unit 2: safety lesson 1: protecting yourself and others in...

IntroductIon to AutomotIve technology

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UNIT 2: safeTy

lessoN 1: ProTecTINg yoUrself aNd oThers IN The shoP

I. Responsibilityforsafety

A. Safetyintheautomotiveshopistheresponsibilityofeveryone.Safetymeansprotectingyourselfandothersfrominjuryatalltimes.Workingintheshoprequirestheuseofalargevarietyoftools,materials,andequipmentthatcaninjuretheworkerandothersintheshopifnotproperlyhandled.

B. Safetyintheshopincludestheitemslistedbelow.

1. Followingfederalguidelinesforsafepractices

2. Keepingtheshopfreeofhazards

3. Usingprotectiveclothingandequipment

4. Handlingandusingmaterialscontainingpotentiallyharmfulchemicalscorrectly

5. Usinghandtools,powertools,andequipmentcorrectly

6. FollowingweldingsafetyrulesII. Federalguidelinesforsafepractices

A. Twofederalagenciesissueguidelinesandoverseesafetyintheworkplace.

1. OSHA(OccupationalSafetyandHealthAdministration)issuesguidelinesconcerningsafetyfortheworker.

2. TheEPA(EnvironmentalProtectionAgency)issuesguidelinesconcerningsafetyfortheenvironment.

B. OSHAguidelinesandEPAguidelines

1. EachschoolwillhaveacopyofOSHAandEPAguidelinesthatmustbefollowed.DuetothechangingnatureofOSHAandEPAguidelines,theinstructorwillgoovercurrentguidelineswithstudents.AllstudentsarerequiredtofollowOSHAandEPAguidelines.

AutomotIve technology

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2. OSHAguidelinesconcernthecorrectlabelingofhazardouscomponentsofequipment,thecorrectstorageofequipmentandmaterials,theuseofprotectiveclothingandequipment,theplacementofwarningandsafetysigns,andgeneralsafetypractices.

3. EPAguidelinesconcernproperhandling,storage,anddisposalofhazardousmaterials.Theycoveranymaterialsthatmaybehazardousifreleasedintotheenvironment,includingtheenvironmentoftheshop.

4. SeeLesson4formoreinformationabouttheseagencies. III. Generalshopsafetyrules

A. Duringthecourseofworkingintheshop,anautomotivetechnicianmovesfromoneareaoftheshoptoanother,movingpartsandequipmentaroundtheshopandperformingvariedtasks.Itisimportant that the shop floor be free of hazards that could cause technicianstosliportrip.

B. Inawidevarietyofshoptasks,wastematerialsareproducedthatcancausedangeroussituationsunlessthewastematerialsaredisposedoforstoredproperly.

C. Alwaysbesurethatshopexitsarewell-markedwithan“EXIT”signandareclearofobstructions.

D. Forpersonalsafetyandtohelpkeeptheshopfreeofhazards,alwayscomplywiththefollowingsafetyrules.

1. Workquietlyandfocussolelyonthejobathand.

2. Do not leave creepers laying on the floor. Always stand them againstthewall,wheelsoutward,whennotinuse.

3. Donotindulgeinhorseplayintheshop.Immatureandimproperbehaviorintheshopcancauseseriousaccidents.

4. Beforeperformingatask,considertherelevantsafetyprecautionsrelatedtothetaskandformulateapreventionplanforeachhazard.

5. Alwayswearprotectiveclothingandequipmentinanysituationwhereitisnecessary.


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6. Wearprotectiveeyewearatalltimesintheshoparea.

NOTE:Thelawrequiresthatprotectiveeyewearbeavailableandwornincareerandtechnicaleducationcourseswherethereisareasonableprobabilityofinjury.

7. Donotwearrings,bracelets,watches,ornecklaceswhenworkingaroundmovingmachineryorelectricalequipment.

a. Jewelrycancatchinmovingmachinerywithseriousconsequences.

• Anecklacecanbecomeentangledinrunningmachinery,whichcouldpullthetechnicianintothemachineryandcausegreatbodilyharm.

• Ifaringorbraceletbecomesentangledorcaught,itcould result in a severed finger or serious injury to theheadorneck.

b. Ifaringorbraceletshouldaccidentallycreateashortcircuitofavehiclebattery,themetaloftheringorbraceletcouldbecomewhite-hotinaninstant,causingaseriousburn.

8. Donotputsharpobjectsintothepocketsofworkclothes.Theycouldcausepersonalinjuryordamagetoavehicle’sinterior.

9. Keephandsfreefromoilandgrease.

10. Wipe up grease and other spills from the shop floor immediately,oratleastputanoil-absorbingcompoundoverthem.

11. When cleaning up flammable liquids, always dispose of the rags in a metal container with a tight-fitting lid.


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12. Donotlookinthedirectionofanotherpersonwhoiswelding.

13. Donotrunavehicleengineinsideaclosedgarageunlessthevehicleexhaustishookeduptoexhaustventilationequipment.Adeadlyamountofcarbonmonoxide,whichispresentintheexhaust,cancollectinaveryshorttime.

14. Donotsmokeintheshop,exceptinanareadesignatedforsmoking.

15. When pumping a flammable liquid from a large container into a small one, be sure to first attach a ground wire between both containers.

16. Alwaysbealertforhazardoussituationsintheshop.Promptlycorrectthem,ifpossible,andinformtheinstructorofthesituation.

17. Ifroadtestingavehicle,alwaysuseseatbelts,evenifonlygoingashortdistance.

18. Disconnectthebatteryasappropriate.Thiseliminateshazardsfromshortsthatcouldoccurduringrepairprocedures.

CAUTION: The vehicle manufacturer’s recommendations must be followed for disconnecting batteries. Some onboard vehicle computer systems can be damaged if the battery is incorrectly disconnected.

19. Whenpartsareremovedfromavehicle,theyshouldbestoredawayfromtheworkarea(onabenchor,iflargeparts,againstawall).


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20. Asbestosparticlescancausecancer.Asbestosisfoundinbrakeshoesandclutches.Therefore,wearaparticlemaskwhendoinganycleaningworkonbrakeorclutchparts.Donotusecompressedairtocleanbrakeorclutchparts.

21. Donotlettheleadsontestingequipmentfallintothefanofavehiclewhiletheengineisrunning.Electricfanmotorscanturnonevenwiththeignitionoff.

22. Do not play with fire extinguishers. Use fire extinguishers only to extinguish fires.

23. Alwaysreadthelabelsonchemicalsandmaterialsandfollowtheinstructions.

IV. Generalsafetyrulesforhandlingtoolsandequipment

A. Donotoperateanypieceofequipmentunlesstrainedintheuseoftheequipment.

B. Evenifinstructedintheuseofapieceofequipment,donotuseitunless given specific permission by the instructor.

C. Selectthetoolorpieceofequipmentthatwillhandlethejobinthesafest and most efficient manner. Use tools or equipment only as recommendedbythemanufacturer.

D. Beforeusingatoolorpieceofequipment,inspectitfordefects,missingorimproperlyadjustedsafetyguards,andanyothermissingormalfunctioningparts.

E. Maintainandstoretoolsandequipmentproperly.Developaregularmaintenancescheduleforshopequipment.Discard,repair,orreplaceworntoolsbecauseworntoolscanbeasafetyhazardandadverselyaffectworkquality.

F. Donotusecompressedairtoblowdirtfromclothesanddonotpointacompressed-airhoseatanotherperson.

G. Whenusingcompressedairforcleaningobjectsintheshop,theairpressuremustnotbemorethan30poundspersquareinch(psi).

H. Keeptools,especiallytoolhandles,freefromoilandgrease.

I. Beforeusingatool,checkthehandletomakesureitissecure.Forexample,ahammerwithaloosehandleisunsafebecausetheheadmay fly off during use.


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J. Whenoperatingelectrictools,usetheproperprecautionstoavoidelectricshock.

K. Beforeinspectingormakingadjustmentstopneumaticorelectrictools,alwaysdisconnectthemfromtheairorpowersupply.

V. Electricweldingsafety

A. Protectionfromelectricshock

1. Makesurethewelderisinstalledandhookedupproperly.

2. Donotuseequipmentthatisdamagedordefective,suchasanelectrodeholderwithdamagedinsulation.

3. Donotputtheelectrodeholderinwatertocoolit.

4. Do not use water to extinguish an electrical fire or any fire near thewelder.

5. Keeptheworkarea,equipment,andclothingdrywhenusingelectricweldersbecauseevenaslightamountofmoisturecanconductenoughelectricitytocauseasevereshock.

B. Protection from burns and fire

1. Make sure the work area is as fire resistant as possible.

2. Donotdragweldingcablesorhosesthroughdirtoroil,anddonotpullonacabletoforceitoveranobstruction.

3. Takeprecautionswhenhandlinghotworkpieces.Usetongsorpliers,nothands,topickuphotmetal.

4. Radiationfromaweldingarcisstrongenoughtosunburnorsometimesblisterbareskiniftheexposureisintenseorforanextendedperiod,sothearms,legs,andtorsoshouldbecoveredwith durable, flame-resistant clothing.

5. Keeptheworkareacleanandfreeoftrash,grease,oil,andotherflammable materials.

6. Keep a fire extinguisher, first-aid kit, and safety equipment withineasyreach.

7. Donotdrapeanelectricweldingcableoveranytypeofgascylinder,anddonotstrikeanarconagascylinder.


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C. Protectionfromarcrays 1. Aweldingarcproducesultravioletandinfraredradiationthat

canseverelyburneyesthatareunprotectedwithapropershadeofprotectivelens.

NOTE: A welding hood or helmet protects the head from flying sparksandtheshadedlensprotectstheeyes.

2. Makesureallothersintheweldingareaarewearingeyeprotectionaswell.

3. Whenusingawelder,enclosetheweldingareatoprotectothersfromthedangersofarcrays.

D. Protectionfromtoxicfumesandvapors

1. Manyweldingactivitiesproducetoxicfumesandvaporsthatarehazardoustobreathe,andeveryworkstationshouldbeequippedwithaventilationorexhaustsystemcapableofsafelyremovingdangerousandirritatingsmokeandcontaminants.

CAUTION: Always position the head to the side of rising fumes.

2. In confined areas where the hazard of toxic fumes is increased, aweldershouldwearanair-suppliedrespiratororaself-contained breathing apparatus, not a filter-type mask that cannotcompensateforoxygendisplacement.

3. Cleanthemetalbeforewelding.Cleaningthemetalhelpsremoveanychemicalthatmightmixwiththefumesproducedbywelding.

VI. Oxyacetyleneweldingandcuttingsafety

A. Protection from burns (from heat or light rays), fire, and explosions

1. Donotallowoilorgreasetocomeincontactwithoxygenunderpressure.


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NOTE: Nolubricationoftheapparatusisnecessary.

2. Donotuseoxygenasasubstituteforcompressedair.

3. Beforestartingtoweldorcut,makecertainthereisnoflammable material nearby.

4. Alwayswearweldinggogglesandheavygloveswhenworkingwithalightedtorch.

5. Wearweldinggogglesandprotectiveclothingthatblocksharmful light from the acetylene flame.

6. Whenusingawelder,enclosetheweldingareatoprotectothersfrom the dangers of acetylene flames.

7. Donotusematchesforlightingacetylenetorches.Asparklighter,heldatanangle,shouldbeusedtolightatorch.

8. Do not relight oxyacetylene flames on a hot work section in a small confined space.

CAUTION: Acetylene gas gathers in one spot.

9. Donotuseacetyleneatapressureabove15psi.

CAUTION: Using acetylene at a pressure above 15 psi may result in hand burns.

10. Useparticularcautionwhenweldingorcuttingindustyordirtylocations.

CAUTION: Dust can explode.

B. Protectionfromtoxicfumesandvapors

1. Manyweldingorcuttingactivitiesproducetoxicfumesandvaporsthatarehazardoustobreathe,andeveryworkstationshouldbeequippedwithaventilationorexhaustsystemcapableofsafelyremovingdangerousandirritatingsmokeandcontaminants.

CAUTION: Always position the head to the side of rising fumes.


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2. In confined areas where the hazard of toxic fumes is increased, aweldershouldwearanair-suppliedrespiratororaself-contained breathing apparatus, not a filter-type mask that cannotcompensateforoxygendisplacement.

CAUTION: Argon is much heavier than air and quickly displaces oxygen, so be especially careful using the MIG process in a confined area, even though the area appears to have adequate ventilation.

3. Cleanthemetalbeforeweldingorcutting.Cleaningthemetal

helpsremoveanychemicalthatmightmixwiththefumesproducedbytheprocess.

4. Someofthematerialsthatgiveoffespeciallytoxicfumesarebrass,bronze,galvanizedmaterials,ironorsteelcoatedwithlead,orpaintcontaininglead.

C. Safehandlingofgascylinders

CAUTION: The acetylene and oxygen cylinders are highly pressurized and may explode if not handled properly.

1. Oxygenandacetylenecylindersmustbestoredinaventilatedareaandmustbekeptseparate.Allowatleast20ftbetweenoxygencylindersandacetylenecylinders.

2. Allgascylindersmustbesecuredinboththestorageareaand

onthewheeledcartwithasafetychainorapprovedlashing.

3. Theprotectivecapsmustbeinplaceanytimethecylindersarenotinuse.

4. Donotmovethecylinderswithoutprotectivecapsinplace.

5. Donotdroporknockcylindersaround.

6. Donottamperwithsafetydevicesormarkingsonacylinder.

7. Donotuseahammerorwrenchtoopenacylindervalve.

8. Do not move a cylinder unless confident in handling it.


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9. Alwaysmoveagascylinderbyusingahandtruckwithasafetychainorbytiltingitslightlyandrollingitonitsbottomedgewithonehandontheprotectivecap.

CAUTION: Do not tilt the cylinder too far over center; it may cause the cylinder to drop.

VII. Liftingsafety

A. Thetechnicianwillencountermanysituationsinwhichheavyobjectsmust be lifted from the floor. Back injuries are common if lifting is notdoneproperly.

B. Alternativestoliftingheavyobjects

1. Avoidlifting,ifpossible.

2. Moveheavyobjectsbypushing,pulling,rolling,orsliding.

3. Usehoists,jacks,carts,andwheeltruckswhenpossible.

C. Toavoidinjurywhenliftingaheavyobject,useamechanicaldeviceorgettheassistanceofanotherperson.


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D. Stepsofproceduretoliftanobject

CAUTION: Do not lift in an area where the floor is wet or greasy.

1. Spreadthefeetslightly,untilcomfortable,withonefootslightlyaheadoftheotherandalongsideoftheobject.

2. Bendtheknees,kneel,orsquat;donotbendtheback.

3. Useblockingunderobjectstogetahandhold.

4. Getagoodgripanduseglovesiftheobjecthassharporjaggedsurfaces.

5. Liftwiththeleg,arm,andshouldermuscles,straighteningthelegsandcomingtoastandingposition.

6. Shiftthefeettoturn;donottwist.

7. Lowertheloadbybendingtheknees,keepingthebackstraightand using leg and arm muscles, and keep fingers and toes clear ofobjects.

8. Use blocking to keep from pinching the fingers when setting the objectdown.

VIII.Personalprotectiveclothingandequipment

CAUTION: Personal protective clothing and equipment should not be considered the first line of defense against injury but rather as backup protection.


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A. Wearprotectiveeyewearatalltimesintheshoparea.

NOTE:Thelawrequiresthatprotectiveeyewearbeavailableandwornincareerandtechnicaleducationcourseswherethereisareasonableprobabilityofinjury.

1. Specialsplash-resistantgogglesarewornwhenthereisapotentialchemicalhazard.

2. Whenwelding,aweldinghoodorhelmetmustbeworntoprotect the head from flying sparks and protect the eyes from burns.

3. Tintedgogglesmayberequiredifweldingisbeingperformedclosetotheworkarea.Consulttheinstructorfortheappropriatetintedgogglesfortheweldingoperation.

4. Properglassesandwiremeshgogglesorplasticspectacleswithsideshieldsarerequiredinimpacthazardareas,suchasgrindingareas.

5. Everyperson,includingvisitors,mustwearindustrial-qualityprotectiveeyewearatalltimesintheshoparea.


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B. Wear a full face shield in situations where sharp flying objects could injuretheface.

C. Respiratoryprotectionissometimesnecessary.Respiratorydevicesconsistofameshthatcoversthenoseandmouth.Weararespiratorymaskwhendoingtasksthatcancreatedust.

D. Noiseintheshopcancausehearingdamage,dependingonthelevelandduration.Wearingearplugsandearmuffshelpsprotecttheearsfromnoisecreatedbyequipmentsuchaspneumatictools,grinders,andengines.

E. Adequatefootwearshouldbewornintheshoparea.Feetcaneasilybecrushed,cut,orpuncturedifnotproperlyprotected.

1. Footwearshouldhaveleatherorrubberoil-resistantsoles.

2. Footwearshouldprovideafullleatherorstrongfabriccoverfortheentirefootuptotheankles.

NOTE: Footwearwithsteel-reinforcedtoesprovidesevenmoreprotection.

3. High-topleatherbootsarerecommendedforweldingoperations.


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F. Protectiveclothingforthebodyandhandsreducesthehazardofinjuryandprotectsstreetclothing.

1. Glovesandhandleathersareimportantpiecesofprotectiveclothing.Differenttasksrequiredifferentmaterials(e.g.,rubberglovesarewornwhenhandlingcausticchemicalsandheavyleathergloveswithgauntletsarewornwhenwelding).

CAUTION: If operating machinery and wearing gloves, the gloves may become entangled in the moving parts.

2. Apronsareusedtoprotectfromsparks,hotmetalsplashes,andsplashingliquids.Thematerialshouldbesuitablefortheintendeduse.

CAUTION: Never wear loose aprons around revolving or reciprocating machinery.

3. Coverallsprotectthebody.Overalls,avariationofcoveralls,donothavesleeves.Fire-resistantcoverallsmadeofcottonorwoolarerecommendedforweldingoperations.

4. Shopcoatsprovideprotectionagainstdirtandgreasethatsoilstreetclothing.Thesealsooffersomeprotectionagainstchemicalsandhotsubstances.

IX. Theimportanceofpropergroomingandhygiene A. Longhaircanbecomecaughtinmovingmachinery,whichcanresult

inaportionofscalpbeinglostorpulledintothemachinery.Keeplonghairoutofmachinerybypinningituporwearingacap.

B. Jewelryshouldnotbewornintheshop.SeesectionIIIinthislessonfor the specific hazards related to jewelry.

C. Havinggreasyhandscancauseslippagewhenworkingwithhandtools.Greasealsosoilsinteriorsandpaint.

D. Havinggreaseonworkshoescanspreadgreaseacrosstheshopfloor, which increases the risk of slipping and falling. Dirty, greasy coveralls/overalls and shoes can ruin vehicle interiors.

E. Having brake fluid and other chemicals on the hands could allow accidentaltransfertopaintedsurfacesandcauseexpensiverepairs.


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F. Protective eyewear that is dirty and scratched is difficult to see through.Protectiveeyewearshouldbekeptclean.Donotplacethelenses down on the floor or table. The soft, plastic coating can easily bescratched.

X. Hazardousmaterialssafety

A. Fivegeneralsafetyrules

CAUTION: Consult the instructor before using an unfamiliar product.

1. Followthemanufacturer’srecommendations.Refertomaterialsafetydatasheets(MSDSs).SeeLesson4forinformationaboutMSDSs.

2. Carefullyreadtheproductlabelforcorrectusesandhazards.

3. Becarefultopreventspills,damagetothevehicle,orunsafesituations/conditions.

4. Properlystorechemicalsandusedrags. 5. Usechemicalsonlyfortheirintendedpurposes.

B. Hazardousmaterialsincludethefollowing:

NOTE: Thefollowinglistincludessomeofthemorecommonchemicalsfoundintheshopandisnotmeanttobeall-inclusive.SeeUnit3forthesafetyprecautionsandusesofthesechemicals.

1. Solventsandacids—Part-washingsolvents,chokeandcarburetorcleaner,brakecleaner,gasketremover,

digestive-typecarburetorcleaner,andvehiclebatteryacid

2. Lubricants—Rust-penetratingoil,siliconelubricant,liquidgraphite, motor oil, automatic transmission fluid, power steering fluid, gear lube, hydraulic fluids, various greases, and specialtyadditives(e.g.,oiltreatmentandgastreatment)

3. Gasesanddust—Gasesinengineexhaust,vaporsfromgasoline,refrigerantgas,andasbestosdustfrombrakeandclutchlinings


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C. Safety from skin damage and fire

1. Manychemicalsintheshopposeahazardtotheskinandeyes.Followthesafetyprecautionsontheproductlabel.

2. Keepelectricaldevices,sparks,andanyhotmaterialawayfromflammable chemicals.

D. Safetyfromtoxicfumes

CAUTION: Breathing toxic fumes can cause dizziness, nausea, headaches, unconsciousness, and can even lead to death.

1. Acommonsourceoftoxicfumesintheshopistheexhaustfromarunningengine.Eachtimeavehicle’sengineisrunintheshop,exhaustventilationequipmentshouldbeattachedtothevehicletoproperlyventthecarbonmonoxide,apoisonousgasemittedintheexhaust.

CAUTION: Be sure to use approved exhaust ventilation equipment when operating a vehicle in an enclosed area.

2. Wheneverfumesorvaporsarepresent,besuretoturnontheshop’sventilationsystemassoonaspossibletoremovethem.


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3. Usebreathingprotection,suchasarespirator,whenworkingwithanymaterialsorchemicalsthatcouldbehazardousifinhaled.

XI. Safetyprecautionsforsupplementalrestraintsystems(SRSs)and antilockbrakesystems(ABSs)

NOTE:Techniciansneedtobeawareofspecialsafetyconsiderationswhenworkingonoraroundthesesystems.

A. SRSorairbagsystem

1. Firstappearinginafew1985-modelvehicles,airbagsystemsarestandardequipmentonmostvehiclesontheroadtoday.Aruling by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration requiredallnewpassengercarstohavedualairbags(oneonthedriver’ssideandoneonthepassenger’sside)by1998andallnewlighttruckstohavedualairbagsby1999.

2. The SRS is designed to inflate when a vehicle collides head-onwithanobjectataspeedofmorethan14mph.Duringthecollision,thedriverandpassengerimpacttheairbagratherthanthesteeringcolumnordashboard.

3. Inadditiontodriver-sideandpassenger-sideairbags,somevehiclesmaybeequippedwithside-impact,window,andrear-seatairbags.

4. Airbagsarerelativelynewdevices.Newsafetyissuesregardingairbagsarecontinuallybeingrecognizedandstudied.

5. Airbagsmustbeusedwithseatbelts,shoulderharnesses,andtheproperheadreststoprovidemaximumprotection.


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NOTE:Itisimportantforeveryoneintheautomotiveindustry,includingautomotivetechnicians,toexplaintothepublicthattheSRSalonedoesnotprovidemaximumprotectioninacollision.

6. Beforeworkingnearavehicle’sairbags,besuretheyaredisabled.

CAUTION: The force of an air bag can break bones and cause other serious injuries.

7. Evenifanairbaghasbeendisabled,theairbagmaydeployifthediagnosticmodule’sreservepowerhasnotbeendepleted.

CAUTION: The diagnostic module keeps the air bag activated for some time after the negative battery cable has been disconnected. Wait until the diagnostic module’s reserve power has depleted before working on or around the SRS. The time can vary from a few seconds to over 30 minutes.

B. ABS

1. AnABShelpsthedrivermaintaincontrolofthevehiclewhenbraking.Ifthewheelslockduringbraking,thevehiclemayslideoutofcontrol.Theantilocksystempreventsthebrakesfrombeingappliedhardenoughtolockthewheels.

2. Evenwhentheantilocksystemclosesdown,normal power-assistedbrakingremains.Awarninglightlocatedinthe

instrumentpanelindicatesproblems.

3. ListedbelowaregeneralprecautionstoobservewhenservicingtheABS.

CAUTION: Failure to observe these precautions may result in personal injury and damage to the ABS.

a. Followtheserviceinformationcarefully.Usetheproperserviceinformationforthevehicle.Usingthewrongsequenceofservicesteps,skippingsteps,orusingthewronginformationleadstounnecessaryreplacementofparts.

b. Some brake parts contain asbestos fibers that can become airborneasdustduringbrakeservice.Followthelatestfederalprocedureswhenworkingwithasbestos.


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CAUTION: Asbestos is a cancer-causing substance. Do not breathe asbestos dust or allow it to escape into the air.

c. ManycomponentsofanABSarenotserviceable;replacethemasanassembly.DisassemblinganABScomponentthatisnotdesignedtobeservicedmaycausepersonalinjuryorsystemmalfunction.

d. ThereisnoonebleedingprocedurethatappliestoallABSs.Proceduresvarygreatlyfromsystemtosystem.TobleedavehiclewithanABS,usethemanufacturer’sspecific bleeding method for the vehicle being serviced.

e. IfusingelectricarcweldingequipmentonavehiclewithanABS,disconnectthebatteryandpowertraincontrolmodule(PCM).

f. AnABSoperatesatveryhighpressures.AlwaysdepressurizetheaccumulatorbeforeservicingtheABS.

g. Toprotectthecontrolmodule,neverdisconnectorconnectanyABSconnectorwhiletheignitionswitchison.

h. PortionsofanABSoperateatverylowsystemvoltages;therefore,neveruseaconventional12-volttestlighttoprobecircuits.Aconventional12-volttestlightcandamagetheantilockcomponents.Alwaysuseahigh-impedancedigitalmultimeter(DMM)toprobethecircuits.

i. WhenworkingwithwiringonanABS,nevertouchtheelectricalconnectionsorpinsorallowthemtocontactthebrake fluid. This kind of contact damages the PCM.

j. Beforetestdrivingavehiclewithabrakeproblem,testthebrakesatalowspeedtobesurethatthecarstopsnormally.

C. ProceduresforidentifyingvehiclesequippedwithanSRSandABS

1. On some vehicles, the vehicle identification number (VIN) indicatesthatthevehicleisequippedwithanSRSandABS.Checkthemanufacturer’sserviceinformationtodeterminewhatdigitsindicatethatthevehicleisequippedwithanSRSandABS.


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2. TheschematicsmayalsocomewithvariouswarningsthatthevehicleisequippedwithanSRSandABS.

3. SomevehicleshaveamarkonthesteeringwheelcovertoindicateanSRS.

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