university library ghent ___________________ open access april 23, 2007 inge van nieuwerburgh
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University library Ghent___________________Open Access
April 23, 2007
Inge Van Nieuwerburgh
Summary
Scientific journal Science citation index Serials crisis Open access Supporting initiatives OA Issues Functions scientific publishing UGent Institutional Archive
Henry Oldenburg: Rise of the scientific journal
Source: “In Oldenburg's long shadow: librarians, research scientists, publishers, and the control of scientific publishing”, Guédon, Jean-Claude in ARL proceedings 138, 2001; http://www.arl.org/arl/proceedings/138/guedon.html
1665 Henry Oldenburg Philosophical Transactions of the
royal society of London Public registration of original
contributions to science (validation)
Extra motive: London as centre of scientific knowledge
Why registration?
Claim intellectual rights Better image, less discussion Peer review (hierarchy) Dissemination
Intellectual rights
Immaterial property Notion “author” Printer demanded it Limited in time
Science Citation Index
Classical chain of information
A RPUB
SUB
LIB
Library is liaison between author and reader
Science citation index
Challenge: only buy what the reader needs
Every discipline “Core journals” Eugene Garfield: citation of
scientific publications as the basis of a giant web of knowledge
Unify small groups of core journals into one big core.
Core idea was bibliographic Rise of Impact Factor Control career: evaluation of the
scientist on the basis of the impact factor
Consequenses
Scientists have to publish in high impact journals
Journal title is very important because of branding
High impact journals should always be accessible, whatever the cost!
Commercial publishers
First not interested, but Scientific publishers encountered
problems of profit and quality control
Process of publication becomes more complex
Commercial publisher steps in
Extra incentive: the rise of core journals through SCI
More subscriptions by increase of number of universitities
=> booming market
Serials crisis
Exponential increase of price
Starts a few years after the rise of SCI (early 1970’s)
Commercial publishers collect high impact titles because the market is highly profitable => monopoly
Price unrelated to production cost We pay for evaluation and
branding
And libraries?
Core journals have to be purchased
Budgets cut backs end 20th century
Annul subscriptions Intollerable situation
Scientist reacts
No or difficult access to scientific information
Poor visibility Loss of research output
Experiment: Arxiv
Physics, Mathematics, Computer Science and Quantitative Biology
Paul Ginsparg Database of articles in Open
Access http://www.arxiv.org/
Open Access
Open access: what
Worldwide electronic dissemination
Of peer-reviewed scientific publications
Without any barrier (no price barrier nor copyright barier)
Open Acces: why?
Increase the accessibility / availability of an article
Increase the visibility Increase worldwide impact
=> innovation, prestige, funding
Why do scientists publish?
0 20 40 60 80 100
% respondents
Communicate results to peers
Advance career
Personal prestige
Gain funding
Financial reward
source: Alma Swan, Key Perspectives Ltd, 15 may 2006 OA workshop Brussels
Open Access: how
“self archiving”: the scientist archives the article in a repository, freely available on the net: “green road to open access”.
Publish in an Open Access Journal, an electronic journal, freely available on the net: “gold road to open access”, eg. Biomedcentral, PLoS
Green road
Register in a subject repository Register in an institutional
repository Use free software, based on the
OAI-PMH protocol, like Dspace and Eprints
Handle: persistant link
Initiatives supporting OA
Open Archives Initiative
Need of standardization of data exchange between electronic databases
OAI-PMH or Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting
Notion of content provider and service provider
Santa Fee, 1999, Herbert Van de Sompel, Carl Lagoze
http://www.openarchives.org/
SPARC
Re-introduce competition:support of journals that costs much less than high impact journals, or are for free
Support scientific organisations Big supporter of Open Access Wants to be a catalyst http://www.arl.org/sparc/
OAIster
° University of Michigan Searches registered Open Access
Repositories OAIster currently provides access to
11,315,096 records from 769 contributors (updated 22 April 2007)
Results are mainly free http://www.oaister.org
DOAJ
Directory of Open Access Journals °Lund university libraries 2646 Open Access journals of
which 795 searchable on article level
Peer reviewed
OpenDOAR
The Directory of Open Access Repositories
Controlled registry As well as providing a simple
repository list, OpenDOAR lets you search for repositories or search repository contents
http://www.opendoar.org/
DRIVER
European project DRIVER sets out to build the testbed for
a future knowledge infrastructure of the European Research Area
Aim: enable others to establish services by facilitating machine readable data exchange
http://www.driver-repository.eu
Issues
Copyright
Of own publications as well as respect other’s rights
Only entry in repository if copyright OK Custom: give up rights to publisher Attempts to reverse that: addendum
publication agreement SPARC (http://www.arl.org/sparc/author/addendum.html), “licence to publish” SURF/JISC (http://copyrighttoolbox.surf.nl/copyrighttoolbox/authors/licence/)
Romeo: publishers’ policies on self achiving (http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo.php)
Awareness
Convince scientists of added value OA
Integrate simple workflow Best practices Personal approach
Functions scientific publishing
source: Herbert Van de Sompel, “Open Archives voor onderzoek”Gent, 22 oct. 2002
Journals allmost naturally unite the 5 functions
They can be split up, though
Registration and dissemination
Websites Open Archives Electronic journals
= electronic publishing => gain control over your
publication
Evaluation
Website Classical journal (branding) Overlay journal
By: scientific organizations, editorial boards, peers
Archiving
Open Archive is very suitable Websites are to be advised against National harvest?
Certification and rewarding
Now: only on basis of Impact factor future: combination of van download
and citation factors? Citation not only through SCI but also
count online Also see research project MESUR by
Johan Bollen, LANL (http://www.mesur.org/Home.html)
UGent Institutional Archive
http://archive.ugent.be/ Started in 2003 Institutional archive Linking with the academic
bibliography: joint ingest, separate databases
All kind of scientific publications Now about 2500 full text
publications
ldap
WoS
, ISSN, l
dap
EXPORT
Interesting links
SPARC: http://www.arl.org/sparc/ SHERPA: http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/ OAI: http://www.openarchives.org/ ROMEO: http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo.php OAISTER: http://oaister.org DOAJ: http://www.doaj.org OpenDOAR: http://www.opendoar.org aRXiv: http://www.arxiv.org Archive UGent: http://archive.ugent.be
Literature
Article Guédon: http://www.arl.org/arl/proceedings/138/guedon.html
Peter Suber’s OA pages: http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/guide.htm
Stevan Harnad (self archiving): http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/
Herbert Van de Sompel (technical): http://public.lanl.gov/herbertv/
Alma Swan (impact and stats): http://www.keyperspectives.co.uk/openaccessarchive/index.html