unit two · 2019. 9. 19. · look over the housing styles from the different centuries worksheet ....

1215 K Street, Ste. 1200 | Sacramento, CA 95814 916-340-3340 | mychf.org/bita

UNIT TWO: HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE & BUILDING CODES ________________________________

BUILDING INDUSTRY TECHNOLOGY ACADEMY: YEAR TWO CURRICULUM

© BITA: A program promoted by California Homebuilding Foundation

YEAR TWO UNIT TWO: HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE AND BUILDING CODES Table of Contents Lesson 1: Architecture Features Through the Ages (1-class period)

Lesson 2: Architectural Elements of Homes (1-class period)

Lesson 3: Housing Styles Through the Centuries (3-class periods)

Lesson 4: Building Codes Past to Present (3-class periods)

Unit Two: History of Architecture and

Building Codes


Lesson #1: Architecture Features Through the Ages

Objectives

Students will be able to…

Summarize the architecture features through Stone Ages to Neo-Classical Time.

Common Core Standards

LS 11-12.6 RSIT 11-12.2 RLST 11-12.2 Problem Solving/Critical Thinking 5.4 Health and Safety 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.12 Technical Knowledge and Skills 10.1, 10.2, 10.3 Residential and Commercial Construction Pathway D2.1, D2.8, D2.9, D3.1, D3.2, D3.3, D3.4, D3.7 Responsibility and Leadership 7.4, 9.3

Materials

Architecture Features Through the Ages Power Point https://documentcloud.adobe.com/link/track?uri=urn%3Aaaid%3Ascds%3AUS%3Ab4f485df-0d78-4fa9-9509-0b9ea3e1952c Architecture Features Through the Ages Worksheet

Lesson Sequence

Introduce to students that a specific architectural style is characterized by a collection of design details. These details include size and shape of windows, the size and placement of a porch, and the presence or absence of columns.

Review the Architecture Features Through the Ages PowerPoint with students.

Have students fill in the Architecture Features Through the Ages Worksheet while reviewing the power point. Discuss and answer any questions students may have along the way.

https://documentcloud.adobe.com/link/track?uri=urn%3Aaaid%3Ascds%3AUS%3Ab4f485df-0d78-4fa9-9509-0b9ea3e1952c

https://documentcloud.adobe.com/link/track?uri=urn%3Aaaid%3Ascds%3AUS%3Ab4f485df-0d78-4fa9-9509-0b9ea3e1952c



Assessment

Check for understanding while presenting PowerPoint. Grade student worksheets. Reteach and clarify any misunderstandings as needed.

Accommodations/Modifications Check for Understanding One on One Support Peer Support Extra Time If Needed



Architecture Features Through the Ages Worksheet

As you watch the PowerPoint on Architectural Features Through the Ages fill in summary with the correct answers.

Paleolithic and Neolithic Era

1. What were the name of the traveling people who had first taken interest in building self-supported structures instead of the easily used, if available, caves? ________________________________

2. What was the first most common substance used to build more permanent structure? _______________________

3. As humanity learned to farm as well as hunt, more permanent structures begin to appear. They homes were made from _________________________________________.

4. What is one famous Neolithic structure made from megaliths? _________________________________________

5. Door and window openings in supporting walls were created, without losing structural integrity by what two methods? _______________________________________________________________________

Egyptian Architecture

6. Most of Egypt’s ancient towns have been lost because they built _____________________

7. What construction method was used most often in early Egyptian structures? _____________________________

8. Egyptians constructed with mudbrick as well, except the Egyptians added other components to their mudbrick, what was it? _______________________________________________________________________

9. These materials added tinsel strength. What is tinsel strength? ______________________

10. Egyptian people kept cool in hot weather by _____________________________________

11. Little attention was paid to buildings for everyday life. Egyptians paid more attention to building 3 other structures: _______________________________________________________________________

12. What were the Egyptians famous for constructing? ______________________________



13. Who lived in the pyramids? __________________________________________________

Greek Architecture

14. Ever since the Geometric Period (900-725 BCE), the main task of the Greek architect was:___________________________________________________________________

15. Early Greek architecture employed wood, not stone. Timber was used mainly for roofing and was a very scarce commodity which affected a building _______________________

16. Greek temples, like Egyptian temples, used basic post-and-beam construction (column and lintel). This is sometimes referred to as ___________________________________

17. Once Greek designers became familiar with the Egyptian architect, Imhotep, they began the replacement of wood structures with stone. This was called ____________________

18. The use of stone led to 3 architectural systems for building with their strict rules. Describe them below.

Architectural system Description

19. In their homes, the Greek people built what to act as a natural air-conditioner? ___________________________

20. Why were burglars termed “wall piercers”? _________________________________



21. The living arrangements in a Greek home were different than how we live. Explain the living arrangement for the Greeks.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Roman Architecture

22. Roman architects borrowed ideas from the _____________________ and improved them.

23. The Romans did not invent the arch. Arches have been used since prehistoric times. What ancient groups of people used them? _______________________________________________________________________

24. The Romans perfected the use of three architectural elements:

1. ____________________________________________________________

2. ____________________________________________________________

3. ____________________________________________________________

25. Draw the forces that are applied on each stone in an arch. Draw the forces that are applied in beam construction. Which construction allows for larger interior space in Roman buildings? ____________________________

26. What is a vault in Roman construction? _____________________________________ 27. With larger living spaces produced using arch construction, why were windows still

limited in buildings? _______________________________________________________________________

28. What are the ingredients in Roman concrete? _______________________________________________________________________

29. Explain hydraulic cement. _______________________________________________________________________



30. Most Romans lived in insulas. Describe come characteristics of a typical insula and the quality of the building.

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

31. If you were of a higher class you would live in a building called a domus. Compare and contrast an insula and a domus.

Insula Same Domus



Architecture Features Through the Ages Worksheet – Answer Key

1. Neolithic architects 2. Mudbrick 3. Timber, straw, mud 4. Kermario Dolmen at Carnac North-west France 5. Post and lintel (beam) 6. Near the Nile Valley and were flooded 7. Post and beam style 8. Binding material like rice husks or straw 9. Resistance to bending or twisting 10. Sleeping on their roofs to catch the breeze 11. Pyramids, tombs, and temples 12. pyramids 13. pharaohs 14. To design temples honoring one or more Greek deities 15. Length and limited its use 16. Trabeated 17. Petrification 18. Doric-Simplest, rather sturdy, with plain, round capitals (top) Ionic-slender, fluted

pillars, two opposed volutes (scrolls) on capitals. Corinthian-most ornate, slender fluted column, capital carved with two rows of leaves and four scrolls

19. Courtyards 20. They broke through the walls to enter homes 21. Men and women lived in different parts of the house-men’s rooms were known as the

adrom and women were gynaikonitis 22. Greeks 23. Ancient Egyptians, Babylonians, and Greeks 24. Arch, vault, concrete 25. Vault 26. Extended arches 27. Privacy 28. Mortar (cement), mixed water, lime, volcanic ash sand 29. Set and harden even under water-helped build sewers, baths, and harbors 30. Various answers

a. Built around a courtyard with building on 3 sides and a wall on the 4th b. 6-7 apartments



c. Accommodates around 40 people d. Each apartment has 1 room, sometime 2 e. Made of wood or mudbrick and sometimes collapsed or caught on fire f. No heating, running water or toilet

31.

Insula Same Domus

No heating Courtyard or atrium Backyard – peristyle Underfloor heating


Building Codes


Lesson #2: Architectural Elements of Homes

Objectives


Identify styles of windows, doors, and roofs.



Materials

History of Doors and Quick History of Window Glass Handout Main Idea and Support Details Worksheet

Lesson Sequence

Review the History of Doors and Quick History of Window Glass Handout (25 minutes).

Have students highlight important information and ask any questions as they have them.

Have students fill in the Main Idea and Support Details Worksheet (25 minutes)

Assessment

Informal observations through questioning during direct instruction Use students’ main idea and support details worksheet as formal assessment

BUILDING INDUSTRY TECHNOLOGY ACADEMY: YEAR ONE CURRICULUM


Accommodations/Modifications Check for Understanding One on One Support Peer Support Highlight Important Material Ahead of Time



History of Doors and Quick History of Window Glass Handout

A specific architectural style is characterized by a collection of design details. These details include size and shape of windows, the size and placement of a porch, and the presence or absence of columns.

Roof Styles

One of the design details that is usually considered a major characteristic of a housing style is the roof. The illustrations below show several distinct roof styles.

Flat - Flat roofs are horizontal, or very near it. They have very little slope when compared to roofs on a home or residential building. Mansard - a style of hip roof that has four sloping sides, each of which becomes steeper halfway down. Gable - This is also a simple roof and the one most commonly used. It has two slopes meeting at the center or ridge and forming a gable. Gambrel - This type of roof occurs when the rafters rise to meet a flat surface or "deck" instead of corning together at the ridge Salt Box - a long, pitched roof that slopes down to the back, creating a one story in the back and two stories in the front. Hip - This roof consists of four sides, all-sloping toward the center of the building. The corner rafters run up diagonally to meet the ridge.

A. Flat

E. Salt Box

D. Gambrel

C. Gabled

B. Mansard

F. Hip


Building Codes


Lesson #3: Housing Styles Through the Centuries (3 Days)

Objectives


Identify styles of homes.

Transform a current architectural style to another by changing key elements.



Materials

Housing Styles from The Different Centuries Worksheet

Lesson Sequence

Look over the Housing Styles from the different Centuries Worksheet. Discuss building materials and styles. (30 minutes)

Have students brainstorm reasons why housing styles have changed over time and why people do not all live in the same type of house. Support your opinion by using information from this unit. (20 minutes)

Choose three homes using the paper “housing styles through the centuries” and create a front elevation of three homes of your choice. (2 days)

Review rubric with students so they are aware with grading criteria.



Assessment

Use rubric to grade student’s front elevation of homes.

Accommodations/Modifications Check for Understanding One on One Support Extra Time If Needed



Housing Styles from the Different Centuries Worksheet

Why Do Housing Styles Change Over Time?

Either individually or with a partner, quickly brainstorm 2-3 reasons for why housing styles change over time, and why people do not all live in the same type of house. Support your opinion using information from this unit. Record your reasons below for each question. Be prepared to share your ideas with the class.

Why do housing styles change?

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

Why do people not live in the same type of house?

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________



Housing Styles Through the Centuries

Choose 3 homes, using the paper ‘Housing Styles Through the Centuries’. Using a piece of paper, pencil and ruler create a front elevation of the 3 houses of your choice. Then draw a door and 2 windows, using selections from the design elements fact sheet. After you have drawn them in with pencil, they may also be colored. When they are completed, you’ll need to write a description of the housing style, roof style,

window and door styles that were used. You will share your designs with the class in the form of a poster.

Extra credit can be earned by creating changes from the styles (basically creating your own style).

POSTER RUBRIC

Proficient Basic Below Basic

Overall neatness

and presentation

on the poster.

House is free of smudges and drawn neatly with pencil and

ruler.

Picture labeled accurately with architectural writing and

guidelines erased.

House has small smudges and drawn by hand with pencil.

Picture not labeled accurately with architectural writing and

guidelines not erased.

House has smudges.

It is drawn by hand.

Picture is not labeled accurately with architectural

writing.

No guidelines were used.

Roof style

1 roof style neatly drawn with pencil and ruler, and accurate

description of roof style.

1 roof style drawn without ruler. Description is not accurate for roof style.

No roof style or description of roof style used.

Window Styles

2 different window styles, drawn neatly with pencil and ruler. An accurate description

of window styles used.

1 window styles, drawn without ruler. An inaccurate description of window style

used.

1 different window style not drawn neatly. Description is

missing or inaccurate of window style used.

Door Styles

1 door style, drawn neatly with pencil and ruler. An

accurate description of door style used.

1 door style, drawn without ruler. An inaccurate description

of door style used.

No door style or description of door style used.

House Style

House style drawn neatly with pencil and ruler. An

accurate description of the house style used.

House style drawn without ruler. An inaccurate description

of the house style used.

House style not drawn accurately and description

incorrect or missing.



Housing Styles

Native American

17th Century

Indian Tepee Indian Pueblo

Indian Longhouse Eskimo Igloo

Half timbered with thatch roof Cape cod

Garrison Saltbox



Tile roof and stucco exterior

Stone exterior and partial roof between floors Dormers and flared roof

Log cabin

Steep roof, small windows, and heavy wooden shutters



18th Century

Side-gabled roof, cornice and central chimney

Distinguished by portico (porch) and columns Gabled roof, cornice and fan light

Central Section and wings on both sides



19th Century

Greek Revival – elaborate entry including porch with columns

Gothic Revival – gables decorated with Gingerbread trim

Victorian Period – Mansard Style

Victorian Period – fanciful with irregular roof line and wide porch

Italian Style – square shaped with long narrow windows



20th & 21st Century

Split-Level – levels separated by short flights of stairs Ranch - one-story

Contemporary -

Solar-

Geodesic dome

Earth sheltered



Prairie – Frank Lloyd Wright design with long low lines

Craftsman - Bungalow

International – functional with flat roof and little decoration


Building Codes


Lesson #4: Building Codes Past to Present (3 Days) Objectives


Trace the history of building codes.

Describe the ICC, IBC, IRC, and CBC.

Identify the three dominant model codes of the past century.



Materials

PowerPoint Introduction to Building Codes Past to Present https://documentcloud.adobe.com/link/track?uri=urn%3Aaaid%3Ascds%3AUS%3Ad6b906ac-9f45-43ae-9547-ac37035d7322 Mapping Main Ideas Worksheet Evolution of Building Codes Handout and Graphic Organizer Building Codes and Building History Test

Lesson Sequence

Review the PowerPoint Introduction to Building Codes Past to Present presentation with the class. Have students take notes on the Mapping Main Ideas Worksheet. Students should identify main ideas and then support main ideas with facts. (50 minutes)

https://documentcloud.adobe.com/link/track?uri=urn%3Aaaid%3Ascds%3AUS%3Ad6b906ac-9f45-43ae-9547-ac37035d7322

https://documentcloud.adobe.com/link/track?uri=urn%3Aaaid%3Ascds%3AUS%3Ad6b906ac-9f45-43ae-9547-ac37035d7322



Pass out the evolution of building codes handout and graphic organizer. Have students read the evolution of building codes hand out and fill in graphic organizer with a partner.

Review graphic organizer as class. (50 minutes)

Answer any questions about building codes and building history. Then pass out the Building Codes and Building History Test. (50 minutes)

Assessment

Informal assessment through questioning and checking for understanding Building codes and building history test

Accommodations/Modifications

Check for Understanding Highlighted Material Selective Partners One on One Support Extra Time If Needed

Unit Two: History of Architecture and Building Codes


Mapping Main Ideas Worksheet

While reviewing the PowerPoint “Introduction to building codes past to present” decide upon 6 main ideas (topic sentences) and 3 sentences that clarify the main idea you chose.

Topic- Ancient Building Codes

supporting examples

supporting examples

supporting examples Main Idea #1

Main Idea #3

Main Idea #2



Sum up what you read in 2 sentences; what are the most important points that were made about the evolution of Building Codes.

Conclusion

supporting examples

supporting examples

supporting examples Main Idea #4

Main Idea #6

Main Idea #5



Evolution of Building Codes Handout and Graphic Organizer

The underlying principle of any building code is to protect the health, safety, and general welfare of the public in the construction and use of buildings and other structures. To this end, building codes establish the minimum standards that structures, and the materials used to construct them must meet. ‘Minimum’ is the operative word when discussing code requirements. This is because minimums ensure that enough has been done to ensure that the bridge won’t collapse, or your electrical system won’t electrocute you, etc. This is important in the construction industry because you can exceed the minimum, (within reason) but you are never allowed to fall short of the minimum. What you build must “meet code,” i.e., meet the minimum requirements for safety.

In order to protect the safety and welfare of the general public, building codes address all facets of constructing a structure. From Framing to fire protection, concrete to roofing, plumbing, electrical, mechanical, etc., it is all addressed in the code.

It is also important to remember that while codes help reduce the hazards faced by those who will use a given structure, no building code is perfect, and therefore cannot completely eliminate all potential hazards. However, effective codes in combination with sound design, engineering, and construction methods can virtually eliminate all reasonable risks posed by any structure to those who use them.

Around 1905 one of the first real building codes would be developed (up to this point, the country ran on local [municipal] codes). It was developed/published by the Fire Underwriters Association (made up of insurance companies), the “National Building Code” as it was called, focused on protecting the building rather the people occupying the building! It wouldn’t be until the late 1920’s before building codes were developed that focused on the safety of a building’s occupants rather than the building itself.

In 1915, code officials from all over the country met to discuss the problems and concerns that they shared. Immediately following these meetings, the first of three-model code writing organizations was formed.

It was known as BOCA or Building Officials and Code Administrators International. (The BOCA National Building Code, or NBC) Created in 1915, BOCA represented code officials from the East and Mid-Western portions of the United States.

In 1922, the second organization was formed. It was known as the Pacific Coast Building Officials Conference. This group permanently changed their name to the International Conference of Building Officials, or ICBO, upon the publication of their first code in 1927. (became known as Uniform Building Code or UBC) This organization represented code officials from the western states. Among these states was California.



The Southern Building Code Congress International (SBCCI) was formed during 1940-41; this group first published its Southern Standard Building Code in 1946. In 1973 the name of the code was changed to the shorter Standard Building Code (SBC). The SBCCI represented code officials from the southern states.

In 1994, BOCA, ICBO, and SBCCI agreed to work together to form the International Code Congress (ICC).

The codes developed by the ICC are known as the International, or I-Codes. There are 14 different codes published by the ICC, covering all facets of building various structures. From framing to fire protection, houses to HVAC, bridges to balusters, and everything in between, it is all addressed in the I-Codes.

Who can submit new codes, or make changes/revisions to the code?

Anyone can submit a new code or addendum.

If you reason that there should be code to address some aspect of the construction process that currently is not included in the code, or there is a code already in place, but you don’t feel it goes far enough to properly ensure the public’s safety, you can submit to have that code added to, or changed.

If your concerns and/or data are considered valid, the new code will be added, or the existing code changed.

Since codes are published in three-year cycles, it will be three years from the latest published version of the code to which you are submitting for change before your addition or revision is added to the published code. In the meantime, your addition or revision will be issued as a “supplement” to the code. The process of adding to, and/or revising the code was highly evident in the aftermath of the1994 Northridge earthquake.

Engineers, architects, builders, etc. analyzed the bridges, freeways, homes, and other structures that were either damaged or destroyed by the quake. Their analyses and subsequent recommendations were submitted to the ICBO, with many becoming “supplements” to the 1994 Uniform Building Code. In 1997, these supplements became part of the published code with the last publication of the UBC. These codes can now be found throughout the current (2006) publication of the International Building Company.

Unit Two: History of Architecture and Building Codes


Evolution of Building Regulations

Refer to the reading handout and use the Word Bank to fill in the organizer below.

Word Bank

BOCA Building Officials and Code Administrators - East Coast and Midwest specific

ICBO International Conference of Building Officials - West Coast specific

SBCCI Southern Building Code Conference International - Southeast specific

NBC National Building Code

Local Building Codes

State Building Codes

County Building Codes

IBC International Building Code family

IFC International Fire Code

IRC International Residential Code

IECC International Energy Conservation Code

Other Codes: Plumbing, Electrical, Mechanical, Sewage disposal, Wild land-urban interface



Evolution of Building Regulations – Answer Key

Local Building Codes

State Building Codes County

Building Codes

IBC International Building Code

IFC International Fire Code

IRC International Residential Code

IECC International Energy Conservation Code

Other Codes: Plumbing, Electrical, Mechanical, Sewage disposal, Wild land-urban interface

ICC

International Code Council

BOCA

Building Officials and Code Administrators

ICBO

International Conference of Building Officials

SBCCI

Southern Building Code Conference International

NBC

National Building Code


Building Codes


Building Codes and Building History Test

Directions: Circle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Simply put, a building code is… a. Only available to those who pay. b. A series of numbers that represent verbal instructions. c. A set of rules that makes sure a structure is built correctly. d. An optional set of rules ensuring structural integrity.

2. What are the three building codes that we use in the United States?

a. Residential, Commercial, Industrial b. National, Model, Municipal c. Literal, Figurative, Probable d. Primitive, Modern, Futuristic

3. The purpose of any building code is a. For the insurance company so the basis of my claims can be approved b. Tell me how to build, so I know short cuts c. Peace, safety, and punishment d. Health, safety, and general welfare of the public

4. What were the first most commonly used structures? a. glass house b. concrete walls c. straw hut d. caves

5. Industrial grade construction was first introduced by the use of: a. mud brick b. electrical c. fire d. sunlight

6. Who lived in the pyramids?

a. Pharoah b. It was not for living, they were tombs. c. Servants d. The family of the Pharaoh



7. What is tensile strength? a. How easily it can wrap a Christmas tree. b. A structures temperature cap, c. A human’s ability to lift heavy weight d. An objects ability to resist pulling, bending, stretching or twisting forces.

8. The Romans invented a material that is indispensable to the construction process. What is it? a. Adobe b. Hydraulic concrete c. Cat 5 d. Gasoline

9. The Parthenon is made of post and lintel construction. What was the name of another structure that was made of post and lintel construction?

a. Pyramids b. Mud Brick huts c. Stonehenge d. The Titanic

10. Three modern United States structures that were influenced by Greek architecture are: a. The U.S. Mint in San Francisco, 2nd Bank of the U.S., U.S. Supreme Court b. Bank of England, British Museum, Paris Opera House c. The Leaning Tower of Pisa, Luxor Casing, Louvre Pyramid d. SIS Building, The Chet Holifield Federal Building in Laguna Niguel, MGM Grand Hotel

11. With our new technologies should building codes be proactive and change before a catastrophe hit? Answer on a separate sheet of paper. You must have at least 5 sentences: Main idea (thesis statement), 2 support details of your stand, and a concluding sentence. You will also be graded on Grammar and Mechanics- 16 total points.



Building Codes and Building History Test – Answer Key

Directions: Circle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Simply put, a building code is… a. Only available to those who pay. b. A series of numbers that represent verbal instructions. c. A set of rules that makes sure a structure is built correctly. d. An optional set of rules ensuring structural integrity.

2. What are the three building codes that we use in the United States?

a. Residential, Commercial, Industrial b. National, Model, Municipal c. Literal, Figurative, Probable d. Primitive, Modern, Futuristic

3. The purpose of any building code is a. For the insurance company so the basis of my claims can be approved b. Tell me how to build, so I know short cuts c. Peace, safety, and punishment d. Health, safety, and general welfare of the public

4. What were the first most commonly used structures? a. glass house b. concrete walls c. straw hut d. caves

5. Industrial grade construction was first introduced by the use of: a. mud brick b. electrical c. fire d. sunlight

6. Who lived in the pyramids?

a. Pharoah b. It was not for living, they were tombs. c. Servants d. The family of the Pharaoh

7. What is tensile strength?

a. How easily it can wrap a Christmas tree. b. A structures temperature cap, c. A human’s ability to lift heavy weight d. An objects ability to resist pulling, bending, stretching or twisting forces.



8. The Romans invented a material that is indispensable to the construction process. What is it? a. Adobe b. Hydraulic concrete c. Cat 5 d. Gasoline

9. The Parthenon is made of post and lintel construction. What was the name of another structure that was made of post and lintel construction?

a. Pyramids b. Mud Brick huts c. Stonehenge d. The Titanic

10. Three modern United States structures that were influenced by Greek architecture are: a. The U.S. Mint in San Francisco, 2nd Bank of the U.S., U.S. Supreme Court b. Bank of England, British Museum, Paris Opera House c. The Leaning Tower of Pisa, Luxor Casing, Louvre Pyramid d. SIS Building, The Chet Holifield Federal Building in Laguna Niguel, MGM Grand Hotel

11. With our new technologies should building codes be proactive and change before a catastrophe hit? Answer on a separate sheet of paper. You must have at least 5 sentences: Main idea (thesis statement), 2 support details of your stand, and a concluding sentence. You will also be graded on Grammar and Mechanics- 16 total points.



Grading Rubric

4 Points 3 Points 2 Points 1 Point

Thesis

(Main Idea)

Correctly identifies the main idea in a

clear and accurate manner.

Correctly identifies most of

main idea in a complete sentence.

Identifies an important idea

but not the main idea in a complete sentence.

Identifies a detail but not the main

idea.

Supporting

Details

Clearly states 2 or more

important details using own words or statements.

States at least 2 important details

with some paraphrasing of

information.

States at least 1 important detail. Demonstrates

little if any paraphrasing.

Includes unnecessary

details. Does not demonstrate any

paraphrasing.

Conclusion

Writes a clear and specific concluding statement.

Writes an adequate concluding statement.

Writes a weak concluding statement.

Does not include a concluding statement.

Mechanics and

Grammar

Contains few, if any spelling or grammatical

errors.

Contains several errors in

punctuation, spelling or

grammar that do not interfere with

meaning.

Contains many errors in

punctuation, spelling and/or

grammar that interfere with

meaning.

Contains many errors in

punctuation, spelling and/or

grammar that make the piece illegible.

unit two · 2019. 9. 19. · look over the housing styles from the different centuries worksheet ....

Documents