unit 5: nationalism, sectionalism, and economic growth sol va. us. 6a-d
TRANSCRIPT
Unit 5: Nationalism, Unit 5: Nationalism, Sectionalism, and Economic Sectionalism, and Economic
GrowthGrowth
SOL VA. US. 6a-dSOL VA. US. 6a-d
Following the War of 1812, Americans had a sense of national pride
Era of Good Feelings
James Monroe: 5th President
Political & Economic Nationalism Develops
Marshall Court Decisions
McCulloch v. Maryland: Can States tax National Programs?
National Bank
1) States cannot tax the national government
Reinforced the doctrine of implied powers
2) National Bank was legal
National Government over State Governments
Gibbons v. Ogden
A: National government controls interstate commerce (trade)
Q: Who has the power to regulate navigation?
NY State gives steamboat ferry monopoly to Ogden
Political: Foreign Policy
Nationalist Goals:
Expand & secure borders
Establish presence in world affairs
Economic Nationalism:
Goal:To strengthen the American economy
How?
National Bank
Protective Tariffs
Improved Transportation
Henry Clay: “American System”
National Bank
Provide low interest loans to expand business & industry
Re-chartered in 1816: By Republicans
Improved Transportation:
Allows people and goods to move throughout the country faster
Internal Improvements Bill vetoed by James Madison & James Monroe
Canals Roads
Economic Nationalism leads to Economic Nationalism leads to Sectional SpecializationSectional Specialization
The United States was growing:
The Louisiana Purchase in 1803 doubled the size of the United States
Each section develops own unique economy
Industrialization Industrialization NortheastNortheast
Factory System expands:
Samuel Slater: “Father of the Factory System” Machine: “Spinning Jenny”
Factors that lead to industrialization:
Lowell SystemLowell System
“Factory Girls”
New England becomes the center of textile production
All in one production facility
Plantation Agriculture Plantation Agriculture SouthSouth
The Cotton GinThe Cotton Gin
IncreasedIncreased– ProductivityProductivity
– # of Plantations# of Plantations
– Cash-Crop Cash-Crop EconomyEconomy
– ““King Cotton”
Diversified Farming Diversified Farming WestWest
Fertile farmland in Ohio and Mississippi River Valleys
- Attracts people from the east and Europe
Small farms give way to specialized farms
Wheat:
- Northern Plains
Corn and Livestock:
-Ohio River Valley
Tobacco:
- Kentucky
Demands of the National Economy promotes the “Transportation Revolution”
Roads
Canals
TrainsSteamboats
Turnpikes (Toll Roads):
- Built by private companies from 1800 -1825
- Cumberland Road: Allowed wagon traffic from the seaboard to the Ohio River Valley
Trains:
Most important change of the Transportation Revolution
Fast, Reliable, and cheaper than canals
InventionsInventionsEli Whitney:
Cotton Gin: removed seeds from cotton fiber
Interchangeable Parts:
Provides the mills with large quantities of cotton to turn into cloth
Mass production of machine equipment
American Population Centers in 1860
American Population Centers in 1860
Transportation Revolution led to the spreading of American Population
Missouri Compromise Missouri Compromise (1820)(1820)
Missouri applies for statehood in 1819
Senate: 11 free states & 11 slave states
The CompromiseThe Compromise
Missouri enters Union Missouri enters Union as a slave stateas a slave stateMaine enters Union Maine enters Union as a free stateas a free stateA line is drawn at 36/30 Above it = FreeBelow it = SlaveCompromise Created by Henry Clay
Henry ClayHenry Clay[KY][KY]
John Quincy John Quincy AdamsAdams[MA][MA]
William H. William H. CrawfordCrawford
[GA][GA]
Andrew Jackson
[TN}
1824 Presidential Election
Results of the 1824 ElectionResults of the 1824 ElectionResults of the 1824 ElectionResults of the 1824 Election
A A “Corrupt “Corrupt Bargain?Bargain?
””
A A “Corrupt “Corrupt Bargain?Bargain?
””
Voting Requirements in the Voting Requirements in the Early 19cEarly 19c
Voting Requirements in the Voting Requirements in the Early 19cEarly 19c
Impact of decreasing property ownership requirements?
More “common people” can vote