understanding the solar system how did it begin? how is it
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Understanding the Solar System How did it begin? How is it](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022012517/6190e8420f58ea2272747185/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Understanding the Solar System
How did it begin? How is it
evolving?
Heidi B. Hammel
Space Science Institute
Boulder, CO
![Page 2: Understanding the Solar System How did it begin? How is it](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022012517/6190e8420f58ea2272747185/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
hunting for answers
Constellation of Orion the Hunter, by John Gavreau
![Page 3: Understanding the Solar System How did it begin? How is it](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022012517/6190e8420f58ea2272747185/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Orion Nebula
Hubble Space Telescope, WFPC2Credit: C.R. O'Dell (Rice University), and NASA
![Page 4: Understanding the Solar System How did it begin? How is it](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022012517/6190e8420f58ea2272747185/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Orion Nebula Detail
![Page 5: Understanding the Solar System How did it begin? How is it](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022012517/6190e8420f58ea2272747185/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Orion’s proto-planetary disks (proplyds)
Hubble Space Telescope ACS • Credit: NASA/ESA and L. Ricci (ESO)
![Page 6: Understanding the Solar System How did it begin? How is it](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022012517/6190e8420f58ea2272747185/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
how do you get from this…
Proplyd in Orion
Hubble Space Telescope ACS
Credit: NASA/ESA and L. Ricci (ESO)
![Page 7: Understanding the Solar System How did it begin? How is it](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022012517/6190e8420f58ea2272747185/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech
… to this?
relative planet sizes are scaled to the Sundistances NOT to scale!
![Page 8: Understanding the Solar System How did it begin? How is it](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022012517/6190e8420f58ea2272747185/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
the story in 1988
![Page 9: Understanding the Solar System How did it begin? How is it](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022012517/6190e8420f58ea2272747185/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
humpty dumpty pushed in
1992
1992 QB1
kuiper belt detected
(beginning of the end of Pluto’s
planethood)
![Page 10: Understanding the Solar System How did it begin? How is it](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022012517/6190e8420f58ea2272747185/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
the REAL solar system
Outer Solar System8 November 2010
Data: Minor Planet Center
Inner Solar System8 November 2010
Data: Minor Planet Center
![Page 11: Understanding the Solar System How did it begin? How is it](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022012517/6190e8420f58ea2272747185/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
humpty dumpty shoved in mid
1990s
planetary migration
theory
![Page 12: Understanding the Solar System How did it begin? How is it](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022012517/6190e8420f58ea2272747185/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
kuiper belt - pluto and his 10,000 closest friends and relations
![Page 13: Understanding the Solar System How did it begin? How is it](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022012517/6190e8420f58ea2272747185/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
orbits of Kuiper Belt Objects
NEPTUNE
scattered disk
classical disk
3:22:1 5:2
centaurs
![Page 14: Understanding the Solar System How did it begin? How is it](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022012517/6190e8420f58ea2272747185/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
humpty dumpty fell in
1995
exoplanets
more exoplanets
AND MORE EXOPLANETS
490 planets around other stars
9 November 2010 planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov
![Page 15: Understanding the Solar System How did it begin? How is it](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022012517/6190e8420f58ea2272747185/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
STARINCREASING DISTANCE FROM STAR
you are hereSolar
System
other
planetary
systems
![Page 16: Understanding the Solar System How did it begin? How is it](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022012517/6190e8420f58ea2272747185/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
how do we put humpty dumpty
together again?
![Page 17: Understanding the Solar System How did it begin? How is it](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022012517/6190e8420f58ea2272747185/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
how to build a solar system I of
7according to Hal Levison et al.
Stage 1
cloud collapse
![Page 18: Understanding the Solar System How did it begin? How is it](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022012517/6190e8420f58ea2272747185/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
how to build a solar system 2 of
7according to Hal Levison et al.
Stage 2
Disks form
![Page 19: Understanding the Solar System How did it begin? How is it](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022012517/6190e8420f58ea2272747185/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
how to build a solar system 3 of
7according to Hal Levison et al.
Stage 3
planetesimals
form
Composite by Emily LackdawallaThe Planetary Society
![Page 20: Understanding the Solar System How did it begin? How is it](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022012517/6190e8420f58ea2272747185/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
how to build a solar system 4 of
7according to Hal Levison et al.
Stage 4
protoplanets form
NASA, ESA, JPL, and A. Feild (STScI)
![Page 21: Understanding the Solar System How did it begin? How is it](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022012517/6190e8420f58ea2272747185/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
how to build a solar system 5 of
7according to Hal Levison et al.
Stage 5
planets form
Artist’s concept; credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech
![Page 22: Understanding the Solar System How did it begin? How is it](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022012517/6190e8420f58ea2272747185/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
how to build a solar system 6 of
7according to Hal Levison et al.
Stage 6
gas accretion
Simulation credit: Thomas Quinn, U. Washington
![Page 23: Understanding the Solar System How did it begin? How is it](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022012517/6190e8420f58ea2272747185/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
how to build a solar system 7 of
7according to Hal Levison et al.
Stage 7
dynamical
redistribution
R. Gomes, H. F. Levison, K. Tsiganis and A. Morbidelli 2005. Nature 435, 466-469
JS
U
N
![Page 24: Understanding the Solar System How did it begin? How is it](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022012517/6190e8420f58ea2272747185/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
solar system formation is
complex and messy
smooshing and smashing!
whooshing and crashing!
understanding solar system
formation very much a work in
progress
![Page 25: Understanding the Solar System How did it begin? How is it](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022012517/6190e8420f58ea2272747185/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
AND FURTHERMORE…
THE SOLAR SYSTEM
ITSELF IS A WORK IN
PROGRESS
![Page 26: Understanding the Solar System How did it begin? How is it](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022012517/6190e8420f58ea2272747185/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
impacts
happen
NOW
![Page 27: Understanding the Solar System How did it begin? How is it](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022012517/6190e8420f58ea2272747185/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
impacts
happen
NOW
![Page 28: Understanding the Solar System How did it begin? How is it](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022012517/6190e8420f58ea2272747185/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
First
Hubble
science
image
with
WFC3
July 2009
![Page 29: Understanding the Solar System How did it begin? How is it](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022012517/6190e8420f58ea2272747185/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
10,000 mi
16,100 km
3.4”
![Page 30: Understanding the Solar System How did it begin? How is it](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022012517/6190e8420f58ea2272747185/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Jupiter smashed AGAIN in June 2010
and AGAIN in August 2010
![Page 31: Understanding the Solar System How did it begin? How is it](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022012517/6190e8420f58ea2272747185/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
prototype smashers &
crashers
![Page 32: Understanding the Solar System How did it begin? How is it](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022012517/6190e8420f58ea2272747185/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
delivering water,
everywhere
Phoenix Lander on Mars
![Page 33: Understanding the Solar System How did it begin? How is it](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022012517/6190e8420f58ea2272747185/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
water on the moon
![Page 34: Understanding the Solar System How did it begin? How is it](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022012517/6190e8420f58ea2272747185/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
speaking of WATER
![Page 35: Understanding the Solar System How did it begin? How is it](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022012517/6190e8420f58ea2272747185/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
we were talking about
WATER, right?
![Page 36: Understanding the Solar System How did it begin? How is it](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022012517/6190e8420f58ea2272747185/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
planetary evolution
![Page 37: Understanding the Solar System How did it begin? How is it](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022012517/6190e8420f58ea2272747185/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
planetary evolution
science and social networking
![Page 38: Understanding the Solar System How did it begin? How is it](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022012517/6190e8420f58ea2272747185/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
atmospheric change on
uranus
![Page 39: Understanding the Solar System How did it begin? How is it](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022012517/6190e8420f58ea2272747185/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
3.8"
voyager uranus in 1986
![Page 40: Understanding the Solar System How did it begin? How is it](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022012517/6190e8420f58ea2272747185/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
3.8"
keck uranus in 2004
![Page 41: Understanding the Solar System How did it begin? How is it](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022012517/6190e8420f58ea2272747185/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
seasonal change
![Page 42: Understanding the Solar System How did it begin? How is it](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022012517/6190e8420f58ea2272747185/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
evolving rings
Published in Science (23 August 2007), "The Dark Side of the Rings of Uranus," by I. de Pater, H. B. Hammel, M. Showalter, and M. van Dam
(epsilon)
(zeta)
2004 2006 2007
![Page 43: Understanding the Solar System How did it begin? How is it](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022012517/6190e8420f58ea2272747185/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
uranus turns “neptunish”
there ain’t no such thing as a static planet...
![Page 44: Understanding the Solar System How did it begin? How is it](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022012517/6190e8420f58ea2272747185/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
immediate future for solar
systemThe New York TimesTuesday, November 9, 2010
menytimes.com/pages/science
![Page 45: Understanding the Solar System How did it begin? How is it](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022012517/6190e8420f58ea2272747185/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Upcoming Planetary Science Missions
2010
Nov 04 - EPOXI encounters Comet Hartley 2
Nov 19 - Launch of O/OREOS
Dec 07 - Venus Climate Orbiter (JAXA) arrives at
Venus
2011
Feb 14 - Stardust NExT encounters comet Tempel 1
Mar 07 - Planetary Decadal Survey released
Mar 18 - MESSENGER orbit insertion at Mercury
July - Dawn reaches asteroid VestaAug 05 - Juno launch to Jupiter
Sep 08 -GRAIL launch to the Moon
Nov 25 -MSL launch to Mars
2012
Mid 2012 - Mars Opportunity Rover at Endeavour
Crater!
Mid 2012 - Dawn leaves Vesta for its journey to
Ceres
August - MSL lands on Mars
immediate future for solar
system
![Page 46: Understanding the Solar System How did it begin? How is it](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022012517/6190e8420f58ea2272747185/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
far future?
![Page 47: Understanding the Solar System How did it begin? How is it](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022012517/6190e8420f58ea2272747185/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Saturn in backlit beauty
Earth
![Page 48: Understanding the Solar System How did it begin? How is it](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022012517/6190e8420f58ea2272747185/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
![Page 49: Understanding the Solar System How did it begin? How is it](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022012517/6190e8420f58ea2272747185/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
We shall not cease from exploration
And the end of all our exploring
Will be to arrive where we started
And know the place for the first time.
- T. S. Eliot , Little Gidding, No. 4 of 'Four Quartets’
Earth, as seen by Voyagerfrom 4 billion miles away