UNIT 15: ANIMAL KINGDOM

UNIT 15: ANIMAL KINGDOM

What characteristicsare common to all animals?

Eukaryotic cells NO cell wall Multicellular Cell specialization Heterotrophic Reproduction/Development

Categories of Animals

Invertebrates: 95%; animals without backbones Sea stars, worms, jellyfish, & insects

Vertebrates: 5%; animals with backbones Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds,

mammals

7 Functions Animals Carry Out

1. Feeding2. Respiration3. Circulation4. Excretion5. Response6. Movement7. Reproductio

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Animals are heterotrophs:

Meaning they must get their nutrient from other organism.

Types of Feeders

Type of Feeder Description

Herbivore Feeds on plants.Carnivore Feeds on other animals.Filter feeder Aquatic; strain tiny floating

organisms from the water.Detritivores Feeds on decaying plant and

animal material.

All About Animals

What does an animal do when it respires? They take in oxygen and give off carbon

dioxide. What does the excretory system of most

animals do? Helps maintain homeostasis by eliminating

ammonia quickly or converts it into a less toxic substance that is removed from the body.

Animals respond to events in their environment using specialized cells called nerve cells.

Motile: ability to move. What enables motile animals to

move around? Muscular contractions, usually

in combination with support of the skeletal system.

Sessile: Does not Move Why do sessile animals need

musculature? Muscles help sedentary

animals feed and pump water and fluids through their bodies.

What type of reproduction maintains genetic diversity in populations? Sexual Reproduction

How? by improving species’ ability to evolve when the environment changes therefore increasing their chance of survival.

What does asexual reproduction allow an animal to do? It allows animals to increase their

numbers rapidly therefore increasing their chance of survival.

Early Development of Animals What is another name for a fertilized egg?

Zygote What does a zygote form after it

undergoes a series of divisions? Blastula

Protostome: development of an animal from mouth to tail.

Deuterostome: development of an animal from tail to mouth.

So… how do humans develop, huh???

Sperm fertilizes an egg zygote. Zygote

undergoes cleavage.

Mitotic cell division and cytokinesis, but NO cell growth

Development

Zygote Cleavage Blastula (hollow space inside = Blastocoel)

Development

Zygote Cleavage Blastula Gastrula

Gastrulation

Germ Layer Location

Develops into

Endoderm

Innermost layer

Digestive System

Mesoderm

Middle layer

Muscular System

Ectoderm

Outermost layer

Nervous System

3 Germ Layers (Triploblastic)

Body Symmetry

Radial Symmetry: body parts repeat around center. Examples: starfish, sand dollar, sea anemone

Ex: Sea Anemone

Body Symmetry

Bilateral Symmetry A single plane divides that body into two

equal halves. Example; humans, dogs, cats Which one has cephalization? THIS GUY!!!

Cephalization is the concentration of sense organs and nerve cells at the anterior end of the body

Ex: Lobster

Animal Symmetry

Bilaterally symmetrical animals have: Dorsal (top) side and Ventral (bottom)

side. Right and Left side. Anterior (head) and Posterior (tail) ends. Cephalization: the development of a

head.

Coelom: fluid-filled body cavity lined with mesoderm. You will hear words like…

Acoelomate: lacking a body cavity.Pseudocoelomate: a false body

cavity.Coelomate: true body cavity.

Symmetry Worksheet

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Embryonic Development

3 Germ Layers (Triploblastic):-Ectoderm = Nervous System-Endoderm = Digestive System-Mesoderm = Muscular System