Unit 2: Matter

What is stuff?

What is Matter?

- Rain- Snow- Air- Electricity- Breath- Thunder- Lightning- Light- Energy

Which of the following is matter?

Let’s Define Matter…

Write down a definition of what you think constitutes matter. Be specific!

Our definition: Matter is anything that has a VOLUME and a MASS.

The Nature of Matter:

Kinetic Theory of Matter:Matter is made up of tiny particles in constant motion.

Elements are made of 1 type of atom

Atoms made of: Protons Neutrons Electrons

Matter cannot be created or destroyed in/by a natural process. 1st Law of

Thermodynamics

Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures:

Elements: Pure substance that cannot be broken down into smaller parts; consists of only 1 type of Atom

Compounds: A chemical combination of 2 or more elements.

Mixture: A physical combination of 2 or more compounds or elements.

SO…which of these do each of the pictures represent?

Mixture Types:

Heterogeneous mixtures contain regions that have properties that are different from other regions. They are NOT the same

throughout.

Homogeneous mixtures are the same throughout. They are called solutions. Solute vs. Solvent

Intro to the States of Matter

There are 4 states of matter Solids Liquids Gasses Plasma

These are PHYSICAL properties of matter.

Phases of Matter

What temperature does water boil at?

What Temperature does water boil at when at a pressure of 218 atm?

Another phase diagram (constant pressure)

Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter

Physical

Odor

Color

Volume

Mass

State

Density

Melting point

Boiling point

Chemical

Reactivity

Electron Affinity

Electronegativity

Atomic Radius

Atomic Mass

Acidity

Basicity

Physical and Chemical Properties Continued…

Chemical properties refer to a substances ability to form new substances. Results in a chemical change Called reactions

Gas Released Heat Released Change in pH Unexpected Color Change Formation of a Precipitate

Physical properties refer to characteristics that do not result in the formation of a new substance Results in a physical change Can be used to identify

substances

Kinetic Molecular Theory: Characteristics of the States of Matter:

Solid:- particles are

touching- particles are

arranged in a stacking pattern

- strong attractive forces between particles

- cannot be compressed

Liquid:

- particles are touching- particles are able to

move past eachother- mild attractive

forces between particles

- cannot be compressed

Gas:- particles not

touching- particles are free

flowing- NO attractive forces

between particles- can be compressed

Take a look…

So… why do we see the characteristics that we see???

Separating Mixtures:

Distillation: A liquid solution is boiled to produce a vapor which is then condensed to re-produce a separated liquid

Filtration: used to separate a heterogeneous mixture containing a solid and a liquid

Combination: well….duh!