ccse net zero energy
DESCRIPTION
Wally Geer - Net Zero Energy Presentation for CCSE - to be presented July 30, 2009TRANSCRIPT
Welcome to NET ZERO ENERGY BUILDINGS
.
Some Special Thanks to:
California Center for Sustainable Energy U.S. Green Building Council National Association of Home Builder’s Research
Center California Solar / Wayne Pendrey Jack L. Gosnell, PhD Derry Scully, Dublin University College of Dublin MosArt Architects, Dublin
ZERO ENERGY BUILDINGS
What is a “Zero Energy Building” ?
There is NO one definition of a ZEBThere is NO U.S. national or international
standard that defines a ZEBSome European Countries have established
their own ZEB National Standards and the EU is currently working on a universal EU Standard
The Definition of a ZEB varies greatly based upon the priorities and metrics of:
Total Carbon Emissions Amount of “Grid Dependence” Dependence on Fossil Fuels Off Site Energy Consumption during the
building’s construction
Some ZEB Concepts & Buzz Words:
Net Zero SITE Energy Use Net Zero SOURCE Energy Use Net Zero Energy Emissions Net Zero Cost Net OFF SITE Zero Energy Use Off the Grid Cradle to Cradle Net Zero Energy Building
A Brief History of Net Zero Energy
Early attempts at ZEBs started in the late 1970s and early 1980s in the U.S. and Europe
Academic and Industry Research started in the 1990s due to U.S. & European Energy Standards :
In the U.S.:– Energy Star– LEED– Green Point Rated Homes
In Europe: – Minergie Standard (Switzerland)– Passivehaus (Germany)– National Home Energy Rating System (U.K.)
What Makes an ZEB Building ?
Site Selection & Orientation Passive Solar Design Building Envelope Design & Construction Integration of Low Energy Consumption
Systems Active Energy Systems
When Analyzing ZEB Opportunities:
Think “Passive” First
& “Active” Second !!
Site Selection:
Solar Orientation Historic Wind Patterns Orientation Geothermal Opportunities Topography Potential Mitigation of “Heat Island” Effect Landscaping Opportunities
Solar Orientation
Historic Wind Patterns Orientation
Geothermal Opportunities
Topography
Potential to Mitigate “Heat Island” Effect
.
Landscaping Opportunities
Why Should We Build ZEBs ?
Peak Oil .
.Energy is Used in three main areas of life
ManufacturingTransportationHeating & Cooling & Lighting of
Buildings
.
But only ONE of those, which happens to be the largest (42-56% of world energy by various estimates)
Can be reduced to ZERO
.
And that is, of course…
Heating, Cooling & Lighting of Buildings
Welcome to the Revolution!
In 1947, Scientists at Bell Laboratories invented the transistor, a device that was, in comparison to vacuum tubes:
More efficient Much smaller, compact Longer lasting Better in every way except, initially, capacity, and
even that characteristic improved Less expensive Instant acting Shake & Shock resistant
So what Revolution…… are We Plotting?
One perhaps as fundamental as the electronics/communications revolution….
Prediction: by 2020, the ways in which most of the buildings on earth are constructed will be as different from current conventional methods as transistors and chips are different from vacuum tubes….
Time for Energy Independence for All of America’s Buildings?
It’s already High Noon
Our Revolution in Construction
By 2020, Construction of Buildings in America and Around the World will be fundamentally different in:
Insulation Heat/Cold Retention Circulation/Ventilation Water Usage/Purity of Effluents Cleanliness/Freshness of Air Health Aspects Sound-Proofness
ABILITY TO OPERATE
ENERGY-INDEPENDENTLY
What are Signals for the Revolution?
LEED – which, in America, is addressing the large part of the total set of environmental and energy issues in building and construction
The 2030 Challenge Passive Standard – which, in Europe, is
rapidly becoming pan-European CODE
Europe’s Passive Haus’ (P.H.) Standard
A Passive House is any building in which a comfortable interior climate can be maintained without active heating and cooling systems
The building heats and cools itself, hence passive...
How does a Passive House Building Work ?
First Certified P.H. in IrelandThis House generates 87% of its own energy
Example of Air Ventilation & Heating
Fully integrated design strategies dramatically reduce energy consumption
100% ZEB Home in Ireland
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“Quality of Life” Buildings
Term ‘Passive House’ sounds, perhaps, on this side of the Atlantic...
…a little too passive!!
What a P.H. really doesis provide highest
‘Quality of Life Buildings’or ‘QLB’ for short
Advantages of ‘Quality of Life Building’ (QLB) Standard
Running costs: very low (or even none!) Comfort: High Working/living environment: Healthy Buildings: Bright, Airy Energy needs: Future-proofed Building life: Prolonged Sound proofing: Excellent LEED Certification: Excellent (Platinum Plus is
possible)
Europe, which had its First Passive-Standard Home Only 10
Years Ago…
Now has over 10,000 of them! Most are homes. There are also many larger buildings: apartment
buildings, offices, churches, schools… Unfortunately we assembled here mostly photos of
larger buildings… Passive Standard do NOT limit appearance of a
home or building…
ZEB Office Building in AustriaGenerates 90% of its’ Own Energy
Requirements
Church in AustriaThat Thinks it’s a Power Plant !
Manufacturing facility in Austria that requires NO Electrical Lighting
Community Center in Austria that is a 100% ZEB Building
Montessori School, Germany100% Fresh Air Change, 4 times per hour100% Natural Lighting
Students Test Scores improved 12% to 15% upon relocating to this School upon its’ completion
Retrofitting to PH and ZEB Standards
Our Bottom line ($$$)…… is the bottom line….
How Much does all this high-spec build cost?
&
What happens to
Running Costs?
Cost Comparison Construction Costs of a 50% ZEB Office Building, Kiel, Germany
(Building Shell _ Tenant Improvements - Converted to U.S. Dollars)
Conventional Sustainable DifferenceFrame 48.28 53.82 11.46%Envelope 83.65 101.27 21.06%Roof 15.20 15.11 -0.58%Walls/Doors12.78 12.90 0.95%Finishes 33.48 32.24 -3.70%Services 92.18 86.64 -6.01%Siteworks 7.04 7.02 -0.37%
TOTALS 292.62 309.00 5.60%
Energy Savings
Office Building Type EnergyConventional 25 KWH/ft2/year
Sustainable 10 KWH/ft2/year
Savings 15 KWH/ft2/yearFor a 250,000 Office Building,
that’s a Savings of over $350,000 per year
Test
Some Documented Success Stories & Facts
20%BETTER TEST
PERFORMANCE
SCHOOLS
EARLIERDISCHARGE
HOSPITALS
INCREASEDPRODUCTION
FACTORIES
2-16%PRODUCTIVITY
INCREASE
OFFICES
INCREASEIN SALES PERSQUARE FOOT
RETAIL
We’re in California, USA…
…so that’s enough
About Europe …
What’s up in the good old U.S.A. ?
U.S.G.B.C. LEEDs Programs and Certifications
The 2030 Challenge Developers in search of a better Bottom Line
The 2030 Challenge
The 2030 Challenge asking the global architecture and building community to adopt the following targets:
All new buildings, developments and major renovations shall be designed to meet a fossil fuel, GHG-emitting, energy consumption performance standard of 50% of the regional (or country) average for that building type.
At a minimum, an equal amount of existing building area shall be renovated annually to meet a fossil fuel, GHG-emitting, energy consumption performance standard of 50% of the regional (or country) average for that building type.
The fossil fuel reduction standard for all new buildings and major renovations shall be increased to: – 60% in 2010
70% in 201580% in 202090% in 2025 Carbon-neutral in 2030 (using no fossil fuel GHG emitting energy to operate).
These targets may be accomplished by implementing innovative sustainable design strategies, generating on-site renewable power and/or purchasing (20% maximum) renewable energy and/or certified renewable energy credits.
Who’s on Board ?
The American Institute of Architects (AIA)US Green Building Council (USGBC)Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)Royal Architecture Institute of Canada (RAIC)County of Sarasota, FLState of New Mexico (Governor Bill Richardson)City of Santa Fe, NMRocky Mountain Institute (RMI)Environment AmericaInternational Council for Local Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI)World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD)Environmental Protection Agency (EPA/Target Finder)American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE)National Wildlife Federation (NWF)Society of Building Science Educators (SBSE)AIA Committee on the Environment (AIA/COTE)Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture (ACSA)Union Internationale des Architectes (UIA)American Solar Energy Society (ASES)American Society of Interior Designers (ASID)Cascadia Region Green Building CouncilOntario Association of Architects (OAA)
2030 Gains Political Traction
Santa Barbara, CA, first in nation to adopt 2030 Challenge for all buildings: In 2007, the City of Santa Barbara, CA, took a historic step by passing an ordinance to become the first U.S. city to adopt the 2030 Challenge for all buildings within the city limits. The legislation seeks to reduce the fossil fuel standard for all new buildings in order to accomplish carbon neutrality by 2030. The ordinance will enact building regulations exceeding state standards for energy use by 20% for low-rise residential buildings, 15% for high-rise residential buildings and 10% for nonresidential buildings, among other measures.
Approximately 20 municipalities have followed Santa Barbara in adopting some form of the 2030 Challenge at the City or County level.
Legislation is currently pending at the State Level in 12 States to adopt various forms of the 2030 Challenge at the State Level
When it’s High Noon in American summers…
Many of our cities have this utterly-unenviable horror called
“double-90’s”… Temperature > 90o F Humidity > 90%Europe has no such honors (and asks that we NOT
export them to Europe)…
Our challenge is to COOL Buildings, not to HEAT them
Physics 101
It takes much more energy to deal with the water in the air than the
actual cooling of it
National Institute of Health Building 31,A Case Study
A NIH-QLBI Case Study in introducing innovative retrofit proposals that will both increase comfort & reduce energy loss
Issues with Building 31
Overheating in Summer Cold indoor temperatures in winter All Year: Freeze on North side of Building,
Roast on South Side of Building Poor air quality per NIH’s own standards !
The Causes of B-31s Problems
Large Single Glazed Window Areas NO shading devices, or shading Inefficient cooling system Large window areas, with poor thermal performance Hugh thermal bridges through concrete structure Inefficient heating system Mo fresh air ventilation system Single Thermostat for this 400,000 square foot
building
Some Problems & Some Solutions
Problem: Large Single Glazed Window Areas
Solution: Reduce Window area and improve thermal performance with triple glazed windows
Problem: No shading devices
Solution: Put shading louvers on east, south and west facades of the building
Problem: Hugh thermal bridging problem at concrete structure
Solution: Insulate thermal bridges
Some Problems & Some Solutions
Problem: Inefficient cooling & heating system & NO fresh air circulation
Solution: Change to efficient fresh-air-ventilation system to cool, heat and condition the air
Problem: Single thermostat for the entire building
Solution: WOW, that’s a tough one, this will require additional research and study – I’ll get back to you.
B-31 Retrofit Panel
Retrofit Procedure
Remove existing façade elements, grid by grid
Install panels grid by grid
Grid-by-grid process dramatically reduces number of people/offices that would need to be vacated at any given time in the process….
B-31, the Bottom Line
Total comfort and healthy conditions/air in all offices/areas of the entire complex
Significant reductions of expenditures for energy Perhaps reduction or even elimination of the huge current,
probably outmoded, central heating/cooling Ability to accomplish complete refurbishment by stages,
minimizing employee/office displacements Reasonable costs for totally-positive retrofit Transforming a problematic building into a “model” of
refurbishment Health, Comfort, Happiness of Employees Estimated pay back in Energy Costs = 7 Years
So, Let’s Summarize the Issues
ZEB is NOT an “all or nothing” concept You don’t have to be a tree hugger to embrace the
ZEB Concept, because it just makes economic sense
Political and Legislative Forces (i.e. 2030 challenge, Incentives & Rebates, LEED related legislation, etc.) will drive research and technology
You may do it for the dollars, but you just might be doing others some good in the process
Thank you for joining the revolution
For Additional Information, please contact
Wally Geer
at