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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

United States Earthquakes, 1978

By

Carl A. Stover and

Carl A. von Hake

Open-File report 84-978

Prepared in cooperation with National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,

This report has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards.

1984

ContributorsContributors to this publication are listed below according

to the type of data supplied or service performed:

Hypocenters and magnitudes:

John S. Derr, U.S. Geological SurveyW. LeRoy Irby, U.S. Geological SurveyR. Kangas, U.S. Geological SurveyJohn H. Minsch, U.S. Geological SurveyRuss Needham, U.S. Geological SurveyWaverly J. Person, U.S. Geological SurveyBruce W. Presgrave, U.S. Geological SurveyHawaiian Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey

Intensities:

Carl W. Stover, U.S. Geological Survey

Network Operations (by institution):

University of AlaskaUniversity of California, BerkeleyCalifornia Institute of TechnologyKansas Geological SurveyUniversity of OklahomaOklahoma Geological SurveySt. Louis UniversityU.S. Geological SurveyVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Geodesy:

Sandford R. Holdahl, NOAA, NOS, National Geodetic Survey Richard A. Snay, NOAA, NOS, National Geodetic Survey William E. Strange, NOAA, NOS, National Geodetic Survey

Tsunamis:

Mark G. Spaeth, NOAA, National Weather Service

Strong-motion seismograph data:

Ronald L. Porcella, U.S. Geological Survey

Editorial assistance and manuscript preparations:

Paula K. Smith, U.S. Geological Survey

Contents

Page

Contributors.............................................................ill

Introd uct ion............................................................. 1

Discussion of Tables ................................................ 1Epicenter Maps...................................................... 1Earthquake Information Services..................................... 3Magnitude and Intensity Ratings..................................... 3Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale................................... 5Acknowledgments..................................................... 7

Earthquake Descriptions.................................................. 9

Alabama............................................................. 9Alaska.............................................................. 9Arizona............................................................. 14Arkansas............................................................ 15California.......................................................... 15California Off the coast........................................... 34Colorado............................................................ 35Delaware............................................................ 35Florida............................................................. 35Hawa ii.............................................................. 35Idaho............................................................... 39Illinois ............................................................ 40Ind iana............................................................. 41Maine............................................................... 41Maryland............................................................ 41Massachusetts....................................................... 41Mississippi......................................................... 42Missouri............................................................ 42Montana............................................................. 43Nebraska ............................................................ 44Nev ad a.............................................................. 45New Hampshire....................................................... 46New Jersey.......................................................... 46New Mexico.......................................................... 46New York............................................................ 46North Carolina...................................................... 47Oklahoma............................................................ 47Pennsylvania........................................................ 47Puerto Rico......................................................... 48South Carolina...................................................... 48Tennessee........................................................... 48Texas............................................................... 49Utah................................................................ 49Virginia............................................................ 50Washington.......................................................... 51Wyoming............................................................. 53

Network Operations....................................................... 82Alaska Earthquakes, 1978............................................ 82Northern and Central California Earthquakes, 1978................... 82Southern California Earthquakes, 1978............................... 84Central Mississippi Valley Earthquakes, 1978........................ 84Kansas Earthquakes, 1978............................................ 85Oklahoma Earthquakes, 1978.......................................... 88Southeastern United States Earthquakes, 1978........................ 91Virginia Earthquakes, 1978.......................................... 92

Miscellaneous Activities................................................. 93

Crustal Movement Stud ies............................................ 93Tsunamis............................................................ 94Principal Earthquakes of the World.................................. 94

Strong-Motion Seismograph Data........................................... 98

Introduction........................................................ 98Accelerograph Data.................................................. 99

References............................................................... Ill

LIST OF TABLES

Table Page

1 Summary of U.S. earthquakes for 1978................................ 562 Station locations in Kansas......................................... 883 Microearthquake locations in Kansas for 1978........................ 884 Oklahoma earthquake catalog for 1978................................ 905 Southeastern United States earthquakes during 1978.................. 916 Virginia earthquakes during 1978.................................... 927 Principal earthquakes of the world during 1978...................... 958 Summary of U.S. accelerograph records recovered during 1978......... 104

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Figure Page

1 Summary of earthquake epicenters in the conterminous United Statesfor 1978. ........................................................... 2

2 Summary of earthquake epicenters in Alaska for 1978................. 23 Summary of earthquake epicenters in Hawaii for 1978................. 34 Earthquakes plotted by Modified Mercalli Intensity in the

conterminous United States for 1978................................. 45 Earthquakes plotted by Modified Mercalli Intensity in Alaska for

1978. ............................................................... 46 Earthquakes plotted by Modified Mercalli Intensity in Hawaii for

1978................................................................ 57 Isoseismal map for the northern California earthquake of 26 March

1978. ............................................................... 178 Isoseismal map for the southern California earthquake of 4 June 1978 209 Isoseismal map for the southern California earthquake of 5 June 1978 21

10 Photograph of Southern Pacific Transportation Company freight trainderailment west of Goleta, Calif.................................... 24

11 Isoseismal map for the southern California earthquake of 13 August1978................................................................ 25

12 Photograph of damage to mobile home near Goleta, Calif.............. 2613 Isoseismal map for the Lake Tahoe, Calif, earthquake of 4 September

1978................................................................ 2814 Isoseismal map for the northern California earthquake of 8 September

1978................................................................ 2915 Isoseismal map for the Owens Valley, California earthquake of

4 October 1978...................................................... 3116 Isoseismal map for the central Idaho earthquake of 29 October 1978.. 4017 Isoseismal map for the southeastern Idaho earthquake of 30 November

1978. ............................................................... 4118 Isoseismal map for the southern Illinois earthquake of 5 December

1978................................................................ 4219 Isoseismal map for the eastern Missouri earthquake of 20 September

1978. ............................................................... 43

Figure Continued Page

20 Isoseismal map for the western Montana earthquake of 23 April 1978.. 4421 Isoseismal map for the southeastern Pennsylvania earthquake of

16 July 1978. ....................................................... 4822 Isoseismal map for the west Texas earthquake of 16 June 1978........ 5023 Isoseismal map for the Puget Sound, Washington earthquake of

11 March 1978....................................................... 5224 Isoseismal map for the Puget Sound, Washington earthquake of

31 March 1978....................................................... 5325 Isoseismal map for the Seattle, Washington earthquake of 31 December

1978................................................................ 5426 Northern California earthquakes during 1978......................... 8327 Plot of the cumulative number of earthquakes versus local Richter

magnitude (ML) ........ 1............................................. 8428 Southern California earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 ML or greater

during 1978......................................................... 8529 Central Mississippi Valley earthquakes during 1978 within a 4° x 4°

region centered at 37.0° N. and 89.5° W............................. 8630 Central Mississippi Valley earthquakes during 1978 within a 1.5° x

1.5° region centered at 36.25° N. and 89.75° W...................... 8631 Kansas Geological Survey seismograph network in 1978. ............... 8732 Kansas earthquakes and the Humboldt Fault Zone...................... 8733 Active seismograph stations in Oklahoma............................. 8934 Distribution of Oklahoma earthquakes during 1978. ................... 8935 Southeastern United States earthquake epicenters during 1978........ 9136 Southeastern United States seismic stations operating in 1978....... 9137 Virginia Tech Seismic Network....................................... 9238 Virginia earthquake epicenters during 1978.......................... 9239 Coyote Dam accelerograms from the Ukiah, Calif, earthquake of

25 March 1978 .......................................................10040 Location map, Santa Barbara, Calif, earthquake of 13 August 1978....10141 Accelerograms from Santa Barbara Courthouse and Cachuma Dam, Santa

Barbara earthquake of 13 August 1978................................ 10242 Selection of Monticello Dam accelerograms from the Jenkinsville,

South Carolina earthquake of February to November 1978.............. 103

VII

United States Earthquakes, 1978Carl W. Stover, U.S. Geological Survey

Carl A. von Hake, NOAA, Environmental Data and Information Service

Introduction

This publication describes all earth quakes that were reported felt in the United States and nearby territories in 1978. It has been compiled by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and published jointly with NOAA, Environmental Data and Information Service (EDIS). Its purpose is to provide a continuous history of U.S. earthquakes for studying seismic risk, evaluating nuclear powerplant sites, designing earthquake-resistive structures, and answering inquiries from the scien tific and general public.

The publication is composed of four major chapters: "Earthquake Descrip tions," which includes a summary of macroseismic data reported for each earth quake and a chronological list of earth quakes by State (table 1); "Network Opera tions," which summarizes the results from local seismic networks; "Miscellaneous Activities," which contains information on crustal movement studies, tsunamis, and principal earthquakes of the world (table 7), and "Strong-Motion Seismograph Data" (table 8). The intensity and macroseismic data in "Earthquake Descriptions" are com piled from questionnaire canvasses (see next paragraph), newspaper articles, and reports prepared by other government organizations, State institutions, local organizations, and individuals. Each description includes date, origin time, hypocenter, and hypocenter source of the earthquake, maximum intensity (Modified Mercalli), and macroseismic effects reported in the area.

The USGS collects macroseismic inten sity information primarily by mailing questionnaires, "Earthquake Report" forms, to postmasters in the earthquake area. Postmasters complete the forms and return them to the USGS, where they are evaluated and intensities are assigned. For damaging earthquakes, the questionnaires are sup plemented by USGS field investigations. The USGS publishes preliminary intensity data in its quarterly Earthquakes in the United States. The final information is published in the United States Earthquakes series, issued annually since 1928.

DISCUSSION OF TABLES

The earthquake values in tables 1 and

7 include date, origin time, hypocenter (epicenter and fo.cal depth), and magni tude. Table 1 also contains the Modified Mercalli (MM) intensity., The origin time and date are listed Coordinated Time (UTC). were taken principally Preliminary Determination Monthly Listings1 United States2 .

in Universal The epicenters from the USGS of Epicenters,

or Earthquakes in the The accuracy of the

epicenters is that claimed by the institution supplying the hypocenter and is not necessarily the accuracy indicated by the number of decimals listed. The epicenters located by the USGS have a varying degree of accuracy, usually two- tenths of a degree or less, depending on their continental or oceanic location. The oceanic hypocenters are less accurate than those on the continent, even though both are listed to two decimals. Depths are listed to the nearest whole kilometer.

Magnitude values listed in the tables were furnished by cooperating institutions or determined by the USGS. The computa tional sources are labeled according to the assigned letter codes shown in head- notes to the tables.

EPICENTER MAPS

Figures 1-3 are computer plots of all earthquake epicenters in the conterminous United States, Alaska, and Hawaii listed in table 1. Each earthquake is indicated by a small circle.

Figures 4-6 are computer plots of 1978 earthquakes in the conterminous United States, Alaska, and Hawaii by Modi fied Mercalli (MM) intensity. Maximum intensities are represented by Arabic numerals at the location that each occurred. Earthquakes of intensity I-IV are represented by dots.

1For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.

2Copies of these reports are available free on application to Branch of Distribu tion, U.S. Geological Survey, 1200 South Eads Street, Arlington, Va. 22202.

130° 125° 120° 115° 110° 105° 100° 95° 90° 85° 80° 75° 70°

EXPLANATIONo Magnitude <5.0 O Magnitude 5.0-5.9

30°

25°

30°

FIGURE 1. Summary of earthquake epicenters in the conterminous United States for 1978.

155° 160° 165° 170° 175° 180° 175° 170° 165° 160° 155° 150° 14S° U0° 135 = 130° 125° 120° 115°

<70 km ^70 kmo n Magnitude <5.0o a Magnitude 5.0-5.9O d Magnitude >6.0

175" 180 170° 165° 160° 155° 150° 145° 140° 135°

FIGURE 2. Summary of earthquake epicenters in Alaska for 1978.0

ISO' 159° 158° 157° 154°

21°

20°

o~JKAUAI

EXPLAh°Magnit

<

JATIONjde <5.0

0 50 k

OAHU

^HLANAI<

KAH(

m

MOLOKAI

^£>Gp>*4*

)OLAWE

°°<

V<* °

MAUI

JS,^ &\j*\ "/flh^NX^O

o

o

HAWAII

>

FIGURE 3. summary of earthquake epi centers in Hawaii for 1978.

The selection of intensity or isoseismal maps shown in the Earthquake Descriptions is governed largely by the size of the area affected. This means that sharp, localized shocks of intensity VI (which occur mostly in California) may not be represented by these maps, whereas other earthquakes of intensity V and VI (which occur largely in the Eastern and Central States) often will be illustrated because of the larger felt areas. Numerals on these computer-plotted maps represent the maximum MM intensities at each town. Isoseismal contours are a gen eralization of intensity data and are extrapolated to regions that have no observations. The contours do not include each intensity observation.

EARTHQUAKE INFORMATION SERVICES

The USGS coordinates the collection of all types of earthquake information, with the special objective of correlating instrumentally determined earthquake loca tions with noninstrumental locations indi cated by intensity data. This correlation is achieved through intensive regional investigations of earthquakes by local organizations and the USGS. Primary data are gathered by a canvass of the epicentral area using questionnaire cards. When returned and analyzed, this information is used to map the seismic areas of the coun try in order to promote public safety through a better understanding of earth quake phenomena.

The National Geophysical and Solar- Terrestrial Data Center (NGSDC), one of the five major facilities of NOAA's Environmental Data and Information Ser vice, is responsible for data activities in seismology. Its services include

preparing local and regional seismic his tories for engineers, actuaries, and other scientists and answering direct inquiries from the public on all aspects of histori cal earthquakes. Additional services and products include publishing annual earth quake summaries and revised historical earthquake reports; and making available copies of seismograms, accelerograms, dis placement meter records, digitized strong-motion seismograms, and epicenter lists in several formats. Many of these products and services are based on seismic records or other data that have originated with USGS recording networks or with USGS data-reduction facilities. Information concerning services and products of NGSDC may be obtained from the National Geo physical and Solar-Terrestrial Data Center, NOAA/EDIS, Boulder, CO 80303.

MAGNITUDE AND INTENSITY RATINGS

Magnitude, a measure of the "size" of an earthquake, is roughly related to the energy release at the focus of an earth quake. Although the magnitude scale has neither "top" nor "bottom" values the highest ever recorded was magnitude 8.9 and the lowest about -3. On this loga rithmic scale, a magnitude 6 shallow-focus earthquake represents elastic-wave energy about 30 times greater than that generated by a magnitude 5 earthquake, 900 times greater than that of a magnitude 4 shock, and so forth. Many factors enter into the determination of earthquake magnitude, including earthquake focal depth, fre quency content of the sampled energy, and the earthquake radiation pattern. Magni tude values calculated by the USGS are based on the following formulas:

MS = log (A/T) +1.66 log D + 3.3, (1)

as adopted by the International Associa tion of Seismology and Physics of the Earth's Interior (IASPEI; Bath, 1966, p. 153), where A is the maximum vertical surface-wave ground amplitude, in microme ters; T is the period, in seconds, and 18<!T_<22; and D is the distance in geocen tric degrees (station to epicenter), and 20°j<D<160 0 . No depth correction is made for depth less than 50 km, and no MS mag nitudes are computed for depths greater than 50 km.

mb = log (A/T) + Q(D,h) , (2)

as defined by Gutenberg and Richter (1956), except that T, the period in seconds, is restricted to 0 .1_<T_< 3 . 0 , "and A, the ground amplitude in micrometers, is not necessarily the maximum of the P-wave group. Q is a function of distance D and depth h, where DX5 ° .

ML = log A - log A 0 , (3)

as defined by Richter (1958, p. 340),

100° 80°

45°

35°

EXPLANATION

Intensity I-IV5 Intensity V6 Intensity VI7 Intensity VII

Figure 4. Earthquakes plotted by Modified Mercalli Intensity in the conterminous United States for 1978.

155° 160° 165° 170° 175° 180° 175° 170° 165° 160° 155° 150° 145° 140° 135° 130° 125° 120° 115"

60°

55°

50° EXPLANATION

Intensity I-IV5 intensity V6 Intensity VI

0 300 km

50°

175° 180° 175° 170' 165° 160° 155° 150° 145° 140°

Figure 5. Earthquakes plotted by Modified Mercalli Intensity in Alaska for 1978.

160° 158° 156° 154°

18°

o~-sKAUAI

EXPLA

Intens

<

NATION

ty I-IV

0 50 k

,OAHU

^ fcLANAI*

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( MAUI

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Figure 6. Earthquakes plotted by Modi fied Mercalli Intensity in Hawaii for 1978.

where A is the maximum trace amplitude in millimeters, written by a Wood-Anderson torsion seismometer, and log A0 is a stan dard value as a function of distance, where the distance is _<600 km. ML values are also calculated from other seismome ters by conversion of recorded ground motion to the expected response of the torsion seismometer:

mbLg = 3.75 + 0.90(log D) (4) + log (A/T) 0.5°<D<4°,

mbLg = 3.30 + 1.66(log D) + log(A/T) 4°_<p<30 0 ,

as proposed by Nuttli (1973), where A/T is expressed in micrometers per second, cal culated from the vertical-component 1- second Lg waves, and D is the distance in geocentric degrees.

imum intensity, which is given in the text and in table 1.

Although the Modified Mercalli Inten sity Scale is in many instances inadequate for present-day requirements, the scale has been the guide used by the USGS and NOAA and will continue to be so used until a new scale has been devised and has acceptance in the engineering and seismological communities. Questions concerning the interpretation of historical earth quake intensities should be referred to the USGS.

MODIFIED MERCALLI INTENSITY SCALE OF 1931

Adapted from Sieberg's Mercalli-Cancani scale, modified and condensed.

I. Not felt - or, except rarely under especially favorable cir cumstances. Under certain condi tions, at and outside the boun dary of the area in which a great shock is felt: sometimes birds, animals, reported uneasy or dis turbed; sometimes dizziness or nausea experienced; sometimes trees, structures, liquids, bodies of water, may sway doors may swing, very slowly.

II

IIIIntensity, as applied to earthquakes,

represents a quantity determined from the effects on people, manmade objects, and the Earth's surface (landslides, ground fissures). Intensities are assigned according to the descriptions listed in the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale of 1931 (Wood and Neumann, 1931). There are 12 discrete steps in the MM scale (see next section). An earthquake in a popu lated area will have different intensities at different localities, owing to the dis tance from the epicenter of the earth quake, local geological conditions, struc- IV. tural design of buildings, and the earth quake magnitude.

The text of this publication gives the intensity for each city where the earthquake was felt and summaries of the strongest effects reported. Each earth quake is further characterized by its max-

Felt indoors by few, especially on upper floors, or by sen sitive, or nervous persons. Also, as in grade I, but often more noticeably: sometimes hanging objects may swing, especially when delicately suspended; sometimes trees, structures, liquids, bodies of water, may sway, doors may swing, very slowly; sometimes birds, animals, reported uneasy or disturbed; sometimes dizziness or nausea experienced .

Felt indoors by several, motion usually rapid vibration. Some times not recognized to be an earthquake at first. Duration estimated in some cases. Vibra tion like that due to passing of light, or lightly loaded trucks, or heavy trucks some distance away. Hanging objects may swing slightly. Movements may be appreciable on upper levels of tall structures. Rocked standing motor cars slightly.

Felt indoors by many, outdoors by few. Awakened few, espe cially light sleepers. Frightened no one, unless apprehensive from previous experience. Vibration like that due to passing of heavy or heavily loaded trucks. Sensa tion like heavy body striking building or falling of heavy

objects inside. Rattling of dishes, windows, doors; glassware and crockery clink and clash. Creaking of walls, frame, especially in the upper range of this grade. Hanging objects swung, in numerous instances. Disturbed liquids in open vessels slightly. Rocked stand ing motor cars noticeably.

V. Felt indoors by practically all, outdoors by many or most: outdoors direction estimated. Awakened many, or most. Frightened few slight excite ment, a few ran outdoors. Buildings trembled throughout. Broke dishes, glassware, to some extent. Cracked windows--in some cases, but not generally. Overturned vases, small or unstable objects, in many instances, with occasional fall. Hanging objects, doors, swing generally or considerably. Knocked pictures against walls, or swung them out of place. Opened, or closed, doors, shutters, abruptly. Pen dulum clocks stopped, started or ran fast, or slow. Moved small objects, furnishings, the latter to slight extent. Spilled liquids in small amounts from well-filled open containers. Trees, bushes, shaken slightly.

VI. Felt by all, indoors and outdoors. Frightened many, excitement general, some alarm, many ran outdoors. Awakened all. Persons made to move unsteadily. Trees, bushes, shaken slightly to moderately. Liquid set in strong motion. Small bells rang--church, chapel, school, etc. Damage slight in poorly built buildings. Fall of plaster in small amount. Cracked plaster somewhat, especially fine cracks chimneys in some instances. Broke dishes, glassware, in considerable quantity, also some windows. Fall of knick-knacks, books, pictures. Overturned fur niture in many instances. Moved furnishings of moderately heavy kind.

VII. Frightened all general alarm, all ran outdoors. Some, or many, found it difficult to stand. Noticed by persons driv ing motor cars. Trees and bushes shaken moderately to strongly. Waves on ponds, lakes, and running water. Water turbid from mud stirred up. Incaving to some extent of sand or gravel stream banks. Rang large church bells, etc. Suspended objects made to quiver. Damage

negligible in buildings of good design and construction, slight to moderate in well- built ordinary buildings, consider able in poorly built or badly designed buildings, adobe houses, old walls (especially where laid up without mortar), spires, etc. Cracked chim neys to considerable extent, walls to some extent. Fall of plaster in considerable to large amount, also some stucco. Broke numerous windows, furniture to some extent. Shook down loosened brickwork and tiles. Broke weak chimneys at the roof-line (some times damaging roofs). Fall of cornices from towers and high buildings. Dislodged bricks and stones. Overturned heavy furniture, with damage from breaking. Damage considerable to concrete irrigation ditches.

VIII. Fright general alarm approaches panic. Disturbed persons driv ing motor cars. Trees shaken strongly branches, trunks, broken off, especially palm trees. Ejected sand and mud in small amounts. Changes: temporary, permanent; in flow of springs and wells; dry wells renewed flow; in temperature of spring and well waters. Damage slight in structures (brick) built espe cially to withstand earth quakes. Considerable in ordi nary substantial buildings, partial collapse: racked, tum bled down, wooden houses in some cases; threw out panel walls in frame structures, broke off decayed piling. Fall of walls. Cracked, broke, solid stone walls seriously. Wet ground to some extent, also ground on steep slopes. Twisting, fall, of chim neys, columns, monuments, also factory stacks, towers. Moved conspicuously, overturned, very heavy furniture.

IX. Panic general. Cracked ground con spicuously. Damage consider able in (masonry) structures built especially to withstand earthquakes: Threw out of plumb some wood-frame houses built espe cially to withstand earth quakes; great in substan tial (masonry) buildings, some collapse in large part; or wholly shifted frame buildings oft foundations, racked frames; serious to reservoirs; underground pipes sometimes broken.

X. Cracked ground, especially when loose and wet, up to widths of several inches; fissures up to

a yard in width ran parallel to canal and stream banks. Landslides considerable from river banks and steep coasts. Shifted sand and mud horizontally on beaches and flat land. Changed level of water in wells. Threw water on banks of canals, lakes, rivers, etc. Damage serious to dams, dikes, embankments. Severe to well-built wooden struc tures and bridges, some des troyed. Developed dangerous cracks in excellent brick walls. Des troyed most masonry and frame structures, also their foundations. Bent railroad rails slightly. Tore apart, or crushed endwise, pipe lines buried in earth. Open cracks and broad wavy folds in cement pavements and asphalt road surfaces.

XI. Disturbances in ground many and widespread, varying with ground material. Broad fissures, earth slumps, and land slips in soft, wet ground. Ejected water in large amounts charged with sand and mud. Caused sea-waves ("tidal" waves) of significant magnitude. Damage severe to wood-frame structures, especially near shock centers. Great to dams, dikes, embankments often for long dis tances. Few, if any (masonry) structures remained standing. Destroyed large well-built bridges by the wrecking of supporting piers, or pillars. Affected yielding wooden bridges less. Bent railroad rails greatly, and thrust them endwise. Put pipe lines buried in earth completely out of service.

XII. Damage total practically all works of construction damaged greatly or destroyed. Disturbances in ground great and varied, numerous shearing cracks. Landslides, falls of rock of significant character, slumping of river banks, etc., numerous and extensive. Wrenched loose, tore off, large rock masses. Fault slips in firm rock, with notable horizontal and vertical offset dis placements. Water channels, sur face and underground, disturbed and modified greatly. Dammed lakes, produced waterfalls, deflected rivers, etc. Waves seen on ground surfaces (actually seen, probably, in some cases). Distorted lines of sight and level. Threw objects upward into the air.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Active cooperation in earthquake investigations in the United States is provided by several seismology collabora tors. The following served as collabora tors to the USGS and NOAA during 1978.

Alabama. L. J. Eisele, Spring Hill Col lege, Mobile.

Alaska. Staff of NOAA-Alaska TsunamiWarning Center, Palmer, and J. B.Townshend, College Observatory, Col lege.

Arizona. Marc Sbar, University ofArizona, Tucson.

California (northern). Bruce A. Bolt,University of California, Berkeley.

California (southern). Clarence R. Alien,California Institute of Technology,Pasadena.

Connecticut. Robert Miller, University ofConnecticut, Groton.

Delaware. Kenneth D. Woodruff, Universityof Delaware, Newark.

Florida and Georgia. Leland T. Long,Georgia Institute of Technology,Atlanta.

Hawaii. Robert Koyanagi, USGS, HawaiianVolcano Observatory, Hawaii NationalPark.

Idaho. James K. Applegate, Boise StateUniversity, Boise.

Indiana. Robert F. Blakely, Department ofNatural Resources, Geological Survey,Bloomington.

Iowa. J. P. Kopp, Loras College, Dubuque. Kansas. Henry V. Beck, Kansas State

University, Manhattan, and Don W.Steeples, Kansas Geological Survey,Lawrence.

Kentucky. Ronald L. Street, University ofKentucky, Lex ing ton.

Michigan. F. Mauk, University of Michi gan, Ann Arbor.

Minnesota. Harold Mooney, University ofMinnesota, Minneapolis.

Missouri, Illinois, Arkansas area. OttoNuttli and Robert B. Hermann, SaintLouis University, Saint Louis.

Montana. Anthony Qamar, University ofMontana, Missoula.

New England. E. Chiburis, Boston College,Weston, Mass.

New York. Lynn R. Sykes and Yash P.Aggarwal, Lamont-Doherty GeologicalObservatory, Palisades.

Ohio. Edward J. Walter, John CarrollUniversity, Cleveland.

Oklahoma. James E. Lawson, Jr., OklahomaGeological Survey, Leonard.

Oregon. Richard W. Couch, Oregon Univer sity, Corvallis.

Pennsylvania. Benjamin F. Howell, Jr.,Pennsylvania State University,University Park.

South Carolina. Pradeep Talwani, Univer sity of South Carolina, Columbia, and

Joyce Bagwell, Baptist College of Polytechnic Institute and StateCharleston, Charleston. University, Blacksburg.

Tennessee. Berlen C. Moneymaker, Knox- Washington. Norman Rasmussen and Robertville. S. Crosson, University of Washington,

Texas. G. R. Keller, University of Texas, Seattle.El Paso. West Virginia. R. W. Laird, West Virgina

Utah. Kenneth Cook, University of Utah, University, Morgantown.Salt Lake City. Wisconsin. David E. Willis, University of

Virginia. G. A. Bollinger, Virginia Wisconsin, Milwaukee.

Earthquake Descriptions

This section lists all earthquakes alphabetically by State. The origin time of earthquake occurrences is given in Universal Coordinated Time (UTC). Times are expressed continuously from midnight to midnight, or 0 to 24 hours.

Sources of noninstrumental informa tion (macroseismic data) in this publica tion include questionnaire canvasses con ducted by the USGS; newspaper articles; bulletins of the Seismological Society of America; and special earthquake reports of other organizations. Instrumental data are provided by the USGS, National Earth quake Information Service.

Roman numerals in the earthquake descriptions refer to the Modified Mer- calli Intensity Scale of 1931 (see page 2), which gives about equal weight to the disturbance of inanimate objects and to personal reactions. When more than one degree of intensity is reported from a town, the town is assigned the highest intensity reported. All earthquake reports that contain minimal information are assigned intensity II.

[The following symbols are used to indi cate authority for arrival or origin times, epicenters, and/or magnitudes: (A) Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, Fairbanks; (B) University of Cali fornia, Berkeley; (D) University of Mon tana, Missoula; (E) U.S. Department of Energy, Las Vegas, Nevada; (G) U.S. Geo logical Survey, National Earthquake infor mation Service, Golden, Colo.; (H) U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Obser vatory, Hawaii National Park; (J) Weston Observatory, VJeston, Mass.; (K) Lee, W. H. K. and others, 1978; (L) Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory, Palisades, N.Y.; (M) NOAA, Alaska Tsunami Warning Center, Palmer; (O) Earth Physics Branch, Ottawa, Canada; (P) California Institute of Tech nology, Pasadena; (Q) Pacific Geoscience Centre, Sydney, B.C., Canada; (S) St. Louis University, St. Louis, Mo.; (T) University of Oklahoma, Leonard; (U) University of Utah, Salt Lake City; (V) Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg; (W) University of Washington, Seattle]

Alabama

1 March (G) Northern Alabama Origin time: 04 08 26.6 Epicenter: 34.42 N., 86.61 W.

Alabama Continued

Depth: Magnitude: Intensity III;

5 km2.5 mbLgHuntsville area (V).

11 December (G) Alabama-Mississippi borderarea

Origin time: 02 06 48.2

See Mississippi listing.

Alaska

5 January (G) Southern AlaskaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity III; Wasilla (M).

Intensity II;

19 56 09.861.33 N., 151.65 W.110 km4 .4 mbAnchorage (M),

Palmer (M).

6 January (G) Andreanof Islands, Aleutian Islands

Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV;

07 08 43.851.78 N., 176.01 W.63 km5.3 mbAdak (M).

6 January (G) Kenai Peninsula Origin time: 21 59 01.1 Epicenter: 60.91 N., 149.38 W. Depth: 45 km Magnitude: 4.6 mb, 4.9 ML(M) Intensity V; Girdwood (smallobjects fell, not broken).

Intensity IV; Anchorage, Chugiak,Clam Gulch, Cooper Landing, EagleRiver, Kenai, Ouzinkie, Seward,Soldotna, Whittier.

Intensity III; Elmendorf AFB, MoosePass, Palmer.

9 January (G) Southern AlaskaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity III;

07 06 05.862.00 N., 148.82 W,9 km3.5 ML(M)Anchorage, Lower

Susitna Valley, Matanuska.

9 January (G) Andreanof Islands, Aleutian Islands

Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity II;

22 18 14.651.61 N., 177.17 W.121 km3.9 mbAdak (M).

Alaska Continued Alaska Continued

10 January (A) Central Alaska 20 March (G) Southern AlaskaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity III;

12 09 16.464.74 N., 147.44 W.24 km2.8 ML(M)Fairbanks.


(M) .

03 59 05.060.18 N., 153.61 W.153 km4.9 mbAnchorage (M), Homer

18 January (G) Fox Islands, Aleutian Islands

Islands Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV;

20 March (G) Southern Alaska

17 04 18.152.92 N., 166.43 W.70 kmNone computed.Unalaska (M).

Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity III; Intensity II;

08 15 37.559.84 N., 153.24 W.134 km3.8 mbSoldotna (M).Homer (M), Kenai (M)

22 January (G) Cook InletOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity III;

02 02 54.060.24 N., 152 .33 W.115 kmNone computed.Anchorage (M).

00 38 13.461.77 N., 151.41 W.90 km5.1 mbAnchorage (M),

27 January (G) Kenai PeninsulaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity III:

18 52 59.260.37 N., 151.12 W.70 km4.7 mbAnchorage (M), Eagle

31 March (G) Southern AlaskaOrigin time:Epicenter:Depth:Magnitude:Intensity IV;

Chugiak, Cooper Landing, Girdwood, Kasilof, Kenai, Skwentna, Talkeetna, Tyonek, Wasilla, Whit- tier, Willow.

Intensity III; Elmendorf AFB, Homer (M), Moose Pass, Palmer (M).

9 April (G) Kenai PeninsulaRiver (M) , Kenai (M), Soldotna (M)

28 January (G) Kenai PeninsulaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity III;

(M) . Intensity II; Anchorage (M).

18 53 06.860.07 N., 151.33 W.77 km4.5 mbKenai (M), Nikishka

12 February (G) Cook Inlet Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV:

08 56 38.9 59.45 N., 152.62 W. 72 km 5.4 mb

_______ Anchor Point, Homer, Ouzinkie, Seldovia.

Intensity III: Kodiak, Kokhanok,Port Graham.

Intensity II: English Bay (M), Homer (M), King Salmon (M).

16 February (G) Southern Alaska

Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity III;

(M). Intensity II;

12 April (G) Kodiak Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude:

Intensity V; Intensity IV;

(M) .Intensity III; Intensity II;Bay (M).

17 12 59.960.69 N., 151.84 W.101 km4.5 mbAnchorage (M), Kenai

Homer (M).

Island region 03 42 03.5 56.42 N., 152.69 W. 14 km6.0 mb, 6.6 MS, 6.5

MS(B), 6.3 MS(P), 5.8 ML(A)

Sitkinak Island. Kodiak, Old Harbor

Ouzinkie.Olqa Bay (M), Zechar

Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV:

20 53 49.061.31 N., 144.89 W.Normal.4.1 ML(M)Chitina.

19 April (G) Southern Alaska Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity II;

01 49 03.560.14 N., 153.54 W.158 km4.6 mbAnchorage (M).

19 April (G) Southern Alaska

6 March (G) Andreanof Islands, Aleutian Islands


18 40 23.651.76 N. , 175.81 W.65 km4.7 mbAdak (M).


14 52 18.161.00 N., 146.49 W,40 km3,. 3 ML(M)Valdez (M).

21 April (G) Central AlaskaOrigin time: 20 40 37.7


Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity II;

64.53 N., 147.95 W. 30 km 3.7 ML(M) College (M).

24 April (G) Andreanof Islands, Aleutian Islands

25 May (G) Central Alaska Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV;

10 39 57.464.55 N., 152.59 W.Normal.4.0 MLTanana.


04 28 47.051.64 N., 176.09 W.53 km5.2 mb, 4.8 MSAdak.

31 May (G) Southern Alaska

5 May (G) Southern Alaska Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV:Willow to Wide Pass (M).

Intensity III: Anchorage to Palmer (M).

Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity II:

18 29 25.661.36 N., 149.70 W.44 km3.0 ML(M)Palmer (M).

05 32 47.463.30 N., 150.97 W.134 km5.2 mbSkwentna, Talkeetna,

10 June (G) Alaska PeninsulaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude:

Intensity II Intensity I;

08 23 59.657.92 N., 156.72 W.10 km4.5 mb, 3.9 MS,

4.6 ML(M) Egegik (M). King Salmon (M).

11 May (G) Andreanof Islands, AleutianIslands

Origin time: 00 23 37.6 Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude:

10 June (G) Southern Alaska

51.67 N., 176.10 W, 59 km5.6 mb, 5.9 MS,

5.8 MS(B)Intensity IV: Adak (M).

12 May (G) Central AlaskaOrigin time: 12 16 03.9Epicenter: 62.25 N., 149.40 W.Depth: 67 kmMagnitude: 5.1 mb

Felt throughout the Susitna Valley (press report).

Intensity IV: Anchorage, Chugiak, Elmendorf AFB, Gakona, Girdwood, Glennallen, Gold Creek (M), Homer, Kashwitna (M) , McKinley Park', Pal mer (M), Skwentna, Talkeetna, Wasilla (M), Whittier.

Intensity III; Fairbanks (M).Intensity II: Ester, Moose Pass.

24 May (G) Andreanof Islands, Aleutian Islands

Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV; Intensity III:

(M).

19 35 10.260.30 N., 146.45 W.20 km4.8 mb, 4.7 ML(M)Cordova (M).Anchorage (M), Valdez

12 June (G) Kenai Peninsula, AlaskaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity III:

07 30 39.359.86 N., 150.76 W.55 km4 .0 mbHomer (M).

22 June (G) Andreanof Islands, Aleutian Islands

Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude:

Intensity III;

05 41 27.751.61 N., 179.41 W,Normal.4.8 mb, 5.9 MS,

5.0 ML(M) Adak (M).

13 July (G) Southern Alaska


Intensity IV:

06 16 55.451.23 N., 179.21 W.25 km6.0 mb, 6.7 MS,

6.4 mb(P), 6.2 MS(P), 6.4 MS(B)

Adak (M).


15 27 33.562.11 N., 149.95 W,40 km3.5 ML(M)Palmer (M).

16 July (G) Central Alaska

24 May (G) Andreanof Islands, Aleutian Islands


05 03 02.363.57 N., 150.52 W,31 km3.5 ML(M)McKinley Park (M).


09 53 03.451.13 N., 179.20 W,Normal.5.2 mb, 5.4 MSAdak.

19 July (A) Southern AlaskaOrigin time: 18 54 32.8 Epicenter: 61.33 N., 149.98 W, Depth: 13 km Magnitude: 3.0 ML(M)


Intensity II: Chugiak (M), Eagle River (M), Susitna Flats 15 km north of Anchorage (A).

23 July (G) Central AlaskaOrigin time: 15 19 35.5 Epicenter: 63.31 N., 147.26 W. Depth: Normal. Magnitude: 5.0 mb, 4.8 ML(M) Intensity III; Throughout central Alaska (M).

27 July (G) Central AlaskaOrigin time: 14 18 48.0 Epicenter: 65.00 N., 147.60 W. Depth: 20 km Magnitude: 3.8 ML(A) Intensity IV: Fairbanks.

27 July (G) Central AlaskaOrigin time: 15 51 42.2Epicenter: 64.85 N., 147.59 W.Depth: 10 kmMagnitude: 3.6 ML(A)Intensity III; Fairbanks (press

report).

27 July (G) Central AlaskaOrigin time: 17 11 21.1 Epicenter: 64.93 N., 148.02 W. Depth: 10 km Magnitude: 3.7 ML(A) Intensity III; Fairbanks (press

report).

3 August (G) Kenai PeninsulaOrigin time: 06 33 30.9Epicenter: 59.78 N., 151.15 W.Depth: 89 kmMagnitude: None computed.Intensity III; Homer (M).

8 August (G) Southern Alaska09 30 03.361.39 N., 146.91 W.53 km4.3 mbPalmer (few windows

Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity V;

cracked). Intensity IV: Delta Junction,Glennallen, Valdez, Whittier.

Intensity III; Anchorage (M), Girdwood.

Intensity II: Chugiak.

13 August (G) Southern Alaska

Depth: 123 kmMagnitude: 5.4 mb, 5.7 mb(B)Intensity VI; Clam Gulch (cracked plasterboard, hairline cracks in exterior cinderblock walls, small objects shifted).

Intensity V: Sterling.Intensity IV: Anchorage, Chugiak, Cooper Landing, Eagle River, Gird- wood, Homer, Kenai, Larsen Bay, Moose Pass, Port Lions, Seldovia, Skwentna, Tyonek, Whittier.

Intensity III; Cordova (M), Healey (M), King Salmon (M), Kodiak (M), Soldotna, Spenard, Willow.

Intensity II; Fairbanks (M), Nikishka.

22 August (G) Central AlaskaOrigin time: 04 13 55.3 Epicenter: 65.16 N., 151.99 W. Depth: 14 km Magnitude: 4.0 ML(M) Intensity II; Tanana (M).

22 August (G) Central AlaskaOrigin time: 09 53 24.2 Epicenter: 65.23 N., 152.12 W. Depth: 17 km Magnitude: 3.8 ML(M) Intensity II; Tanana (M).

22 August (A) Central AlaskaOrigin time: 10 12 02.8 Epicenter: 64.92 N., 152.53 W, Depth: 1 km Magnitude: 3.8 ML(A) Intensity II; Tanana.

22 August (A) Central AlaskaOrigin time: 10 29 08.0 Epicenter: 64.99 N., 152.31 W, Depth: 1 km Magnitude: 3.4 ML(A) Intensity II; Tanana.

26 August (G) Central AlaskaOrigin time: 13 44 31.2 Epicenter: 65.08 N., 152.36 W. Depth: Normal. Magnitude: 3.3 ML(A) Intensity II: Tanana (M).

3 September (A) Central Alaska

00 49 41.062.28 N., 149.71 W.65 km4.1 mbAnchorage, Chugiak,

Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV:Skwentna.

Intensity III; Big Lake (M), Palmer(M), Wasilla (M).

18 August (G) Southern AlaskaOrigin time: 18 52 28.4 Epicenter: 59.89 N., 153.53 W.

Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity II; Fairbanks (A).

06 27 05.464.58 N. , 147.16 W11 km3.9 MLEielson AFB (A),

18 September (G) Central Alaska Origin time: 17 02 54.9 Epicenter: 63.66 N., 147.59 W, Depth: 88 km Magnitude: None computed. Intensity IV: Cantwell, Usibelli.


Intensity II; (A).

Talkeetna (A), Willow 4 October (G) Near Islands, Aleutian Islands

19 September (G) Southern AlaskaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity III

(A). Intensity II;

08 37 56.061.34 N., 147.18 W.32 km3.9 ML(M)Anchorage to Valdez

Gakona, Valdez.


19 55 17.550.93 N., 173.53 E.Normal.5.3 mb, 5.0 MSShemya Island (M).

6 October (G) Southern Alaska

20 September (G) Southern AlaskaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV:

Sutton. Intensity II;

11 46 05.961.92 N., 149.23 W.8 km3.8 ML(M)Girdwood, Palmer,

Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity III

area (M). Intensity II;

(M).

05 54 05.261.93 N., 150.67 W.6 km4.6 ML(M)Willow-Hatcher Pass

Palmer (M), Wasilla

__________ Anchorage (M), Independence Mine area (M), Skwentna.

21 September (G) Southern Alaska Origin time: 14 45 19.6 Epicenter: 61.11 N., 151.81 W. Depth: 81 km Magnitude: 4.5 mb Intensity IV: Anchorage (M), Eagle

River (M), Girdwood, Kenai, Palmer,Soldotna, Sterling.

Intensity II: Sutton.

25 September (G) Andreanof Islands,Aleutian Islands

Origin time:Epicenter:Depth:Magnitude:Intensity II:report).

17 October (G) Andreanof Islands, AleutianIslands

Origin time: 20 50 48.7 Epicenter: 51.72 N., 176.94 W. Depth: 61 km Magnitude: 5.0 mb

Eighty-six questionnaires were com pleted for this earthquake from the Naval Air Station, Adak Island. The evaluated intensities from the information on these questionnaires ranged from intensity IV to VI.


09 37 01.951.79 N., 175.28 W,62 km4.6 mbAdak (telephone


04 29 31.562.20 N., 151.05 W.102 kmNone computed.Talkeetna.


26 September (G) Central AlaskaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity III:

16 08 18.664.99 N., 147.55 W.27 km3.7 mb, 3.9 ML(M)Eielson AFB (A),


11 11 38.460.96 N., 150.32 W.48 km3.3 mbAnchorage area (M).


Fairbanks, North Pole (A).

28 September (G) Central Alaska23 53 13.7 63.99 N. 147.71 W. Normal.4.4 mb, 4.5 ML(M) Big Delta (M), Delta

Junction (A), Fairbanks (M), Healey (M), Nenana (M), North Pole (M), Solcha (A).



12 28 30.161.91 N., 149.57 W.Normal.3.5 mb, 3.4 ML(M)Palmer area (M).

14 November (G) Central AlaskaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity II:

22 27 45.764.54 N., 147.03 W.25 km3.7 MLFairbanks area (M).

4 October (G) Andreanof Islands, AleutianIslands

Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude:Intensity IV;

18 53 00.151.81 N., 177.05 W.58 km4.5 mbAdak Island (M).

19 November (G) Near Islands, AleutianIslands

Origin time: 19 42 35.7 Epicenter: 52.70 N., 172.48 E. Depth: 47 kmMagnitude: Intensity V;

5.3 mb(G), 5.2 MS(G) Shemya Island.


24 November (G) Southern Alaska 22 December (G) Alaska PeninsulaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity II;

(M) .

00 28 12.862.03 N., 150.52 W.74 km4.5 mbPalmer (M), Talkeetna


03 25 29.955.57 N., 160.37 W.12 km4.5 mb, 4.2 ML(M)Sand Point (M).

24 November (G) Southern AlaskaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity II;

08 50 45.461.99 N., 150.51 W,77 km3.2 mbWillow (M).

2 December (G) Kenai PeninsulaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity V:

21 57 20.059.69 N., 151.66 W,13 km3.7 ML(M)Homer.

3 December (G) Central Alaska

24 December (G) Central Alaska Origin time: 13 13 08.1 Epicenter: 63.56 N., 157.59 W. Depth: Normal. Magnitude: 5.0 mb(G), 4.4 MS(G),

5.3 ML(M)Intensity IV; Galena Airport (peo

ple were awakened and the control tower was evacuated).

Arizona

10 March (P) Baja CaliforniaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV;

(M) . Intensity III

(M), Willow (M) . Intensity II; Wasilla.

4 December (G) Central Alaska

19 39 31.262.31 N., 149.75 W.74 km4.7 mbChugiak, Talkeetna

Anchorage (M), Palmer

Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity III: report).

20 34 36.232.33 N., 115.03 W,5 km3.5 MLYuma (telephone


12 11 06.465.04 N. , 147.51 W,24 km3.3 ML (M)Fairbanks (M).

8 December (G) Northern AlaskaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity II;

10 01 51.568.33 N., 145.17 W.Normal.4.0 ML(M)Fairbanks (M).

15 December (G) Rat Islands, Aleutian Islands

11 March (G) Baja CaliforniaOrigin time: 23 57 46.8 Epicenter: 32.26 N., 115.12 W. Depth: 5 km Magnitude: 4.8 mb, 5.0 ML(P)

This earthquake destroyed approxi mately 30 houses, cracked dozens of buildings, and interrupted electric power and telephone communications in the cities of San Luis, Sonora, and Luis Sanchez, Mexico.

Intensity VI; Arizona Yuma(cracked plaster).

Intensity III; California El Centro(press report).

12 March (G) Baja California


08 30 34.752.11 N. , 175.23 E47 km5.6 mb, 5.6 MS,

5.4 MS(B) Shemya AFB (light

Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV; Intensity III;

00 30 15.732.23 N., 115.14 W.5 km4.5 mb, 4.7 ML(P)Ari zona--Yuma.California southern

Intensity V;furniture and small objectsshifted) .

Intensity IV; Attu.

17 December (G) Central AlaskaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV;

Fairbanks.

13 15 26.063.95 N., 147.42 W.22 km4.8 mb, 4.6 ML(M)Clear AFR (M), Ester,

Imperial Valley (telephone report)

12 March (G) Raja California Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity VI;Arizona Yuma (cracked plaster,

cracked streets). Intensity IV:Arizona Somerton.California Imperial, Winterhaven.

18 42 24.332.26 N., 115.11 W.5 km4.9 mb, 4.9 ML(P)

Arizona Continued California Continued

16 March (P) Baja CaliforniaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV;

01 51 10.132.30 N., 115.12 W,5 km4.2 mb(G), 4.2 MLYuma.

5 May (P) Baja CaliforniaOrigin time: 21 03 15.8

See California listing.

Arkansas

31 August (S) New Madrid, Missouri region Origin time: 00 31 00.3

See Tennessee listing.

23 September (S) Southern ArkansasOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV:

07 33 57.533.65 N., 91.89 W.2 km3.1 mbLgWilmar.

21 November (S) Northeastern ArkansasOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity II;

23 31 22.135.97 N., 89.92 W,10 km2.4 MLBlytheville.

California

4 January (B) Northern CaliforniaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV; Intensity III;

12 23 00.540.65 N., 124.77 W,27 km3.7 MLFerndale, Fortuna.Eel River Valley.

6 January (B) Northern CaliforniaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV:

10 42 44.839.42 N., 123.33 W.14 km2.9 MLWillits.

14 January (B) Northern CaliforniaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity III;

15 45 45.638.81 N., 122.79 W.5 km3.1 MLSouthern Lake County

(press report).

15 January (B) Northern CaliforniaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV:

14 38 26.239.14 N., 123.25 W.5 km3.0 MLUkiah (press report)

Intensity III: report).

Willits (press

17 January (R) Northern CaliforniaOrigin time: 20 59 12.9Epicenter: 39.15 N., 123.26 W.Depth: 8 kmMagnitude: 2.9 MLIntensity V; Ukiah (hairline crack

in the wall, dishes rattled, build ings swayed--press report).

25 January (P) Southern CaliforniaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity III;

10 40 50.034.32 N., 118.33 W.5 km2.7 MLLa Crescenta, Sylmar.

28 January (B) Northern California Origin time: 08 49 02.5 Epicenter: 39.40 N., 123.35 W. Depth: 5 km Magnitude: 2.5 ML(B) Intensity V: Willits (furniture

and small objects moved; people awakened; windows, doors, dishes rattled).

31 January (P) Southern CaliforniaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity III;

worth.

14 18 10.034.18 N., 118.63 W.6 km2.1 MLCanoga Park, Chats-

6 February (P) Southern CaliforniaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity III;

00 39 25.834.03 N., 116.78 W.6 km3.1 MLPalm Springs.

6 February (P) Southern CaliforniaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity III;

01 01 28.934.03 N., 116.78 W,6 km3.3 MLPalm Springs.

6 February (P) Imperial ValleyOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV;

12 57 14.2 33.25 N., 115.57 W. 4 km 3.4 ML

__ _Niland (many awak ened; windows, doors, dishes rat tled; buildings shook).

Intensity III; Brawley (telephone report).

7 February (B) Northern CaliforniaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV;

13 39 22.7 39.41 N., 123.17 W. 5 km2.7 ML(B) Willits (many awak-

California Continued California Continued

ened; small objects shifted; build ings shook; windows, doors, dishes rattled).

11 February (P) Imperial ValleyOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity II;

01 45 30.533.02 N., 115.53 W,7 km2.5 MLBrawley.

11 February (P) Imperial ValleyOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity II;

01 45 51.033.02 N., 115.53 W.5 km2.5 MLBrawley.

11 February (P) Imperial Valley^Origin time: Epicenter: Magnitude: Depth: Intensity III:

02 25 51.433.02 N., 115.53 W,3.1 ML6 kmBrawley.

13 February (P) Southern CaliforniaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity II;

18 04 06.334.02 N., 117.22 W.6 km2.9 MLRedlands.

14 February (B) Northern CaliforniaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity II;

16 33 46.938.41 N., 122.65 W.8 km2.8 MLSanta Rosa.

14 February (B) Northern CaliforniaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity II;

20 03 09.538.42 N., 122.66 W.9 km2.5 MLSanta Rosa.

14 February (B) Northern CaliforniaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV; Intensity III:

21 03 55.440.30 N., 124.27 W.10 km4.0 MLRio Dell.Ferndale, Fortuna.

23 February (P) Imperial ValleyOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV;

16 43 03.732.82 N., 115.60 W.19 km3.6 MLImperial, Seeley.

1 March (P) Southern CaliforniaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity VI;

04 54 31.234.53 N., 116.77 W.5 km4.4 ML, 4.4 ML(B)White Water (cracked

Intensity V; Colton, Fawnskin, Highland.

Intensity IV: Angelus Oaks, Apple Valley, Big Bear City, Bryn Mawr, Chino, Crestline, Etiwanda, Green Valley Lake, Montrose, Mount Baldy, Palomar Mountain, Rimforest, San Bernardino, Twin Peaks.

Intensity III; Barstow, Big Bear Lake, Crest Park, Del Rosa, Lake Arrowhead, Lucerne Valley, Newberry Springs, Norton AFB, Victorville (press report).

Intensity II; Azusa, Blue Jay, Bur- bank, Daggett, West Covina (press report), Wrightwood.

8 March (P) Southern CaliforniaOrigin time: 14 49 34.9Epicenter: 33.83 N., 117.88 W.Depth: 5 kmMagnitude: 2.9 MLIntensity IV; Anaheim (Brookhurst

Center, Sunkist), Fullerton, Long Beach, Orange, Placentia, Santa Ana, Westminster.

Intensity III; Brea (press report), Buena Park (press report), Cypress (press report), Garden Grove, La Mirada, Midway City, Stanton, Sunny Hills, Tustin (press report), Yorba Linda.

11 March (G) Baja CaliforniaOrigin time: 23 57 46.8

See Arizona listing.





13 March (P) Southern California16 38 15.733.93 N., 117.98 W.4 km3.2 MLLa Mirada (cracked

Buena Park, La Habra,

plaster; light furniture shifted).

Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity VI;plaster).

Intensity V;Surfside.

Intensity IV; Anaheim (pressreport), Bellflower, Fullerton,Perry, Pico Rivera, Whittier.

Intensity III; Alhambra, Brea (pressreport), Compton, Manhattan Beach,Rowland Heights.

Intensity II; La Puente, Norwalk,Santa Ana.

14 March (P) Southern California Origin time: 16 09 51.2

California Continued124° 123° 122°

Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: IntensityIntensitySprings,

IV:III:

33.95 N., 4 km 2.5 ML La Habra. Fullerton

117.97

, Santa

w.

FeWhittier.

15 March (P) Imperial ValleyOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity III;

(telephone report).

04 02 49.432.78 N., 115.53 W.5 km2.9 MLEl Centre, Imperial

15 March (P) Imperial ValleyOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity III;

04 09 39.732.78 N., 115.57 W.5 km3.2 MLEl Centro, Imperial

(telephone report).

20 March (P) Southern CaliforniaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity III;

00 07 56.736.00 N., 117.87 W,1 km3.0 ML, 3.6 ML(B)Haiwee Reservoir

(telephone report).

21 March (B) Northern CaliforniaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV;

Dell, Scotia. Intensity III;

14 05 12.140.44 N., 124.45 W.11 km3.5 MLBayside, Loleta, Rio

Ferndale.

26 March (B) Northern California Origin time: 00 27 04.8 Epicenter: 39.21 N., 123.17 W. Depth: 9 km Magnitude: 4.9 mb(G), 4.4 ML

This earthquake was felt over an area of about 8,200 sq km centered in the Ukiah area (fig. 7).

Loss of about $10,000 from glass bot tles and containers being thrown to the floor and broken was sustained by grocery and liquor stores in the Ukiah area. This earthquake trig gered three accelerographs located at Coyote Dam near nkiah (Porcella, 1978a). The accelerographs arc located at the center crest, center toe, and south abutment of the dam. Maximum acceleration recorded at the crest was 0.30 cj, at the toe was 0.34 £, and at the south abut ment was 0 . 20 cj.

The press reported damage at a new warehouse at the Parducci Winery south of Ukiah. Huge storage tanks in the warehouse, welded to plates

Epicenter

6 Felt at intensity 6

o Not felt

FIGURE 7. Isoseismal map for the north ern California earthquake of 26 March 1978, 00 27 04.4 UTC. Roman numerals represent Modi fied Mercalli intensities between isoseismals; Arabic numerals are used to represent these intensities at specific

California Continued

on the floor to hold them rigid, contained 200 tons of liquid. The liquid moved and about 1,000 gal lons spilled, damaging the tanks. Liquid in free-floating tanks in another building sustained minor spillage, but there was no damage to the tanks. The drop ceiling in the new warehouse was also damaged,

Intensity VI; Comptche (windows broken), Ukiah (pictures fell, glass bottles and jars broken in grocery and liquor stores, burglar alarm set off, damage to Parducci Winery).

Intensity V; Boonville, Clearlake Highlands, Finley, Kelseyville, Lakeport, Manchester, Potter Val ley, Redwood Valley, Talmage, Wil- lits, Witter Springs.

Intensity IV; Albion, Clearlake Park, Cloverdale, Elk, Fort Bragg, Glenhaven, Lucerne, Mendocino, Monte Rio, Navarro, Philo, Stewarts Point, Westport.

Intensity III; Hopland, Upper Lake.Intensity II; Loch Lomond.


26 March (B) Northern CaliforniaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV: Intensity III:

00 34 11.939.21 N., 123.14 W,5 km3.1 MLTalmage, Ukiah.Willits.

26 March (B) Northern CaliforniaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV; Intensity III;

01 19 10.039.20 N., 123.17 W,10 km3.6 mb(G), 3.6 MLTalmage, Ukiah.Willits.

26 March (B) Northern CaliforniaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV: Intensity III;

02 29 16.939.21 N., 123.17 W,5 km3.3 MLTalmaqe, Ukiah.Willits.

26 March (B) Northern CaliforniaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV; Intensity III;

04 28 18.639.23 N., 123.19 W,3 km3.5 MLTalmage, Ukiah.Comptche, Willits.

27 March (B) Northern CaliforniaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV:

Rio Dell. Intensity III;

08 44 03.040.43 N., 124.31 W,14 km3.2 MLFerndale, Fortuna,

Scotia (pressreport), Weotl.

1 April (P) Southern California Origin time: 10 52 27.4 Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity V:

Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV; Intensity III;

39.14 N., 123.19 W.5 km3.2 MLTalmage, Willits.Redwood Valley, Ukiah.

14 April (P) Central CaliforniaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity II;

Station.

10 01 05.235.28 N., 116.83 W.5 km3.7 MLGoldestone Tracking

18 April (P) Southern CaliforniaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity II;

22 42 36.233.88 N., 117.55 W,6 km3.0 MLCorona, Riverside.

22 April (P) Southern CaliforniaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity III;

(P) .

13 04 27.834.05 N., 118.97 W.14 km3.4 mb(G), 3.2 MLMalibu to Point Dume

25 April (P) Imperial Valley regionOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity II;

04 58 38.233.00 N., 115.58 W.11 km2.4 MLBrawley (P).

25 April (P) Imperial Valley regionOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity II:

05 13 25.333.00 N., 115.58 W,9 km2.3 MLBrawley (P).

34.20 N., 116.97 W.6 km4.2 ML, 3.8 mb(G)Angelus Oaks, Big

Bear City, Llano, Rosamund. Intensity IV; Big Bear Lake, Blue

Jay, Bryn Mawr, Cedar Glen, Coachella, Fawn-skin, Forest Falls, Green Valley Lake, Highland, Loma Linda, Lucerne Valley, Redlands, Running Springs, Sunnymead, Yucaipa.

Intensity III: Palm Springs.

4 April (B) Northern California


21 56 30.233.72 N., 118.37 W.4 km2.5 MLLong Beach (P).


06 08 21.933.95 N., 118.30 W.5 km2.7 MLHawthorne (P), Los

Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity II: Creek (B).

03 23 31.i37.84 N., 122.06 W.8 km.2.5 MLAlamo (R), Walnut

Angeles (P), Northern Orange County (press report), Santa Monica (P).

29 April (P) Southern California

8 April (B) Northern California Origin time: 09 22 18.9

Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity III:

(P).

03 32 11.833.83 N., 117.73 W.5 km3.2 ML, 4.6 mb(G)Santa Ana, Villa Park


29 April (P) Southern California04 03 46.234.23 N., 116.57 W.6 km3.8 MLLanders.Fawnskin,

Origin time:Epicenter:Depth:Magnitude:Intensity V;Intensity IV; Fawnskin, Lake Arrow

head, Riverside.Intensity III; Helendale, Orange, Santa Ana.

Intensity II; Anaheim Hills (press report), Big Bear (P), Tustin (press report).

1 May (P) Southern California

Intensity III; report).

East San Jose (press

11 May (P) Southern CaliforniaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity III;

05 47 32.434.00 N., 118.35 W.5 km2.8 ML

_________ Culver City, Ingle- wood, Los Angeles, Santa Monica, Southgate.

11 May (B) Central California


08 02 54.434.37 N., 119.97 W.5 km3.7 MLGoleta, Santa Barbara.


11 56 05.637.37 N., 121.76 W.3 km3.8 MLEast San Jose.


5 May (P) Baja CaliforniaOrigin time: 21 03 15.8Epicenter:Depth:Magnitude:

32.22 N., 115.32 W.5 km4.8 mb(G), 4.1 MS(G) ,

5.5 ML Intensity IV:Arizona--San Luis, Yuma. California Calexico, Del Mar, Cam-

po, El Centro, Heber, Ocotillo, Potrero, Seeley.

Intensity III ;California--Plaster City, San

Diego.

6 May (B) Owens Valley region


11 56 56.637.37 N., 121.76 W.2 km3.8 MLEast San Jose.

11 May (B) Central CaliforniaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV:

12 18 11.837.38 N., 121.75 W,4 km3.7 mb(G), 3.7 MLEast San Jose.



10 14 14.937.47 N., 118.57 W,8 km3.7 MLBishop.


12 28 03.537.38N., 121.75 W.4 km3.4 MLEast San Jose.

11 May (P) Southern California

May (B) Central California Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity II;

01 07 02.436.83 N., 120.03 W,9 km3.3 MLMadera.


17 57 40.634.00 N., 118.45 W.5 km2.9 MLBeverly Hills, Ingle-

wood, Santa Monica.


May (B) Central California Origin time: 06 56 23.3 Epicenter: 37.37 N., 121.75 W. Depth: 3 km Magnitude: 3.4 ML

This earthquake is the beginning of a swarm along the Caleveras fault northeast of San Jose.


Canyon.

21 56 06.936.64 N., 121.31 W.4 km3.7 mb(G), 3.7 MLHollister, Stone

22 May (B) Northern California

Intensity III; report).

East San Jose (press

10 May (B) Central CaliforniaOrigin time: 15 55 40.5Epicenter: 37.38 N., 121.75 W.Depth: 2 kmMagnitude: 3.3 ML

Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity II; Canyon (B).

22 01 58.236.64 N., 121.31 W.5 km2.9 MLHollister (B), Stone

19

23 May (P) Southern CaliforniaOrigin time: 09 16 50.8Epicenter: 33.90 N., 119.17 W.Depth: 5 km

California Continued118° 117'

Magnitude: 4.0 mb(G), 3.9 MLIntensity IV: Compton, Hollywood Beach (press report), Oxnard (press report), Port Hueneme (press report), Silver Strand Beach.

Intensity III: Glendale.Intensity II; Point Mugu.

27 May (B) Northern California34°


18 22 41.338.54 N., 122.74 W.9 km3.8 MLSanta Rosa (B),

Sonoma County (B).

31 May (P) Imperial Valley regionOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity II;

05 16 49.232.87 N., 115.48 W,10 km2.7 MLBrawley.

31 May (P) Imperial Valley regionOrigin time: 11 44 45.2Epicenter: 32.87 N., 115.48 W.Depth: 10 kmMagnitude: 2.9 MLIntensity II: Brawley.

4 June (P) Southern CaliforniaOrigin time: 03 57 17.3Epicenter: 33.92 N., 117.83 W.Depth: 6 kmMagnitude: 3.5 ML

This earthquake was felt over an area of approximately 1,800 sq km (fig. 8).

Intensity V; Whittier (light fur niture and small objects shifted).

Intensity IV; Anaheim, Arcadia, Atwood, Big Bear City, Bonsall, Brea, Buena Park, Burbank, Costa Mesa, Covina, Cudahy, Cypress, Dia mond Bar, Downey,. El Segundo, Fawnskin, Fountain Valley, Fuller- ton, Garden Grove, Gardena, Glen- dale, Hancock, Ladera Heights, La Habra, Long Beach, Los Angeles, Maywood, Midway City, Monrovia, Monterey Park, Montrose, Murrieta, Norwalk, Paramount, Pasadena, Pla- centia, Pomona, San Jacinto, Sierra Madre, South Gate, Stanton, Sunset Beach, Vista, West Covina, Westmin ster, Wildomar, Yorba Linda.

Intensity III; Glendora, Glenoaks, Los Alamitos, Santa Ana.

Intensity II; Altadena, Green Val ley Lake, Huntington Beach, Montclair, Phelan, San Gabriel, Van Nuys .

5 June (P) Southern CaliforniaOrigin time: 16 03 03.8Epicenter: 33.42 N., 116.70 W.

EXPLANATION

"& Epicenter 3 Felt at intensity 5 Not felt

';l,Yorba Linda Sar/Jacin°to

|^V Avalon

0 50 km

CALIFORNIA

Phelan »Big B ;ar City

?Wildomar

Bonsall

FIGURE 8. Isoseismal map for the south ern California earthquake of 4 June 1978, 03 57 17.3 UTC. Roman numerals represent Modified Mercalli intensities between isoseismals; Arabic numerals are used to represent these intensities at specific sites.


Depth: Magnitude:

12 km3.9 mb(G), 4.4 ML

20

This earthquake was felt over an area of approximately 11,000 sq km (fig. 9).

Intensity V; Anza (hairline cracks in exterior brick walls, small objects shifted), Winchester (few cracked windows; windows, doors, and dishes rattled).

Intensity IV: Aguanga, Alpine, Ban ning, Bonita, Borrego Springs, Camp Pendleton, El Cajon, Escondido, Guatay, Hemet, Idyllwild, Indio, Jamul, Julian, La Mirada, Laguna Niguel, Lakeside, North Palm Springs, Pala, Palm Springs, Palomar Mountain, Pauma Valley, Pico Rivera, Pine Valley, Pomona, Ramona, Ranchita, San Diego, San Diego NAB, San Marcos, Santa Ysa- bel, Valley Center, Vista, Warner Springs.

Intensity III; Boulevard, Del Mar, La Jolla, Mountain Center, North Shore, Palm Desert, Pico Rivera, Rincon Springs (press report), San Diego--Lindbergh Field, South Whit- tier.

Intensity II; Lake Elsinore, Mt. Baldy.

118° 117° 116°

34°

33°

CALIFORNIA

Mount BaldyDfl *

EXPLANATION

EpicenterFelt at intensity 5Not felt

Pico F iveraT

kSLaguna Niguel

FIGURE 9. Isoseismal map for the south ern California earthquake of 5 June 1978, 16 03 03.8 UTC. Roman numerals represent Modified Mercalli intensities between isoseismals; Arabic numerals are used to represent these intensities at specific sites.


11 June (B) Northern CaliforniaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity II:

20 12 03.941.44 N., 121.89 W.2 km3.5 MLMt. Shasta area (B)

12 June (B) Northern CaliforniaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity II;

09 18 44.141.46 N., 121.86 W.2 km3.8 MLMt. Shasta area (B)


Shatter.Intensity II; Buena Vista pumping plant (P), New Cuyama, Santa Bar bara (P), Saugus.

25 June (P) Southern CaliforniaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity II;

07 31 11.434.05 N., 117.27 W.5 km3.1 MLFontana (P).

2 July (B) Northern California11 57 57.0 36.90 N., 122.18 W. 10 km 4.2 MLCapitola (small Watsonville (small

Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity V;objects fell),objects fell).

Intensity IV: Aptos, Boulder Creek,Davenport, East Santa Cruz, Felton,Mount Herman, Pescadero, Salinas,Santa Cruz.

Intensity II; Brookdale, SantaClara.

5 July (P) Southern California Origin time: 10 47 55.6 Epicenter: 33.88 N., 116.50 W. Depth: 1 km Magnitude: 3.8 ML Intensity V; North Palm Springs

(small objects fell, few windowscracked, light furniture shifted).

Intensity IV; Banning, Desert HotSprings (press report), Indio,Landers, Palm Springs.

18 July (B) Central CaliforniaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV; Intensity III;

19 09 03.736.99 N., 121.67 W.5 km2.9 MLCorralitos.Watsonville.

14 June (P) Southern California21 July (P) Southern California


04 27 49.434.38 N., 118.63 W.6 km2.9 MLNewhall (P).


13 24 41.934.05 N., 118.90 W13 km3.0 MLNewbury Park (P),

16 June (P) Central CaliforniaOrigin time: 04 21 31.9Epicenter: 35.03 N., 119.13 W.Depth: 5 kmMagnitude: 4.1 mb(G), 4.1 ML,

4.4 ML(B)Intensity V; Mettler (small

objects overturned), Pumpkin Center (furniture shifted), Tupman (small objects fell) .

Intensity IV; Fellows, Lebec, Taft.Intensity III; Frazier Park,

Redondo Beach (P).

23 July (B) Northern CaliforniaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity III; , ville.

07 33 35.639.40 N., 121.46 W,5 km3.3 MLNevada City, Oro-

23

21

July (B) Central California Origin time: 14 38 42.4 Epicenter: 35.93 N., 120.51 W, Depth: 12 km


Magnitude: Intensity II;

3 .2 ML Bradley.

26 July (P) Southern California Origin time: 00 38 53.6 Epicenter: 34.35 N., 116.92 W, Depth: 6 km Magnitude: 3.8 ML Intensity IV; Apple Valley, Big

Bear City, Big Bear Lake, GreenValley Lake.

Intensity III; Fawnskin, LucerneValley, San Bernardino.

31 July (B) Northern CaliforniaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV;report).

Intensity III;

09 15 44.337.71 N., 122.14 W.9 km3.0 MLDanville (press

__ ____Castro Valley (press report), Hayward (press report), Lafayette (B), Oakland (B), San Leandro (press report), San Lorenzo(press report).

1 August (B) Northern California Origin time: 09 02 34.5 Epicenter: 41.45 N., 121.88 W. Depth: 2 km Magnitude: 4.5 mb(G), 4.6 ML

This is the largest event in a series of earthquakes which occurred in this area over a period of several months, six of which were felt within the following 7 hours. The magnitude 4.3 event at 09 46 44.6 was felt at about the same inten sity as this one, but because it occurred only 44 minutes later, the intensity data for the separate events could not be differentiated. Most of these earthquakes that were over magnitude 3.0 were felt by Forest Service personnel. The intensities listed below are asso ciated with this event, the largest in the series, but may also include data from the following event at 09 46 44.6.

Surface fractures were associated with this activity. The ruptures occurred along the Stephens Pass fault (Bennett and others, 1979), a 2-km-long fault trending north from a point 260 m south of Stephens Pass Road, at a point about 31 km northeast of McCloud.

Intensity V; Dunsmuir (heavy fur niture shifted).

Intensity IV; Bieber, Big Bend, Dorris, Edgewood, Etna, Gazelle, Klamath River, Macdoel, McCloud, Mount Hebron, Mount Shasta, Scott

Bar, Tennant, Weed.

3 August (P) Southern CaliforniaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV; Intensity II;

04 30 42.133.67 N., 116.70 W.5 km3.5 MLPalm Springs.Idyllwild (P).

11 August (P) Southern CaliforniaOrigin time: 00 47 30.1Epicenter: 34.15 N., 117.45 W.Depth: 4 kmMagnitude: 4.0 MLIntensity IV; Arlington, Blooming-

ton, Brea, Bryn Mawr, Col ton, Comp- ton, Crestline, Del Rosa, Etiwanda, Fawnskin, Fontana, Glendale, Lake Arrowhead, Lakewood, Llano, Loma Linda, Los Angeles, Mount Baldy, Norton AFB, Pacific Palisades, Red- lands, Rimforest, Riverside, Rubi- doux, San Bernardino, Santa Fe Springs, Sunnymead, Wrightwood.

Intensity III; Bellflower, Canoga Park, Cedarpines Park, Leona Val ley, Northridge, Palm Springs, Pasadena (press report), Sylmar, Westside.

Intensity II; Blue Jay, El Toro Marine Air Station, Montrose, Ontario, Saugus, Toluca Lake.

13 August (B) Northern CaliforniaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude:

Intensity IV:Weed.

Intensity II;

05 55 48.041.43 N., 121.89 W.2 km4.3 mb(G), 4.1 MS(G),

4.3 ML Horse Creek, McCloud,

Forks of Salmon.

13 August (K) Southern CaliforniaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude:

22 54 52.4 34.37 N., 119.72 W. 12 km5.5 mb(G), 5.6 MS(G),

5.1 ML, 5.7 ML(B)

22

The damage described below was taken from a report by Miller and Felszeghy, 1978.

About 65 people were injured, but there were no fatalities. The worst damage (intensity VII) occurred at the University of Cali fornia Santa Barbara (UCSB) campus, at Goleta, and at Santa Barbara. At the UCSB campus several of the multi-story, reinforced-concrete structures sustained moderate diag onal cracking of the shear walls in the lower stories. Instruments and supplies were destroyed in some laboratories. Damage occurred to


light fixtures, ceilings, and plas ter throughout the campus. Similar but less severe damage occurred in the commercial district of Goleta and in the Santa Barbara area. The damage loss is estimated at $7.31 million.

A Southern Pacific Transportation Company freight-train derailment occurred west of Goleta near Win chester Canyon Road in an area of cut-and-fill roadbed (fig. 10). The 49 empty and 9 loaded cars travelling at about 50 mph derailed when passing over a "kink" in the tracks, apparently the result of roadbed-fill failure; 30 of the cars were derailed and a section of the track was damaged.

A total of three overpasses crossing U.S. Highway 101, all steel- reinforced concrete structures located in the Goleta area, suf fered significant earthquake dam age. These overpasses are: the adjacent curving bridges on Ward Memorial Road, the one at Glen Annie Road, and the one at the western end of Hollister Avenue just east of the railroad derail ment. The most extensive damage was sustained by the Ward Memorial bridges, which were subjected to considerable transverse motion that shifted the superstructures rela tive to the abutments causing the concrete to crack and spall in a number of places. Most of the Ward Memorial Road bridges' bents sus tained damage that ranged from light cracking and incipient spalling, to localized deep spalling that exposed reinforcement bars.

The earthquake caused several rock slides on San Marcos Pass Road, the section of State Highway 154 that runs northwest through the Santa Ynez Mountains from U.S. Highway 101 between Goleta and Santa Bar bara. Most of the slides occurred on roadcuts where there were steep inclines. Extension fractures opened in at least one area on a steep slope which forms the shoulder of the highway. Some minor slides occurred along the cliffs at the coastline and off the roads in the Santa Ynez Mountains.

Porcella and others (1978) reported that eight accelerograms were recovered from strong-motion sta tions at Santa Barbara, Goleta, Cochuma Dam, and the UCSB campus. The highest accelerations that were

23

recorded at the three-story North Hall building on the UCSB campus were 0.44 g_, 0.66 cj, and 0.99 £, for the ground, third floor, and roof levels, respectively.

Due to an error, the affected area of this earthquake was insufficiently canvassed with USGS questionnaires; as a result, the isoseismal map shown in figure 11 does not have as much intensity data as would nor mally be collected. However, the data is extensive enough to show this earthquake was felt over an area of approximately 25,000 sq km along the southern California coast.

Intensity VII;Goleta-University of California

Santa Barbara area There was significant earthquake damage to buildings within an 8-km radius of the UCSB campus. On campus there was extensive cracking of reinforced-concrete shear walls in the Biological Sciences II Building, Engineer ing Building, Library III, University Center, Anacapa Residence Hall, Santa Cruz Residence Hall, and North Hall. Mechanical equipment on or near the roof tops of multistory buildings suffered considerable damage from building movement during the earthquake. A few very old adobe or wood-frame buildings were seriously dam aged .

The Air Traffic Control Tower at the airport, a steel-frame structure with lateral rein- forcment, was shaken so that it sustained an estimated per manent deflection of 1.3 to 2.5 cm. Two other buildings sus tained cracked concrete-floor slabs, with shifted wood columns and walls in one. Dam age to the hangars consisted of buckled diagonal steel bracings and failure of some of the structural connections at the supports for the large sliding doors.

The Ward Memorial Road bridges were damaged by the shifting of the ground, which caused the bridge decks to impact at several expansion joints and resulted in cracked and spalled concrete. The bridges were temporarily closed.

The most common damage toresidential and small commer cial buildings consisted of

FIGURE 10. Southern Pacific Transportation Company freight train derailment west of Goleta, Calif.


cracked and fallen plaster and stucco, differential settlement of foundations, failure of unreinforced chimneys , fallen hot water heaters, dislodgement of air-conditioning ducts, dislodgement of tiles and panels from suspended acousti cal ceilings, lighting fixtures loosened or fallen, and glass broken. A common type of dam age to mobile homes is shown in figure 12. The mobile homes were thrown off their mounts, crumpling the skirts around the base and dislodging the con tents of the home.

The most widespread type of dam age was breakage of household belongings and store merchan dise that toppled from shelves. In homes, cupboards and refri gerators were thrown open, spilling their contents. Liquor stores and supermarkets sustained heavy losses from breakage. About one-third of the UCSB library's 1.2 million books were thrown to the floor. The UCSB laboratories suffered much damage and glass breakage when wall cabinets broke loose and fell, spilling their con tents.

Santa Barbara Several multistory24

buildings sustained diagonal cracks in their reinforced- concrete shear walls, particu larly in the lower floors. The Freitas Building at 200 E. Car- rillo Street and the Santa Bar bara Court House Building suf fered some damage. The Santa Barbara County Administration Building at Anacapa and Anapamu Streets suffered diagonal ten sion cracks in some of the columns on the north side of the building. The roof of an unoccupied restaurant that was being remodeled at 100 W. Anapamu Street collapsed. The floating dock at Marina No. 1 was damaged by the movement of the concrete support piles which were buried 3.6m into the mud. Several water mains were broken. There was widespread breakage and damage to household belongings or store merchandise as described for the Goleta area above.

Intensity VI; Solvang (cracked drywall, hairline cracks in exte rior walls, stone or brick fences cracked, few windows cracked, small objects shifted, vehicles rocked moderately, felt by all).

Intensity V; Carpenteria, Los Alamos, Santa Maria, Santa Ynez.

121 C 120° 119e 118° 117C

36°

35e

34°

FIGURE 11. Isoseismal map for the southern California earthquake of 13 August 1978, 22 54 53.5 UTC. Roman numerals represent Modified Mercalli intensities between isoseismals; Arabic numerals are used to represent these intensi ties at specific sites.


Intensity IV; Agoura, Arroyo Grande, Artesia, Bakersfield, Camarillo, Cuyama, East Ventura, Fillmore, Grover City, Guadalupe, Halcyon, Hawthorne, Hillcrest Center, Lake Hughes, Lakewood, Lament, Lompoc, Montalvo, Newbury Park, Norwalk, Oxnard, Palms, Pine- side, Port Hueneme, Pumpkin Center, Oceano, Ojai, Redlands, Santa Paula, Shatter, Sherman Oaks, Stu dio City, Taft, Thousand Oaks, Van Nuys, Vandenburg AFB, Ventura.

Intensity III; Bellflower, Granada Hills, La Crescenta, La Verne, Leona Valley, Long Beach, Manhattan Beach, West Covina.

Intensitv TT: Mont-T-<-><?*=> . MOT-KO

Pismo Beach, San Luis Obispo, Santa Ana (Marine Corps Air Station), Simi Valley, Wasco.

13 August (K) Southern CaliforniaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity II;

23 11 01.734.40 N., 119.76 W.13 km3.4 ML(P), 3.3 MLSanta Barbara area.

13 August (K) Southern California Origin time: 23 15 02.5 Epicenter: 34.41 N., 119.77 W Depth: 13 km Magnitude: 3.1 ML(P), 3.0 ML

FIGURE 12. Damage to mobile home near Goleta, Calif.

- ______ ______.-____.-____ __. _______ _____ __ _ ______....__.



23 23 53.834.40 N., 119.74 W.12 km3.4 ML(P), 2.9 MLSanta Barbara area.


01 02 35.134.40 N., 119.72 W.14 km3.1 ML(P) , 2.7 MLSanta Barbara area.

16 August (B) Northern CaliforniaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV;

07 45 32.440.33 N., 124.39 W.23 km3.8 MLFortuna, Rio Dell.

Intensity V; Tecate (light furniture shifted; small objects shifted; windows, doors, and dishes rattled, few awakened).

Intensity IV; Alpine, Bonita, Bos ton ia, Boulevard, Campo, Chula Vista, Dulzura, El Cajon, Guatay, Imperial Beach, Jamul, La Jolla, Lakeside, La Mesa, Lemon Grove, Pine Valley, Ramona, San Diego, San Diego (Lindbergh Field), San Diego (Montgomery Field), Santee, Univer sity City.

Intensity II; San Ysidro.

28 August (B) Central California

121.86 W.

Intensity III; Eureka, Ferndale, Freshwater, Scotia.

16 August (K) Southern California Oriqin time: 13 35 11.6 Epicenter: 34.41 N., 119.80 W. Depth: 11 km Magnitude: 3.5 ML(P), 3.2 ML Intensity IV; Goleta (University of California Santa Barbara campus), Los Olivos, Oxnard, New Cuyama, Santa Barbara.

Intensity II; Ventura.

19 August (P) Baja CaliforniaOrigin time: 09 31 07.3Epicenter: 32.42 N., 116.83 W.Depth: 5 km

03 32 18.37.55 N.11 km2.8 MLFremont, Mountain

Origin time:Epicenter:Depth:Magnitude:Intensity IV;View, Warm Springs (all reported windows, doors, and dishes rattled; buildings creaked or trembled).

Intensity III; San Leandro.Intensity II; Livermore (press report), Pleasanton, Redwood, Wal nut Creek (press report).

29 August (B) Northern CaliforniaOrigin time: 00 14 46.4Epicenter: 37.36 N., 121.72 W.Depth: 8 kmMagnitude: 4.1 MLIntensity VI: San Jose east side of the city (acoustical ceiling tiles fell in an East Side super market; at 3720 Sierra Road cracks


and the walls were lifted 1.7 cm from the floor; in Eastridge a small amount of glassware was broken press report).

Intensity V; Hayward (smallobjects broken; windows, doors, and dishes rattled), Mount Hamilton- Lick Observatory (small cracks in dry-wall, hairline cracks in exte rior walls) , San Jose (Cambrian Park small objects overturned).

Intensity IV; Boulder Creek, Bur- lingame, Felton, Moffett Field NAS, Mountain View, Oakland, Santa Clara, Sunnyvale, Union City, Val- lejo.

Intensity III; Fremont (B), Milpi- tas, Pacifica.

Intensity II; Alameda, Belmont, Livermore (press report), Newark (press report), Santa Cruz, Stock- ton (Airport Control Tower).

29 August (B) Northern California Origin time: 00 18 45.3 Epicenter: 37.35 N., 121.72 W. Depth: 7 km Magnitude: 3.8 ML Intensity IV; Mount Hamilton LickObservatory.

Intensity III; Fremont (B), San Jose(press report), San Jose (CambridgePark).

29 August (P) Southern CaliforniaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth : Magnitude: Intensity II;

06 04 49.834.38 N. , 119.77 W5 km2.8 MLSanta Barbara (P).

29 August (P) Southern California Origin time: 10 51 46.0 Epicenter: 34.38 N. , 119.80 W. Depth: 5 km Magnitude: 2.5 ML Intensity II; Santa Barbara (P).

1 September (B) Northern California Origin time: 09 31 25.4 Epicenter: 37.34 N. , 121.78 W. Depth: 8 km Magnitude: 3.3 ML Intensity II; San Jose (B).

3 September (P) Southern CaliforniaOrigin time: 18 10 46.5Epicenter: 33.95 N. f 117.72 W.Depth: 6 kmMagnitude: 3.8 MLIntensity IV; La Puente, Pomona,

Riverside, Yorba Linda.Intensity III; Los Serranos.Intensity II; Anaheim (press

report), Chino, Diamond Bar, East Los Angeles County (P), North Orange County (P), Redlands, South San Bernard ino.

4 September (B) Lake Tahoe region Origin time: 04 52 32.3 Epicenter: 38.82 N., 119.81 W. Depth: 18 km Magnitude: 3.9 mb(G), 4.6 ML

Only the Topaz and eastern Amador County intensity data are from USGS questionnaires, all the other intensities are based on press reports.

Intensity V;California South Lake Tahoe (few

broken dishes). Intensity IV;

California Eastern Amador County, in the Lake Tahoe Sierra region.

Nevada--Gardnerville, Stateline,Topaz.

Intensity III;California Grass Valley, lone,

Jackson, Leek Springs (El Dorado National Forest), Placerville, Pollock Pines, Tahoe City, Truckee.

Nevada--Carson City, Incline Vil lage, Minden, Zephyr Cove.

Intensity II;California--Stockton, Strawberry.

4 September (B) Lake Tahoe region Origin time: 21 54 53.2 Epicenter: 38.81 N., 119.82 W. Depth: 19 km Magnitude: 4.7 mb(G), 5.3 ML

This is the largest magnitude event of a series of earthquakes on Sep tember 3 and 4 in the area south of Lake Tahoe. It was felt over an area of approximately 45,500 sq km of California and Nevada (fig. 13).

Intensity VI;California--Mt. Aukum (dry wall

cracked, hairline cracks in exte rior walls, water splashed onto sides of lakes and pools).

Nevada Genoa (plaster and dry wall cracked; hairline cracks in exte rior walls; windows, doors, and dishes rattled; vehicles rocked slightly; buildings shook).

Intensity V;California--Bear Valley (heavy fur

niture shifted; small objects shifted; pictures fell; buildings shook; windows, doors, and dishes rattled), Camp Connell (light furniture shifted; small objects shifted; hanging pictures swung; buildings shook; windows, doors, and dishes rattled), Glencoe (heavy furniture shifted; hanging pictures swung; buildings shook; windows, doors, and dishes rat tled), South Lake Tahoe (small

: f=>1 uahor- in cmal r-rM-<

122° 121 C 120° 119° 118*

39C

38°

l3 Epicenter


FIGURE 13. Isoseismal map for the Lake Tahoe earthquake of 4 September 1978, 21 54 53.2 UTC. Roman numerals represent Modified Mercalli intensities between isoseismals; Arabic numerals are used to represent these intensities at specific sites.


cainers slightly disturbed; buildings shook; windows, doors, and dishes rattled), Topaz (small objects fell, buildings shook; windows, doors, and dishes rat tled). Twin Bridges (light furni ture shifted; small objects fell; hanging pictures swung; buildings shook; windows, doors, and dishes rattled).

Nevada Minden (light furniure shifted; small objects over turned, fell, and broke; water in

small containers spilled; hanging pictures swung out of place; buildings shook; windows, doors, and dishes rattled).

Intensity IV;California Alta, Altaville, Amador

City, Angels Camp, Arnold, Baxter, Camino, Carnelian Bay, Chicago Park, Citrus Heights, Coleville, Colfax, Cool, Diamond Springs, Dobbins, Douglas Flat, Echo Lake area, El Portal, Fid- dletown, Floriston, Foresthill,

California Continued 123

Georgetown, Gold Run, Hathaway Pines, Homewood, lone, Jackson, Kyburz, Linden, Long Barn, Lotus, Mammoth Lakes, Mariposa, Markle- ville, Mi-Wuk Village, Mokelumne Hill, Mono Vista, Mountain Ranch, Murphys, Pacific House, Penn Val ley, Pine Grove, Pollock Pines, Rail Road Flat, River Pines, Sheep Ranch, Sierraville, Soda Springs, Sonora, Standard, State- line (press report), Strawberry, Sutter Creek, Tahoe City, Tahoe Vista, between Tamarak Lake and Echo Lake, Truckee, Tuolumne, Twain Harte, Valley Springs, Wal lace, Washington, Wawona, White Pines, Winters.

Nevada Carson City, Dayton, Fal- lon, Gardnerville, Glenbrook, Reno, Schurz, Silver City, Smith, Zephyr Cove.

Intensity III;California Allegheny, Blairsden,

Chilcoot, Copperopolis, Grass Valley (press report), La Porte, Pioneer, Placerville (press report), Sacramento (Foothill Farms), San Andreas, Shingle Springs, Sloughhouse, Smithflat, Stockton, Valley Home, Volcano, West Point, Wilton.

Nevada Incline Village, Wellington. Intensity II;California Avery, Chinese Camp,

Dutch Flat, Greenwood, Loomis, Moccasin, Nevada City, Newcastle, Yosemite Lodge.

Nevada Wadsworth.

September (B) Northern California Origin time: 16 59 47.8 Epicenter: 38.64 N., 121.91 W. Depth: 17 km Magnitude: 4.4 mb(G), 4.2 ML

This earthquake was felt over an area of approximately 4,500 sq km of northern California (fig. 14).

Intensity V; Madison (light furni ture and small objects shifted; windows, doors, and dishes rattled; buildings shook; pictures swung), North Highlands (few windows cracked; windows, doors, and dishes rattled).

Intensity IV; Brooks, Capay, Citrus Heights, College City, Davis, Dixon, Esparto, Liberty Farms, Res cue, Sacramento, Steele Park, Vaca- ville, Winters (press report), Woodbridge, Woodland, Yolo, Zamora.

Intensity III; Courtland, Fairfield (press report), Loma Mar, Napa (press report), Robbins, Sonoma (press report), Yountville.

Intensity II: Benecia, Cobb,

EXPLANATION

Epicenter


' Not felt

38° -'

FIGURE 14. Isoseismal map for the north ern California earthquake of 8 September 1978, 16 59 47.8 UTC. Roman numerals represent Modified Mercalli intensities isoseismals; Arabic

between numerals

are used to represent these intensities at specific sites .


Elmira, Gait, Graton, Lucerne, Meridian, West Sacramento.

12 September (P) Southern CaliforniaOrigin time: 11 57 55.4Epicenter: 34.38 N., 119.77 W.Depth: 6 kmMagnitude: 3.6 MLIntensity V; Santa Barbara (few windows cracked; light furniture and small objects shifted; hairline cracks in exterior walls; windows, doors, and dishes rattled).

Intensity IV; Goleta, Solvang, Sum- merland.

17 September (B) Central CaliforniaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV;

15 38 33.136.68 N., 121.36 W,6 km3.9 MLSan Juan Bautista.

19 September (B) Northern California Origin time: 15 52 41.5 Epicenter: 37.73 N., 122.56 W. Depth: 8 km Magnitude: 2.9 ML


Intensity II; Daly City.

21 September (B) Central California Origin time: 03 18 57.1 Epicenter: 36.99 N., 121.68 W. Depth: 8 km Magnitude: 2.9 ML Intensity III; Gilroy (B), Monterey

(B), Santa Cruz (B), Watsonville(B).

22 September (P) Southern California Origin time: 03 13 26.8 Epicenter: 33.87 N., 117.83 W. Depth: 4 km Magnitude: 2.9 ML Intensity II; Anaheim.

22 September (B) Northern California Origin time: 03 26 19.8 Epicenter: 40.63 N. , 123.63 W. Depth: 20 km Magnitude: 3.7 mb(G), 3.7 ML Intensity III; Rio Dell.

24 September (P) Southern CaliforniaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV; Santa Barbara.

02 04 27.534.38 N., 119.73 W.4 km3.6 MLGoleta, Isla Vista,

26 September (P) Southern California Origin time: 05 35 03.9 Epicenter: 34.03 N., 118.40 W. Depth: 6 km Magnitude: 2.1 ML Intensity II; Beverly Hills (P).

4 October (P) Owens Valley area Origin time: 16 42 48.6 Epicenter: 37.53 N., 118.63 W. Depth: 9 kmMagnitude: 5.4 mb(G), 5.1 MS(G),

5.8 ML(B), 5.8 ML

The press reported that in grocery stores throughout the Bishop area considerable amounts of canned and bottled goods were shaken from shelves and pictures were knocked from walls; and there was a report of a policeman being swayed back and forth and finding it difficult to stand. Boulders rolled onto roads and minor landslides occurred in the canyon areas near Bishop. Landslides were also reported near Mammoth Lakes and in Yosemite National Park. At the Union Car bide Corporation Pine Creek Mine near Bishop about 130 miners were underground at the time of the earthquake, but none were hurt. The earthquake shook rock slides loose throughout the vicinity of the mine causing some road obstruc

tions. A pickup truck was jiggled over the edge on one of the high mine roads. The University of Cal ifornia at Berkeley reported 30 aftershocks in the following 24 hours.

Porcella (1978c) reported that eight accelerographs at Pine Flat and Buchanan Dams northeast of Fresno, California were triggered by this earthquake. The maximum recorded acceleration was less than 0.05 £. This earthquake was felt over an area of approximately 105,000 sq km of California and Nevada (fig. 15).

All of the aftershocks listed inTable 1 were felt in the epicentral region including the town of Bishop; however, not enough specific information is available to assign intensities at individual locations for any of the after shocks .

Intensity Vi: California

Benton (plaster cracked, small objects broken, hanging objects swung violently, hanging pic tures fell, felt by all)

Bishop (Safeway Supermarket just north of Bishop had a window broken and merchandise knocked from shelves. Grocery stores throughout the area reported considerable amounts of canned and bottled goods shaken from shelves, pictures knocked from walls press report. Reports of other effects included win dows broken, plaster cracked, small objects broken, and felt by all)

Easton (cracked plaster andcracks in exterior walls, small objects overturned, felt by many)

Friant (cracked plaster, cracked interior wall, light furniture shifted, small objects and hanging pictures fell, water in small containers spilled, felt by all)

Mammoth Lakes-Timber Ridge (a swimming pool was cracked to such an extent that it had to be drained press report)

Paradise Camp 24 km northwest of Bishop (most of the bar stock and glasses were broken and stucco walls were cracked. In Paradise Estates, items were shaken from walls, a mounted deer head fell from a wall, a mirror was broken, and fluores cent light panels fell press report).

123° 122° 121° 120° 119 C 118° 117 C 116° 115' 114°

40°

39°

38°

37 C

36°

35 C

34°

EXPLANATION

& Epicenter


Not felt

FIGURE 15. Isoseismal map for the Owens Valley earthquake of 4 October 1978, 16 42 48.6 UTC. Roman numerals represent Modified Mercalli intensities between isoseismals; Arabic numerals are used to represent thes^ intensities at specific sites.


Intensity V;California Columbia (press

report), Crowley Lake, Crowley Lake Dam, Johnsondale, June Lake, Lakeshore, Lee Vining, Mono Hot Springs, Mountain Ranch, Pumpkin Center, River- dale, Shaver Lake, Strawberry, Toms Place.

Intensity IV;California Ahwahnee, Altaville,

Arnold, Auberry, Avenal, Badger, Bakersfield, Bass Lake, Big Bear City, Big Creek, Big Pine, Biola, Bridgeport, Burrel, California Hot Springs, Camp Connell, Cantua Creek, Cartaqo, Caruthers, Castle AFB,


Catheys Valley, Chinese Camp, Chowchilla, Clovis, Coarsegold, Corcoran, Coulterville, Cutler, Cuyama, Del Rey, Dos Palos, Dunlap, El Nido, El Portal, Farmersville, Farmington, Fire- baugh, Fish Camp, Five Points, Fresno, Glencoe, Glennville, Goshen, Groveland, Hanford, Hathaway Pines, Helm, Holt, Hornitos, Hume, Independence, Ivanhoe, Keeler, Kerman, Ket- tleman City, Kingsburg, Kings Canyon, Lake Isabella, Le Grand, Lemoncove, Lemoore, Lindsay, Little Lake, London, Lone Pine, Long Barn, Mariposa, Merced, Midpines, Miramonte, Murphys, North Fork, Oakhurst, Olancha, Orange Cove, Orosi, Pacific House, Piedra, Pine- dale, Pine Groye, Pioneer, Pix- ley, Poplar, Porterville, Posey, Prather, Rail Road Flat, Raisin, Redtop, River Pines, Sacramento, Salida, Selma, Sequoia National Park, Snel- ling, Soulsbyville, South Dos Palos, Springville, Squaw Val ley, Standard, Stockton, Strat ford, Strathmore, Tehachapi (press report), Terra Bella, Three Rivers, Tipton, Toll house, Tranquillity, Traver, Tulare, Tuoiumne, Twain Harte, Vallecito, Visalia, Volcano, Wawona, Weldon, Wilseyville, Wishon, Woodlake, Woodville, Woody, Yosemite Lodge, Yosemite National Park.

Nevada Dyer, Eureka, Goldfield,Mina, Sparks, Yerington.

Intensity III:California Alpaugh, Armona,

Avery, Blairsden, Bodfish, Calwa, Chualar, Delhi, Diablo, Dinuba, Ducor, Earlimart, Fowler, Huron, Jamestown, Lamont, Laton, Liberty Farms, Lost Hills, Madera, Newman, O'Neals, Pollock Pines, Pond, Reedley, Richvale, Rio Vista, Sanger, Santa Rita Park, Wil ton.

Nevada Panaca, Schurz. Intensity II;California Arcata (press

report), Atwater, Cholame, Coa- linga (press report), Deep Springs (press report), Elk Grove, Exeter, Green Valley Lake, Lebec, Mi-Wuk Village, Moccasin, Mono (press report), Parlier, Richgrove, San Joaquin, Stevinson, Tupman, Valley Home.

Nevada Beatty.

5 October (B) Northern CaliforniaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude:

Intensity IV;

09 56 40.441.46 N., 121.88 W.2 km4.2 mb(G), 3.8 MS(G),

4.1 ML(B) McCloud.

6 October (B) Northern California Origin time: 21 26 34.4 Epicenter: 40.38 N., 124.27 W. Depth: 20 kmMagnitude: 4.8 mb(G), 4.2 MS(G),

4.6 ML

Felt in the coastal areas from Arcata to Cape Mendocino (B).

Intensity V: Intensity IV;

ville, EurekaWeott.

Intensity III;

Miranda.Bayside, Bridge- Fortuna, Rio Dell,

Garberville (pressreport), Redway (press report).

9 October (B) Central CaliforniaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity III:

20 49 45.836.68 N., 121.37 W.6 km3.3 MLChualar and San

Benito County (B).

10 October (B) Central CaliforniaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity II;

(B).

01 38 36.936.61 N., 121.28 W.8 km3.8 MLSan Benito County

10 October (B) CaliforniaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity II;

(B).

04 28 51.838.80 N., 119.82 W,10 km3.1 ML(B)Markleeville area

10 October (P) Central CaliforniaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity II;

09 06 57.435.08 N., 117.50 W,6 km3.6 MLEdwards AFB (P).

16 October (B) Northern CaliforniaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity III;

02 18 07.040.46 N., 124.30 W,20 km3.7 ML(B)Rio Dell.

19 October (P) Southern California Origin time: 09 10 24.5 Epicenter: 33.83 N., 118.07 W. Depth: 5 km


Magnitude: Intensity II;

1.9 ML Lakewood (P).

Magnitude: Intensity II:

3.4 ML(B), 3.5 ML Bishop (B).

26 October (P) Owens Valley area 11 November (P) Southern CaliforniaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude:

Intensity IV: Intensity II;

19 00 41.337.52 N., 118.58 W.9 km4.0 ML(B),

3.9 ML(P) Mariposa. Yosemite (B).

04 24 04.633.63 N. , 117.88 W.3 km2.7 ML


12 00 22.237.26 N. r 121.64 W.4 km3.1 MLSan Jose (B).

29 October (B) Northern CaliforniaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV;

06 50 49.140.30 N., 124.73 W.20 km3.8 MLRio Dell.

Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity V:Costa Mesa (dishes, pots, and

pans crashed to the floor when cupboard doors flew open press report),

Santa Ana Heights (press reports of breakage of stored items when they were knocked loose from their "moorings").

Intensity IV; Huntington (press report), Newport Beach (press report).

12 November (B) Northern California

29 October (P) Southern California Origin time: 08 09 59.5 Epicenter: 33.92 N., 118.30 W. Depth: 5 km Magnitude: 2.9 ML

Felt in the southwest Los Angeles Basin (P).

Intensity IV: El Segundo (press report), Hawthorne, Inglewood (press report), Los Angeles, Manhattan Beach (press report), Torrance (press report).

29 October (P) Southern California


lits.

13 07 57.339.49 N., 122.95 W,6 km3.8 MLPotter Valley, Wil-

13 November (P) Southern CaliforniaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity II; bara.

16 49 43.134.43 N., 119.70 W.13 km3.2 MLGoleta, Santa Bar-

13 November (P) Southern California

Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV; Intensity II:

(P) .

22 16 09.034.32 N., 118.63 W.3 km3.6 ML(P)Tarzana.Canoga Park, Malibu


16 50 58.334.43 N., 119.70 W.15 km3.3 MLGoleta, Santa Barbara,



16 05 04.636.67 N., 121.36 W,6 km3.2 MLHollister (B).

Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV; Intensity II: Pomona (P).

13 28 46.734.15 N., 117.60 W.6 km3.2 MLEtiwanda.Claremont (P),


1 November (P) Imperial ValleyOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity II;

06 42 22.632.75 N., 115.52 W.6 km2.8 MLEl Centro (P).

Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity II; Beach (P).

04 20 05.633.85 N. r 118.17 W.12 km2.7 MLLakewood (P), Long

6 November (P) Owens Valley area Origin time: 16 22 25.0 Epicenter: 37.53 N., 118.62 W. Depth: 9 km

19 November (P) Southern California Origin time: 17 40 56.9 Epicenter: 33.85 N., 118.18 W. Depth: 5 km Magnitude: 3.1 ML(P)

Felt in the Los Angeles area (press

California--Continued California Continued

report).

Intensity IV; Bellflower, HarborCitVf Lakewood, Long Beach, LosAlamitos, Maywood.

Intensity III: Cypress, Mon-tebello.

Intensity II: Downey (P),Hawthorne, Watts (P).

19 November (P) Southern California Origin time: 18 00 16.4 Epicenter: 33.85 N., 118.17 W. Depth: 12 km Magnitude: 2.8 ML(P)

Felt in the Los Angeles area (press report).

Intensity III: North Long Beach, Watts.

20 November (P) Southern California Origin time: 06 55 09.4 Epicenter: 34.15 N., 116.97 W. Depth: 5 km Magnitude: 4.0 mb(G), 4.2 ML

Felt in Los Angeles, Orange, River side, San Bernardino, and San Diego counties.

Intensity VI; Redlands (interior plaster walls cracked and split, hairline cracks in exterior walls, light furniture and small objects shifted, windows cracked) .

Intensity V; Auga Caliente Springs (small objects fell), Highland (pictures knocked off walls press report).

Intensity IV; Beaumont, Cathedral City, El Cajon, Hemet, Landers, Mead Valley, Morongo Valley, Palm Springs, Rancho Mirage, Rialto, Riverside, Running Springs, Sun- nymead, Yucaipa.

Intensity III; Cypress, Long Beach, San Bernardino.

Intensity II: Anaheim (P), Downey (P), Newport Beach (P), Pasadena (P), Twentynine Palms.


25 November (P) Owens Valley areaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity II;

03 24 55.337.50 N., 118.70 W,8 km3.4 ML, 3.5 ML(B)Bishop (B).

25 November (P) Owens Valley areaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity II:

04 06 41.437.53 N., 118.68 W,9 km3.5 ML, 3.3 ML(B)Bishop (B).

1 December (P) Southern CaliforniaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity II;

report).

23 20 46.533.93 N., 116.68 W.5 km3.6 MLPalm Springs (press

6 December (P) Southern CaliforniaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity III;

10 03 49.334.38 N., 119.75 W,5 km3.2 MLSanta Barbara

(press report).


11 21 48.734.37 N., 119.75 W,5 km2.2 MLSanta Barbara

(press report).

14 December (P) Southern CaliforniaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV:

report). Intensity III;

08 55 20.434.40 N., 119.50 W,5 km3.1 MLCarpenteria (press

Santa Barbara(press report).


Inglewood (P).

06 30 30.433.93 N., 118.33 W.3 km2.3 MLHawthorne (P),


06 58 45.034.15 N., 116.97 W.6 km3.5 ML(P)Cathedral City,

California Off the coast

Running Springs.


23 May (B) Northern California


21 21 49.134.15 N., 116.98 W.5 km3.1 MLBig Bear Lake (P).


21 42 02.940.44 N., 124.85 W.35 km4.4 mb(G), 4.6 MLBayside, Eureka,

34

Fortuna, Miranda. Intensity III; Bridgeville, Eel

California Off the coast Continued Florida Continued

River and Van Duzen River Valleys (press report).

1 June (B) Northern CaliforniaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV;

18 38 20.940.34 N., 124.84 W.5 km3.7 mb, 4.0 ML(B)Rio Dell.

Colorado

10 June (G) Northern Colorado Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV;

20 57 53.539.78 N., 104.87 W,20 km2.9 MLDenver (Park Hill),

Denver (1335 Rosemary St, 1680 Magnolia St, 1603 Clermont St press report), Thornton (2501 E. 104th St press report), Hender- son (1098 Brighton Road).

Intensity III; Commerce City. Intensity II; Thornton (post office).

Delaware

16 July (G) Southeastern Pennsylvania Origin time: 06 39 37.8

See Pennsylvania listing.

12 January

Florida

Central FloridaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV;

report).

21 10Not located. None computed. None computed. Haines City (press

6 November Northern Florida Origin time: 23 00 Epicenter: 30.20 N., 82.65 W. Depth: None computed. Magnitude: None computed.

The epicenter given is a macroseismic location taken from the felt information. The magnitude is estimated to be less than 2.0. There were reports of two events, on November 14 at 20 14 UTC and on November 16 at 19 00 UTC; both were reported felt, but neither were recorded on the nearest seismographs and may not have been seismic.

Intensity IV; Lake City (press reported doors rattled and houses shook).

Hawaii

The locations listed below that are fol lowed by (H) designate intensity values assigned by the Hawaiian Volcano Obser vatory.

4 January (H) Island of HawaiiOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Ii. tensity IV; Intensity III;

18 42 27.219.33 N., 155.18 W.10 km3.7 MLHilo (H).Kurtistown (H), Lau-

pahoehoe (H), Volcano (H).

5 January (H) Island of HawaiiOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV;

13 58 46.619.32 N., 155.27 W,10 km3.2 MLAinahou Ranch (H).

11 January (H) Island of HawaiiOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV: Intensity III;

08 33 11.319.33 N., 155.22 W.10 km3.8 MLHilo (H).Glenwood (H), Hamakua

(H), Mountain View (H), Puna (H), Volcano (H).

13 January (H) Island of HawaiiOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity III;

00 34 06 19.53 N., 10 km 3.0 ML Kona (H).

155.95 W.

23 January (H) Island of HawaiiOrigin time: 06 21 38.5Epicenter: 19.33 N., 155.06 W.Depth: 9 kmMagnitude: 3.7 MLIntensity IV; Glenwood (H), Hilo

(H), Kalapana (H), Kurtistown (H),Mountain View (H), Volcano (H).

Intensity III; Papaikou (H).

23 January (H) Island of Hawaii Origin time: 06 28 26.9 Epicenter: 19.34 N., 155.07 W. Depth: 9 km Magnitude: 3.6 ML Intensity IV; Glenwood (H), Hilo

(H), Kurtistown (H), Mountain View(H), Volcano (H).

Intensity III; Papaikou (H).

35

Hawaii--Continued Hawaii Continued

25 January (H) Island of HawaiiOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity III:

01 18 16.819.33 N., 155.10 W.9 km3.2 MLHilo (H).

3 February (H) Island of Hawaii Origin time: 05 32 45.8 Epicenter: 19.43 N., 155.30 W. Depth: 16 km Magnitude: 3.5 ML Intensity IV; Glenwood (H), Hilo

(H), Kurtistown (H), Mountain View(H), Volcano (H).

Intensity III; Honomu (H), Papaikou(H).

14 February (H) Island of HawaiiOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity III:

20 05 06.219.40 N., 155.28 W,15 km3.4 MLHawaiian Volcano

Observatory (H), Volcano (H).

25 February (H) Island of HawaiiOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity III;

08 55 27.219.44 N., 156.32 W,17 km3.2 MLHolualoa.

2 March (H) Island of HawaiiOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV;

(H).

10 51 02.919.33 N., 155.22 W,9 km3.7 MLHilo (H), Volcano

21 March (H) Island of HawaiiOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity III:

05 13 25.419.37 N., 155.42 W,12 km3.3 MLKukaiau Ranch.

3 April (H) Island of HawaiiOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity III:

04 28 32.9 19.30 N., 155.19 9 km 3.0 ML Volcano (H).

6 April (H) Island of Hawaii Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity III;

13 47 14.119.33 N., 155.13 W.10 km3.2 MLHilo (H).

8 April (H) Island of Hawaii Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV:

02 43 44.219.83 N., 155.14 W.29 km3.6 MLHilo (H), Papaiko

(H), Pepeekeo (H), Honolii (H). Intensity III; Glenwood (H),Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (H),Honokaa (H), Laupahoehoe (H).

Intensity II; Ahualoa (H), HawaiianOcean View Estates (H), Waimea (H).

13 April (H) Island of HawaiiOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV:

06 55 12.719.34 N., 155.07 W,8 km3.4 MLHawaii Volcanoes

National Park (H), Hilo (H).

3 May (H) Island of Hawaii Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV;

17 29 06.419.29 N., 155.50 W.8 km3.1 MLPahala (H).

23 May (H) Island of Hawaii Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV; Intensity III;

07 09 26.719.31 N., 155.22 W.10 km3.4 MLHilo (H).Glenwood (H), Hawaii

Volcanoes National Park (H), Moun- tainview (H), Papaikou (H), Volcano (H).

3 June (H) Island of Hawaii Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV; Intensity III;

01 02 02.119.67 N., 155.16 W.14 km3.2 MLHilo (H).Glenwood (H), Hawaii

Volcanoes National Park (H), Honokaa (H), Kalapana (H), Paauilo (H), Volcano (H).

4 June (H) Island of Hawaii Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV;

08 00 44.919.81 N., 155.79 W.16 km3.0 MLKona (H).

12 June (H) Island of HawaiiOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV; Intensity III;

21 57 12.119.40 N., 155.26 W.3 km3 .0 MLKilauea Caldera (H),

_________ Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (H), Hawaii Volcanoes National Park (H), Volcano (H).

13 June (H) Island of HawaiiOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV;

02 49 35.018.90 N., 155.46 W.15 km3.4 MLHawaiian Ocean View

Estates (H), Naalehu (H).

Hawaii Continued Hawaii Continued

13 June (H) Island of HawaiiOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV;

(H). Intensity III;

16 54 01.219.34 N., 155.05 W.6 km3.1 MLKalapana (H), Kapaahu

Mountainview (H),

Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity III;

19.35 N., 155.25 W. 10 km 3.2 ML Volcano (H).

16 July (H) Island of Hawaii

Volcano (H), Wainaku (H).

21 June (H) Island of HawaiiOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity III;

10 20 44.119.32 N., 155.22 W.10 km3.4 MLHawaii Volcanoes

National Park (H), Pahala (H), Vol cano (H) .

Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV; Intensity III;

(H).

18 29 41.819.35 N., 155.02 W.8 km3.3 MLKalapana (H).Glenwood (H), Hilo

9 August (H) Island of Hawaii

23 June (H) Island of Hawaii



11 47 58.6 19.32 N., 155.26 W. 11 km4.9 mb(G), 4.2 ML Captain Cook, Hawaii

Volcanoes National Park, Hamakua (H), Hilo, Honokaa, Honomu, Keaau, Kukuihaele, Kurtistown, Naalehu, Paauhau, Paauilo, Pahala, Pahoa, Papaikou, Pepeekeo, Puna (H), Vol cano.

Intensity III; Kau, Kohala, Kona. Intensity II: Kalaupapa.

30 June (H) Island of Hawaii

07 10 10.319.30 N., 155.22 W.10 km3.4 ML

_________ Glenwood (H), Hilo (H), Kurtistown (H), Mountainview (H), Volcano (H).

12 August (H) Island of HawaiiOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV; Intensity III; Volcano (H).

10 52 50.519.33 N., 155.11 W.10 km3.1 MLHilo (H).Mountainview (H),


Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity III: Estates (H).

22 28 02.819.17 N., 155.48 W.9 km3.1 MLHawaiian Ocean View


21 44 08.919.32 N., 155.20 W.10 km3.1 MLHilo (press report),


1 July (H) Island of Hawaii Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV; Intensity III;

19 18 13.3 19.32 N., 155.12 W. 7 km 3.9 MLHilo (H), Puna (H).

_ Mauna Loa Observatory lH) , Pohakuloa (H).

Intensity II; Kohala (H), Kona (H).


22 40 15.719.34 N., 155.03 W.7 km3.1 ML

__ __Blacksand Subdivision (irr, Hilo (H), Kalapana (H), Vol cano (H) .


4 July (H) Island of Hawaii Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity III;

07 05 16.319.35 N., 155.08 W,9 km3.0 MLGlenwood (H).

Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV; Intensity III:

9 July (H) Island of Hawaii Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity III:

23 07 56.919.37 N., 155.10 W.9 km3.1 MLHilo (H).

23 07 21.419.01 N., 155.48 W.35 km4.0 MLKau (H).

_________ Ahualoa (H), Ainaloa (H), Glewnood (H), Hawaiian Beaches (H), Hawaiian Paradise Park (H), Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (H), Hilo (H), Honokaa (H), Kamuela (H), Volcano Golf Course (H).

3 September (H) Island of Hawaii

14 July (H) Island of HawaiiOrigin time: 12 56 37.2


14 26 10.519.32 N., 155.20 W.9 km3.0 MLVolcano (H).

Hawaii--Continued Hawaii Continued

5 September (H) Island of Hawaii 28 October (H) Island of HawaiiOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV; Intensity III;

20 26 46.819.33 N., 155.23 W.10 km3.7 MLHilo (H).

_Glenwood (H), Hawaii Volcanoes National Park (H), Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (H), Volcano (H).


22 37 33.221.56 N., 157.98 W,5 km4.2 MLHonolulu,

12 September (H) Island of HawaiiOrigin time: 06 16 06.1Epicenter: 19.33 N., 155.11 W.Depth: 10 kmMagnitude: 4.1 MLIntensity IV; Glenwood, Hawaii Vol

canoes National Park, Hilo, Honomu, Keaau, Kurtistown, Mountainview (H), Ookala, Pahoa (H), Papaaloa, Volcano.

Intensity III: Hakalau (H), Kalapana (H), Naanaleau (H), Papaikou.

Intensity II: Honokaa.

19 September (H) Island of Hawaii

Kaaawa,Kapalama, Kunia, Pearl City, Waipahu.

Intensity III; Kaneohe (H).Intensity II; Waikiki.

22 November (H) Island of HawaiiOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity III Center (H).

Intensity II;

23 23 14.819.35 N., 155.05 W.6 km3.3 MLWahaula Visitors

Blacksand Subdivision (H), Hawaii Volcanoes National Park (H).

23 November (H) Island of Hawaii

Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity III; Volcano (H).

09 44 29.219.39 N., 155.28 W,4 km3.2 MLNamakanipaio (H),

Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV;Estates (H)(H).

Intensity III(H).

Intensity II:

13 16 15.9 19.23 N., 155.55 W. 11 km 4.2 MLHawaiian Ocean View

Naalehu (H), Pahala

Honaunau (H), Keokea

20 September (H) Island of HawaiiOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV:

01 41 08.719.44 N., 155.40 W.9 km3.3 MLRed Hill (H).

Ahualo (H), Hilo (H), Kailua-Kona (H), Kainaliu (H), Keauhou (H), Mauna Loa Observatory (H), Papaikou (H).


20 September (H) Island of HawaiiOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV:

23 20 27.019.52 N., 155.88 W.9 km3.1 MLKealakekua (H).

Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity III; Intensity II:

11 31 36.719.31 N., 155.22 W,10 km3.6 MLAinahou Ranch (H).Volcano (H).


30 September (H) Island of HawaiiOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV: Intensity III

(H). Intensity II:

23 56 13.319.38 N., 155.45 W.9 km3.2 MLPahala (H).Glenwood (H), Naalehu

Hilo (H).


07 50 40.319.65 N., 156.01 W,9 km3.3 MLKona (H).


15 October (H) Island of Hawaii Origin time: 15 35 48.6 Epicenter: 19.38 N., 155.07 W. Depth: 9 km Magnitude: 3.3 ML Intensity IV; Hawaiian ParadisePark (H), Kalapana (H).

Intensity III; Hilo (H), Kaimu (H) Intensity II; Volcano (H), HawaiiVolcanoes National Park (H).

Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IIIPahala (H).

Intensity II;(H).

08 42 59.619.37 N., 155.45 W.11 km3.5 MLKailua-Kona (H),

Volcano Golf Course

1 December (H) Island of Hawaii

3ft


01 22 39.419.35 N., 155.28 W,29 km3.4 MLAinaloa (H).

Hawaii Continued Idaho Continued

5 December (H) Island of Hawaii21 36 39.719.33 N. f 155.19 W,10 km3.8 MLAinaloa (H), Hilo

(H), Kalapana (H), Nanawale (H), Volcano (H).


13 December (H) Island of HawaiiOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV;

04 44 31.519.36 N., 155.08 W.9 km3.6 MLGlenwood (H), Kala-

23 April (G) Western MontanaOrigin time: 23 24 37.0

See Montana listing.

29 July (U) Northern UtahOrigin time: 14 04 03.2

See Utah listing.

28 September (G) Southern Idaho

pana (H), Mountain View (H), Pahoa (H).

Intensity III: Hilo (H).

14 December (H) Island of Hawaii Origin time: 14 12 44.9 Epicenter: 19.32 N., 155.22 W. Depth: 10 km Magnitude: 4.1 ML Intensity IV; Glenwood (H), Hilo

(H), Kurtistown (H), Mountain View(H).

Intensity III: Ainaloa (H), Volcano(H).

Intensity II: Blacksand Subdivision(H), Hawaii Volcanoes National Park(H).

27 December (H) Island of Hawaii


08 58 20.742.10 N., 112.33 W.5 km2.7 MLMalad City.


(H), Hilo (H)

10 40 55.719.33 N., 155.22 W.10 km4.0 MLAinaloa (H), GlenwoodKurtistown (H),

Mountain View (H), Papaikou (H), Volcano (H).tensity III: Ahualoa (H), Hawaii Volcanoes National Park (H), Hawaiian Beaches (H), Hawaiian Ocean View Estates (H), Honokaa (H), Kau (H), Kona (H).

Idaho

3 April (G) Western Idaho

24 October (U) Southeastern Idaho Origin time: 20 30 59.3 Epicenter: 42.55 N., 111.84 W. Depth: 7 km Magnitude: 4.2 mb(G), 4.3 ML(G),

4.1 ML Intensity VI;Idaho Thatcher (cracked plaster,

cracked cement foundation). Intensity V;Idaho Lava Hot Springs (furniture

shifted; windows, doors, and dishes rattled; felt by many).

Intensity IV;Idaho Aberdeen, Arimo, Bancroft,

Downey, Grace, Inkom, McCammon, Pocatello, Swanlake.

Intensity II;Idaho Frankl in. Utah--Plymouth.

29 October (G) Central IdahoOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude:

13 46 44.5 44.96 N., 114.27 W. 5 km4.2 mb, 5.0 ML,

5.0 ML(D)


10 10 08.144.05 N. , 116.36 W.5 km3.2 ML, 3.6 ML(D)Sweet.

20 April (G) Southeastern IdahoOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV; Intensity III;

phone report).

14 56 47.642.66 N., 111.55 W.5 km2.5 MLConda.Soda Springs (tele-

This earthquake was felt over an area of approximately 25,000 sq km of Idaho and Montana (fig. 16).

Intensity V; Idaho--

Ellis (light furniture and small objects shifted, hanging pic tures knocked out of place, felt by all),

Lowman (light furniture shifted; small objects fell; windows, doors, and dishes rattled; awakened and felt by many).

Intensity IV;Idaho Carmen, Challis, Clayton,

Cobalt, Hailey, Lemhi, Northfork, Salmon, Shoup, Sweet, Tendoy.

Intensity III; Idaho Golden. Montana Jackson.

Intensity II;Idaho Garden Valley, Leadore.

EXPLANATION

£ Epicenter

! Felt at intensity 5

Not felt

Idaho Continued

nish, Fielding, Garland (press report), Honeyville, Howell, Huntsville, Lewiston, Newton, Plymouth, Providence, Richmond, Riverside, Tremonton.

Intensity III;Utah Kelton.

Intensity II;Idaho American Falls, Inkom.Utah Wellsville.

30 November (U) Southeastern IdahoOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity II;

11 55 09.342.11 N. , 112.55 W.4 km3.5 MLStone.

FIGURE 16. Isoseismal map for the cen tral Idaho earthquake of 29 October 1978, 13 46 44.5 UTC. Roman numerals represent Modified Mercalli intensities between isoseismals; Arabic numerals are used to represent these intensities at specific sites.

Idaho Continued

20 November (G) Central IdahoOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV;

14 25 51.844.00 N., 114.41 W.5 km3.2 ML, 3.7 ML(D)Clayton.

30 November (U) Southeastern Idaho Origin time: 06 53 40.1 Epicenter: 42.11 N., 112.49 W. Depth: 4 km Magnitude: 4.6 mb(G), 4.7 ML

This earthquake is located in the Pocatello Valley of Idaho in the same area as the March 27, 1975 intensity VIII event of magnitudes 6.1 mb(G), 6.0 MS(G), and 6.1 ML(G). It was felt over an area of approximately 18,000 sq km of Idaho and Utah (fig. 17).

Intensity V;Utah Snowville (water in small

containers spilled; small objects shifted; windows, doors, and dishes rattled; felt by all).

Intensity IV:Idaho--Arimo, Clifton, Dayton,

Elba, Franklin, Holbrook, Malad City, Malta, Naf, Pocatello, Stone, Swanlake, Weston.

Utah Bear River City, Cache Junc tion, Clarkston, Corinne, Cor-

20 December (U) Southeastern Idaho Origin time: 13 46 22.6 Epicenter: 42.12 N., 112.49 W. Depth: 6 km Magnitude: 3.9 ML

Intensity IV;Idaho Holbrook, Malad City, Stone,Swanlake.

Utah Clarkston, Lewiston, North Ogden, Portage, Riverside, Snow ville .

Intensity III;Utah Garland.

Intensity II; Idaho Inkom. Utah Fielding, Trenton.

111i no i s

2 June (S) Southern IllinoisOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV;

02 07 28.838.42 N., 88.46 W.20 km3.5 mbLg(V)Fairfield, Flora.

29 August (S) Southern IllinoisOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity II;

07 05 50.338.53 N., 88.22 W,17 km2.4 mbLgWest Salem.

20 September (S) Eastern Missouri Origin time: 12 24 08.8

See Missouri listing.

December (S) Southern Illinois Origin time: 01 48 01.3 Epicenter: 38.62 N., 88.36 W. Depth: 25 km Magnitude: 3.5 mbLg

This earthquake was felt over an area of.approximately 11,5000 sq km of Illinois and Indiana (fig. 18).

43°

42°

41°

115° 114° 113° 112° 111° 110°

1 .;]_ __ _

1 . B Gooding

Grouse Crei

J NEVADA

'

IDAHO

/' f

E

tf

' *Po«

Malad City .^ a

~\ * 1 ffl r<k \Snowville . .^B \vA> -s/4

UTAH

EXPLANATION

~ff Epicenter


Not felt

Jv^fc^ ^ & u I

A^:

Idaho Falls

tello

v .

^ a

ffl Huntsvi

J.a Salt Loke

o e

WYOMING

H Afton

JandolphT

le

City

0 50 km

Illinois Continued

FIGURE 17. Isoseismal map for the southeastern Idaho earthquake of 30 November 1978, 06 53 40.1 UTC. Roman numerals represent Modified Mercalli intensities between isoseismals; Arabic numerals are used to represent these intensities at specific sites.

Illinois Continued

Intensity V; Illinois Barnhill (one report of cracked

plaster; hanging pictures swung; buildings creaked and trembled; windows, doors, and dishes rattled; felt by many)

Newton (light furniture and small objects shifted; hanging pic tures swung; windows, doors, and dishes rattled; felt by all)

West Liberty (light furniture shifted; small objects fell; windows, doors, and dishes rat tled; felt by many)

Willow Hill (few windows cracked; small objects shifted; hanging pictures swung; windows, doors, and dishes rattled; felt by many).

Intensity IV:Illinois Alma, Annapolis, Belle

Rive, Bluford, Bone Gap, Bridgeport, Browns, Carmi, Cisne, Coulterville, Dieterich, Dundas, Edgewood, Effingham, Fairfield, Farina, Flora, Geff, Golden Gate, Grayville, Hoyleton, Ingraham, lola, luka, Johnsonville, Kell, Kinmundy, Lancaster, Louisville,

Mason, Mount Erie, Noble, Olney, Opdyke, Parkersburg, Patoka, Rinard, Saint Peter, Sainte Marie, Salem, Sims, Robinson, Texico, West Union, Xenia, Yale.

Indiana Buffaloville, Owensville. Intensity III;Illinois Albion, Bellmont, Bonnie,Sailor Springs, Sullivan.

Intensity II:Illinois Bible Grove, Buckner,

Fillmore, Flat Rock, Glen Carbon, Irving, Keenes, Lawrenceville, Oakdale, Shobonier, Teutopolis, West Salem, West York.

Indiana Fairbanks, Stewartsville, Switz City.

Indiana

5 December (S) Southern Illinois Origin time: 01 48 01.3

See Illinois listing.

Maine

4 January (J) Southwestern Maine Origin time: 19 28 10.8 Epicenter: 44.04 N., 70.51 W. Depth: 0 kmMagnitude: 3.2 mbLg, 3.2 mbLg(L) Intensity IV; Cisco (J), Naples

(press report), Otisfield (pressreport).

Intensity III; Harrison (J), Oxford(J), Poland (J).

Intensity II; Bridgton (J), Canton(J), Johnson Hill (J), West Poland(J) .

Maryland

16 July (G) Southeastern Pennsylvania Origin time: 06 39 37.8

See Pennsylvania listing.

Massachusetts

24 March (G) Southwest of Bermuda Islands Origin time: 00 42 38.2 Epicenter: 29.86 N., 67.39 W. Depth: 22 km Magnitude: 6.1 mb, 6.0 MS,

6.1 MS(B), 6.0 ML(P) Intensity IV;Massachusetts--New Bedford.

Intensity III:Massachusetts--Boston (press

90'

KENTUCKYI

EXPLANATION

it Epicenter

' Felt at intensity 5

_ Not felt

FIGURE 18. Isoseismal map for the south ern Illinois earthquake of 5 December 1978, 01 48 01.3 UTC. Roman numerals represent Modified Mercalli intensities between isoseismals; Arabic numerals are used to represent these intensities at specific sites.

Massachusetts Continued

report).North Carolina Asheville (press

report), Camp Lejune (press report), Hatteras (press report), Wake County (press report).

1 September (J) Eastern MassachusettsOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity III; Intensity II;

03 33 43.642.48 N., 71.46 W,0 km2.0 mbLgStow.Acton.

Mississippi

11 December (G) Alabama-Mississippi borderarea

Origin time: 02 06 48.2 Epicenter: 31.95 N., 88.48 W. Depth: 5 km Magnitude: 3.5 mbLg Intensity V; Alabama

Gilbertown (light furnitureshifted, small objects fell),

Melvin (small objects broken). Intensity II;Mississippi Carmichael.

31

20

42

Missouri

August (S) New Madrid, Missouri region Origin time: 00 31 00.3

See Tennessee listing.

September (S) Eastern Missouri Origin time: 12 24 08.8 Epicenter: 38.57 N., 90.28 W. Depth: 2 km Magnitude: 3.1 mbLg, 3.0 mbLg(G)

O. W. Nuttli, St. Louis University, reported two places with minor dam age that are not reflected in the intensity values listed below. One was in southeast St. Louis where one of the concrete posts, 76 cm high and 25 cm square, which sup ported a wooden porch, cracked entirely across and showed evidence of slight displacement. The other occurred at Ladue where a plaster ceiling cracked down the middle.

This earthquake was felt over an area of approximately 3,700 sq km of Illinois and Missouri (fig. 19).

Intensity V;Illinois Belleville (plaster

cracked in one home, small objects shifted, windows rat tled), East Alton (few windows cracked; windows, doors, and dishes rattled).

Missouri North County (few windows cracked; buildings shook; win dows, doors, and dishes rattled).

Intensity IV;Illinois Alton, Caseyville, Dupo,

East Carondelet, Edwardsville, Elsah, Glen Carbon, Godfrey, Granite City, Lebanon, Litchfield (press report), Love joy, Madison, Marine, Moro, National Stock Yards, O'Fallon, Roxana, Smith- ton, South Roxana, Venice.

Missouri Affton, Benton Park, Berkeley, Brentwood, Carondelet, Chesterfield, Christian Bechtold, Clayton, Crestwood (press report), Defiance, Ferquson, Florissant, Gravois, Jennings, Lambert Airport, Manchester, Maplewood, Northwest Plaza, Northwood, Olivette, Pierre Laclede, Portage Des Sioux, Rich mond Heights, Sappington, St. Ann, St. Charles, St. Louis, St. Peters, University City, Webster Groves, West Alton.

Intensity III;Illinois Columbia, Wood River. Missouri Des Peres, Fenton.

Intensity II;Illinois Chicago (press report),

Dow. Missouri Grover, Hematite.

91° 90°Montana Continued

39C

EXPLANATION

>T Epicenter


0 Not felt

FIGURE 19. Isoseismal map for the eastern Missouri earthquake of 20 September 1978, 12 24 08.8 UTC. Roman numerals represent Modified Mercalli intensities between isoseismals; Arabic numerals are used to represent these intensities at specific sites.

Montana

14 January (G) Southwestern Montana

Helena, Elliston, Fairfield, Florence, Frenchtown, Garrison, Great Falls, Greenough, Hall, Hamilton, Helena, Helmville, Hot Springs, Jefferson City, Kalispell, Lincoln, Lolo, Mar- ysville, Milltown, Missoula, Moiese, Monarch, Montana City, Oilmont, Pablo, Paradise, Pen- droy, Philipsburg, Poison, Power, Radersburg, Roll ins, Ronan, Saint Ignatius, Saint Reqis, Saltese, Seeley Lake, Silver Star, Simms, Sunburst, Sun River, Superior, Swan Lake, Toston, Townsend, Trout Creek, Troy, Ulm, Valier, Victor, Warmsprings, Whitehall, White Sulphur Springs, Winston.

Intensity III:Idaho Elk River, Headquarters.Montana Basin, Brady, Cascade,

Darby, Dutton, Essex, Fort Shaw, Jackson, Kevin, Orofino, Raynesford, Stockett, Sula, Vaughn, Willow Creek, Wolf Creek.

Intensity II;Idaho Kelloqg.Montana Fort Benton, Heart

Butte, Polaris, Sand Coulee, Wise River, Wisdom.

23 April (G) Western Montana


16 53 50.344.77 N., 111.94 W,5 km3.6 MLLake Village (Yel-


23 36 43.747.00 N., 113.31 W.5 km3.7 MLDixon, Poison

(telephone report).

7 October (G) Western Montanalowstone National Park).

23 April (G) Western MontanaOrigin time: 23 24 37.0 Epicenter: 46.97 N., 113.27 W. Depth: 5 km Magnitude: 4.5 mb, 4.3 MS,

4 .9 ML

This earthquake was felt over an area of approximately 94,000 sq km of eastern Idaho and western Montana (fig. 20).

Intensity V;Montana Ovando (hanging pictures

fell), Ravalli (small objects overturned) .

Intensity IV;Idaho Calder, North Fork. Montana Anaconda, Arlee,Augusta, Big Arm, Black Eagle, Bonner, Boulder, Butte, Canyon Creek, Carter, Charlo, Choteau, Clancy, Clinton, Conrad, Cor- vallis, Deer Lodge, Dixon, East


12 35 55.346.62 N., 112.13 W.5 km2.7 ML(G), 2.9 ML(D)East- Helena, Helena.

16 October (G) Western MontanaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity II;

01 15 35.347.09 N., 113.16 W,5 km2.9 ML(D), 3.4 MLMissoula, Potomac

(telephone report).

21 October (G) Western MontanaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity III;

12 28 15.346.97 N., 113.25 W,5 km3.5 MLOvando.

29 October (G) Central IdahoOrigin time: 13 46 44.5

See Idaho listing.

117C 116° 115° 114° 113° 112° 111° 110° 109°

49°

48° -

47'

46°

45 C

CANADA UNITED STATES

MONTANA

WYOMING

0 50 km

EXPLANATION

Epicenter


Not felt44°

FIGURE 20. Isoseismal map for the western Montana earthquake of 23 April 1978, 23 24 37.0 UTC. Roman numerals represent Modified Mercalli intensities between isoseismals; Arabic numerals are used to represent these intensities at specific sites.

Montana Continued Nebraska

4 November (G) Hebgen Lake regionOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity III:Wyoming Old Faithful, Yellowstone

National Park.

15 49 43.844.75 N., 111.23 W.5 km3.5 ML(G)

10 November (G) Western MontanaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV; Intensity III;

09 53 45.647.01 N., 113.33 W,5 km4.3 MLSeeley LakeOvando.

7 May (G) Central NebraskaOrigin time: 16 06 19.6 Epicenter: 42.30 N., 101.93 W. Depth: 15 kmMagnitude: 4.3 mbLg, 4.0 mbLg(S) Intensity IV; Arthur, Ashby, 27 km north and 5 km east of Ashby, 27 km north of Ashby, 26 km north of Ashby, 16 km north of Ashby, 10 km south of Ashby, 26 km south of Ashby, 27 km north of Bingham, 60 km west of Hyannis, 13 km southwest of Lewellen, 13 km north of Mullen, Whitman, 37 km north of Whitman.

Intensity III; Elsie, 56 km north of Hyannis, 40 km north-northeast of Mullen, 5 km west of Oshkosh.

Nevada Nevada Continued

13 January (G) Southern NevadaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity V;

03 39 37.039.42 N. , 117.60 W.5 km4.1 ML(B)Austin.

14 February (G) Southern NevadaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV;

04 35 24.0 39.63 N., 117.18 W. 5 km4.4 mb, 4.8 ML(B)

Eureka,__ AustinGabbs, Round Mountain, Yerington.

Intensity II; Manhattan.

23 February (E) Southern NevadaOrigin time: 17 00 00.164 Epicenter: 37.12 N., 116.06 W. Depth: 0 km Magnitude: 5.7 mb(G), 5.4 ML(B)

Nevada Test Site explosion "REBLO- CHON" at 37 0 07'25.24" N., 116 0 03M9.79" W., surface elevation 1288 m, depth of burial 658 m.

5 March (G) Northern NevadaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity V;

fell).

22 46 18.238.94 N., 118.03 W.5 km4.0 mb, 4.6 ML(B)Gabbs (small objects

15 March (G) Western NevadaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV;

03 09 14.938.35 N., 118.22 W.5 km3 .2 MLGabbs, Luning, Mina.

23 March (E) Southern NevadaOrigin time: 16 30 00.200 Epicenter: 37.10 N., 116.05 W. Depth: 0 km Magnitude: 5.7 mb(G), 5.5 ML(B)

Nevada Test Site explosion "ICEBERG" at 37 0 06'06.39" W., 116°03'04.13" W. , surface elevation 1266 m, depth of burial 640 m.

11 April (E) Southern NevadaOrigin time: 15 30 00.161 Epicenter: 37.30 N., 116.33 W. Depth: 0 km Magnitude: 5.3 mb(G), 5.3 ML(B)

Nevada Test Site explosion "FONDOTTA" at 37 0 17'58.66" N., 116°19'36.12" W. , surface elevation 2099 m, depth of burial 633 m.

11 April (E) Southern NevadaOrigin time: 17 45 00.073 Epicenter: 37.23 N., 116.37 W. Depth: 0 km

Magnitude: 5.5 mb(G), 4.5 MS(G), 5.3 ML(B)

Nevada Test Site explosion "BACK- BEACH" at 37 0 14'00.57" N., 116°22'06.49" W., surface elevation 2066 m, depth of burial 611 m.

20 April (G) Southern NevadaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity II;

13 15 47.335.80 N., 114.90 W.10 km1.9 MLBoulder City.

20 April (G) Southern Nevada Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity II;

13 18 44.535.80 N., 114.90 W.10 km1.9 MLBoulder City.

23 May (G) Northern NevadaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity V;

Valmy. Intensity IV:

05 47 55.440.87 N., 117.26 W.11 km4.1 mb, 4.6 ML(B)Battle Mountain,

Golconda, Winnemucca,

6 July (G) Northern NevadaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV;

22 21 22.039.11 N., 116.22 W.10 km3.8 MLEureka.

12 July (E) Southern NevadaOrigin time: 17 00 00.075 Epicenter: 37.079 N., 116.044 W. Depth: 0 kmMagnitude: 5.5 mb(G), 4.1 MS(G),

5.4 ML(B)

Nevada Test Site explosion "LOWBALL" at 37 0 04'43.21" N., 116°02'37.63" W. , surface elevation 1252 m, depth of burial 564 m.

29 July (G) Central NevadaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity II;

22 32 07.138.40 N., 115.24 W.5 km3.9 mb, 4.2 MLEly (R), Eureka.

31 August (E) Southern NevadaOrigin time: 14 00 00.164 Epicenter: 37.28 N., 116.36 W. Depth: 0 km Magnitude: 5.6 mb(G), 5.5 ML(R)

Nevada Test Site explosion "PANIR" at 37 0 16'33.34" N., 116°21 26.43" W., surface elevation 2040 m, depth of burial 681 m.

Nevada Continued Nevada--Continued

4 September (B) Lake Tahoe region Origin time: 04 52 31.6


4 September (B) Lake Tahoe region Origin time: 21 54 52.5


4 October (P) Owens Valley area Origin time: 16 42 48.6


13 September (E) Southern Nevada Origin time: 15 15 00.161 Epicenter: 37.21 N., 116.21 W. Depth: 0 km Magnitude: 4.6 mb(G), 4.6 ML(B)

Nevada Test Site explosion "DIABLO HAWK" at 37°12'31.68" N. 116°12'38.78" W., surface elevation 2239 m, depth of burial 388 m.,

27 September (E) Southern Nevada Origin time: 17 00 00.071 Epicenter: 37.07 N., 116.02 W. Depth: 0 km Magnitude: 5.0 mb(G), 5.0 ML(B)

Nevada Test Site explosion "DRAUGHTS" at 37 0 04'25.92" N., 116°01' 11 .40" W., surface elevation 1253 m, depth of burial 442 m.

27 September (E) Southern Nevada Origin time: 17 20 00.076 Epicenter: 37.08 N., 116.05 W. Depth: 0 kmMagnitude: 5.7 mb(G), 4.1 MS(G),

5.5 ML(B)

Nevada Test Site explosion "RUMMY" at 37°04'47.29" N., 116°03'04.76" W., surface elevation 1262 m, depth of burial 640 m.

2 November (E) Southern Nevada Origin time: 15 25 00.169 Epicenter: 37.29 N., 116.30 W. Depth: 0 km Magnitude: 4.2 mb(G), 4.3 ML(B)

Nevada Test Site explosion"EMMENTHAL" at 37°17'16.60" N., 116°17'50.98" W., surface elevation 2131 m, depth of burial 576 m.

18 November (E) Southern NevadaOrigin time: 19 00 00.166 Epicenter: 37.13 N., 116.08 W. Depth: 0 km Magnitude: 5.1 mb(G), 5.2 ML(B)

Nevada Test Site explosion "QUARGEL" at 37°07'36.73" N., 116°05 ' 01. 94"

W., surface elevation 1302 m, depth of burial 542 m.

16 December (E) Southern NevadaOrigin time: 15 30 00.158 Epicenter: 37.27 N., 116.41 W. Depth: 0 km Magnitude: 5.5 mb(B), 5.5 ML(B)

Nevada Test Site explosion "FARM" at 37°16'24.22" N., 116°24'36.99" W., surface elevation 2006 m, depth of burial 689 m.

New Hampshire

25 August (J) Southeastern New HampshireOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity III;

20 01 30.542.87 N., 70.83 W.0 km2.3 mbLgSeabrook (J).

New Jersey

30 June (L) Northern New Jersey20 13 43.641.07 N., 74.20 W.5 km

Origin time:Epicenter:Depth:Magnitude: 2.9 mbLgIntensity IV;

New Jersey Mahwah (press report),Oakland (press report).

New York Hillburn (press report),Suffern (press report).

Intensity III:New York Pine Grove (press

report), Sloatsburg (press report), Tuxedo Park (press report).

30 June (L) Northern New JerseyOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity III;

22 39 49.741.08 N., 74.20 W.6 km2.2 ML

_________ Oakland, New Jersey- Suffern, New York area (press report).

New Mexico

16 June (G) West TexasOrigin time: 11 46 54.2

See Texas listing.

New York

18 February (0) Southern Quebec Origin time: 14 48 25.0

New York Continued Oklahoma Continued

Epicenter: 46.35 N., 74.11 W.Depth: 7 kmMagnitude: 4.0 mb(G), 4.0 mbLg,

3.8 mbLg(J) Intensity V;Quebec Saint Donat de Montcalm

region. Intensity IV;New York Rouses Point.

5 March (L) Southeastern New York Origin time: 07 53 25.6 Epicenter: 41.35 N., 74.15 W. Depth: 5 km Magnitude: 2.1 mbLg Intensity III; Highland Mills (J).

30 June (L) Northern New Jersey Origin time: 20 13 43.6

See New Jersey listing.

30 June (L) Northern New Jersey Origin time: 22 39 49.7

See New Jersey listing.

North Carolina

25 February (V) Northern North Carolina

18 May (T) Central OklahomaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity III;

00 19 22.435.50 N., 97.50 W.5 km2.7 mbLgEl Reno (T).

18 May (T) Central OklahomaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity II:

00 32 17.635.60 N., 97.83 W.5 km2.1 mbLgEl Reno (T) .

Pennsylvania


03 53 27.7 .36.19 N., 79.30 W.8 km2.2 mbLgBurlington.

22 March (V) Northern North Carolina Origin time: 15 52 26.7 Epicenter: 36.20 N., 81.73 W. Depth: 1 km Magnitude: 2.9 mbLg

Possible explosion (V).

24 March (G) Southwest of Bermuda Islands Origin time: 00 42 38.2

See Massachusetts listing.

Oklahoma

9 March (T) Southern OklahomaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity II;

06 30 51.234.07 N., 97.40 W.5 km2.5 mbLgSimon area (T).

17 May (T) Central OklahomaOrigin time: 23 11 15.7Epicenter: 35.53 N., 97.91 W.Depth: 5 kmMagnitude: 2.3 mbLgIntensity I; El Reno (T).

16 July (G) Southeastern Pennsylvania Origin time: 06 39 37.8 Epicenter: 39.92 N., 76.26 W. Depth: 5 km Magnitude: 2.9 mbLg(V),

3.1 mbLg(J)

This earthquake was felt over an area of approximately 1,600 sq km of Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Mary land (fig. 21).

Intensity V;Pennsylvania Lancaster (few plas

ter cracks), New Providence (few plaster cracks).

Intensity IV;Delaware Wilmington.Maryland Cardiff, Pylesville, Whiteford.

Pennsylvania Airville, Bart, Baus- man, Brogue, Buck, Columbia, Conestoga, Craley, East Prospect, Fawn Grove, Gordonville, Holt- wood, Kirkwood, Millersville, Mount Nebo, Mountville, Paradise, Peach Bottom, Penryn, Pequea, Rawlinsville, Red Lion, Refton, Smoketown, Strasburg, Washington Boro, Willow Street, Windsor, Wrightsville (11 km south).

Intensity III;Maryland Darlington.Pennsylvania Manheim.

6 October (G) Southeastern Pennsylvania Origin time: 19 25 41.6 Epicenter: 39.97 N., 76.51 W. Depth: 5 km Magnitude: 2.8 mbLg, 3.0 mbLg(L)

According to the press, this earth quake shook buildings throughout Lancaster and its suburbs. Build ings trembled briefly, a loud noise (described variously as a boom, roar, or vehicle collision) could be heard, and some startled people ran outside.

77 C76 75°

South CarolinaEXPLANATION

w Epicenter


FIGURE 21. Isoseismal map for the southeastern Pennsylvania earthquake of 16 July 1978, 06 39 37.8 UTC. Roman numerals represent Modified Mercalli intensities between isoseismals; Arabic numerals are used to represent these intensities at specific sites.

Pennsylvania Continued

7 September (G) Eastern South CarolinaOrigin time: 22 53 22.3Epicenter: 33.07 N., 80.22 W.Depth: 11 kmMagnitude: 2.7 mbLgIntensity IV: Summerville--Corey Woods (4.2 km southwest on Highway 17A windows, doors, and dishes rattled).

Intensity III; Jedburg, Summerville--city area, Summerville Briarwood (3.2 km south on State Highway 199), Col lege Park (7.8 km east off Inter state 26), Flowertown Village (5.1 km southwest on Highway 17A), King's Grant (8 km south on Highway 642), Knightsville (5.8 km west on Highway 13), Oakdale Subdivision (4 km southwest on Highway 17A), Old Orangeburg Road (5.3 km west on Highway 22), Owen's Circle (5.9 km south on Highway 165), Pine Forest Estates (4 km southwest on Highway 17A), Quail Arbor II (3.8 km south on Highway 165), Quail Arbor V (4.6 km south on Highway 199), Shepard Park (2.2 km west on Highway 17A), Twin Oaks (1.8 km south off Highway 165), Waring Hall (3.4 km west on Highway 13), Warrington Subdivision (1.3 km west on Highway 13).

Intensity II; Summerville Old Fort Estates (7.2 km south on Highway 642) .

Intensity V; Brunnerville (few cracked windows), Mount Joy (uncon firmed report of cracked plaster).

Intensity IV; Akron, Bausman, Bird in Hand, Brogue, Brownstown, Cones- toga, Delta, East Petersburg, Lan caster, Landisville, Leola, Mount- ville, New Holland, Peach Bottom, Penryn, Quarryville, Refton, Ronks, Smoketown, Talmage, Washington Boro, Willow Street, Wrightsville.

Intensity III: Intercourse, Millers- ville, Pequea, Strasburg.

Intensity II; Ephrata (press report), Manheim, Marticville (press report), Millersville (press report).

Puerto Rico

15 May (G) Mono PassageOrigin time: 19 25 14.1 Epicenter:Depth: Magnitude: Intensity II;

18.73 N., 67.43 W, Normal. 4.7 mb Aguadilla.

Tennessee

18 January (S) Western TennesseeOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity III;

23 46 26.136.25 N., 89.42 W.5 km2.6 mbLgRidgely (Tennessee

Earthquake Information Center).

31 August (S) New Madrid, Missouri region Origin time: 00 31 00.3 Epicenter: 36.09 N., 89.42 W. Depth: 4 km Magnitude: 3.5 mbLg Intensity V;Tennessee Dyersburg (S).

Intensity IV;Arkansas Leachville. Missouri Braggadocio, Hayti,

Pascola. Tennessee Bogota, Findley, Lenox,

Troy. Intensity III;Arkansas Etowah.Missouri Caruthersville, Portage-

ville. Tennessee Memphis, Samburg, York-

ville. Intensity II:

Tennessee Continued Utah

Arkansas Reiser. Tennessee Kenton.

28 February (U) Northern Utah

Texas

2 March (G) Southwestern TexasOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity III;

report).

10 04 52.731.56 N., 102.51 W.11 km3.5 MLKermit (telephone

16 June (G) West TexasOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude:

11 46 54.2 33.03 N., 100.77 W. 10 km4.4 mb, 5.3 ML,

4.6 mbLg(S)

This earthquake was felt over an area of approximately 52,000 sq km of west Texas (fig. 22).

Intensity V;Texas Carlsbad (hanging pictures

fell, small objects broke), Flu- vanna (one broken window, hanging pictures fell, light furniture shifted), Justiceburg (uncon firmed report of cracked plas ter) , Peacock (few cracked win dows), Rotan (light furniture shifted), Snyder (cracked window, mirror fell and broke).

Intensity IV;New Mexico Hobbs.Texas Abilene, Ackerly, Albany

(press report), Anson, Aspermont, Ballinger, Big Lake, Big Spring, Blackwell, Breckenridge, Bronte, Coahoma, Coleman, Clyde, Colorado City, Dermott, Dunn, Eola, Gail, Girard, Goldsboro, Goodfellow AFB, Guthrie, Hamlin, Hermleigh, Ira, Jayton, Knott, Lamesa, Lorenzo, Lubbock, Lueders, Mar- yneal, McCaulley, Mereta, Merkel, Mertzon, Miles, Moran, New Home, Nolan, Old Glory, Ovalo, Roby, Roscoe, Rule, San Angelo, San Angelo Angelo State University, Spur, Stamford, Stanton, Sylves ter, Sweetwater (press report), Tahoka, Tuscola (press report), Valdera, Veribest, Water Valley, Westbrook, Windgate, Winters, Woodson.

Intensity III;Texas Gouldbusk, Loraine, Talpa.

Intensity II;Texas Glen Cove, Post, Sagerton.

Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV; Intensity III; Intensity II;

00 20 06.540.76 N., 112.20 W.14 km2.7 MLMagna, Salt Lake City.Tooele.Farmington.

9 March (U) Northern Utah Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity VI;

06 30 51.8 40.76 N., 112.08 W. 9 km 3.3 ML

_ __ _ Maqna (cracks in the exterior wall of fire station no. 2; windows broken, plaster and dry wall cracked).

Intensity V; Salt Lake City. Intensity IV; Hooper, Murray. Intensity III; Centerville (press report), Lincoln, Midvale.

9 March (U) Northern UtahOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV;

06 46 20.040.77 N., 112.08 W.7 km2.5 MLMagna (press report).

13 March (U) Northern Utah Origin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV; Intensity III;

13 35 43.440.76 N., 112.08 W.13 km2.8 MLMagna.Bountiful (press

report), Granger (press report), Salt Lake City (Glendale area and University of Utah Hospital press report).

Intensity II; Midvale.

29 July (U) Northern Utah14 04 03.241.85 N., 112.13 W.7 km

Origin time: Epicenter: Depth:Magnitude: 3.1 ML Intensity IV; Idaho Weston.Utah Cornish, Fielding, Howell,

Logan, Newton, Plymouth, Portage, Preston, Richmond, Riverside, Smithfield, Trenton.

Intensity III; Idaho Franklin. Utah Cherry Creek, Collinston,

Garland. Intensity II;

Idaho--Dayton. Utah Clarkston.

24 October (U) Southeastern Idaho Origin time: 20 30 59.3

See Idaho listing.

49

103° 102° ior 100° 99° 98°

35°

34C

33C

32°

EXPLANATION

Epicenter

Felt at intensity 5

° Not felt31 C

FIGURE 22. Isoseismal map for the west Texas earthquake of 16 June 1978, 11 46 54.2 UTC. Roman numerals represent Modified Mercalli intensities between isoseismals; Arabic numerals are used to represent these intensities at specific sites.

Utah Cont inued Virg inia

30 November (U) Southeastern Idaho Origin time: 06 53 40.1

See Idaho listing.

20 December (U) Southeastern Idaho Origin time: 13 46 22.6

See Idaho listing.

17 March (V) Southwestern Virginia Origin time: 18 26 34.5 Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude:

36.75 N. , 80.74 W. 7 km 2.8 mbLg

Intensity IV: Galax, Hillsville, Lambsburg, Laurel Fork, Woodlawn.

Intensity III; Dugspur.Intensity II; Austinville, Indepen dence .

50

Washington Washington Continued

5 March (W) Puget Sound area 29 March (W) Northwest Washington18 13 35.948.06 N., 123.00 W.57 km4.0 mb(G), 3.3 ML(G)Nordland.

Origin time:Epicenter:Depth:Magnitude:Intensity IV;Intensity III;British Columbia Victoria (tele

phone report).Washington North Seattle (tele

phone report), Oak Harbor (tele phone report).

Intensity II; Hansville.

11 March (W) Puget Sound areaOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude:

15 52 11.2 47.42 N., 122.71 W. 25 km4.3 mb(G), 4.8 ML,

3.2 MS(G)

This earthquake was felt over an area of 20,000 sq km of northwest Wash ington (fig. 23).

Intensity VI: Crystal Mountain Ski Resort (crack in rock and mortar wall at the Summit House; open beams supporting the roof moved 1-2 cm), Freeland (cracked plaster), Grotto (cracked plaster), Long- branch (cracked plaster and win dows ) .

Intensity V; Ashford, Bremerton, Centralia, Dockton, Enumclaw, Everett, Federal Way, Hobart, Issa- quah, La Grande, Leavenworth, Olym- pia, Port Orchard, Poulsbo, Pres ton, Redondo, Ronald, Seabeck, Seattle, Snoqualmie Pass, South Colby, Tacoma.

Intensity IV; Aberdeen, Allyn, Anderson Island, Baring, Belfair, Blakely Island, Brinnon, Burley, Cinebar, Clearlake, Des Moines, East Olympia, Eatonville, Fort Lewis (Gray Army Airfield), Fox Island, Gig Harbor, Glenoma, Hadlock, Hoodsport, Indianola, Kapowsin, Kent, La Conner, Lakebay, Little Rock, Lyman, Lynnwood, McKenna, Medina, Milton, Mukilteo, Olalla, Olga, Orting, Pacific, Parkland, Port Angeles, Proctor, Puyallup, Ranier, Renton, Roy, Skykomish, Spanaway, Tillicum, Tra- cyton, Union, Vashon, Vaughn, Wilkeson, Winslow, Yelon.

Intensity III; Buckley, Carbonado, Carnation, Fircrest, Fort Lewis, Gold Bar, Lake Stevens, Lakewood Center, McMillin, Napavine, Oak- ville, Randle, Redmond, Wall ing- ford, Wenatchee (press report).

Intensity II; Bellevue, Edmonds, Fall City, Forest Park, Index, Les- ter, Lilliwaup, Mineral.


12 16 38.448.20 N., 122.76 W.24 km2.7 ML(G)Oak Harbor.

31 March (W) Puget Sound areaOrigin time: 08 03 00.2Epicenter: 47.42 N., 122.72 W.Depth: 23 kmMagnitude: 4.2 ML(G)

This earthquake was felt over an area of 7,000 sq km of the Puget Sound area (fig. 24) .

Intensity V: Bremerton (hairline cracks in exterior walls), Brinnon, Chimacum, Hadlock, Manchester, Olalla, Port Orchard, Port Ludlow, Poulsbo, Quilcene, Rollingbay, Seabeck, Seattle, Tacoma, Tracyton, Union.

Intensity IV; Auburn, Baring, Bel- fair, Bellevue, Burley, Crystal Mountain, Dockton, Fircrest, Fox Island, Hansville, Index, Indi anola, Kapowsin, Kingston, Lil liwaup, Matlock, Medina, Olympia, Puyallup, Ravensdale, Tahuya, Vaughn.

Intensity III: La Grande.Intensity II; Carnation, Nordland.

27 June (W) WashingtonOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity II;

02 18 58.846 .86 N., 120.96 W.1 km3.7 ML(G)Naches Ranger Station

(W), Snoqualmie.

23 August (Q) Vancouver Island, BritishColumbia

Origin time: 10 37 18.0 Epicenter: 48.38 N., 123.20 W. Depth: 17 km Magnitude: 4.4 mb(G), 3.5 ML

Felt at intensity V on Vancouver Island.

Intensity IV;Harbor.

Intensity II;

Eastsound, Friday

Port Angeles (W).

31 December (W) Seattle areaOrigin time: 03 23 46.7 Epicenter: 47.58 N., 121.85 W. Depth: 20 km Magnitude: 4.0 ML(G)

This earthquake was felt over an area of approximately 8,500 sq km of Washington and British Columbia (fig. 25).

124° 123° 122° 121 C

EXPLANATION

w Epicenter


Not f46

FIGURE 23. Isoseismal map for the Puget Sound, Washington, earthquake of 11 March 1978, 15 52 11.2 UTC. Roman numerals represent Modified Mercalli intensi ties between isoseismals; Arabic numerals are used to represent these intensities at specific sites. Dashed line indicates the isoseismal is not well defined by the data.

Washington Continued Washington Continued

Intensity V; Washington

Granite Falls (light furniture and small objects shifted, felt by many),

North Seattle (press reported small cracks in walls and ceil-

52

ing of one home). Intensity IV:Washington Bothell, Clinton, Fall

City, Freeland, Gold Bar, Grotto, Hobart, Index, Kenmore (press report), Kingston, Lake City (press report), Lake Forest Park

124° 123° 122°

r+ Epicenter


FIGURE 24. Isoseismal map for the Puget Sound, Washington, earthquake of 31 March 1978, 08 03 00.2 UTC. Roman numerals represent Modified Mercalli intensi ties between isoseismals; Arabic numerals are used to represent th«se intensities at specific sites. Dashed line indicates the isoseismal is not well defined by the data.

Washington Continued Washington Continued

(press report), Lake Stevens, Magnolia (press report), Monroe, Mukilteo, Northbend, Port Orchard, Preston, Ravensdale, Renton, Seattle, Seattle-Tacoma Airport (furniture shifted on the fifth floor), Snoqualmie, Sultan, Woodinville.

Intensity III;Washington Belfair, Conway, Dar-

rington, Everett, Kirkland, Med ina, Mountlake Terrace, Port Townsend, Shaw Island, Startup.

Intensity II;

British Columbia Victoria (pressreport).

Washington Black Diamond, Coupe-ville, Edmonds, North Bend, Ret-sil, Skykomish, Tacoma.

13 January

Wyoming

Yellowstone National Park

53

Seven earthquakes were felt in the eastern part of the park from Janu-

123° 122° 121°

49 C

48°

Epicenter

' Felt at intensity 5

Nat felt'Shaw Islands

47

FIGURE 25.--Isoseismal map for the Seat tle earthquake of 31 December 1978, 03 23 46.7 UTC. Roman numerals represent Modified Mercalli intensities between isoseismals; Arabic numerals are used to represent these intensities at specific sites.

Wyoming--Continued

ary 13 to 21. The largest magni tude of these quakes was about 1.8 ML. They were felt at Canyon Vil lage and Lake, with the smaller magnitude events only being felt at Lake. Maximum intensity was IV.

16 January (G) Southeast WyomingOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity III;

03 50 03.142.43 N., 105.31 W.5 km3.0 ML

_________ 14.5 km north of Laramie, Wheatland (telephone report).

Wyoming--Cont inued

Depth: Magnitude:

Intensity III;

4 km3.3 mb, 3.1 ML,

3.5 ML(D) Old Faithful.

7 March (G) Yellowstone National ParkOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude:

01 10 47.6 44.43 N., 110.84 W. 5 km3.7 mb, 3.5 ML,

3.8 ML(D)

From March 7 at 01 09 UTC, to 18 30 UTC, a swarm of 129 tremors was felt at Old Faithful. This series was known to have immediately induced minor changes in the ther mal activity in the Upper Geyser Basin. These included increased turbidity in Heart Spring and Calida, and more vigorous splashing in Tea Kettle, with a rise in water level.

No changes in thermal activityoccurred at the Norris Geyser Basin for 2.5 days after the swarm. But by March 23, Palpitar Spring had drained and the algae had died. At Steamboat Geyser minor eruptions appeared to have greater volume, and on March 28 the geyser had its first major eruption in 9 years. Runoff and sinter deposition at Cistun Springs had shifted from the west side of the pool to the southeast side, where two small trees were dying from the hot v/ater (R. A. Hutchinson, National Park Service, written commun., 1978).

Intensity V: Old Faithful.

7 March (G) Yellowstone National ParkOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV;

07 39 33.144.30 N., 110.92 W,5 km3.8 mb, 3.1 MLOld Faithful.

15 April (G) Western Wyoming

2 February (G) Yellowstone National Park


05 23 50 42.72 N. 5 km 2.5 ML Afton.

110.88 W.


Intensity III;

00 36 25.644.39 N., 110.81 W.5 km3.6 mb, 3.4 ML,

3.6 ML(D)Old Faithful.

(Shocks at 00 49 01.4 and 04 30 25.9 with magnitudes of 2.8 ML and 2.6 ML were also felt.)

7 June Yellowstone National ParkOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV: Intensity III;

12 28Not located. None computed. None computed. Canyon Village. Lake .

2 February (G) Yellowstone National Park Origin time: 12 35 56.2 Epicenter: 44.38 N., 110.83 W.

54

June Yellowstone National Park Origin time: 15 01 54 Epicenter: Not located. Depth: None computed.

Wyoming Cont inued Wyoming--Continued

Magnitude: Intensity III:

None computed. Old Faithful.

18 June Yellowstone National Park

Epicenter : Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV:

44.56 N. , 110.49 W. 5 km 2.5 ML Canyon Village, Fish-


22 40 Not located. None computed. None computed. Old Faithful.

19 June Yellowstone National ParkOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV:

area.

05 43Not located.None computed.None computed.Lake-Fishing Bridge

15 July Yellowstone National ParkOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV; Intensity III;

08 26Not located.None computed.None computed.Norris.Canyon Village.

ing Bridge, Lake.

2 October (G) Yellowstone National Park Origin time: 13 59 10.7 Epicenter: 44.74 N., 110.78 W. Depth: 5 km Magnitude: 3.5 ML, 3.5 ML(D)

This earthquake and the one at 23 55 42.6 are two of nine which were felt in the park area on October 2 in a 12-hour period from 11 59 to 23 55 UTC. The intensity data are from R. A. Hutchinson, Park Geolo gist (written commun., 1979).

21 July Yellowstone National Park Origin time: 10 01

Not located. None computed. None computed. Grant Village.

Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV;

21 August Yellowstone National Park Origin time: 12 14

Not located. None computed. None computed. Old Faithful (earth-

Epicenter:Depth:Magnitude:Intensity III;quakes at 12:16, 12:27, and 12:32 were also felt at intensity III).

21 August Yellowstone National Park Origin time: 13 14 Epicenter: Not located. Depth: None computed. Magnitude: None computed.

Five other earthquakes were felt at Old Faithful following this one. They were felt at 13:16, 13:27, 13:32, 14:25, and 14:27 (R. A. Hutchinson, Park Geologist).

Intensity III; Old Faithful.

15 September (G) Yellowstone National Park Origin time: 13 45 44.8

Intensity III: Intensity II;

Madison Junction. Old Faithful.

2 October (G) Yellowstone National ParkOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity IV;Norris.

Intensity III; Intensity II;

23 55 42.644.71 N., 110.80 W.5 km3.6 ML, 3.7 ML(D)Madison Junction,

Canyon Village. Old Faithful.

12 October Yellowstone National Park Origin time: 13 52 Epicenter: Not located. Depth: None computed. Magnitude: None computed.

This is the first of about 35 earth quakes occurring in a 90-minute period which were felt at Grant Village (R. A. Hutchinson, written commun., 1979).

Intensity IV; Grant Village.

4 November (G) Hebgen Lake region Origin time: 15 49 43.8

See Montana listing.

11 November (G) Yellowstone National ParkOrigin time: Epicenter: Depth: Magnitude: Intensity II;

20 46 20.844.39 N., 110.25 W.6 km3.2 ML, 3.9 ML(D)Lake.

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ALASKA EARTHQUAKES, 1978

By Larry GedneyGeophysical InstituteUniversity of Alaska

Fairbanks, Alaska 99701

During 1978, the Geophysical Insti tute of the University of Alaska located 4,281 Alaskan earthquakes occurring within the boundaries of its existing Alaskan seismographic network. The results were presented in the series of publications, "Summary of Alaskan Earthquakes," prepared quarterly by the Geophysical Institute. Magnitudes of the individual earthquakes ranged from below 0 (in areas which are heavily instrumented, such as the Fair banks seismic zone) to magnitude 6.5. That largest event occurred southeast of Kodiak Island on April 12, 1978. The Institute's seismographic coverage does not permit the location of earthquakes in either southeast Alaska or the Aleutians.

Owing to various research and moni toring needs, there exists several iden tifiable subnets of stations in the Geo physical Institute's seismographic cover age. A 6-station subnet was operated in northeastern Alaska to evaluate seismic hazards in the Brooks Range and adjacent areas where petroleum development and pro duction activities are underway or planned. A subnet around the Seward Pen insula was established to evaluate hazards in an area planned for future hydrocarbon development in Norton and Kotzebue Sounds. A subnet in southern Alaska, around Cook Inlet and Kodiak Island, was also designed to provide information of seismic hazards in an area soon to be undergoing hydrocar bon development, as well as for monitoring a seismic gap, expected to undergo a major earthquake in the near future. These three subnets have been largely supported by funds from the Outer Continental Shelf Environmental Assessment Program, admin istered by the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, and the south ern subnet has also received support from the U.S. Department of Energy. A subnet in central Alaska has been supported largely by funds from the State of Alaska. This subnet occupies the most populated area of the state and most of the trans portation corridors.

Data originating at the various seismometers were transmitted in analog form to central recording sites at Fair banks and Homer, Alaska, via combinations of VHF, tropospheric scatter and satellite radio links. Communication ties with the

fl9

NOAA Alaska Tsunami Warning Center at Pal mer, Alaska, permit real-time mutual data exchange with both the USGS and NOAA. Cooperative data .acquisition and analysis also is performed with the Lament Geophysical Observatory which operated seismic stations in the Shumagin region of the Aleutians.

NORTHERN AND CENTRAL CALIFORNIA EARTHQUAKES, 1978

By Robert A. UhrhammerSeismographic Station

475 Earth Sciences BuildingUniversity of California, Berkeley

Berkeley, California 94720

Some 5,200 events were noted on sum mary sheets and 1,220 teleseisms and 440 local earthquakes were analyzed during 1978. The Bulletin of the Seismographic Stations, Volume 48, Nos. 1 and 2 (McKen- zie and others, 1978), contains location and magnitude information for 210 earth quakes (3.0£ML<5.8) located in northern and central California and adjoining regions. The epicentral locations are plotted in figure 26 (the numbers correspond to a list in the bulletin).

A plot of the cumulative number of earthquakes versus local Richter magnitude (ML) is given in figure 27. The data set consists of 895 earthquakes ( 3 . 0<MLj<5 . 9 ) listed in the U. C. Bulletin of the Seismographic Stations, in a 280,000 sq km region in northern and central California during the decade of January 1, 1967 to December 31, 1976. The region is bounded on the north and east by the California border, on the southeast by the dashed line in figure 26, on the southwest by a line connecting 35° N. - 121° W. and 39° N. - 125° W., and on the west by 125° W. longitude. The earthquakes are grouped into 20 consecutive 6-month intervals for analysis and the average cumulative number of earthquakes (N) (total number a magni tude >^ ML) in a 6-month interval is given by

log(N) = 4.412 - 0.912 ML

(valid for 3.0<ML<5.9). The shaded zone in figure 27 depicts the 95 percent confi dence interval for log(N).

The open circles in figure 27 give the cumulative number of earthquakes (59 earthquakes, 3.0<ML<4.6) in the first 6 months of 1978 and the solid circles give the cumulative number of earthquakes (96

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NORTHERN CALIFORNIA

^__J_ 4I . EARTHQUAKES

JANUARY-DECEMBER 1978

MAGNITUDE

3O-34

3.5-3.9

> 40

Figure 26. Northern California earthquakes during 1978.

earthquakes 3.0<ML<5.3) in the last 6 months of 1978. There is thus no indica tion that the rate of seismicity for the first 6 months of 1978 is significantly different from the average semiannual rate of seismicity over the past decade. How ever, the rate of seismicity for the last 6 months of 1978 is significantly higher than the average semiannual rate of seismicity over the past decade. The high rate of seismicity for the last 6 months of 1978 (41 earthquakes, 3.0<ML<4.6) is attributed to the occurrence of the earth quake sequence to the east of Mt. Shasta (#29 in figure 26)

A sequence of 43 earthquakes (3.0^ML£5.8) centered approximately 30 km nortKwe"st of Bishop (#28 in figure 26) occurred during the last quarter of 1978. This sequence contained the largest earth quake (ML = 5.8) to have occurred in northern and central California during 1978.

The Seismographic Station operated a network of 19 stations during 1978. Two instruments located at Berkeley (BKS) are of particular interest: a pair of Wood- Anderson torsion instruments which are recorded on helicorders and on magnetic tape, and a three-component ultralong- period seismograph (T = 100 sec) which is recorded photographically and on magnetic tape.

A pair of Wood-Anderson torsion seismometers are mounted in phototube amplifiers that provide electrical signals proportional to their deflection. The signals are recorded on helicorders at two magnification levels, 700X and 14000X, and also on analog magnetic tape at two gain levels. The helicorder recordings are used for preliminary local magnitude (ML) estimates.

A three-component ultralong-period seismograph (T = 100 sec) is undergoing

RATE OF SEISMICITY FOR NORTHERN 8 CENTRAL CALIFORNIA

30 3.5 4O 4.5 50LOCAL RICHTER MAGNITUDE (M L )

Figure 27. Plot of cumulative number of earthquakes versus local Richter magnitude (ML).

continuous development. Displacement transducers are used on the seismometers to detect the boom deflection. The dis placement transducer output is filtered to simulate a velocity transducer coupled to a 300 sec galvonometer and recorded photo graphically with a peak magnification of 500 at a period of 100 sec. The signals are also recorded on analog magnetic tape at two gain levels, + 20 microns full- scale (flat in displacment response from 0.1 sec to 100 sec) and +2 mm full-scale (passband: 0 - 10 Hz). The ultralong- period seismograph is used primarily to analyze major teleseisms and strong local earthquakes .

SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EARTHQUAKES, 1978

By L. K. Button, J. H. Whitcomb,and C. R. Alien

Seismological LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of Technology

Pasadena, California 91125

and

G. S. Fuis and C. E. JohnsonU.S. Geological Survey atSeismological Laboratory

California Institute of TechnologyPasadena, California 91125

During 1978, 5,643 local earthquakes were located by the 135-station Southern California Seismographic Network, which is operated jointly by the California Insti tute of Technology and the U.S. Geological Survey. Figure 28 shows these events plotted on a map of the region, with the major faults indicated. Caltech maintains an earthquake catalog complete above mag nitude 3.0 in the area enclosed by the box in the figure.

Twenty-six of the year's earthquakes were 4.0 or greater in magnitude. The most significant sequences were: (1) a

84

swarm in the Cerro Prieto area, Baja Cali fornia, in March which included 288 events; (2) the Santa Barbara earthquake (ML = 5.1) of August 13 and its 403 aftershocks; and (3) the Bishop (Owens Valley) earthquake (ML =5.8) with its 223 aftershocks. The latter two main shocks caused light to moderate damage in their respective epicentral areas.

1978 marked the second year of rou tine operation of the CEDAR (Caltech Earthquake Detection and Recording) on line computer system (Johnson, 1979). Experience shows that the seismicity data can be processed in a reasonably timely fashion, with a detection threshold main tained at 1.8 in the dense part of the network. The seismicity data are currently available in preliminary monthly catalogs (Whitcomb and others, 1978, 1979), and will soon be printed in final form.

CENTRAL MISSISSIPPI VALLEY EARTHQUAKES, 1978

By W. Stauder, R. Herrmann, C. Nicholson, S. Singh, M. Woods, C. Kirn, R. Perry,

S. Morrissey, and E. Haug Department of Earth and

Atmospheric Sciences Saint Louis University St. Louis, MO 63156

During 1978, 244 earthquakes were located and 388 other nonlocatable earth quakes were detected by a twenty-four sta tion regional micr©earthquake network operated by Saint Louis University under contract for the USGS and NRC. Figure 29 shows the earthquakes located within a 4° x 4° region centered on 37.0° N. , and 89.5° W. The magnitudes are indicated by the size of the open symbols. Figure 30 shows the locations and magnitudes of 210 earthquakes located within a 1.5° x 1.5° region centered at 36.25° N. and 89.75° W.

The year 1978 marked the beginning of expansion of the original 16 station USGS southeast Missouri regional seismic net-^ work by the addition of eight NRC spon-r" sored stations in southeastern Illinois. Funding was also obtained from the USGS and the NRC to add 24 stations along the seismicity trends of figure 30. The resultant station separation of about 10 km will significantly improve hypocenter accuracies and detection thresholds.

Significant earthquakes during 1978 included the following:

1. 2 June 0207 UTC, 38.4° N., 88.5° W., felt in Fair field, Illinois, m3Hz =3.7 (FVM).

2. 29 August 0705 UTC, 38.5° N., 88.2° W., felt in West Salem, Illinois, m3Hz =2.4 (FVM).

3. 31 August 0031 UTC, 36.1° N.,

ML < 3.0

3. 0 < ML < 4. 04. 0 < ML < 5.05. 0 < ML < 6. 0 ML > 6. 0

Figure 28. Southern California earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 ML or greater during 1978.

89.4° W., felt in Dyersburg, Tennessee, MM V, mb = 3.5 (FVM).20 September 1224 UTC, 38.6° N. , 90.3° W., felt in St. Louis, Mis souri, MM IV, mb = 3.0 (BLA).21 November 2331 UTC, 36.0° N., 89.9° W. , felt in Blytheville, Arkansas, m3Hz =2.3 (FVM). 5 December 0148 UTC, 38.6° N., 88.4° W., felt in West Salem, Illinois and neighboring five counties, mb = 3.5 (FVM).

The Illinois earthquakes located between WSIL and BPIL exhibit focal depths between 15 and 25 km, making them deeper on the average than those in the Missis sippi Embayment where the focal depths are usually less than 15 km. A microearthquake survey using portable seismographs was conducted near Ridgely, Tennessee by Nicholson and Singh (1978). Northwest

striking, southwesterly dipping reverse faulting was identified, near the station CRT of figure 30, through the use of com posite focal mechanisms and vertical depth profiles.

KANSAS EARTHQUAKES, 1978

By Don W. Steeples Kansas Geological SurveyUniversity of Kansas Lawrence, Kansas 66044

During 1978, the Kansas Geological Survey operated nine telemetered microearthquake seismograph stations (fig. 31) in eastern Kansas. Four additional stations were to be installed in northwest Kansas and south-central Nebraska during 1979. Station locations are given in table 2.

85

87.59.0

38.0

37.0 37.0

36.0 - 36.0

35.0

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35.087.5

29. Central Mississippi earthquakes during within a 4' xteredW.

at 37.0'

Valley 1978

region cen- N. and 89.5'

. Central Mississippi earthquakes duringwithin a 1.5' centered at 89.75' W.

x 1.5 36.25'

35.5

Valley 1978

region N. and

A series of 16 microearthquakes occurred within or near the Kansas borders between December 1, 1977 and the end of 1978 (fig. 32). Location parameters are given in table 3. Several of the microearthquake locations seem to trend along the Nemaha/Humboldt structure, indi cating that parts of it are at least slightly active.

The occurrence of microearthquakes along the approximate trace of the Hum- boldt fault implies the possible occurrence in the past and future of larger earthquakes. Previously unknown felt reports from the 1867 so-called "Manhattan earthquake" (Modified Mercalli Intensity VII) suggest that the epicenter may have been east of Manhattan near the known Humboldt fault trace (DuBois and Wilson, 1978) rather than "22 miles northwest of Manhattan" (Merriam, 1956). Several years of microearthquake data will be required in conjunction with historical earthquake data to estimate the average return period for the 1867-type earth quake .

The series of felt earthquakes in the Manhattan vicinity in 1929 remain an enigma in regard to their structural source. Isoseismal patterns clearly indi cate that the epicenters were 20 to 40 km west of the trace of the Humboldt fault. It is expected that this question will be answered in the future by microearthquake record ing.

The microearthquakes plotted in fig ure 32 in northwest Kansas and southwest Nebraska occurred between December 1, 1977 and September 30, 1978. The events are only located with an estimated accuracy of 20 to 25 km, but they all clearly lie on a structural trend known as the Central Kan sas Uplift in Kansas and as the Chadron and Cambridge Arch in Nebraska. On May 7, 1978 an event with mbLg = 3.9 (not shown in fig. 32) occurred on the Chadron Arch in western Nebraska. The seismicity pat tern of 1977-78, coupled with several his torical epicenters (Woollard, 1958) sug gests that some low to moderate level of tectonic activity is occurring along this whole structure in central and northwest Kansas and in western Nebraska. A long- term trend of such tectonic movement is explicitly suggested by Stanley and Wayne (1972) on the basis of drainage and sedi mentation patterns in the area during the Pleistocene Epoch and by present-day stream gradients and knickpoints on several rivers that cross the structural trend .

86

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Figure 31. Kansas Geological Survey seismograph network in 1978. Stations in Cloud, Saline, and Butler Counties did not begin operating until April, 1978. Stations shown by squares were to be added in 1979.

KANSAS

o Microearthquakes: December 1,1977-January 1,1979 Historical Earthquakes M M < VII, 1867-1978 Historical Earthquakes M M = VII, 1867, 1906 Faults

Figure 32. Kansas earthquakes and the Humboldt Fault Zone that trends north- northeasterly across the State. The Central Kansas Uplift is associated with the faults that trend north-westerly in northwestern Kansas.

87

Table 2.--Station locations in Kansas

Station

BEKEMKHWKLAKMLKTCKEDKSNKCNKOBKNNK

Lat. (°N.)

39.26338.44739.80239.04639.10639.38537.77438.95339.50839.92939.936

Long. Elevation (°W.) (m)

96.20096.31795.49795.20596.89296.72396.79597.60397.713

100.439100.042

349307320326386377418407465805730

Table 3. Microearthquake locations in Kansas

Date (1978)

Jan .Jan.Jan.Feb.Apr .MayMaySep.Nov .Dec .Dec .Dec .

1113273

14202214144

10

Origin time (UTC)

212011002301040808232313

321525252753280644060641

03.33.37.47.38.43.35.18.59.14.23.02.

883965622936065988642012

Lat

38.40.39.40.39.39.39.40.39.37.39.39.

Long. * Depth .) («W.) (km)

868093836032814998135896860340138477

96.95.95.

100.96.

100.96.

100.97.98.

100.93.

201700974333395333292367349640455259

0.415.009.035.001.185.008.865.005.000.525.005.00

Mag. (DUR)

1.61.72.42.41.92.32.32.21.62.22.32.0

OKLAHOMA EARTHQUAKES, 1978

By James E. Lawson, Jr. Oklahoma Geophysical Observatory

University of Oklahoma Leonard, Oklahoma

and

Kenneth V. LuzaOklahoma Geological Survey

University of OklahomaNorman, Oklahoma 73019

The article below is a condensed ver sion of a paper by Lawson and Luza origi nally published in Oklahoma Geology Notes, vol. 39, June 1979.

A statewide network of 10 seismograph stations are recording seismological data in Oklahoma (fig. 33). The Oklahoma Geophys-ical Observatory station, TUL, has been recording earthquake data since December 1961. The Observatory, located near Leonard, Oklahoma, in southern Tulsa County, operates seven seismometers, three long-period and four short-period, which are installed in a vault detached from the main building. The seismic responses at TUL are recorded on 11 paper-drum record ers; 16 seismograms are recorded on 16-mm film. Seven semipermanent, volunteer-

88

operated seismograph stations and two radio-telemetry stations constitute Oklahoma's regional network. The instal lation and maintenance of these stations are being supported by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) (Luza, 1978).

Each of the seven volunteer-operated seismograph stations consists of a Geotech S-13 short-period, vertical seismometer; a Sprengnether MEQ-800 B unit, including amplifier, filters, ink-recording unit and a clock; and a Kinemetrics time-signal radio receiver for high-frequency WWV time signals. Each radio-telemetry system con sists of one Geotech S-13 seismometer and one Emheiser Rand telemetry unit. Seismo graphs from the radio-telemetry stations are recorded at the Oklahoma Geophysical Observatory.

In 1978, 35 Oklahoma earthquakes were located (fig. 34) by the Oklahoma Geophysical Observatory staff. Magnitude values range from a low of 1.3 (m3Hz) in Okfuskee County to as high as 3.1 (m3Hz) in Le Flore County. The listing only represents those earthquakes that could be located by using three or more seismograph records. Only four earthquakes were reported felt by people living in the vicinity of the earthquake epicenters. These earthquakes include the March 9 earthquake in Love County, MM II (modified Mercalli intensity), the May 18 earthquake in Canadian County, MM I, and two earth quakes on May 19 in Canadian County, MM III and MM II.

The 1978 earthquake epicentral data, which form a limited data set, when com bined with previous earthquake data pro duce some seismic trends worthy of discus sion. Five 1978 earthquakes, of which three were felt, occurred near El Reno in Canadian County. This location is near the site of the April 9, 1952 earthquake with the magnitude of 5.5 (mb") . Three additional earthquakes occurred northeast of El Reno in Logan County. These earth quakes, when combined with the historical earthquakes in this area, form a zone 30 km wide and 145 km long that crosses the Nemaha Uplift at a 30° angle. It is not clear what this trend represents; however, it is subparallel to a a regional northeast-southwest structural grain in northeastern Oklahoma. In south-central Oklahoma, there is a concentration of earthquakes in the Wilson area, Carter and Love Counties. This area has also been the site of numerous small earthquakes in the past. The subsurface geology near Wilson consists of deformed, complexly faulted Paleozoic rocks. Several 1978 epicenters as well as pre-1978 earthquake epicenters fall within and (or) along the northern front of the Ouachita Mountains. Several of these epicenters are within 1 or 2 km of known surface faulting.

An HP-9825A desk-top computer system

A Radio telemetry field station; includes station abbreviation

Oklahoma Geophysical Observatory

Radio telemetry path

Figure 33. Active seismograph stations in Oklahoma

Earthquake intensity IV

igure 34. Distribution of Oklahoma earthquakes during 1978. event numbers in table 4.

Numbers correspond to

is used to calculate local earthquake epi centers. A catalog containing date, ori gin time, county, intensity, magnitude, location, focal depth, and references is printed in page-size format. Table 4 con tains the 1978 Oklahoma earthquakes displayed in a modified version of the regional earthquake catalog.

There are several different scales used to report magnitude. Table 4 has three magnitude scales which are mbLg (Nuttli, 1973), m3Hz (Nuttli, 1973), and MDUR (Lawson, 1978). Each magnitude scale was established to accommodate specific criteria, such as the distance from the epicenter, as well as the availability of certain seismic data.

For earthquake epicenters located from 11 km to 222 km from a seismograph station, Otto Nuttli developed the m3Hz magnitude scale (Zollweg, 1974). This

magnitude is derived expression:

from the following

89

m3Hz = log(A/T) - 1.63 + .871og (D),

where A is the maximum center-to-peak vertical-ground-motion amplitude sustained for three or more cycles of Sg waves, near 3 hertz in frequency, measured in nanome ters; T is the period of the Sg waves measured in seconds; and D is the great- circle distance from epicenter to station measured in kilometers.

Otto Nuttli's (1973) earthquake mag nitude, mbLg, for seismograph stations located between 55.6 km and 445 km from the epicenter, is derived from the follow ing equation:

mbLg = log(A/T) - 1.09 + 0.901og(D).

Where seismograph stations are located

between 445 km and 3,360 km from the epi center, mbLg is defined as

mbLg = log(A/T) - 3.10 + 1.661og(D),

where A is the maximum center-to-peak vertical-ground-motion amplitude sustained for three or more cycles of Sg waves, near 1 hertz in frequency, measured in nanome ters; T is the period of Sg waves measured in seconds; and is the great-circle dis tance from station to epicenter measured in kilometers.

The MDUR magnitude scale was developed by Lawson (1978) for earthquakes in Oklahoma and adjacent areas. It is defined as

MDUR = 1.861oq(DUR) - 1.49,

where DUR is the duration or difference,

in seconds, between the Pg-wave arrival time and the time the final coda amplitude decreases to twice the background-noise amplitude. If the Pn wave is the first arrival, the interval between the earthquake-origin time and the decrease of the coda to twice the background-noise amplitude is measured instead.

The depth to the earthquake hypocenter is measured in kilometers. For most Oklahoma earthquakes the focal depth is unknown. In almost all Oklahoma events, the stations are several times farther from the epicenter than the likely depth of the event. This makes the loca tions indeterminate at depth, which usu ally requires that the hypocenter depth be restrained to an arbitrary 5 km for pur poses of computing latitude, longitude, and origin time. All available evidence indicates that no Oklahoma hypocenters have been deeper than 15 to 20 km.

Table 4. Oklahoma earthquake catalog for 1978

Event Date number (1978)

148149150151152153154155156157158159160161162163164165166167168169170171172173174175176177178179180181182

Jan.Jan .Feb.Feb.Feb.Mar.Mar.Mar.Apr .Apr .Apr .Apr .Apr .MayMayMayMayMayMayMayMayJuneAuq .Aug .Aug.Aug .Sep.Sep.Sep.Sep.Dec.Dec.Dec.Dec.Dec.

88

101421

3592

11131920

14

17181819192822

368

268

262727

819272828

Origin time (UTC)

0410060111021406210803140822042300000006090500041214052101201102220513

1619420912244630325143201359351119323927191035280757161756561800003054

33.5617.6502.3938.6448.1137.2850.4850.8248.0802.4350.7654.0604.0013.3852.8915.6522.4317.5737.4632.7000.2215.5437.0956.8348.6951.9906.6017.7203.8103.7553.9228. 8730.0232.4309.81

Lat ( N.)

36.97135.82434.71235.77734.53535.08634.69934.01034.63534.69334.35136.08834.58634.40035.58835.52535.50235.60135.13536.00235. 21335. 92336.68936.07334.12734.17836.15535.51935. 51933.88334.67635.08633.99634.08033.991

Long ( W.)

97.97.96.97.99.96.95.97.96.95.96.96.95.94.96.97.97.97.97.97.96.99.10099.97.97.95.97.97.97.96.95.97.97.97.

463642157585003278033378057681820136293673345910949828503367144089.162935463463275866843477063125512462456

Depth (km)

5.0 R5.0 R5.0 R5.0 R5.0 R5.0 R7.0 R5.0 R5.0 R5.0 R5.0 R5.0 R5.0 R5.0 R5.0 R5.0 R5. 0 R5.0 R5.0 R5.0 R5.0 R5.0 R5.0 R5.0 R5.0 R5.0 R5.0 R5.0 R5.0 R5.0 R5.0 R5.0 R5.0 R5.0 R5.0 R

Magnitudes 3Hz mbLg DUR

1.52.12.11.72.52.53.1 2.51.71.91.51.72.11. 32.12.52.21.71.82.12.02.33.02.3

2.22.22.42.01.22.01.41.9

2.01.5 2.22.12.92.62.3 2.0 2.2 2.32.72.12.0 2.12.22.2

2.22.1 1.81.7 1.92.1

1.52.21.91.72.02.42.72.52.51.81.91.11.62.21.52.02.62.11.91.41.82.22.42.61.91.41.42.22.21.91.71.71.91.51.9

County Intensity (MM)

KayLog anCoalLoganTillmanHughesLeFloreLoveAtokaPittsburgJohns tonTulsaCoalMcCurtainOkf uskeeCanadianCanad ianCanad ianMcClainLoganHughesDeweyBeaverEllisCarterCarterMayesCanadianCanad ianLoveAtokaHaskellLoveLoveLove

_ II

IIIIII

The hypocenter is restrained (R) at an arbitrary depth of 5.0 km, except cated, for purposes of computing latitude, longitude, and origin time.

on

where indi-

SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES EARTHQUAKES. 1978

By G. A. Bollinger Department of Geological Sciences Virginia Polytechnic Institute

and State University Blacksburg, Virginia 24061

There were 25 earthquakes located in the southeastern United States during 1978. Of these, seven had M _> 3 and/or were felt (table 5). Considerable microearthquake (M < 3) activity was reported near reservoTrs in South Carolina and Georgia. Finally, some microearth quake occurrences, not in the vicinity of reservoirs, were reported in Virginia. Figure 35 shows the spatial distribution of the 1978 seismicity. A full data listing for all 1978 shocks was given in Southeastern United States Seismic Network Bulletins No. 2^ and 3_. Copies of those reports may be obtained by contacting the author.

88

Epicenter for o Single Eqke

* Location of Multiple

The number of seismic stations operating in the region varied between 62 and 81. Figure 36 shows the station dis tribution (81) present at the end of 1978.

Table 5. Southeastern United States earthquakes

Date Origin time Lat. Long. Depth Mag. State (1978) (UTC) (°N.) (°W.) (km) (mbLg) felt

Jan.Feb.Mar.Mar.JuneJulyDec.

825

117

91611

11030418230602

34530826153906

22.427.726.134.519.137.849.4

32.36.34.36.32.39.31.

78194975099390

88.79.86.80.88.76.88.

25306874582649

5857

1055

3.02.22.52.83.33.03.5

AL-MSNCALVA

AL-MSPAMS

88° 86* 84' 82* 78° 76° 74° 72°

I I 1 I

Figure 35. Southeastern United States earthquake epicenters during 1978.

Figure 36. Southeastern United States seismic stations (solid cir cles) operating at the close of 1978. Numbers indicate the number of closely-spaced multiple stations at a given location.

VIRGINIA EARTHQUAKES, 1978

By G. A. Bollinger Department of Geological Sciences Virginia Polytechnic Institute

and State University Blacksburg, Virginia 24061

Installation of a 10-station seismic network in Virginia was completed in 1978. That network consists of two 5-station clusters: One in the Giles County area of western Virginia and the other in the cen tral portion of the state. Additionally, 4-station subarrays, in the North Anna (central Virginia) and Bath County (north central Virginia), were obtained from Vir ginia Electric and Power Company. By the end of 1978, 16 of the 18 total stations were operational (see fig. 37).

During this initial monitoring period, a total of 26 earthquakes (- 0.9<NK2.8) were detected. Of these, only 11 were locatable (three or more recording

stations; see fig. 38). Their HYP071 parameters are shown in table 6. For the remaining 15 nonlocatable events, 8 were in the Giles County area, 3 were in cen tral Virginia, 1 was near North Anna, and 3 were in Bath County.

Table 6. Virginia earthquakes

Date (1978)

Jan.Mar.MayMayJuneJuneJulyAug .Sep.Oct.Oct.Nov.

281710259

22283014142915

Origin time (UTC)

231804080406080219011208

132619304242391937502233

23.34.12.27.48.29.40.38.06.52.42.47.

358090825862

Lat ( N

37.36.37.37.37.36.37.37.37.37.38.37.

Long.

230748403075747798343293495303025652

808080808182808081807877

.780,741.670.817.233.357.682.700.232.562.102.545

Depth Nag. (km) (DUR)

975

10101011

12

1.02.80.41.00.71.00.50.6

-0.3-0.30.60.8

Figure 37. Virginia Technical Seismic Network.

Figure 38. Virginia earthquake epicenters during 1978. Solid circles represent earthquake epicenters and o en circles represent seismic stations.

Miscellaneous Activities

CRUSTAL MOVEMENT STUDIES

Vertical Control Surveys

By Sand ford R. Holdahl NOAA, National Ocean Survey

National Geodetic Survey Rockville, Maryland 20852

Alaska

The results of four leveling surveys carried out by the National Geodetic Sur vey between Anchorage and Whittier, Alaska, combined with an analysis of sea level measurements at Anchorage, indicate as much as 0.55 m of land uplift in the decade following the 1964 Prince William Sound earthquake. There is some indica tion that the position of maximum uplift is migrating away from Anchorage toward the Aleutian trench. The uplift occurs in a region which subsided as much as 1.9 m during the earthquake. The uplift is decreasing exponentially since the time of the 1964 earthquake, and seems to represent postseismic deformation. The observations are most easily explained by creep along the down dip extension of the fault which ruptured in 1964.

Imperial Valley, California

A releveling survey of the Imperial Valley was cooperatively accomplished in the winter of 1977-78 by local and federal agencies. The purpose of the survey was to detect the trend of natural vertical motion prior to the utilization of geothermal resources in the Valley. The economically significant agricultural development within the Imperial Valley relies heavily on irrigation, and hence, it is directly affected by subsidence or tilting of the land. The continuation of the leveling program will measure the impact of geothermal development on the agricultural community. Existing data reveal that a maximum subsidence of 19 cm relative to Ocotillo occurred near the south end of the Salton Sea for the 1972- 77 time interval. A large area between the Salton Sea and El Centro has subsided more than 10 cm during the 5-year inter val .

Southern California

In early 1978, a massive 4,400 km releveling survey of the Palmdale region of Southern California was bequn. The objective of the project was to establish a time-homoaeneous reference network for

93

calculating future elevation changes, and also to calculate recent vertical movement in the region which spans the San Andreas and Garlock faults. The 3-month, $1.5 million, multiagency survey was coordi nated by the National Geodetic Survey, involved 18 leveling and 5 gravity teams from the National Geodetic Survey and the U.S. Geological Survey. In addition, 20 leveling teams were provided by Imperial, Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Ber- nardino, San Diego, and Ventura counties, Los Angeles City, the Los Angeles Water and Power Department, and the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California in this cooperative effort. A joint report by the U.S. Geological Survey and the National Geodetic Survey is in prepara tion .

Houston, Texas

Leveling surveys in approximately 5- year intervals are being used to monitor subsidence in the Houston, Texas area. The maximum subsidence for the last inter val, 1973-78, occurred approximately 25 km from the center of Houston and amounted to 43 cm. An area of approximately 2500 sq km has subsided more than 20 cm during this interval. In calculating the sub sidence, the known rate of subsidence at the Galveston tide gauge was used to ini tialize the new set of heights; in addi tion, various points well outside Houston were assumed to be stable during the period .

Horizontal Control Surveys

By Richard A. Snay NOAA, National Ocean Survey


The National Geodetic Survey has recently observed fault monitoring net works in the Shelter Cove area of northern California and on the Tejon Ranch in the foothills of California's Tehachapi Moun tains. The Shelter Cove network straddles part of the fault which ruptured during the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Analysis of the recent survey data, com bined with data from a 1930 network yields an estimate of N. 13.2° W. + 4.5° for the direction of maximum right-lateral shear strain through the area. The mean shear strain rate in this direction is 1.01 + 0.18 yrad/yr for the 1930-76 time interval.

The Tejon Ranch network spans two

branches of the Garlock fault where this fault intersects the California aqueduct. The network incorporates two interior net works which were established in 1964 and 1970, and have been repeatedly observed at one to three intervals. Network stations positioned on one side of the Garlock fault's southern branch have moved left- laterally relative to stations lying approximately 500 m away on the opposite side, according to the following rates:

Atmospheric Administration; however, were recorded on NOAA tide gauges.

none

Time Interval

1964-68 1968-72 1972-78

Rate (mm/yr)

1.7 + 0.5 1.7 + 0.6 0.2 + 0.3

The report for each survey is avail able from the National Geodetic Survey, National Ocean Survey, NOAA, Rockville, Maryland 20852.

Gravity Surveys

By William E. Strange National Ocean Survey


In conjunction with large scale relevelinq surveys in southern California, the National Geodetic Survey established a network of high-accuracy gravity stations for future monitoring. The network included 29 stations which were continu ously interconnected during the period of the survey using helicopter transporta tion. Measurements were made at 2180 benchmarks along the level lines using multiple gravimeters to interconnect to the helicopter stations. Information on this network is available from the National Geodetic Survey of the National Ocean Survey, Rockville, Maryland 20852.

TSUNAMIS

By Mark Spaeth National Oceanic and Atmospheric

AdministrationNational Weather Service

Silver Spring, Maryland 20910

During 1978, seven tsunamis were reported to the National Oceanic and

An earthquake on January 14 (mag. 6.6 MS) near the south coast of Honshu (34.8° N., 139.3° E.) caused a tsunami which was recorded at four nearby stations. Maximum amplitudes were 70 cm at Oshima and 25 cm at Mera.

On March 23, an earthquake (mag. 7.5 MS) in the Kuril Islands (44.9° N., 148.4° E.) generated a tsunami which reached max imum amplitudes of 28 cm at Chichijima and Hanasaki and 25 cm at Yuzhno Kurilsk.

A second earthquake (mag. 7.6 MS) in the same area on March 24 (44.2° N., 148.9° E.) also caused a minor tsunami with maximum wave heights of 42 cm at Hanasaki and 30 cm at Chichijima.

The June 12 earthquake (mag. 7.7 MS) near the east coast of Honshu also caused a minor tsunami which was recorded with the following representative maximum amplitudes; Hachinohe, 42 cm; Ayukawa, 34 cm; Onahama and Ofunato, 30 cm; and Kushiro, 25 cm.

The Mindanao earthquake (8.2° N., 122.4° E. , mag. 6.9 MS) of June 14 caused a slight tsunami which was recorded at Jolo with a maximum amplitude of 3 cm.

An earthquake (mag. 7.4 MS) on July 23 in the Taiwan region (22.3° N. , 121.5° E.) caused a tsunami which reached a max imum amplitude of 8 cm at Ishigaki Shima.

The final tsunami of the year on November 29 was generated by an earthquake (mag. 7.7 MS) near Oaxaca, Mexico, (16.0° N., 96.6° W.) and was recorded at Aca- jutla, El Salvador, with a maximum ampli tude of 29 cm.

PRINCIPAL EARTHQUAKES OF THE WORLD

Table 7 lists principal world earth quakes for 1978. The list has been included in this annual series since 1941. It includes earthquakes of magnitude 6.8 or greater; those of smaller magnitude that were locally destructive to life and property; and events of unusual interest.

Tab

le 7

.--P

rin

cipa

l ea

rth

quak

es o

f th

e w

orld

du

rin

g 19

78

Dat

e O

rigin

ti

me

Geo

gra

ph

ic

Dep

th

USG

S O

ther

(1978)

(UT

C)

Coord

inate

s (k

m)

Mag

nit

ude

Mag

nit

ude

hr

min

se

c L

at.

(°

) L

ong.

(°)

mb

MS

Reg

ion

Rem

arks

Jan

. 14

03

24

39.0

34

.81

N.

139.2

6

E.

14

6.2

6.6

Feb

. 9

21

35

12

.7

30.6

8

S.

177.3

6

E.

33

5.7

7.2

7.2MS(PAS)

7.7MS(BRK)

Feb. 15

03 17 37.3

39.69 N.

39.79 E.

33

4.8

4.5

Feb

. 22

06

07

37.0

14.2

5

N.

91.3

8

W.

100

5.7

Mar

. 7

02

48

47

.6

32.0

1

N.

137.6

1

E439

6.9

7.Omb(PAS)

6.9mb(BRK)

Mar. 11

19 20

49.1

38.10 N.

16.03 E.

33

5.6

5.0

Mar. 16

02 00 00.5

29.93 N.

66.30 E.

33

5.3

5.9

Mar. 19

01 39 14.0

17.03 N.

99.74 W.

36

5.8

6.4

6.6MS(PAS)

Mar. 23

00 31

02.1

44.21 N.

148.97 E

46

6.1

6

.8

6.5

MS

(PA

S)

6.6

MS

(BR

K)

Nea

r so

uth

coast

o

f H

on

shu

, Ja

pan

Ker

mad

ec

Isla

nds

Turk

ey

Guat

emal

a

So

uth

of

Ho

nsh

u,

Jap

an

So

uth

ern

It

aly

Pakis

tan

Guerr

ero

, M

ex ico

Kuri

l Is

lan

ds

Mar

. 23

03

15

2

0.3

4

4.9

3

N.

148.4

4

E.

33

6.4

7

.5

7.2M

S(P

AS

) K

uri

l Is

lan

ds

Mar

. 23

19

12

23.6

44.3

4

N.

149.7

4

E,

Mar

. 24

19

47

5

0.7

4

4.2

4

N.

148.8

6

E,

33

6.0

6

.8

6.6

MS

(PA

S)

6.4

MS

(BR

K)

33

6.5

7

.6

7.5

MS

(PA

S)

7.2

MS

(BR

K)

Ku

ril

Isla

nd

s

Ku

ril

Isla

nd

s

Tw

enty

-one

kil

led

, 11

9 in

jure

d,

and

4 people

re

port

ed

mis

sin

g.

Dam

age

at

Yok

oham

a an

d

on

O

shim

a.

Tsu

nam

i re

co

rded

.

Tw

enty

in

jure

d,

500

hom

es

dest

royed

in

the

Erz

incan

are

a,

and

25

hom

es

wer

e dam

aged

at

Pulu

mur.

Tw

o k

ille

d.

Dam

age

in

the

Coat

epeq

ue

and

Mir

ian

are

as.

Tw

o re

port

ed k

ille

d,

sev

era

l in

jure

d,

and

consi

dera

ble

dam

age

in

south

west

ern

It

aly

.

One

k

ille

d

and

co

nsi

dera

ble

dam

age

in

the

Nush

ki

are

a.

One

k

ille

d,

25

inju

red,

and

dam

age

in

Acap

ulc

o.

Felt

at

Kuri

lsk

and

on

Hokkai

do,

Japan.

Tsu

nam

i re

cord

ed.

Felt

at

Kuri

lsk

and

on

Ho

kk

aid

o

and

Ho

nsh

u,

Japan.

Tsu

nam

i re

cord

ed.

Mar

. 24

21

05

48.2

42.8

4

N.

78

.61

E

. 33

6.2

7

.1A

lma-

Ata

re

gio

n

Dam

age

in

nort

heaste

rn

Kir

giz

S

SR

, U

SSR

.

Ap

r.

15

23

33

47.2

3

8.3

9

N.

15.0

7

E.

14

5.5

5

.7S

icil

yF

ive kil

led

and

40

0 house

s dam

aged

.

Tab

le 1

. P

rin

cipal

eart

hqu

akes

of

the

wo

rld

du

rin

g 1

97

8 C

onti

nu

ed

Dat

e O

rigin

ti

me

Geo

gra

ph

ic

Dep

th

USG

S O

ther

(19

78

) (U

TC

) C

oord

inate

s (k

m)

Mag

nit

ude

Mag

nit

ud

eh

r m

in

sec

Lat.

(°

) L

ong.

(°)

mb

MS

Reg

ion

Rem

arks

May

26

23

58

2

2.0

24.2

7

N.

142.6

6

E,

June

12

08

14

26

.4

38.1

9

N.

142.0

3

E,

June

14

12

32

33

.9

8.2

5

N.

122.4

0

E,

33

5.8

6.8

6.

8MS

(PA

S)

6.5M

S(B

RK

)

44

6.8

7.7

7.

5MS

(PA

S)

7.2M

S(B

RK

)

24

6.1

6.9

6.

6MS

(PA

S)

6.7M

S(B

RK

)

June

17

15

11

33

.5

17.1

0

S.

172.2

6

W.

33

6.6

7.0

7.

2MS

(BR

K)

June 19

10 31 05.4

40.75 N.

23.22 E.

10

5.3

4.

«oJu

ne

20

20

03

21.0

40.7

4

N.

23.2

3

E,

o3

6.1

6.4

6.

5MS

(PA

S)

6.6M

S(B

RK

)

July

4

22

23

28.0

40.7

5

N.

23.0

6

E.

19

5.1

4.

July

23

14

42

3

6.9

2

2.2

8

N.

121.5

1

E,

July

29

14

37

32.7

1

4.8

4

N.

91.0

2

W,

Aug

. 3

18

11

17.1

2

6.5

1

S.

70.5

4

W,

Aug

. 23

00

38

3

2.2

1

0.2

0

N.

85.2

2

W,

17

6.5

7.4

6.9MS(PAS)

6.8MS(BRK)

10

4.9

4.5

58

6.3

7.0mb(PAS)

6.6mb(BRK)

56

5.7

7.0

6.6MS(PAS)

7.2MS(BRK)

Volcano Islands

reg ion

Near east coast

of Honshu,

Japan

Mindanao,

Philippine

Islands

Tonga

Isla

nd

regio

n

Greece

Greece

Greece

Taiwan region

Guatemala

Twenty-two killed, 42

1 injured, and

extensive damage in the Sendai area,

Felt strongly at Zamboanga.

One killed, 10 injured, and damage

in th

e Thessaloniki area.

Fifty killed, many injured and

considerable damage in th

e Thessaloniki area.

One killed, 16

injured, and minor

damage in the Thessaloniki area.

Felt strongly on Taiwan.

Tsunami

recorded.

Five killed, many injured, and

considerable damage and landslides

in the Putzun area.

Nea

r coast

of

Thir

teen

inju

red

an

d

majo

r dam

age

nort

hern

C

hil

e

in

the

Copia

po-T

alt

a

are

a.

Cost

a R

ica

Sep. 16

15 35

56.6

33.39 N.

57.43 E.

33

6.5

7.4

7.8MS(BRK)

Iran

Nov.

1 19

48

2

8.0

3

9.3

5

N.

72.6

2

E.

40

6.2

6

.8

6.8M

S(P

AS

) K

irgiz

SS

R

Minor damage at Santa Cruz.

Also

felt in

southern Nicaragua.

Estimated deaths of 15,000.

Extensive damage in Tabas and

surrounding areas.

Felt

in

th

e

Osh

-Andiz

han

are

a

and

at

Tash

ken

t.

Tab

le 7

.-P

rin

cipa

l ea

rth

quak

es o

f th

e w

orld

du

rin

g 79

/^-C

onti

nu

ed

Dat

e O

rigin

ti

me

Geo

gra

ph

ic

Dep

th

USG

S O

ther

(19

78

) (U

TC

) C

oord

inate

s (k

m)

Mag

nit

ud

e M

agn

itu

de

hr

min

se

c

Lat.

(°

) L

ong.

(°)

mb

MS

Reg

ion

Rem

ark

s

Nov

. 4

22

29

22.1

11.2

3

S.

162.1

8

E.

33

5.8

6.9

6.

8MS

(PA

S)

Solo

mon

Isla

nd

s F

elt

o

n

San

C

rist

ob

al

and

6.8M

S(B

RK

) G

uad

alc

anal.

Nov

. 5

22

02

07

.1

11.1

3

S.

162.1

4

E.

33

6.3

7.1

7.

4MS

(PA

S)

Solo

mon

Isla

nds

Felt

st

rongly

on

S

an

Cri

sto

bal

and

7.4M

S(B

RK

) at

Honia

ra,

Guadalc

anal.

Nov

. 29

14

52

4

7.6

16.0

1

N.

96.5

9

W.

18

6.4

7

.7

7.5M

S(P

AS

) O

axac

a,

Mex

ico

E

ight

kil

led,

man

y in

jure

d,

and

Dec.

6 14

02

01.0

4

4.5

9

N.

146.5

8

E.

91

6.7

7.9

MS

(BR

K)

7.5

mb

(PA

S)

Kuri

l 6.

9mb(

BR

K)

Dec

. 12

11

44

1

6.0

7.3

3

N.

123.4

9

E.

33

6.2

6

.9

6.8M

S(P

AS

) M

indan

ao,

7.4M

S(B

RK

) P

hil

ipp

ine

Isla

nd

s

Dec.

14

07

05

2

0.6

3

2.1

4

N.

49

.65

E

. 33

5

.7

6.2

Wes

tern

Ir

an

exte

nsi

ve

dam

age

in

the

Mex

ico

Cit

y

are

a.

One

kil

led,

sev

era

l in

jure

d,

and

dam

age

in

the

sta

te

of

Oax

aca.

Dam

age

in

the

south

ern

K

uri

l Is

lan

ds

and

on

Ho

kk

aid

o,

Japan.

Felt

o

n

Min

dan

ao,

Jolo

, N

eg

ros,

an

d

Pan

ay.

Seventy

-six

k

ille

d,

som

e in

jure

d,

and

consi

dera

ble

dam

age

in

the

are

a

of

Izeh

and

Masj

ed-e

-Sole

ym

an.

Dec

. 23

11

23

12.0

2

3.2

5

N.

122.0

8

E.

33

6.6

7

.0

6.7M

S(P

AS

) T

aiw

an

regio

n

Two

kil

led

and

thre

e

inju

red

at

6.8MS(BRK)

Pingtung ,

Taiwan.

Felt

at Hong

Kong an

d in the

Ryuku Islands.

Abbreviations used in

Other Magnitude column:

PAS California Institute of

Technology, Pasadena;

BRK University

of

California Berkeley.

Strong-Motion Seismograph Data

By Ronald L. Porcella Seismic Engineering Branch

U.S. Geological Survey Menlo Park, California 94025

INTRODUCTION

The first engineering seismology pro gram in the United States was administered by the Seismological Field Survey of the Coast and Geodetic Survey (C&GS). This program was begun in 1931 and effectively remained the responsibility of the Seismo logical Field Survey (SFS) for more than 40 years. During this period the SFS was shifted from one acronymic agency to another, including C&GS, ESSA, NOS, NOAA, ERL, ESL, and finally, in 1973, USGS; soon afterwards the SFS became the Seismic Engineering Branch of the USGS. In spite of these numerous high-level administra tive changes, the program has retained a distinct identity and its basic objectives and field-level operations have remained remarkably consonant throughout the years.

The current program of strong-motion instrumentation administered by the USGS is supported by the National Science Foun dation (Grant CA-114) in cooperation with both private industry and education insti tutions, as well as numerous Federal, State, and local agencies and organiza tions. The objectives of the program are to record strong ground motions and the response of representative types of engineered structures during potentially damaging earthquakes and to disseminate processed data and information about the records, sites, and structures to external users in earthquake engineering research and design practice and engineering seismology. The dissemination of this information and data is achieved in vari ous ways .

Preliminary earthquake reports and a summary of recent accelerograph records are presented on a regular basis in Seismic Engineering Program Reports 1 . These summaries include a brief descrip tion of the earthquake and strong-motion recording station, the results of routine seal ings of those records that contain peak accelerations greater than 0.05 cj,

and photographic reproductions of many of the more significant accelerograms. The program reports also contain abstracts of recent reports, notes on strong-motion information sources and the availability of digitized data, and other information pertinent to the USGS and other strong- motion programs.

Strong-Motion event and strong-motion data reports are periodically published as USGS Open-file Reports and include the results of digitization and routine anal yses of strong-motion accelerograms that contain peak accelerations greater than 0.10 g or are related to a specific event, particular strong-motion station, or geo graphic group of stations. The minimum acceleration level is based primarily on the current capability of the USGS to pro cess strong-motion records and may vary with both the degree of seismic activity and number of personnel available at any given time. Although maximum acceleration is not directly related to frequency con tent or duration of strong-motion, the peak acceleration can be readily obtained from an accelerogram and thus the value is commonly used as a general indicator of the potential significance of the record. Detailed information on the availability of digitized data from various sources is published regularly in Seismic Engineering Program Reports.

The Strong-Motion Accelerograph Station List is periodically published as a USGS Open-file Report and includes information on all of the accelerograph stations in the western hemisphere known to the USGS. Because of the ever-changing nature of this information, it is impossi ble to have a complete list of all of the stations in existence at any one time. Rather, the list is intended to provide that community of persons interested in strong-motion programs with a reasonably complete indication of the current status of the various strong-motion networks. Information presented in this list includes the station name and geographic coordinates, site characteristics, type and size of structure, location of instru ments, and the primary sources of data. The current list contains information on approximately 1200 stations located in 38

__ ____ states, Canada, the Caribbean, andthroughout Central and South America.

Copies of these reports are available A strong-motion information retrieval free on application to Rranch of Distribu- system (SMIRS) has been developed to pro- tion, U.S. Geological Survey, 1200 South vide up-to-date information about strong- Eads Street, Arlington, Va. 22202. motion records and the circumstances in

98

which they were recorded. The system is accessible through a data terminal (300 baud, half duplex). The system is opera tional, but the information within it is incomplete and needs to be verified. A user's manual is available (Converse, 1978). To retrieve information, dial (415) 329-8600 and place the telephone handset into the terminal. When the car rier light comes on press the "line-feed" key and wait for the computer to respond (two lines will be printed); type the fol lowing :

enter your name SMIRS

Type the "enter" and "SMIRS" exactly as shown above, but replace your name with your own name. The word "enter" is five lowercase characters followed by one space; your name is typed as one continu ous character string and followed by one space; and "SMIRS" is five uppercase char acters. Type the carriage-return key and then the line-feed key; then you will be given instructions.

ACCELEROGRAPH DATA

Table 8 is a summary of the 95 accelerograph records recovered, although not necessarily recorded, during 1978. This value can be compared to a yearly average of 188 records for the period 1972 to 1977 inclusive. This decrease in the reported number of accelerograms recovered in 1978 is largely due to State legisla tion that has given responsibility to the California Division of Mines and Geology's Office of Strong-Motion Studies (OSMS) for dissemination of that organization's strong-motion data; OSMS data are no longer routinely listed in Seismic Engineering Program Reports.

The earthquakes (table 8) are listed in chronological order and include date, time (UTC), general location, geographic coordinates, and magnitude. Information about the recording station consists of the name and location, owner, and geo graphic coordinates. Record data include S-wave minus trigger time and the orienta tion, maximum acceleration, and duration of strong-motion (greater than 0.10 cj) f° r each instrument component. Record data is included only when one or more components recorded at least 0.05 £ at ground sta tions or 0.10 cf at upper floors of buildings. The event information has been compiled principally from the Preliminary Determination of Epicenters, published by the Geological Survey.

The following paragraphs summarize the results of the most significant earth quakes from which strong-motion records were obtained in 1978.

URIAH, CALIFORNIA - MARCH 25

A magnitude 4.6 (ML) earthquake on

March 25, at 4:27 p.m. (local time) trig gered three accelerographs at Coyote Dam located 18 km from the epicenter (Por- cella, 1978a), a U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE) facility approximately 175 km northwest of San Francisco near the town of Ukiah. The earthquake occurred off the coast of northern California at a depth of about 5 km and was felt in the Ukiah area; no damage was reported. The instrumentation at Coyote Dam is owned by the COE and operated by the USGS as part of the cooperative National Strong-Motion Network supported by the National Science Foundat ion.

Coyote Dam is an earthfill embankment approximately 1070 m long and 50 m high; the axis is aligned in a nearly north- south direction. Accelerographs are located at the center crest, center toe, and south abutment, and are equipped with horizontal starters; thus, the relatively short trigger minus S-wave intervals (approximately 0.5 s) recorded at the crest, toe, and abutment stations (fig. 39) are the result of the accelerographs triggering on horizontal ground motion perhaps 2 or 3 sec after the first P-wave arrival. Maximum accelerations recorded at the crest, toe, and south abutment sta tions are 0.30 g, 0.34 g_, and 0.20 g, respectively (fig. 39 and table 8).

In addition to the magnitude 4.6 earthquake, three smaller aftershocks pro duced minor records at Coyote Dam (table 8). The maximum acceleration (0.11 cj) was recorded on the crest instrument. Addi tionally, the California Division of Mines and Geology recovered several strong- motion records from stations located in the Willits-Ukiah area (Toppozada, 1978).

SANTA BARBARA, CALIFORNIA - AUGUST 13

Eight accelerograms were recovered from strong-motion stations at Santa Bar bara, Goleta, Cachuma Dam, and the Univer sity of California, Santa Barbara campus (UCSB) in the days immediately following the August 13 earthquake (Porcella and others, 1978c). The main event occurred at 3:54 p.m. (local time) and was assigned magnitudes (ML) of 5.1 (California Insti tute of Technology), and 5.7 (University of California, Berkeley). The hypocenter was located offshore about 6 km south of Santa Barbara at a depth of 7 km (fig. 40) .

Strong-motion instruments that trig gered during the earthquake include triaxial accelerographs located at crest and toe sites at Cachuma Dam, a U.S. Bureau of Reclamation facility at an epicentral distance of 34 km. A maximum horizontal ground acceleration of 0.12 jg (fig. 41) was recorded at the crest in a southwest direction, transverse to the axis of the embankment. A triaxial accelerograph installed at the basement level of the

QQ

CREST

5 SECONDS270° ;

UP

180°

5 CENTIMETERS

TOE

270°

UP

5 SECONDS

180° _;

ABUTMENT

5 SECONDS270°

UP

180° =

Figure 39. Coyote Dam accelerograms from the Ukiah, California earthquake of 25 March 1978.

Santa Barbara Courthouse recorded a max imum horizontal ground acceleration of 0.21 q in the southwest direction (epicentral distance 6 km); the duration of strong-motion (greater than 0.1 cj) was approximately 1.3 sec. AdditionallyV this instrument recorded a small aftershock about 14 sec after triggering during the main shock (fig. 41).

The Southern California Edison (SCE) Company recovered a strong-motion record from an SCE power facility on Glen Annie Road in Goleta; the triaxial recording system (SMA-2) employs FM modulation on a four-track magnetic tape cassette. The analog readout indicates a peak horizontal ground acceleration of 0.28 cj (north direction). Epicentral distance is 19 km.

100

The California Division of Mines and Geology strong-motion program (CSMIP) includes four sites in the Santa Barbara area that produced records during the August 13 event (Porter, 1978). Three of these sites are buildings instrumented by CSMIP in accordance with recently developed building instrumentation cri teria. The record from a nine-channel system installed at the three-story North Hall building on the UCSB campus indicates peak horizontal accelerations of 0.44 g, 0.66 g, and 0.99 g for the ground, third floor, and roof levels, respectively. Durations of strong (horizontal) motion (greater than 0.1 g) range from 2 sec at the ground level to approximately 9 sec at the roof level. Epicentral distance is about 13 km.

121°W

35°N

120°W

SANTA BARBARAL

EPICENTER w ^^ Venture

SANTA BARBARA CHA NNEL

CHANNEL ISLANDS

0 10 20 MILES

Figure 40. Location map, Santa Barbara, California earthquake of 13 August 1978.

The four-story Freitas Building in downtown Santa Barbara (epicentral dis tance 6 km) is instrumented with a nine- channel remote-recording system; the strong-motion record from the August 13 event shows peak horizontal accelerations of approximately 0.22 g, 0.30 g, and 0.67 cj at the basement, second floor, and roof levels, respectively. Durations of strong-motion range from 0.5 sec at the second floor to 7 sec at the roof level.

The twelve-story Holiday Inn on Har bor Boulevard in Ventura is instrumented with a twelve-channel remote-record ing system; accelerometers are located at ground, fourth floor, eighth floor, and roof levels. Maximum recorded accelera tion is less than 0.05 g at an epicentral distance of 40 km.

A CSMIP triaxial accelerograph at the Physical Plant station on the UCSB campus recorded a peak horizontal ground acceleration of about 0.37 g in the south direction (epicentral distance 13 km). Duration of strong-motion was approxi

mately 1.5 sec. Additionally, this instrument recorded a small aftershock about 17 sec after triggering during the main event; maximum acceleration is less than 0.05 cj.

JENKINSVILLE, SOUTH CAROLINA - FEBRUARY to NOVEMBER

Twenty-one earthquakes were recorded between February and November 1978 at Mon- ticello Dam in north-central South Caro lina; the dam and reservoir are part of the Virgil C. Summer Nuclear Power Facil ity operated by the South Carolina Elec tric and Gas Company (SCEG) and are located approximately 4 km northwest of jenkinsville, S.C. The reservoir covers an area of about 2750 hectares and has an average depth of about 25 m. Filling of the reservoir began in late December 1977 and was accompanied by an abrupt increase in seismic activity (up to 100 events per day) recorded by a network of four seismo graphs operated by SCEG (Porcella, 1978b). Prior to filling of the reservoir, the USGS seismograph station at Jenkinsville had recorded one event about every six days. This increase in activity tapered off and then resumed abruptly in August 1978. Two strong-motion accelerographs were installed by the USGS in February 1978 as a result of the first increase in seismic activity. One accelerograph was placed in an office building a few hundred meters west of the power plant; the other instrument was installed on the south abutment of the largest of four embankment sections. Thirteen records with peak accelerations greater than 0.05 cj have been recovered from these two stations (table 8). The largest acceleration was recorded at the abutment site and suggests a 0.253 g_ peak horizontal ground accelera tion in~ the "south" direction (fig. 42); the duration of strong-motion (greater than 0.1 g) is about 0.06 sec at approximately 25 Hz. This record has been attributed to a magnitude 2.7 event (depth 1.5 km) on August 27, 1978 at 10:23:08 UTC and contains the largest known recorded acceleration from an earthquake in central or eastern North America. Epicentral dis tance is about 1 km. The absence of trigger minus S or S-P intervals on any of the 21 records indicates sources very near the recording stations.

mi

222° V-s-,-1

upCOURTHOUSE h AFTERSHOCK

132°

-5 cm-

340°

up

250°

12g

CACHUAAA DAAA CREST

-5 SECONDS-

CACHUAAA DAAA TOE

340°

up.07g

250°

Figure 41. Accelerograms from Santa Barbara Courthouse and Cachuma Dam, Santa Barbaraearthquake of 13 August 1978. Component direction refers to direction of case acceleration for upward trace deflection on accelerogram.

102

MONTICELLO DAM, ABUTMENT STATION

180°

27 August, 1023 UTC

0.25g

UP

090°

180°

UP

090°

27-31 August

5 SECONDS5CM

j___i___i___i

31 August - 6 November 31 August - 6 November

180°

0.22gUP

090°

180°

UP

090°

0.24g

Figure 42. Selection of Monticello Dam accelerograms from the Jenkinsville, South Carolina earthquakes of February to November 1978.

103

Table 8.--Summary of U.S. accelerograph records recovered during 1978

Event

7 June 1977-16 November 1977S. HawaiiEpicenters andmagnitudes unknown

9 June 1977-10 November 1977S. HawaiiEpicenters andmagnitudes unknown

13 October 1977-3 March 1978S. CaliforniaEpicenter andmagnitude unknown

3 October 1977-21 March 1978Imperial ValleyEpicenter andmagnitude unknown

4 November 1977-20 March 1978Imperial ValleyEpicenters andmagnitudes unknown

14 November 1977-20 March 1978Imperial ValleyEpicenters andmagnitudes unknown

15 November 19771913 UTCImperial' Valley32.83N., 115. 47W.Magnitude 3.4

15 November 19772200 UTCImperial ValleyEpicenter andmagnitude unknown

15 November 1977-23 March 1978

Station name Station S-t2 Direction3 Max accl4 Duration5 (owner)1 coord.(s) (g) (s)

Wahaula, Hawaii 19.33 N.Visitor Center 155.03 W.(USGS)

Note: Two additional records were obtainedmaximum acceleration less

Pahala, Hawaii 19.20 N.Kau Hospital 155.47 W.(USGS)

Note: One additional record wasmaximum acceleration less

Carbon Canyon Dam 33.91 N. 2Crest 117.84 W.(ACOE)

Niland, Calif. 33.24 N. 1Fire Station 115.51 W.(CDMG)

El Centre Array 2 32.92 N.Keystone Rd . 115.37 W.(USGS)

Note: One additional record wasacceleration less than 0.

El Centre Array 6 32.84 N. 2Huston Rd. 115.49 W.(CDMG)

2

2

2

El Centre Array 7 32.83 N. 1Imp. Valley College 115.50 W.(USGS)

El Centre Array 7 32.83 N. 1Imp. Valley College 115.50 W.(USGS)

El Centre Array 9 32.79 N.Commercial Ave. 115.55 W.

than 0.05 g

155Up065

obtained atthan 0.05 g

.9

.7 090Up360

-

obtained at05 g.

.2 230Up140

.1 230UP140

.1

.0 230Up140

.1

.6 230Up140

-

**

at Wahaula;

.05

.02

.03

Pahala;

**

.11 1-peak

.04

.04

**

Array 2; maximum

.14 1-peak-.21 0.3

.07-.17 1-peak

1C 1C

.04-.06

**

.05

.03

.06

**

Imperial Valley Epicenter and magnitude unknown

(USGS)

Table 8.--Summary of U.S. accelerograph records recovered during 1978 Continued

Event

11 December 19770557 UTCImperial Valley32.57N., 115. 32W.Magnitude 3.4

26 March 19780027 UTCN. California39.09N., 123. 34W.Magnitude 4.5

26 March 1978-27 March 1978N. CaliforniaEpicenters andmagnitudes unknown

Station name (owner) 1

Bonds Corner, Calif.Ground Level(USGS)

Ukiah, Calif.Coyote Dam, Crest(ACOE)+

Ukiah, Calif.Coyote Dam, Toe(ACOE)+

Ukiah, Calif.Coyote Dam, Abutment(ACOE)+

Ukiah, Calif.Coyote Dam, Crest( ACOE )

Station S-t coord . ( s)

32.693 N. -115.338 W.

39.20 N.123.18 W.

39.20 N.123.18 W.

39.19 N.123.18 W.

39.20 N.123.18 W.

Note: Two additional aftershocksand three aftershocks each

25 March 19771544 UTCImperial Valley32.97N., 115. SOW.Magnitude 3.4

21 October 19770612 UTCImperial Valley32.90N., 115. SOW.Magnitude 4.3

24 February 1978-16 March 1978Jenkinsville, S.C.Epicenters andmagnitudes unknown

toe stations

Brawley AirportGround Level(USGS)

Brawley AirportGround Level(USGS)

Jenkinsville, S.C.Monticello Dam(USGS)Abutment(Office)

Shared abutment(Center crest)

2 Direction3 Max accl4 <2>

270Up180

270Up180

270Up180

270Up180

recordedrecorded

Maximum acceleration

32.99 N. 1.8115.51 W.

32.99 N.115.51 W.

34.30 N.81.33 W.

-

_-

_

_

315UP225

090Up360

180Up090

180Up090

**

.25

.14

.30

.34

.09

.22

.20

.07

.11

.11

.04

.07

Duration5 (s)

1.00.31.3

1.1-1.2

0.8-1-peak

1-peak--

at crest stationat abutmentless than 0

.06

.02

.07

**

.05

.03

.03

* *X *

.15

.10

.07

.06

.06

.07

and.05 g.

_--

---

1-peak1-peak-

_--

* ** *

16 March 1978- 3 May 1978 Jenkinsville, S.C. Epicenters and magnitudes unknown

Jenkinsville, S.C.Monticello Dam(USGS)Shared abutment(Center crest)

34.30 N. 81.33 W.

180UP090

.06

.04

.09


Event Station name (owner)1

Station S-t2 Direction3 Max accl4 Duration5 coord.(s) (g) (s)

Note: One additional (questionable) event was recorded; maximum acceleration less than 0.05 g.

20 March 1978- 31 May 1978 Imperial Valley Epicenter and magnitude unknown

2 May 1978 0617 UTC (a) imperial Valley 32.85N., 115.42W. Magnitude 3.2

2 May 1978 0617 UTC (b) Imperial Valley Epicenter and magnitude unknown

5 May 1978 0533 UTC Central Alaska 63.14N., 150.85W. Magnitude 5.0

11 May 1978 1157 UTCSan Jose , Calif. 37.38N., 121.76W. Magnitude 3.8

El Centro Array 2 Keystone Rd (USGS)

El Centro Array 9 Commercial Ave (USGS)

El Centro Array 4 Anderson Rd (USGS)

El Centro Array 6 Huston Rd (CDMG)+

El Centro Array 4 Anderson Rd (USGS)

El Centro Array 6 Huston Rd (CDMG)+

Talkeetna, AlaskaFAA-VOR(USGS) +

Halls Valley Grant Ranch (CDMG)+

32.92 N. 115.37 W.

32.79 N. 115.55 W.

32.86 N. 115.43 W.

32.84 N. 115.49 W.

32.86 N. 115.43 W.

32.84 N. 115.49 W.

62.30 N. 150.10 W.

37.34 N. 121.71 W.

2.7

2.0*

2.8*

230Up140

230Up140

,050205

,03 ,07 ,05

1.1

11 May 1978 1218 UTCSan Jose, Calif. 37.37N., 121.77W, Magnitude 3.7

12 May 1978 1216 UTC Central Alaska 62.IN., 149.2W. Magnitude 5.0

4 June 1978 0357 UTC S. California 33.92N., 117.83W, Magnitude 3.6

Halls Valley 37.34 N. Grant Ranch 121.71 W. (CDMG) +

Talkeetna, Alaska 62.30 N. FAA-VOR 150.10 W. (USGS) +

Carbon Canyon Dam 33.91 N. (ACOE)+ 117.84 W.

CrestRight Abutment

Diemer Filter Plant 33.91 N. (MWD)+ 117.82 W.

1.8 1.8

**

**

Admin. Bldg. 1.8

Table 8. Summary of U.S. accelerograph records recovered during 7978 Continued

Event

13 August 1978 2254 UTC Santa Barbara, Calif 34.37N., 119. 72W.

Magnitude 5.5

Station name Station S-t2 Direction3 Max accl4 Duration5 (owner) 1 coord.(s) (g) (s)

Reservoir 1.8

Orange Co. Reservoir 33.94 N. 2.0 (MWD)+ 117.88 W.

Cachuma Dam 34.59 N. (USER) 119.98 W.

Crest 2.1 340 Up

250 .12

Toe 2.1 340 Up 250

Santa Barbara 34.424 N. 1.9 222 Courthouse Basement 119.712 W. Up (USGS) 132

U.C. Santa Barbara 34.422 N. 3.0 180 Physical Pfant 119.851 W. Up (CDMG) 090

U.C. Santa Barbara 34.416 N. 3.0 North Hall 119.846 W. (CDMG)

Ground Floor (center) channel (1)

Ground Floor (center) channel (2)

Ground floor (center) channel (3)

Ground floor (end) 360 channel (4)

Third floor (center) channel ( 5 )

Third floor (cente) 090 channel ( 6 )

Roof level (center) 180 channel (7)

Third floor (west end) channel ( 8 )

Third floor (east end)

* *

**

.08

.02 1-peak

.03

.02

.07

.21

.07

.10

.37

.14

.31

360

Up

090

.38

360

.56

.99

360

360

-

"

1.3

1-peak

1.5 1-peak 1.5

.442.0

.Ill-peak

.272.5

2.0

.645

6

9

.595

.665channel (9)

Santa Barbara 34.424 N. 0.9 Freitas Bldg. 119.698 W. (CDMG)

Roof level (center) 360 .30 5 channel (1)

Second floor (center) 090 .301 channel (2)


Event Station name Station (owner)1 coord.(s)

Basement (center) channel ( 3 )

Roo f 1 ev el ( cen te r ) channel (4)

Roof level (west end) channel ( 5 )

Second Floor (center) channel (6)

Second floor (west end) channel (7)

Basement (center) channel (8)

Basement (center)

S-t2 Direct ion3 Max accl4(g)

090

090 .67

360

360

360 .16

360 .13

Up .10

Duration5 (s)

.22.1

7

.215

.171

.5

1-peak

1-peak

27 August 1978 1023 UTCJenkinsville, S.C. 34.31N., 81.33 W. Magnitude 2.7

channel (9)

Note: Acceleration and duration»data for UCSB (Physical Plant and North Hall) and Goleta (Freitas Bldg.) are approxi mations .

Ventura, Calif. Holiday Inn (CDMG)

34.276 N. - 119.294 W.

Note: Building is 12 stories above ground level and is instru mented with a 12-channel CRA-1 remote recording system. Accelerometers are located at ground, 4th floor, 8th floor, and roof levels. A vertical starter is located at ground level; a horizontal starter is located at the roof level.

Goleta, Calif. Glen Annie Rd (SCE)

34.47 N. 119.89 W.

2.4 090Up360

.24

.08

.28

1.0

l.i

Note: A small aftershock was recorded at U.C. Santa Barbara Physical Plant and Santa Barbara Courthouse. Maximum acceleration less than 0.05 cj. Two seismoscope records were recovered at UCSB and Santa Barbara Courthouse; maximum relative displacements are 4.06 and 3.42 cm, respectively.

Jenkinsville, S.C. Monticello Dam (USGS)-f

Shared abutment (Center crest)

34.30 N. 81.33 W.

180Up090

.25

.08

.20

.06

.16

31 August 1978- 6 November 1978 Jenkinsville, S.C, Epicenters and

180Up090

Jenkinsville, S.C. 34.30 N. Monticello Dam 81.33 W, (USGS)

.08

.04

.06

Table 8. Summary of U.S. accelerograph records recovered during J978~Continued

Event

magnitudes unknown

11 November 1977-25 August 1978palm Springs, Calif.Epicenter andmagnitude unknown

28 March 1978-27 August 1978S. HawaiiEpicenters andmagnitudes unknown

23 June 19780404 UTCS. CaliforniaEpicenter andmagnitude unknown

15 August 1978-11 December 1978

Station name Station S-t2 Direction Max accl (owner)1 coord.(s) (g)

Shared abutment(Center crest)

_

_

-

_

_

_

_

Palm Springs North 33.92 N. 1.3Post Office 116.54 W.(USGS)

Pahala, Hawaii 19.20 N.Kau Hospital 155.47 W.(USGS)

Honokaa, Hawaii 20.081 N.Fire Station 155.465 W.(USGS)

Wahaula, Hawaii 19.33 N. 1.4Visitor Center 155.03 W.(USGS)

Note: Three additional records werecenter; maximum acceleration

Salton Sea 33.18 N. 0.9National Wildlife 115.62 W.Refuge(USGS)

Santa Barbara 34.434 N. 1.7Courthouse Basement 119.712 W.

180Up090

180Up090

180Up090

180Up090

180Up090

180Up090

180Up090

300Up210

obtainedless than

315Up225

.06

.03

.06

.07

.03

.10

.04

.03

.06

* *

.05

.05

.12

.08

.06

.09

.22

.11

.16

.13

.17

.24

.12

.03

.07

* *

* *

* *

Duration5 (s)

--

_-

1-peak

_-

_-

1-peak

_--

.11-peak0.1

0.30.20.3

1-peak--

at Visitor0.05 g.

.08

.03

.02

* *

_--

Santa Barbara, Calif.Epicenter and magnitude unknown

(USGS)


w« _~ ~ ._._~ ._ _._ _ v _ _ _______._ ___ _ w ._._.___ _ _ M __ w ______ _ M ____________._ M ____________ M ____________________________ M _________________,__________ M ,

Event Station name Station S-t2 Direction3 Max accl4 Duration5(owner)1 coord.(s) (g) (s)

__...._......_..........____..___________._______.._____________________.___________._ «««««««««« .,

4 October 1978 Pine Flat Dam 36.83 N. - **1642 UTC Piedra, Calif. 119.33 W.Bishop, Calif. (ACOE)+37.53N., 118.66W.Magnitude 5.7 Note: One event recorded at stations located at the toe,

downstream, and outlet tower levels 2 and 5;maximum acceleration less than 0.05 £.

Buchanan Dam 37.22 N. - ** (ACOE)+ 119.98 W.

Note: One event recorded at stations located at the crest, abutment, and outlet tower upper and lower levels; maximum acceleration less than 0.05 cj.

XACOE - U.S. Army Corps of Engineers CDMG - California Division of Mines and Geology MWD - Metropolitan Water District SCE - Southern California Edison USER - U.S. Bureau of Reclamation USGS - U.S. Geological Survey+ - WWVB time code is incomplete or nonexistent; correlation of accelerogram with

event is questionable.

2 S-wave minus trigger time.* Denotes S-P interval, that is, the earthquake occurred within the instrumental run-time of a previous event.

3Azimuthal direction of case acceleration for upward trace deflection on accelerogram(opposite direction to pendulum motion). Case acceleration for vertical componentindicated as up or down.

4Unless otherwise noted, maximum acceleration recorded at ground or .basement level.** Denotes maximum acceleration is less than 0.05 cj at ground stations or less than

0.10 cj at upper floors of buildings.

5Duration for which peaks of acceleration exceed 0.10 q.

References

Bath, Markus, 1966, Earthquake energy and magnitude, in Physics and Chemistry of the Earth~Volume 7: Oxford and New York, Pergamon Press, p. 115-165.

Bennett, J. H., Sherburne, R. W. , Cramer, C. H., Chesterman, C. W., and Chap man, R. H., 1979, Stephens Pass earthquakes: California Geology, v. 32, no. 2, p. 27-34.

Converse, A., 1978, Strong-motion informa tion retrieval system user's manual: U.S. Geological Survey Open-file Report 79-289, 51 p.

DuBois, S. M., and Wilson, F. W., 1978, List of earthquake intensities for Kansas, 1867-1977: Kansas Geological Survey, Environmental Geology Series 2, 56 p.

Gutenberg, B. and Richter, C. P., 1956, Magnitude and energy of earthquakes: Annali di Geofisca, v. 9, no. 1, p. 1-15.

Johnson, C. E., 1979, I. CEDAR - An approach to computer automation of short-period local seismic networks, Ph.D. Thesis, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology.

Lawson, J. E., Jr., 1978, A preliminary duration magnitude scale for local and regional earthquakes recorded at Oklahoma seismograph stations: Oklahoma Geophysical Observatory Open-file Report, 14 p.

Lee, W. H. K., Johnson, C. E., Heneyey, T. L., and Yerkes, R. C., 1978, A pre liminary study of the Santa Barbara, California earthquake of August 13, 1978 and its major aftershocks: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 797, 11 p.

Luza, K. V., 1978, Regional seismic and geologic evaluations of Nemaha Uplift: Oklahoma, Kansas, and Nebraska, Oklahoma Geology Notes, v. 38, p. 49-58.

McKenzie, M. R., Miller, R. D., and Uhr- hammer, R. A., 1978, Bulletin of the Seismographic Stations, v. 48, nos. 1 and 2, 83 p., January 1, 1978- December 31, 1978.

Merriam, D. F., 1956, History of earth quakes in Kansas: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 46, no. 2, p. 87-96.

Miller, R. K. and Felszeghy, S. F., 1978, Engineering features of the Santa Barbara earthquake of August 13, 1978: Earthquake Engineering Research Institute and University of California, Santa Barbara, UCSB-ME- 78-2, 140 p.

Nicholson, C. and Singh, S., 1978, A detailed microearthquake study of the New Madrid Fault Systems western Tennessee segment (abstract): Earth quake Notes, v. 49, p. 19.

Nuttli, 0. W. 1973, Seismic wave attenua tion and magnitude relations for eastern North America: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 78, no. 5, p. 876-885.

Porcella, R. L., 1978a, Recent strong- motion records, in Seismic Engineer ing Program Report, January - April 1978: Geological Survey Circular 785-A, p. 1-2.

Porcella, R. L., 1978b, Recent strong- motion records, in Seismic Engineer ing Program Report, May - August 1978: Geological Survey Circular 785-C, p. 1.

Porcella, R. L., 1978c, Recent strong- motion records, in Seismic Engineer ing Program Report, September December 1978: Geological Survey Circular 785-C, p. 1.

Porcella, R. L., Maley, R. P., and Acosta, A. V., 1978, Strong-motion results from the Santa Barbara, California earthquake of August 13, 1978, in Seismic Engineering Program Report, May - August 1978: Geological Survey Circular 7R5-B, p. 8-10.

Porter, L. D., 1978, Compilation of strong-motion records recovered from the Santa Barbara earthquake of 13 August 1978: California Division of Mines and Geology, Preliminary Report 22, 43 p.

Richter, C. F., 1958, Elementary Seismol ogy: San Francisco, Calif., W. H. Freeman and Co., Inc., 768 p.

Stanley, K. 0., and Wayne, W. J., 1972, Epeirogenic and climatic controls of early Pleistocene fluvial sediment dispersal in Nebraska: Bulletin of the Geological Society of America v. 83, p. 3675-3690.

Toppozada, T. R., 1978, Earthquakes in the Willits-Ukiah area: California Division of Mines and Geology, Cali fornia Geology, June 1978, p. 146- 147.

Whitcomb, J. H., Alien, C. R., Blanchard, A. C., Fisher, S. A., Fuis, G. S., Hutton, L. K. , Jenkins, D. J., John son, C. E., Reed, B. A., Richter K. J., 1978, Southern California Array for Research on Local Earthquakes and Teleseisms (SCARLET) Caltech - USGS Monthly Preliminary Epicenters for January 1977 to March 1978: Seismo- logical Laboratory, Division of Geo logical and Planetary Sciences, Cali fornia Institute of Technology.

Whitcomb, J. H., Alien, C. R., Blanchard, A. C., Fisher, S. A., Fuis, G. S., German, P. T., Hutton, L. K., John son, C. E., Lamanuzzi, V. D., Reed, B. A., Richter, K. J., 1979, Southern California Array for Research on

Local Earthquakes and Teleseisms (SCARLET) Caltech - USGS Monthly Epi centers from March 1978 to January 1979: Seismological Laboratory, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology.

Wood, H. O., and Neumann, F., 1931, Modi fied Mercalli Intensity Scale of 1931: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 21, no. 4, p. 277-283.

Woollard, G. P., 1958, Areas of tectonic activity as indicated by earthquake epicenters: American Geophysical Union. Trans., v. 39, p. 1135-1150.

Zollweg, James, 1974, A preliminary study of the seismicity of the central United States: St. Louis University unpublished undergraduate report, 15 P-

NGSDC PUBLICATIONS (SOLID EARTH)

The publications listed below are available from the National Geophysical and Solar-Terrestrial Data Center, NOAA/EDIS, (D61), 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303. Please allow 4 weeks for receipt of the reports. Minimum charge per order is $3.

SE-1 Catalog of Tsunamis in Alaska, March 1976.................................$1.00SE-2 Geodynamics International-9, June 1976. ................................... 1.00SE-3 Summary of earthquake Focal Mechanisms for the Western Pacific -

Indonesian Region 1929-1973, March 1977, NTIS......................... **SE-4 Catalog of Tsunamis in Hawaii, March 1977................................. 1.00SE-5 Geodynamics International-10, April 1977.................................. 1.00SE-6 Catalog of Seismograms and Strong-Motion Records, May 1977................ 2.00SE-7 Directory of Seismograph Stations, July 1977, NTIS No. PB 271684/AS....... **SE-8 Survey of Practice in Determining Magnitudes of Near Earthquakes, Part 2,

Europe, Asia, Africa, Australasia, the Pacific, August 1977, NTIS No.PB 271291/AS.......................................................... **

SE-9 Survey of Practice in Determining Magnitudes of Near Earthquakes, Part 1,North, Central, and South America, January 1978....................... 2.00

SE-10 Geodynamics International-11, January 1978................................ 2.00SE-11 The Information Explosion and Its Consequences for Data Acquisition

Documentation, and Processing, May 1978............................... 1.00SE-12 Geodynamics International-12, April 1978.................................. 2.00SE-13 Bibliography of Statistical Aspects of Seismicity, August 1978............ 2.00SE-14 Directory of U.S. Data Repositories Supporting the International

Geodynamics Project, August 1978...................................... 2.00SE-15 Geodynamics International-13, November 1978............................... 2.00SE-16 Geodynamics International-14, April 1979. ................................. 2.00SE-17 Annual Mean Values of Geomagnetic Components for Selected Observatories,

1940-73, June 1979.................................................... 2.00SE-18 Homogeneous Magnitude System of the Eurasion Continent: P Waves, August

1979. .......................................... . .~. .................. 2.00SE-19 Geodynamics International-15, August 1979................................. 2.00SE-20 Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice, September 1979, NTIS

No. PB 80107196. ...................................................... **SE-21 Geomagnetic Observatories 1978, November 1979............................. 3.00SE-22 Historical Seismogram Filming Project: F,irst Progress Report, November

1979, NTIS No. PB 80146095........../................................. **NGSDC-1 A Historical Summary of Earthquake Epicenters In and Near Alaska, April

1976. ................................................................. 2.00NGSDC-2 Final Report: An Analysis of Earthquake Intensities with Respect to

Attenuation, Magnitude and Distance, August 1976...................... 2.00NGSDC-3 An Analysis of Earthquake Intensities and Recurrence Rates In and Near

Alaska, October 1976.................................................. 2.00NGSDC-4 Reevaluation of Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale for Earthquakes Using

Distance as Determinant, January 1978................................. 4.00NGSDC Data Fact Sheet No. 1. Some Summary Geomagnetic Activity Data 1932-1976

(1977) ................................................................ 1.00Publication 40-1, Magnetism of the Earth.......................................... 3.00Magnetic Surveys - Serial 718, 1964............................................... 3.00Magnetic Poles and the Compass - Serial 726, 1962................................. 1.00KGRD 2 Bibliography and Index to Literature on Manganese Nodules (1874-1975),

September 1978, NTIS No. PB 257218.................................... **KGRD 5 Earthquake Data File Summary, May 1976.................................... 1.00KGRD 6 Catalog of Strong-Motion Seismograph Stations and Records, NTIS No.

COM-74-10714.......................................................... **KGRD 7 Catalog of Earthquake Photographs, December 1976.......................... 3.00KGRD 8 Catalog of Digital Bathymetric Data for the United States Coastal Regions. ** KGRD 9 Catalog of Seismogram Archives, May 1977.................................. 1.00KGRD 10 The Marine Geophysical Data Exchange Format - "MCD77," September 1977..... 1.00KGRD 11 Summary of Digital Marine Geophysical Data Holdings (Bathymetric,

Gravimetric, and Magnetic Data), September 1978....................... 1.00Proceedings of Marine Geology Data Management Workshop, May 22-24, 1978........... FreePrinciples Underlying the Interpretation of Seismograms, Special Publication

No. 254 (1966)........................................................ 4.00Publication 41-1, Earthquake History of the United States, Revised Edition through

1970 (1973)........................................................... 5.00Earthquake History of the United States (1971-76 Supplement) 1979................. 2.25Publication 41-2, Earthquake Investigation in the Western United States, 1931-1964

(1965)................................................................ 3.00United States Earthquakes (Annual report available from 1928 through 1976)........ **

United States Earthquakes, 1977 (Annual report available from 1928)............... ****Earthquake Data Services and Publications, October 1978........................... FreeGeomagnetism (Solid Earth) Data Services and Publications, October 1978. .......... FreeMarine Geology and Geophysics Data Services and Publications, October 1978........ FreeThe Puget Sound, Washington, Earthquake of April 29, 1966......................... 1.00The Parkfield, California, Earthquake of June 27, 1966............................ 1.00The Fairbanks, Alaska, Earthquake of June 21, 1967................................ 1.00Tetrahedron Globe, 1976 (Q) - Earthquake Epicenters of the World.................. ***Icosahedron Globe, 1977 (S) - Earthquake Epicenters of the World.................. ***Icosahedron Globe, 1978 (N-N) - International Geomagnetic Reference Field........ ***Icosahedron Globe, 1979 (S) - International Geomagnetic Reference Field.......... ***Volcanoes of the World map (L.D. Morris, T. Simkin, and H. Meyers) 1979........... 2.50##Terrestrial Heat Flow Data map, 1976.............................................. 2.50##Geothermal Energy in the Western United States map, 1979.......................... FreeGeothermal Energy in Alaska and Hawaii map, 1979.................................. FreeGeopressured-Geothermal Energy in Reservoir Fluids of the Northern Gulf of Mexico

Basin map, 1979. ...................................................... FreeGeothermal Energy Resources of the Western United States map, 1979................ FreeGeothermal Resources of Idaho map, 1980........................................... Free#

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