SCIENCENEW SERIES SUBSCRIPTION, $6.00VOL. 96, No. 2504 FRIDAY, DECEMBER 25, 1942 SINGLE COPIES, .15

Readings Are Made1t- T TO SUCTION

Directly in Specific Gravity Units from the ScaleThe Fisher-Davidson Gravitometer enables accurate specific gravity mea-

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Two capillary manometers are held on the Gravitometer support and con-nected so that an integral suction pump causes a reduced air pressure whichraises liquid levels in the manometers as shown in the diagram at the left. Aliquid of known density is introduced into the L-shape capillary and the liquidof unknown density into the Z-shape tube. The unknown liquid rises to a fixedheight, so that it is balanced against the known liquid in tube L. The heightto which the L column rises is in keeping with the specific gravity of the un-known; this is read directly in sp. gr. units on the engraved scale.

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2 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS

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Handbooko0 Microscopic Characteristicsor Tissues and Organs

The new edition of Professor Stiles' successful Handbook, thoroughly revised and enlarged, willbe published early in January. Many helpful suggestions of those who have used the previous editionhave been incorporated. Fundamental facts are presented in a manner that can be easily and quicklygrasped by the student and genuinely aid him in organizing and mastering the subject. The relativeimportance of each division is indicated by the use of various sizes of type; tabular charts summarizethe various systems; special lists of tissues often confused in identification tests, are given; "spot-ting" characters are italicized; extra blank pages at the end of each chapter provide convenientspace for laboratory notes or for drawings; a useful glossary of terms is included. It is a manualwhich anticipates and clarifies the points that are likely to trouble students.

by Karl A. Stiles, M.S., Ph.D.Bert H. Bailey Professor of Biology and Chairman ofthe Division of Natural Science, Coe CollegeIllustrated. 204 Pages. $1.50 (1943)

THE BLAKISTON COMPANY, Philadelphia

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2 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS VOL. 96, NO. 2504

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1. Studies on Experimental Hypertension. Lewis, H. A. and Goldblatt, H., Bulletinof The New York Academy of Medicine, Vol. 18:459 (1942).

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3. The Production of Persistent Elevation of Systolic Blood Pressure by Means ofRenal Ischemia. Goldblatt, H._ Lynch, J., Hanzal, R. F., and Summerville, W.W., J. Exper. Med., Vol. 59:347 (1934).

4. The Effect of Renin on Experimental Hypertension in the Dog. Wakerlin, G. E.and Johnson, C. A., J.A.M.A., Vol. 117:416 (1941).

5. Prophylactic Treatment of Experimental Hypertension with Renin. Wakerlin, G.E., Johnson, C. A., Smith, E. L., Moss, W. G. and Weir, J. R., Am. J. Physiol.,Vol. 137:515 (1942).

6. On the Nature and Properties of "Antirenin". Goldblatt, H. et al., Abstracts ofMeeting Central Soc. for Clinical Research, Chicago, Illinois, Nov. 6 and 7, 1942.

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MODEL MBECKMAN pH METER

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RdMMX..DVERTISEMENTS8:

SCIENCE

VOL. 96 FRIDAY, DECEMBER 25, 1942 No. 2504

A Unified Command and Democracy in Agriculture: Citric Acid and Calcium; Its Implications for Un-PRESIDENT JAMES D. HOSKINS ............................. ...... 567 nary Calcium Stone Formation: DR. EPHRAIM

The Fuller Utilization of Scientific Resources for SHORR and OTHERS. Negative Water BalancesTotal War: DR. THEODOR ROSEBURY .571 During Exposures to Low Barometric Pressures:

DR.HOWARDG. SWANN and OTHERS ............................ 587Scientific Events:Deaths and Memorials; The British Technical Ad- Scientific Apparatus and Laboratory Methods:visory Committee on Nutrition; Rural Land Use; Detergents and Staining of Bacteria: DR. S. F.The College of Medicine of the University of Illi- SNIESEKo. A Gravity Writing Lever for Respira-nois; The Semi-Centennial of the Medical School tory Tambours: DR. H. R. HULPIEU and RALPH C.of the University of Texas ..... ................ 575 WELCH. A Further Improvement in the Harvard

Scientific Notes and News.. Kymograph: DR. ARCHIE N. SOLBERO.589

Discussion: Science News ......... 10Sora, Near-Victim of a Fish: DR. DAYTON STONERand L. J. KOSTER. The Tropical Chigoe.in Cali- -

forniai G. F. AUGUSTSON. On Numbering BookIllustrations: PROFpESSOR LEWIS G. WESTGATE .......580 SCIENCE: A Weekly Journal devoted to the Advance-

Scientific Books: ment of Science, edited by J. MCKEEN CATTELL and pub-Topology: DR. GEORGE D. BIRKHOFF.............................. 581 lished every Friday by

Societies and Meetings: THE SCIENCE PRESSCentenary of the American Ethnological Society: Lancaster PennsylvaniaDR. MARIAN W. SMITH.584......................

Reports: Annual Subscription, $6.00 Single Copies, 15 Cts.Annual Report of Dr. Jessup, President of the Car-negie Corporation ............. 585 SCIENCE is the official organ of the American Associa-

tion for the Advancement of science. Information regard-Special Articles: ing membership in the Association may be secured from

the office of the permanent secretary in the SmithsonianThe Relation Between the Urinary Excretion of Institution Building, Washington, D. C.

A UNIFIED COMMAND AND DEMOCRACY INAGRICULTURE'

By President JAMES D. HOSKINSUNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE

No question to-day, I dare say, is more subject todebate than the problem of a unified command. Yetit is scarcely a matter of debate. Military experts,statesmen, laymen in high quarters and an arousedpublic are demanding a unified command! For theUnited Nations at large, for the armed services ofeach, and for the wayward committees, commissions,bureaus and departments throughout our decentral-ized democracies-the immediate postulate of hopefor victory in this war is a unified command. It ismore of a battle cry than an argument.

While we confess to the need for such a command

1 Address by the President of the Association of Land-Grant Colleges and Universities at the fifty-seventh annualmeeting in Chicago, October 28, 1942.

in war, let us not forget for a moment what we areabout. The perils of the cure are but little short ofthose of the disease itself. We are but fighting firewith fire. For the ultimate potentiality of the unifiedcommand is the totalitarian state. Our security liesin our recognition of both the strength and the weak-ness of democracy. It lies in our ability to put asideour inherent weakness of individualism and prolongeddebate in order to assume the full power of ourstrength in unity of purpose under a unified com-mand. That we are slow to do so is but evidence ofour whole-hearted commitment to decentralization ofauthority and to local autonomy. Our departure fromthese basic tenets of democracy is but temporary andfor the sole purpose of winning a war. Otherwise,