Unit Two

Federal and State Agencies: Protecting Our Borders

Prof Ruth Ronan

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General Information Hello Class, I want to remind you that I

am here to assist you with any questions you have about the class. Feel free to contact me via email rronan@kaplan.edu, or via aim ronankaplan during office hours Tues 4:00 – 5:00 PM EST & Thurs 4:15 – 5:15PM or by using my virtual office.  If necessary, we can arrange for a phone conference. 

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Welcome Class will start shortly until then hold an

open discussion and get to know your classmates.

During the seminar if I do not answer your question please do not feel I am ignoring you or I do not like you. Sometimes the seminars move very fast and I did see the question.

I assure you I will always be available to answer your questions.

Any Questions before we begin?

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Federal Agencies Department of Homeland

Security (DHS) Activated in January 2003

Directorate for Preparedness Science and Technology

Directorate Management Directorate Office of Policy Directorate

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Homeland Security• Federal Emergency Management

Agency• Customs and Border Protection (CBP)• Immigration and Customs Enforcement

(ICE)• Office of Investigations• Office of Detention and RemovalOperations• Federal Protective Service• Office of Intelligence

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Customs & Border Security Have They Done

their job? Yes with the

manpower they have Have the Mexican

Police been effective?

Very little Tunnels are complex

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The Dangers Mexican Officers

live in constant fear

Have the Cartels been using ideas from other terrorist groups?

Can they be stopped?

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Immigration Is this out of control? How do you feel

about the Arizona Law?

Has the Federal Gov. done their job?

What is a solution? National Guard?

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Office of Detention The

Office of Detention and Removal Operations of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security Bureau of Immigration and Customs Enforcement to detain and deport all removable aliens and "suspected terrorists" currently living in the United States by 2012.

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Office of Detention Have They Done

their job? To the best of

their ability yes. We cannot deport

12,000,000 people

Gang Members must go & Felons

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Federal Protective Service The FPS mission is to render federal properties

safe and secure for federal employees, officials and visitors in a professional and cost effective manner by deploying a highly trained and multi-disciplined police force. As the federal agency charged with protecting and delivering integrated law enforcement and security services to facilities owned or leased by the General Services Administration (GSA), FPS employs 1,225 federal staff (including 900 law enforcement security officers, criminal investigators, police officers, and support personnel) and 15,000 contract guard staff to secure over 9,000 buildings and safeguard their occupants

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Homeland Security• Office of Intelligence and Analysis• Office of Operations Coordination• Domestic Nuclear Detection Office• Transportation Security

Administration (TSA)• Federal Law Enforcement Training

Center (FLETC)

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Domestic Nuclear Detection Office The Domestic Nuclear Detection

Office (DNDO) is a jointly staffed office established April 15, 2005 to improve the Nation’s capability to detect and report unauthorized attempts to import, possess, store, develop, or transport nuclear or radiological material for use against the Nation, and to further enhance this capability over time.

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Can We Prevent a Nuclear Attack Terrorists are likely to attack the

United States using nuclear or biological weapons before 2013.

"The United States should be less concerned that terrorists will become biologists and far more concerned that biologists will become terrorists," the report states.

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Biological Weapons Biological

weapons are more likely to be obtained and used before nuclear or radioactive weapons because nuclear facilities are more carefully guarded.

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TSA TSA) protects the

nation's transportation systems to ensure freedom of movement for people and commerce.

Good or Poor Performance?

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Homeland Security• Citizenship and Immigration

Services• The Coast Guard• The Secret Service

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FBI Recently, the FBI was given new

powers to aid its reform efforts to battle terrorism

Continues to investigate bank robberies, white-collar crimes, and organized crime and drug syndicates

12,200 agents

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Department of Justice Headed by the attorney general Official legal arm of the government Serve as this nation’s contact with the

International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol)

Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) 56 field offices, approximately 400 resident

agencies, more than 50 foreign liaison posts

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FBI

Top three priority areas1. To protect the United States from

terrorist attack2. To protect the United States against

foreign intelligence operations and espionage

3. To protect the United States against cyber-based attacks and high-technology crimes

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FBI National Academy

Local police managers from across the country

Ten Most Wanted Fugitives National Crime Information Center

(NCIC) Stolen property, missing and wanted

persons Uniform Crime Report (UCR)

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Uniform Crime Report Crime data from more than 15,000

state and local police agencies Eight Part I or Index crimes

Criminal homicide, forcible rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny-theft, motor vehicle theft, arson

Twenty-one Part II crimes Crime Clock

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Uniform Crime Report Shortcomings of UCR

Does not include crimes not reported to the police

The entire system is voluntary The reporting system is not uniform

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Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives

(ATF) Part of the Justice Department Administers the U. S. Criminal Code

provisions concerning alcohol and tobacco smuggling and diversion

Enforces all federal laws relating to firearms, explosives, and arson

Maintains a Bomb and Arson Tracking System

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Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)

Began with the passage of the Harrison Narcotics Act of 1914

In the 1920s, agents focused on organized gangs of Chinese immigrants suspected of importing opium

Major responsibilities include: Development of overall federal drug-

enforcement strategy

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Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)

Prosecution of suspects for violations of drug-trafficking laws

Full coordination and cooperation with state and local police officials on joint drug-enforcement efforts

Regulation of the legal manufacture of drugs and other controlled substances

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U. S. Marshals Service (USMS)

One of the oldest law enforcement agencies

Established under the Judiciary Act of 1789

About 2,650 officers Pursue and arrest DEA fugitives,

escaped federal prisoners, and provide secure environment for federal courts/judges

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U. S. Marshals Service (USMS)

Virtually every federal law enforcement initiative involves the USMS

Special Operations Group (SOG) Witness Protection Program

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Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)

Not a law enforcement agency Participates in undercover and

covert operations around the world Engages in research and

development and deploys high technology for intelligence purposes

Responsible to the president

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Police Role and Accountability

in China Household registration system and

extensive surveillance Keep close contact with

community residents Community policing works well Comprehensive management Chinese police have positive public

image

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Internal Revenue Service (IRS)

Main function is the monitoring and collection of federal income taxes

Criminal Investigation Division (CI) Investigates possible criminal

violations of income tax laws and recommends appropriate criminal prosecution whenever warranted

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Internal Revenue Service (IRS)

IRS agent are armed They can execute search warrants,

make arrests without warrants, and seize property related to violations of the tax laws

Bank Secrecy Act Enforces wagering tax laws and

investigations related to the pornography industry

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Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC)

Established in 1970 and is part of the Treasury Department

Offers law enforcement training for personnel from many federal agencies

Significant surge in hiring by federal agencies after September 11 attacks

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State Agencies State bureaus of investigation (SBI)

State’s equivalent to FBI Usually report to the state’s attorney

general Investigate both criminal and civil

cases involving the state and/or municipal jurisdictions

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State Agencies Provide technical support to local

agencies in the form of lab or record services and may assist in investigating more serious crimes

State police organizations 42.9% of states use the title State Police 42.9% of states use either State or

Highway Patrol

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State Police Organizations Hawaii has no state agency About 58,000 full-time sworn personnel

in 49 state law enforcement agencies Perform a variety of nontraffic

functions SWAT Search and Rescue Drug units

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State Police Organizations 28.9% deploy bicycle patrols 18.4% maintain foot patrols 18.4% have marine patrols 51.0% use motorcycle patrols Data collection for the purpose of

identifying, reducing, and preventing any bias-based policing

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Organizational Communication Studies have shown that

communication is the primary problem in administration More than 50 percent of a manager’s

time is spent communicating Communication process

Encoding Experience into symbols

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Communication within Police Organization

Five types of downward communication1. Job instruction2. Job rationale3. Procedures and practice4. Feedback5. Indoctrination

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Communication within Police Organization

Obstacles to upward communication1. Physical distance2. Complexity of the organization

Horizontal communication Thrives when formal channels are not

open Usually informal

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Communication within Police Organization

Grapevine Fast Operates mostly at the workplace Supplements regular formal

communication Can be a tool for management

Written communication

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Police Agencies as Organizations Rules and

regulations Specific guidelines

with no room for discretion

Is this true? It is an un-written

rule.

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Local Agencies Police departments and sheriff’s

offices About 452,000 sworn full-time municipal

police officers About 11.3 percent are women 23.6 percent racial and ethnic minorities

About 174,000 sworn full-time deputies About 12.9 percent are women 18.8 percent racial and ethnic minorities

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Local Agencies About three-fourths of all sheriff’s

offices operate a jail More police agencies utilize

physical agility tests, psychological evaluations, and provide educational incentive pay

Municipal officers receive about 55 additional hours of initial training

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Chiefs of Police Qualifications, selection, and tenure

The size of the agency may dictate the required qualifications for the position of chief of police

It is cheaper to select from within the agency than to recruit an outsider

Significant difference is in educational attainment

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Sheriffs Usually an elected position with

terms Tend to be older Less likely to have been promoted

through the ranks of the agency Less likely to be college graduates

compared to police chiefs

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Middle Managers Captains and lieutenants

Inspecting assigned operations Reviewing and making

recommendations on reports Helping to develop plans Overseeing records and equipment Overseeing recovered property

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First-Line Supervisors Sergeant

Supervising subordinate officers Disseminating information to

subordinates Reviewing and approving various

departmental reports Answering backup calls

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Police and Politics Political exploitation

Historically, police have been political bodies

Partisan politics has often been the cause of police corruption

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Unit 3 Attend Seminar Review Key Terms Read Chapter 4 & 5 in Policing

America Respond to the discussion board,

submit by Jan 4 Complete and Submit Project 2, due

Jan 5 Take the Quiz

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General Information Hello Class, I want to remind you that I

am here to assist you with any questions you have about the class. Feel free to contact me via email rronan@kaplan.edu, or via aim ronankaplan during office hours Tues 4:00 – 5:00 PM EST & Thurs 4:15 – 5:15PM or by using my virtual office.  If necessary, we can arrange for a phone conference. 

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Any Questions I will see you for unit 3 seminar on

the 23rd of December