understanding the costs and benefits of net zero design
TRANSCRIPT
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 5 June 2013 | 1 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
Understanding the Costs and Benefits of
Net Zero Design
Lisa Matthiessen, FAIA
Laura Lesniewski, AIA
Peter Morris, MRICS
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 5 June 2013 | 2 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
introduction
• Background
• Statistical Analysis
• Design Thinking at the Building Scale
• Design Thinking at the Community Scale
• Value
agenda
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 5 June 2013 | 3 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
introduction
Value
• Business case = cash value
• S(ocial)ROI = monetize everything
• Carrying capacity = getting beyond costs
How do we value the immeasurable?
Abundance
Generous living
Wellbeing
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 17 May 2013 | 4 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 5 June 2013 | 5 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
introduction
Tools
Cost Analysis $$
Design Strategies $$, EUI
Thinking Framework $$, EUI, other metrics,
beyond measurable
Marshaling resources
to deliver the
best outcome
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 17 May 2013 | 6 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
background
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 17 May 2013 | 7 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
background
Packard Sustainability Report and Matrix 2001, 2002
Cost of Green I and II 2004, 2007
Living Building Study 2009
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 17 May 2013 | 8 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
background
Packard Sustainability
Report and Matrix 2001, 2002
Authors:
David & Lucile Packard Foundation
BNIM Architects
Hawley Peterson Snyder Architects
Keen Engineering
Oppenheim Lewis
Holland Design
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 17 May 2013 | 9 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
background
Examining the
Cost of Green
2004
Cost of Green
Revisited
2007 Author:
Davis Langdon
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 17 May 2013 | 10 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
background
Living Building
Financial Study
2009 Authors:
Cascadia Region Green Building Council Sera Architects Skanska USA Building Gerding Edlen Interface Engineering New Buildings Institute
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 17 May 2013 | 11 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
statistical analysis
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 5 June 2013 | 12 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
data gathered
• Project details (program, rating, location, etc)
• Construction cost
• Construction costs detail
• Projected operating costs (energy and water)
• Actual operating costs
• Anecdotal evidence
statistical analysis
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 5 June 2013 | 13 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
building types
• community centers (learning/visitor)
• K-12 schools
• office buildings – low-rise
• wet labs
• libraries
• office buildings – T.I.
• Healthcare
• High rise mixed use/residential
statistical analysis
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 5 June 2013 | 14 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
approach
statistical analysis
normalize data
• common location
• common time
establish comparison baseline
• the project’s original budget
• the project itself, without
the green elements
• similar projects
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 5 June 2013 | 15 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM statistical analysis
community centers statistical analysis early data
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 5 June 2013 | 16 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM statistical analysis
K-12 schools statistical analysis early data
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 5 June 2013 | 17 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM statistical analysis
office buildings – low-rise statistical analysis early data
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 5 June 2013 | 18 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM statistical analysis
wet lab statistical analysis early data
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 5 June 2013 | 19 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM statistical analysis
energy use intensity: energy star rating by city statistical analysis
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 5 June 2013 | 20 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM statistical analysis
energy use intensity: by climate zone statistical analysis
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 5 June 2013 | 21 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM statistical analysis
energy use intensity statistical analysis early data
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 5 June 2013 | 22 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
Innovatio
n
Adoption
Maturity Decline
Sales
Price
statistical analysis
value discovery
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 5 June 2013 | 23 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
Price
1 2 3
value discovery
statistical analysis
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 5 June 2013 | 24 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
cost drivers
Location
Climate
Size
Program
Team expertise
Client commitment
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 17 May 2013 | 25 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
design thinking
at the building scale
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 17 May 2013 | 26 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
PROGRAM
• Flexible laboratories for molecular
and cutting edge computational
biology
• Support for cutting-edge computational biology
SUSTAINABILITY GOALS
• “The most sustainable lab building
in the world”
• Minimum 50% less energy use and
on-site power generation
• Carbon neutral – without "buying”
carbon offsets
• Capture 100% rainwater on site
• Reduce domestic water demand
50%
• Net-zero waste water
• Natural ventilation and light in all
occupied spaces
J. CRAIG VENTER INSTITUTE GOALS & ASPIRATIONS
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 17 May 2013 | 27 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
1. Identify unique opportunities
of location
2. Organize Program
(Occupancy Use and Time)
3. Analyze Actual Loads
(Right-size everything)
4. High Performance
Architecture
(Envelope, Sunshading,
Daylighting)
5. Decouple Thermal &
Ventilation
(Utilize the most efficient
systems and equipment
available / heat recovery)
6. Select Renewable Sources
of Energy
Images courtesy of JCVI
J. CRAIG VENTER INSTITUTE DESIGN PROCESS
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 17 May 2013 | 28 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
??
Area Available =
“Energy Budget”
PV Output Required = 4x Roof Area Available
J. CRAIG VENTER INSTITUTE ACHIEVING NET ZERO
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 17 May 2013 | 29 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
“Energy Budget”
J. CRAIG VENTER INSTITUTE ORIENTATION, MASSING,
ENVELOPE
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 17 May 2013 | 30 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
Images courtesy of JCVI
J. CRAIG VENTER INSTITUTE ORIENTATION, MASSING,
ENVELOPE
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 17 May 2013 | 31 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
“Energy Budget”
J. CRAIG VENTER INSTITUTE MEP, LIGHTING
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 17 May 2013 | 32 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
J. CRAIG VENTER INSTITUTE MEP, LIGHTING
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 17 May 2013 | 33 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
“Energy Budget”
J. CRAIG VENTER INSTITUTE OPTIMIZE PLUG LOADS,
EQUIPMENT
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 17 May 2013 | 34 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
“Energy Budget”
J. CRAIG VENTER INSTITUTE ON-SITE PHOTOVOLTAICS
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 17 May 2013 | 35 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
J. CRAIG VENTER INSTITUTE NET ZERO TARGET
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 17 May 2013 | 36 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
Architects: EHDD
ILFI Net Zero Energy
60% over ASHRAE 90.1
IDeAs Z Squared Design Facility EUI = 22.6
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 17 May 2013 | 37 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
• High user comfort
• Reuse the existing building
• Good insulation (R-19
walls, R-30 ceiling)
• Daylight and views
• High performance glass +
skylights
• Dynamic glass
• Operable windows
• Drought tolerant planting
• Direct reuse of demo
materials
60% reduction in existing site paving
Building Integrated PV entrance
canopy and PV cool roof
Access to public transportation
concepts: architectural
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 17 May 2013 | 38 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
Dynamic (electrochromic) glass – east facade
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 17 May 2013 | 39 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
Radiant heating
Radiant cooling
Ground source heat pump
Natural ventilation
Dedicated OA air handler
CO2 sensors - demand
ventilation
Displacement ventilation
Night time purge
Heat pump waste heat
capture for warm water
concepts: mechanical/plumbing
Low flow faucets
Dual flush toilets
Waterless urinals
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 17 May 2013 | 40 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
High efficiency light sources
Astronomic time clocks
Task/ambient lighting
Individual occupancy sensor task
lighting controls
Occupant sensor ambient
lighting controls
Mesopic lighting
Light pollution reduction
Daylight switching photosensors
Daylight dimming photosensors
Photovoltaic systems
Upsized wiring
High efficiency transformer
Energy star equipment
Plug load controls
Wireless data
VOIP
concepts: electrical/lighting
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 17 May 2013 | 41 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
Predicted EUI
32.6 Actual EUI
22.6
IDeAs Office: net annual energy use (2009)
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 17 May 2013 | 42 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
Sunnyvale, CA
Sharp Development
RMW Architecture
30,000 gsf
Net Zero within
standard budget
projects | 435 Indio predicted EUI = 22.5
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 17 May 2013 | 43 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
concepts: mechanical/architectural
• Automatically controlled passive night cooling
• Upgraded exterior insulation allows precooling of
thermal mass walls
• Ceiling fans extend comfort temperature range
• Custom operable skylights use prevailing
breezes to induce internal airflow
• High efficiency/ low cost rooftop package units
used only as needed (rarely)
• High performance glazing – no need for external
shades
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 17 May 2013 | 44 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
impact of night purge: typical day
55 °F
60 °F
65 °F
70 °F
75 °F
80 °F
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Automated Windows OA Temp
West Zone AirTempWest Zone MRT
Slab Temp
55 °F
60 °F
65 °F
70 °F
75 °F
80 °F
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Closed Windows OA Temp
West Zone AirTempWest Zone MRT
Slab Temp
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 17 May 2013 | 45 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
concepts: electrical/lighting
• Daylighting to all spaces, except toilets and utility closets
• Skylights designed to provide equal light levels in summer and winter,
and 15% higher levels at equinox
• High efficiency LED lighting (.5W/sf)
• Integral daylight, occupancy, and temperature sensors at every light
fixture
• Individually controlled desk fans and task lights
• Metering by load type (lighting, plug loads, mechanical)
• Building energy use dashboard
• Occupancy sensor controlled plug strips
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 17 May 2013 | 46 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
concepts: financial
• Performance based lease provides carrot (and stick) for good
occupant behaviour
• Added construction cost = $44/sf including 32,000 sf PV array
• Drastically reduced reserve requirements for maintenance and HVAC
• Reduced operating expenses – utilities, landscape, etc
• Demisability to reduce churn costs
• Unanticipated cost reductions (e.g. no mechanical screen)
• IF actual energy use meets predicted, than the financial model is
more profitable than standard practice (build to code)
• Future projects – higher rents and lease rates
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 17 May 2013 | 47 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
design thinking
community scale
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 5 June 2013 | 48 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
community scale: impact of behavior design thinking courtesy of Bioregional
Beddington Zero Energy Development
(U.K.) actual reductions in carbon
58% = building envelope, equipment & renewable energy
42% = behavior changes (food, personal transport, waste)
Lifestyle and behavior changes
are important!
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 5 June 2013 | 49 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
community scale: impact of behavior design thinking courtesy of Bioregional
Sonoma Mountain Village (U.S.)
predicted reductions in carbon
31% = building envelope, equipment & renewable energy
69% = behavior changes (food, personal transport, waste)
Lifestyle and behavior changes
are important!
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 5 June 2013 | 50 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
design thinking courtesy of Bioregional
community scale: design
Supporting sustainable behavior
through design
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 5 June 2013 | 51 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
community scale: design design thinking courtesy of Bioregional
• Information in public spaces
• Exterior, landscape, parks +
gardens
• Front entrance
• Elevators + stairwells
• Collaborative consumption
facilities / prompts
• Car parking + bike parking
• Garbage rooms, signage,
receptacles
• Compost collection
infrastructure/services
• Leasing center
• + more
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 5 June 2013 | 52 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
community scale design thinking
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 5 June 2013 | 53 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
community scale design thinking
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 5 June 2013 | 54 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
community scale
Vision:
• scientific thought and intuitive imagination
• vibrant model of regenerative community
living
• transformational integration of educations,
agriculture, arts, economics, and science
Focus on:
• Water
• Energy
• Integrated ecological cycling of nutrients,
energy, uses
• High-performance built environment
design thinking
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 5 June 2013 | 55 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
community scale
from
carrying capacity
to
ecological performance
design thinking
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 5 June 2013 | 56 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
Analysis Landscape Ecology and Hydrologic Systems
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 5 June 2013 | 57 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM Guiding Principles
community scale design thinking
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 5 June 2013 | 58 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
Greensburg KS
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 5 June 2013 | 59 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
Blessed with a unique opportunity
to create a strong community
devoted to family,
fostering business,
working together for future generations.
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 5 June 2013 | 60 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
Energy
Promote a high level of efficiency in new construction
and look to renewable options for generation.
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 5 June 2013 | 61 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
WIND
100% renewable
energy generation
100%
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 5 June 2013 | 62 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
HOMES
43% energy cost
savings compared to
code (HERS ratings*)
43%
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 5 June 2013 | 63 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
K-12 SCHOOL
42% energy savings
compared to code
42%
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 5 June 2013 | 64 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
regen design thinking
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 5 June 2013 | 65 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
regen design thinking
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 5 June 2013 | 66 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
wellbeing
Gallup Study
150 countries
>98% of world population
Interdependent
• Career Wellbeing
• Social Wellbeing
• Financial Wellbeing
• Physical Wellbeing
• Community Wellbeing
value
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 5 June 2013 | 67 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 5 June 2013 | 68 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
blue zones
Blue Zones
• Sardinia, Italy
• Okinawa, Japan
• Loma Linda, California
• Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica
• Ikeria, Greece
value
BETTER
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 5 June 2013 | 69 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
blue zones
Secrets of a Long Life
• Move naturally
• Hara hachi bu (80% full)
• Plant slant
• Grapes of life (in moderation)
• Purpose now (big picture)
• Downshift (relieve stress)
• Belong (spiritual community)
• Loved ones first
• Right tribe (shared values)
value
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 17 May 2013 | 70 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
value
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 5 June 2013 | 71 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
optimizing value for next generation green
• establishing value
• setting a vision
• budgeting resources
- money
- environmental inputs
• creating the environment for success
- community
- communication
- shared risk
- humble expertise
value
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 5 June 2013 | 72 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
optimizing value for next generation green value
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 5 June 2013 | 73 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
When we were children words were colored
(Harlot and murder were dark purple)
And language was a prism, the light
A conjured inlay on the grass,
Whose rays today are concentrated
And language grown a burning-glass.
- Louis MacNeice
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 5 June 2013 | 74 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
Now we are older and our talents
Accredited to time and meaning,
To handsel joy requires a new
Shuffle of cards behind the brain
Where meaning shall remarry color
And flowers be timeless once again.
- Louis MacNeice
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 17 May 2013 | 75 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM
contact feedback/participation
Lisa Matthiessien, Integral [email protected]
Laura Lesniewski, BNIM [email protected]
Peter Morris, Davis Langdon / AECOM [email protected]
The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 17 May 2013 | 76 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM