unit2 the body
DESCRIPTION
The bodyTRANSCRIPT
The musculoskeletal system
skeleton Muscular system
Consists of
Both system work together to make the body move.
The skeleton consists of all the bones in the body.
The skeleton:
-It supports the body- It enables the movement-It protects delicate organs such as heart, lungs and brain.
The muscular system consists of al the muscles in the body.
The muscular system:
-Enables the body to move-Gives the body its shape-Protects the organs such as the liver
• Fixed joints, such us the skull.
• Movable joints, such us knee or elbow.
• Gliding joints, such us between vertebrae.
skull
elbow hip
vertebrae
Femur
Tibia
Cartilage
Femur
FibulaTibia
Ligament
The ends of the bones are covered with flexible tissue called cartilage.
The bones of a joint are connected by strong elastic tissues called ligaments.
Cartilage
Write the words of each sentence in the correct order to make sense:
1.body/ supports/ the/ the/ skeleton
2. meet/ places/ bones/ two/ joints/ where/ are/ the
3. ends/ the/ of/ cartilage/ covers/ bones/ the
4. flexible/ cartilage/ tissue/ is
5. elastic/ strong/ ligaments/ are/ tissue
Muscles can change in length:- When they contract, they become shorter and thicker.- When they relax, they return to their original length and thickness.
Muscle contraction
tendon tendon
Relaxed muscle
Contracted muscle
Tissues called tendons connect muscles to bones.
Body movement occurs at movable joints.Two muscles are used in each movement. These muscles are called antagonistic because the perform opposite actions. When one muscle contracts, the other relaxes.
Arms bend at the elbow with a flexing movement. They straighten with an extending movement.
Flexing movement Extending movement
The biceps contracts
The triceps relaxes
The arm bends
The biceps relaxes
The triceps contracts
The arm straightens
Decide if the following sentences are true or false. If they are false, correct them.
•When muscles contract, they become longer T / F
•When muscles relax, they return to their original length and thickness T / F
•Tendons connect the bones of a joint T / F
•Antagonistic muscles perform the same actions T / F
•Arms bend at the elbow with a flexing movement T / F
The nervous system sends and receives information. It coordinates the functions of internal organs. And it also coordinates systems like the digestive system.
The central nervous system consists of
Brain
Spinal cord
This system receives information, interprets it and decide on a response.
The peripherial nervous system consists on nerves. It transmits information from the sense organs to the central nervous system and from the central nervous system to other organs.
The brain has got three parts:The
cerebrum controls voluntary movements
The cerebellum coordinates movements and maintains balances.The brain stem
regulates internal organs.
The spinal cord controls reflex movements
The central nervous system These are involuntary movements in
response to external stimuli.
These are the result of decisions
Neurons are the principal cells of the nervous system. They receive and transmit information. They are grouped together to form nerves.
Read the following definitions and write the corresponding words:
1.This part of the brain controls voluntary movements.
2.This part of the brain coordinates movements and maintains the balance.
3.This part of the brain regulates internal organs.
4.These are the principal celss of the nervousn system.
5.These are involuntary movements in response to external stimuli.
CEREBELLUM REFLEX MOVEMENTS BRAIN STEM
NEURONS CEREBRUM
controls
Body´sInternal process
Involuntary muscles
To control and coornidate
Such us
Such us
Beating of the heart
Digestion of the food
Endocrine system
Involuntary muscles
They work automatically. We cannot control them with our decisions.
The body needs involuntary muscles in order to function correctly.
The endocrine system
Responsible forFunctions such as
GROWTH REPRODUCTION
Endoncrine Glands
Consists of
They secrete substances called hormones into the bloodstream
Thyroid gland
Enables the body to absorb
nutrients
Pancreas
Controls the amount of
sugar in the bloodstream
Ovaries and testes
Responsible for
reproduction
Pituitary glands
Coordinates endocrine glands
and also produces growth hormone.
Project: measuring your own temperature
Human body temperatures vary due to an individual´s metabolism, the time of the day and the part of the body where we measure. Normal body temperatures range betwee 36,6º and 37.3º
- When you have a very high temperature, what does it mean?
Data
Time 2011.10.24
8:00 36,2º
22:00 37º