undp rba workshop on mdg-based national development strategies module 3: rural development...
TRANSCRIPT
UNDP RBA Workshop onMDG-Based
National Development Strategies
Module 3:Rural Development Investment Needs
to Achieve the MDGs
February 27-March 3, 2006
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Introduction
The rural development investment cluster includes interventions to:
increase food production increase incomes ensure access to basic infrastructure
services
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Key Interventions
1. Agricultural Productivity
2. Rural Income Generation
3. Transport
4. Energy
5. Water Supply and Sanitation
6. Water Resources Infrastructure and Management
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Soil Fertility Depletion
132 million tons of N,15 million tons of P,90 million tons of K (worth $11 billion/year) waslost from cultivated land in 37 African countries during the last 30 yearsSmaling, 1993Sanchez, 2002
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FAO Index of Net Food Output per Capita, 1961-2000
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
1961
1963
1965
1967
1969
1971
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
World E SE Asia South Asia Sub-Sahara
The Problem: Falling per capita Food Availability in Sub-Saharan Africa
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0
0.51
1.52
2.53
3.54
4.5
55.5
66.5
77.5
8
Observed On-farm
OfficialOn-farm
On-station Commercialfarmers
Gra
in y
ield
(t
ha
-1)
Zambia
Tanzania
Kenya
Uganda
Ethiopia
Burkina Faso
Niger
Botswana
Zimbabwe
The Yield Gap: Raising Agricultural Productivity is Possible
Reported grain yield levels in Sub-Saharan Africa
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Agricultural Productivity -Choose Interventions
Focus on food-insecure farmers Interventions aimed at raising food productivity to increase
household consumption and generate marketable surplus Interventions cover:
Investments to increase soil health (e.g., fertilizers, agroforestry)
Provision of improved seeds and planting material Investments in small scale on-farm water management for
agriculture (e.g. water harvesting, conservation, irrigation technology)
Agriculture and irrigation extension services with a special focus on reaching women farmers
Research in agriculture Develop agriculture support systems (early warning systems)
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Interventions to Improve Nutritional Outcomes
Direct nutritional interventions to pregnant women and lactating mothers
Encourage complementary feeding for infants
School meals sourced through local production
Reduce under-nutrition among children under 5 years
Reduce vitamin and mineral deficiencies targeted at vulnerable groups, through micronutrient supplementation when needed
Emergency relief (early warning systems, safety nets, direct food aid)
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Rural Income Generation -Choose Interventions
Help the poor connect with markets– Farmers associations– Community and market centers– Improving transportation systems– Training and skills development
Value-addition/agro-based processing activities– Quality financial services including microfinance– Storage facilities to reduce post harvest losses
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Agricultural Productivity and Rural Income Generation - Define Targets
Agricultural productivity Taking 1990 as the baseline year, enable at least half of the
food-insecure subsistence farm households to grow enough food to feed themselves by 2015
Rural income generation Taking 1990 as the baseline year, provide at least half the
food-insecure households in rural areas with access to food storage facilities, quality financial services, value added food processing services, and marketing organizations (such as cooperatives) by 2015.
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Estimate Resource Needs
Country demographic data
Needs per beneficiary
TOTAL NEEDS
Target Population
Target coverage rates
Cost, HR, infrastructure components for key
interventions
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Key Interventions
1. Agricultural Productivity
2. Rural Income Generation
3. Transport
4. Energy
5. Water Supply and Sanitation
6. Water Resources Infrastructure and Management
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The Case for Transport Infrastructure and Services as Part of an MDG
strategy Transport is not mentioned in the MDGs, but
improved transport services (incl. roads, railways, and ports) are critical to:– Lower cost of national and international trade– Reduce cost of agricultural inputs and raise
farmgate prices for produce– Improve prospects for non-farm rural
employment– Improve access to social services (in particular
emergency obstetric care to reduce MMR)– Reduce time poverty – particularly of women
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Transport -Choose Interventions
Transport systems for health and other essential social services and infrastructure maintenance
Upgrading and construction of footpaths, paved secondary or district roads as well as small paved feeder and community roads.
Institutional structure and funding arrangements for adequate road maintenance (such as dedicated road funds).
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Transport -Possible Targets
By 2015 establish national systems for providing and maintaining motorbikes or other vehicles in support of healthcare, agricultural extension, maintenance of infrastructure, etc.
Ensure that 90 percent of the rural population is within 2km of the nearest motorized pick-up point by 2015.
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Transport Needs Assessment
Elements of a roads needs assessment:Transport services
• cost of setting up and operating an integrated fleet of vehicles to provide key social services and infrastructure maintenance
• see Riders for Health costing model (www.riders.org)
Transport infrastructure• carry out an inventory of existing road stock to
ascertain the need for rehabilitation and regular maintenance
• estimate additional roads needed to meet the access targets
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Key Interventions
1. Agricultural Productivity
2. Rural Income Generation
3. Transport
4. Energy
5. Water Supply and Sanitation
6. Water Resources Infrastructure and Management
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The Case for Energy Infrastructure and Services as Part of an MDG Strategy
Lower indoor air pollution (e.g. to reduce U5MR) Improve provision of social services (e.g.
lighting in schools, refrigeration in health centers)
Increase agricultural productivity (e.g. through groundwater pumps)
Reduce women’s time poverty (e.g. to halve poverty and achieve gender equity goal)
Make energy available for manufacturing industries and other productive uses (e.g. to halve poverty)
Halt deforestation and other land degradation
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Energy Services for the MDGs
Cooking with modern fuels and improved stoves
Electricity
Motive power/energy to be generated by simple means, water pumping, etc
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Energy Choose “MDG-Compatible” Interventions
Efficient cooking stoves, modern fuels & improved ventilation
Increase sustainable biomass production (e.g. agroforestry, woodlots or community forestry, area closures, etc.)
Off-grid electricity together with necessary wiring to schools and health facilities complemented with battery charging stations
Rehabilitation and extension of the electric power grid/connection
Motive power infrastructure and fuels/diesel generator
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Energy Possible Rural Targets
Enable the use of modern fuels and devices for 50% of those who at present use traditional biomass for cooking
Support x% of the population in adopting improved cook-stoves and measures to reduce the adverse health impacts from cooking with biomass
Ensure by 2008 that all schools and health facilities have access to electricity
Provide access to modern energy services at the community level for all rural communities (in the form of electricity and mechanical power)
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Energy Needs Assessment
Coverage Targets (Access )•Modern fuels for 50% of those who currently use biomass•Electricity for urban and peri-urban areas•Electricity and motive power for rural communities
Population & Infrastructure Data • # of HH• # of communities• km of LV/MV/HV line
Cost Data • Cooking: Cookstoves and fuel • Electricity: ($ per km line; connection cost; $/kWh)
Input Ratios: • kg fuel per hh• kWh of electricity per hh/yr
x
Covered Population
&
Total Costs
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Key Interventions
1. Agricultural Productivity
2. Rural Income Generation
3. Transport
4. Energy
5. Water Supply and Sanitation
6. Water Resources Infrastructure and Management
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Water Supply and Sanitation (Rural) -Choose Interventions
Provision and operation of infrastructure for domestic water supply
Construction and operation of sanitation facilities including drainage systems and facilities for disposal of sullage and wastewater
Hygiene education
Provision and operation of infrastructure for water supply and sanitation for schools and health facilities.
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Water Supply and Sanitation (Rural) -Define Targets
MDG Target 10
Taking 1990 as the baseline year:
Halve the proportion of people in rural areas without sustainable access to safe drinking water by 2015
Halve the proportion of people in rural areas without sustainable access to basic sanitation by 2015, aiming for each target village to achieve full sanitation coverage and to end the practice of open defecation
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Water Supply and Sanitation (Rural):Estimating Needs - Key Points
Define technology mix to be used each year (e.g., boreholes vs. rainwater collection, latrines vs. septic tanks)
Include rehabilitation of existing but defective infrastructure
Include full operation and maintenance costs
Millennium Project Needs assessment Tool is available
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Key Interventions
1. Agricultural Productivity
2. Rural Income Generation
3. Transport
4. Energy
5. Water Supply and Sanitation
6. Water Resources Infrastructure and Management
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Case for Water Resources Management and Infrastructure for the MDGs
IWRM needed to manage increasingly scarce water resources effectively (National Regional Local)
Water storage is required to – Mitigate impact of run-off variability to ensure perennial
water supply– Increase hydropower potential– Flood protection
No country has generated sustained economic growth without large-scale investments in water storage
Irrigation infrastructure required to– Increase yields and strengthen potential for cash crops– Mitigate impact of inter and intra seasonal precipitation
variability
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Water Resources Infrastructure & Management - Interventions
Provision and maintenance of water storage and other infrastructure for water management (such as watershed management and water conservation, early warning systems, ground and surface storage systems, etc.)
Plans, systems and institutions for integrated water resources management, as appropriate
Hydrological monitoring
Measures to address the social and environmental issues associated with large-scale water management infrastructure
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Thinking About Country Needs
Are there costed sectoral strategies? How can sectoral NA work be integrated into national
planning processes? Who are the key stakeholders to be engaged to:
identify interventions, set targets, provide data agree on unit costs, with review by technical
experts How can targets and interventions be monitored and
evaluated periodically?