UNITED NATIONSUNITED NATIONS

Population UnitPopulation Unitwww.unece.org/pauwww.unece.org/pau

ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPEECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE

Demographic Trends and Mobility Demographic Trends and Mobility Challenges in the UNECE RegionChallenges in the UNECE Region

Andres VikatAndres Vikat

in collaboration within collaboration with

Kateřina JoklováKateřina Joklová

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Outline

• Ageing, projected trends and variation between sub-regions

• Changes in family structures and proximity of close relatives

• Transport and accessibility– in internationally agreed policy objectives related to

ageing– in country reports on ageing

• Development of rail systems and challenges of ageing societies

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Ageing

Population ageing is the result of the Population ageing is the result of the interplay of longer lives and fertility decline. interplay of longer lives and fertility decline. It is part of demographic transition from a It is part of demographic transition from a regime of high mortality and high fertility regime of high mortality and high fertility to one with low mortality and low fertilityto one with low mortality and low fertility..

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Example of a population “pyramid”:Germany 2008 and 2060

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30.0

35.0

40.0

45.0

50.0

55.0

2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

Year

s

ArmeniaRussian FederationUkraineBelarusBulgariaCroatiaRomaniaSerbiaCzech RepublicPolandGermanyItalyCanadaUnited States of AmericaTurkeyUzbekistanKazakhstan

Source for calculation: UN, World Population Prospects 2008

Median Age

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0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

CaucasusRussian Federation

Southeastern EuropeEU-12EU-15North America, Israel, EFTA

Central AsiaEastern Europe

Source for calculation: UN, World Population Prospects 2008,

Old-Age Dependency Ratio by Region

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Older People Living with their Children

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Changes in Family Structures and Proximity of Close Relatives

Generations and Gender Programme Generations and Gender Programme

Designed to improve understanding of Designed to improve understanding of demographic and social development demographic and social development in the UNECE region and of the factors in the UNECE region and of the factors that influence such developmentsthat influence such developmentshttp://ggp.unece.org

Generations and Gender Surveys Generations and Gender Surveys carried out in 16 countries. Analysis on carried out in 16 countries. Analysis on proximity based on data from five: proximity based on data from five: BGR, DEU, FRA, GEO, RUSBGR, DEU, FRA, GEO, RUS

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GGS Data: Travel Distance to Parents

• 1-hour travel distance 1-hour travel distance benchmarkbenchmark

• Data for distance to Data for distance to mother and father mother and father separatelyseparately

Source: GGS data, 2008Source: GGS data, 2008

Distance to mother: Age group 30-39

46

44

52

24

40

19

25

34

24

25

35

31

14

52

35

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

BGR

DEU

FRA

GEO

RUS

Cou

ntry

Percent

less than 1 hour

more than 1 hour

not relevant

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GGS DataTravel distance to parents longer than one hour, percent of respondentsTravel distance to parents longer than one hour, percent of respondents

To father To father

Age groupAge group BGRBGR DEUDEU FRAFRA GEOGEO RUSRUS

18-2918-29 1212 1818 3333 1212 2424

30-3930-39 1515 2121 3030 1919 1818

40-4940-49 1313 1717 2020 1616 1414

50-5950-59 66 66 1010 77 44

60-6960-69 11 11 22 11 11

To motherTo mother

18-2918-29 1212 1919 3333 1212 2424

30-3930-39 1919 2525 3434 2424 2525

40-4940-49 1919 2323 3030 2424 2525

50-5950-59 1313 1414 2121 1515 1616

60-6960-69 33 44 99 22 33Source: Generations and Gender SurveysSource: Generations and Gender Surveys

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Older persons andOlder persons and developmentdevelopment

Advancing health and well-beingAdvancing health and well-beinginto old ageinto old age

Ensuring enabling and supportiveEnsuring enabling and supportiveenvironmentsenvironments

Objective 3: Objective 3: Improved Improved availability of availability of accessible and accessible and affordable affordable transportation for transportation for older personsolder persons. .

Madrid International Plan of Action on Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing (MIPAA, 2002)Ageing (MIPAA, 2002)

Priority directions for policy action:Priority directions for policy action:

Implementation and follow-upImplementation and follow-up

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Regional Implementation Strategy (RIS)Regional Implementation Strategy (RIS)

10 Commitments10 Commitments1.1. MainstreamingMainstreaming2.2. ParticipationParticipation3.3. Economic GrowthEconomic Growth4.4. Social Protection SystemsSocial Protection Systems5.5. Labour MarketsLabour Markets6.6. Life-Long LearningLife-Long Learning7.7. Quality of Life, Health and Well-BeingQuality of Life, Health and Well-Being8.8. GenderGender9.9. Intergenerational SolidarityIntergenerational Solidarity10.10. Regional CooperationRegional Cooperation

UNECE Policy Brief on Ageing No. 4: UNECE Policy Brief on Ageing No. 4: Integration and Participation of Integration and Participation of Older Persons in SocietyOlder Persons in Society

www.unece.org/pau/age/Policy_briefs

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CommitmentCommitment IIII:IntegrationIntegration && ParticipationParticipation

Functional Functional integrationintegration InfrastructureInfrastructure

IntergenerationalIntergenerational relationshipsrelationships

Accessibility and affordability of:

Housing

Transport

Culture

Social ParticipationSocial Participation

Political ParticipationPolitical Participation

Economic Economic participationparticipation

Media coverage, campaigns

Volunteering

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Country Reports on Implementation of the RIS

Affordability• Free or discounted fares (at least 14 members: AZE, BGR, CZE, CYP, DNK, ESP,

FRA, GBR, ISR, ITA, NLD, ROM, RUS, UZB)Accessibility • Improvement of physical accessibility of vehicles: at least 5 countries

launched plans including better accessibility to improved-access trains (CZE, ESP, EST, NLD, SWE)

• The Netherlands: In 2030, 90% of passengers shall live within a 15-km radius of accessible station

Legislation on accessibility• Some member states tackle transportation and accessibility in their national

non-discrimination laws (ESP National Law for Equal Opportunities, Non-Discrimination and Universal Accessibility, ITA Law on the Accessibility of Buildings, Public Transport and Services)

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European Legal Framework

Actions of EU members are co-shaped by EC legislation:Actions of EU members are co-shaped by EC legislation:Regulation 1371/2007 on rail passengers’ rights and obligations (set of Regulation 1371/2007 on rail passengers’ rights and obligations (set of

basic rights as of 3 December 2009)basic rights as of 3 December 2009)• Non-discriminatory ticket sales Non-discriminatory ticket sales • Right to information about accessibility of rail services and access Right to information about accessibility of rail services and access

conditionsconditions• Free boarding/disembarking assistance Free boarding/disembarking assistance • Free assistance on boardFree assistance on board

Public procurement directives 2004/17/EC and 2004/18/ECPublic procurement directives 2004/17/EC and 2004/18/EC• Technical specifications should be defined so as to take into account Technical specifications should be defined so as to take into account

accessibility criteria for people with disabilitiesaccessibility criteria for people with disabilities

Commission’s decision 2008/164 concerning the technical specification Commission’s decision 2008/164 concerning the technical specification of interoperability relating to “persons with reduced mobility” in the of interoperability relating to “persons with reduced mobility” in the trans-European conventional and high-speed rail systemstrans-European conventional and high-speed rail systems

• Extended definition of “persons with reduced mobility” including older Extended definition of “persons with reduced mobility” including older personspersons

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Rail Systems and Ageing Societies

• Independent mobility of older persons is one of conditions of active ageing and participation of older persons in society

Advantages of rail transport• Improved-access trains provide for more comfort than buses or planes• Travelling on train is less stressful• Proximity of railway stations to city centresOlder persons face following problems:- Lack of information about stations and trains- Poor access at railway stations- Difficulties on boarding/disembarking- Lack of assistance on board- Lack of transport connections from the railway stations to their homes

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Challenges

• It is essential to accompany improvements in It is essential to accompany improvements in technical standards by better access to technical standards by better access to information and assistance to older people information and assistance to older people

confidence buildingconfidence building• This includes information and assistance This includes information and assistance

before and during the journeybefore and during the journey

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Thank you for your attention.Thank you for your attention.