWHHaveHighPerformanceDRpotential• CO2 impactonclimateisminimal• Combinedspaceandwaterheatingisstillunder
development
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ThanksToAdriaBanks,WSUleadanalystToBenLarson,JonathanHeller,NickKvaltineandColinGrist,EcotopeToMelindaSpencer,WSUtechnicaleditorToBruceCarter,FredGordon,RemHusted,TomLienhart,&JimMaunder—utilitypartnerrepsToPNNL’sGrahamParker,JoePetersen&SarahWidder&GregSullivan,EfficiencySolutionsToMarkJerome,ClearResult,leadinstallerToDavidHales,WSUleadmonitoringinstallerToJanicePeterson,BPAprojectmanagerToDaveKresta&CharlieStephens,NEEAToMahoIto,JohnMiles,&CharlesYao,SandenInternationalTotheRegionalAdvancedHPWHAdvisoryTaskForce
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ContactInformation
• KenEklund,BuildingScience&StandardsLeadWashingtonStateUniversityEnergyProgram
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WashingtonStateUniversityEnergyProgram
DISCUSSION
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