Unit 8:

World War IIPowerPoint #2

Daily Essential Questions:

How did the Allies win the war against the Axis Powers?

How did the war change America on the home front and affect different Americans?

How did the Holocaust develop and what were the results?

What were the effects of World War II?

Quick Facts

War Costs

The war cost $330 billion -- 10 times the cost of WWI & as much as all previous

federal spending since 1776.

Quick Facts

US Debt 1940: $9 billion

US Debt 1945: $98 billion

War Costs

The war cost $330 billion -- 10 times

the cost of WWI & as much as all

previous federal spending since

1776.

A German Soldier,

Eastern Front

EQ #1 How did the Allies win

the war against the Axis Powers?

The Allies agreed to a “Europe First” strategy to defeat Hitler.

Don’t Copy!

• Many Soviets would have

aided the Nazis b/c they

disliked Stalin, but the

Nazis were very cruel.

Raped and pillaged

civilians.

• Fortunately, the Soviets

were able to hold off until

the brutal Russian winter

set in. (advantage)

• The Soviets turned back

Hitler’s forces.

1. Stalingrad - the Soviets defeated the Germans at

Stalingrad in January 1943. This was the major turning

point for the Allies in the war.

What key events/battles in Europe led to the

defeat of Germany?

Red October: Battle of StalingradSoviet soldiers defending the Red October factory from a German assault during the Battle of Stalingrad (1942–43).

2. D-Day (Operation Overlord) - June 6, 1944 – Allies

invade Normandy, France. In August take back Paris

from the Germans.

Don’t Copy!

• The “Big Three” – Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin –met at the Tehran Conference and decided to launch an invasion in France to create a second front against Hitler.

• In June 1944, the Allies assembled 3 million troops to invade northern France led by Eisenhower.

• Despite heavy gunfire, the soldiers took the beaches of Normandy.

• In August, 1944, the Allies fought their way into Paris, liberating the city from four years of German occupation.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lCEFOx5Hc2Y SPR 3minhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AaS1Jq_DPzs SPR 2minhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lDZs442oqxA Dday 4min

3. Battle of the Bulge – Dec. 1944 – Germans lose to

United States on border of Germany.

Don’t Copy

▪ As US troops were ready to push into Germany in Dec. 1944, Germany began its last offensive.

▪ US troops were caught off guard and were pushed back (hence the “bulge”), but were able to recover and win.

▪ This was Germany’s last chance to turn the war around and they failed.

How did the Allies finally achieve victory in

Europe?

• February 1945, the Big Three (FDR, Churchill, Stalin) met to discuss military strategy and postwar policies at the Yalta Conference.

• March 1945 - Eisenhower’s (US) troops moved into Germany.

• The Soviets were pushing across Poland.

• Roosevelt died April 12, 1945.

• April 1945, Soviets overran Berlin, Hitler committed suicide and the Germans surrendered.

• May 8, 1945 - V-E day (Victory over Europe Day).

1. Japan attacked Philippines - Dec.8, 1941. US

soldiers were forced to march 60 miles to POW

camps. Very harsh. Known as the Bataan Death

March.

2. The Battle of Midway -June 1942 - Japanese

were caught off guard and the US won.

• This became the turning point of the war and

forced the Japanese to fight a defensive

strategy.

▪ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fPbAd1TUGJA Bataan Death March 3min

▪ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BfTYY_pac8o Midway movie trailer

What key events/battles in the Pacific led to the defeat of Japan?

Battle of

Midway

4. An intense bombing campaign leveled much

of Tokyo. Still, Japan refused to surrender.

3. Gen. Douglas MacArthur led the US forces in the

Pacific in a strategy called “Island Hopping” • Battles during the island-hopping campaign were

fierce, with high casualties on both sides.

• Kamikazes crashed into American ships. Japanese

troops fought to the death.

Flag Raising

on Iwo Jima,

Feb 23, 1945

(My grandfather

witnessed this moment!)

Beaches of Okinawa – “D-Day of the Pacific”

Early in the war,

Albert Einstein

convinced FDR

of the need to

develop an

atomic bomb.

The program

was code-

named the

Manhattan

Project. It was

led by J. Robert

Oppenheimer.

The bomb was

successfully

tested in July

1945.

Now it was up to Truman to decide if

and when to use it.

What was the Manhattan Project?

You are President Truman in Aug 1945. You are facing the most difficult

decision of your life. Scientist have told you 20,000 Japanese would die and

many homes and factories would be destroyed if you use the atomic bomb.

But the war is dragging on and you know the Japanese will fight to the last

man rather than surrender. Which option would you choose as President?

Option 1- Use bomb Option 2 – Don’t use

Pros It would probably end the war with

Japan and save the lives of

hundreds of thousands of

American soldiers. It would warn

Stalin not to cross the U.S.

Thousands of innocent

Japanese civilians

would not be killed

Cons It would mean the death of

thousands of innocent civilians. It

would do extensive damage to the

city of Hiroshima

American military would

have to invade Japan.

500,000 Americans soldiers

would probably die. Even

more Japanese soldiers would also die.

2. Three days later, they

dropped a second bomb

on Nagasaki.

3. On August 15, Emperor

Hirohito surrendered. US

celebrated V-J (Victory

over Japan) day.

1. An invasion of Japan could cost up to 1,000,000 American lives

so…

On August 6, 1945, U.S. pilots dropped an atomic bomb on

Hiroshima.

What did Truman do to end the war?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tzno-WHMOn05min review

• Aug 6, 1945 – Hiroshima

• No Reply

• Aug 9, 1945 – Nagasaki

• Aug 15, 1945 – Japan Surrendered on the USS MISSOURI

Paul Tibbets - Captain

Little Boy and Fat Man

EQ #2 How did the war affect American

minorities?

1. Women:

• Earned paychecks, gained work experience.

• Day-care options for children expanded.

• Rosie the Riveter became the symbol of those women who entered the workforce to fill the gap left vacant by men serving in war.

• WAC (Women’s Army Corps)- Women joined!

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bU2tt1h53jM 3min

2. African Americans -

• Leaders called for a “Double

V” campaign.

Victory against fascism abroad

Victory against discrimination at home

• Yet many jobs remained segregated.

• A. Phillip Randolph, AA Union leader threatened to march on

Washington.

• Under pressure, FDR issued Executive Order 8802 - Assured fair

hiring practices in government jobs – early Civil Rights

• Tuskegee Airmen – over 1500 missions never lost a bomber

• Bracero program - To alleviate the loss of

workersin rural areas, Mexican laborers were

brought in to work on American farms.

• Served in the military

• Zoot Suit Riots - a series of conflicts that occurred in June 1943 in Los

Angeles between U.S. servicemen and Mexican American youths.

Mexican American youths who wore these outfits were called zoot-

suiters.

http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1317905/Zoot-Suit-Riots

3. Mexican Americans -

4. Japanese- Americans

By executive order, more than

100,000 Japanese Americans were

sent to isolated internment camps.

In Korematsu v. United States (1944)

- The Supreme court held that the

military order for internment camps

was justified for security reasons.

Still, when the military ban was lifted in 1943, many joined the 442nd

Regimental Combat Team - Japanese American combat team

that became the most decorated military unit in American history.

http://www.newsweek.com/newsweek-archives-how-we-covered-internment-japanese-americans-during-wwii-230048

The Facts The Issue The Decision

• In 1942, FDR ordered that

select people could be

banned from war zones.

• The army relocated

Japanese Americans on the

West Coast to internment

camps.

• Fred Korematsu was arrested

for resisting the army’s orders.

Korematsu argued

that he was denied

equal protection

under the law

because he was a

Japanese American.

The court held

that the military

order was

justified for

security reasons.

What are the details of

Korematsu v. United States (1944)?

The Facts The Issue The Decision

• In 1942, FDR ordered that

select people could be

banned from war zones.

• The army relocated

Japanese Americans on the

West Coast to internment

camps.

• Fred Korematsu was arrested

for resisting the army’s orders.

Korematsu argued

that he was denied

equal protection

under the law

because he was a

Japanese American.

The court held

that the military

order was

justified for

security reasons.

What are the details of

Korematsu v. United States (1944)?

The Facts The Issue The Decision

• In 1942, FDR ordered that

select people could be

banned from war zones.

• The army relocated

Japanese Americans on the

West Coast to internment

camps.

• Fred Korematsu was arrested

for resisting the army’s orders.

Korematsu argued

that he was denied

equal protection

under the law

because he was a

Japanese American.

The court held

that the military

order was

justified for

security reasons.

What are the details of

Korematsu v. United States (1944)?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rRiHumq_wdI 8min

Roots of the Holocaust

• Racist belief that proclaimed

Aryans superior to others

• Desire to blame someone for

Germany’s problems following

World War I

Hitler found someone to blame: the Jews. The Nazi

movement trafficked in hatred and anti-Semitism.

EQ #3 How did the Holocaust develop and what

were the results?

4. Nuremberg Laws - passed in 1935

• Denied Jews German citizenship

• Banned marriage between Jews and non-Jews

• Segregated Jews at every level of society

How were Jews persecuted?

1. Businesses were boycotted.

2. Fired from jobs.

3. Barred from working in banking, law, and

medicine.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lRjeAzTHtCQ 3min on Lawshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DamUkVBqi3c 3min CSPAN on actual Documents

5. The hatred against Jews turned violent.

During the 1938 night

known as Kristallnacht,

hundreds of Jews were

killed and Jewish

businesses and

synagogues burned.

Hitler’s secret police

carried out vicious

attacks.

Hitler’s “final solution

to the Jewish

question” was

genocide—

extermination of all

Jews.

Beginning in the

1930s, Jews

were taken to

concentration

camps, some

were death

camps.

What was the “Final Solution?”

There, prisoners

were killed in gas

chambers or shot,

and their bodies

burned. Many

died of disease

and starvation

also.

Nazi persecution resulted in the deaths of 6

million Jews and 5 million others, such as

Romani (gypsies), disabled, Jehovah’s

witnesses, homosexuals, and prisoners of war.

How did the Allies respond to reports of Jews being killed in

Nazi camps?

1. American leaders focused on the war.

2. In 1944, Roosevelt created the War Refugee Board to

help Jews in Eastern Europe.

Sadly, too few were saved.

3. When Allied soldiers liberated the camps at war’s end, they were

stunned. Americans reacted with an outpouring of sympathy.

Many Jews came to live in the US.

What were the Nuremberg Trials?

1. A series of 13 trials carried out in Nuremberg,

Germany, between 1945 and 1949.

2. The defendants were Nazi Party officials and

high-ranking German military officers who

were indicted on charges such as crimes

against peace and crimes against

humanity.

• The state of Israel was founded in

1948.

• President Truman immediately

recognized the new nation, and

the United States became an ally.

Because of the Holocaust many

wanted an independent

Jewish state.

Why was Israel formed?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3gQawPAsZwI 6min Review of WWII and Holocaust from Holocaust Museum

• The national debt

skyrocketed. –

US Debt 1940 - $9

billion

US Debt 1945 - $98

billion

• Taxes increased.

• Wages and prices were

controlled.

• Consumer goods were

scarce during war.

1. The Economy

EQ #4. What were the effects of World War II?

• Shopped with

ration books

• Bought war bonds

• Planted victory

gardens

• Collected scrap metal

and other materials

• The Office of

War Information

worked with the

media to

encourage

support of the

war effort

Americans:

2. Sacrifices

• 50 million people died (compared to 15

million in WWI)

3. Other Major Effects of World War II –

• Europe and Japan lay in ruins.

• European imperialism comes to an end.

• The Soviet Union dominates Eastern Europe.

• Germany is divided into 4 Zones of Occupation between

Great Britain, France, US, and Soviet Union. Decided by the

Big 3 at the Potsdam Conference.

• Cold War between the Soviet Union and the US begins.

• The US becomes a world power.

• African Americans gain momentum for civil rights.

• United Nations created in 1945.

• Israel created in 1948.

• Ended the Great Depression.

• New Technology and Improved Standard of Living– nuclear weapons, microwaves, television, penicillin, vaccines, heart

surgery, pesticides, etc.

4. Decisions of the Big Three Meetings - 1945?

Location Participants Agreements

Yalta Roosevelt,

Churchill, Stalin

• Free elections for Poland,

Bulgaria, Romania

Potsdam Truman, Atlee,

Stalin

• Divide Germany into four zones of

occupation ***

• New borders and free elections

for Poland

• Allow Soviets to claim war

reparations

United

StatesSoviet

Union

Stalin did not keep promises. Most Eastern European countries occupied by Soviet troops at war’s end came under communist

control.

This pitted the United States against the Soviet Union – COLD WAR!.