understanding parliamentary procedure

8/16/2019 Understanding Parliamentary Procedure

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Wby tbks ks k`partnet

• @ast ja``aecy usld systl` ai VV• Jaetnkes ncc tbl jarl prkejkpcls

-Wkcc prlpnrl yau iar atblr slttkegs uskeg VV

• [au nrl n clndlr blrl tadny, tbks wkccblcp prlpnrl yau iar clndkeg ta`arrawns wlcc.

• Heawkeg tbks jne blcp prlvlet cnwsukts! Kdkat‛s Gukdl p""#


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Wby kt `nttlrs☌ –@lòlrs ai eae-praikt nssajkntkaes nrl

letktcld ta dul prajlss oliarl olkeg rlàvldira` `lòlrsbkp.‐

☌ Zblr`ne v. Gcnss Jkty Zkegcls, ?667 Abka


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Wby tbks `nttlrs=–Wl ngrll . . . tbnt n `l`olr wba ne nssajkntkae

sllhs ta lxplc ks letktcld ta dul prajlss nedenturnc mustkjl wbkjb rlqukrls rlnsaenocl eatkjlned blnrkeg wktb tbl appartuekt ta dliled tbljbnrgls. !aurts wkcc ketlrvlel wblrl n dleknc

ai sn`l bns ajjurrld ke tbl lxpucskae ai n`l`olr ai ne nssajkntkae argnek"ld iarsajknc purpasls.‐

#n v. $edlrsae %kccs& '() *+ ,d '


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☌ $lspljt iar tbl rkgbts ai%☌ &bl @n'arkty,☌ &bl @kearkty, lspljknccy n straeg `kearkty

( grlntlr tbne ael-tbkrd,☌ ai )edkvkdunc @l`*lrs,

☌ ai +*sletlls, ned☌ ai +cc &blsl &agltblr.

☌ ra` $a $, " tb ld., /6>))

Tbl Jarl Vrkejk cls a- Vnrckn`letnry Vrajldurl


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☌ #ucl oy tbl @n4arkty☌ #k+bts a- tbl @kearkty

☌ Jaurtlsy ta Ncc☌


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ppcykeg tblsl prkejkpcls, wl jne dld`ast ai tbl rucls iar tbl vnrkaus `atkae

(Wl wkcc ja`l onjh ta tbks cntlr.)

_\CL O[ TBL @NMA_KT[_KGBTZ AI TBL

@KEA_KT[JA\_TLZ[ TA NCC

AEL TBKEG NT N TK@L


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Ja``kttlls % Wblrl tbl war? glts dael' :udglt 4 kenejl' +jndl`kjs' )etrn`urncs' Vu*ckj $lcntkaes'


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Ja``kttlls %Wblrl tbl war? glts dael

' :udglt 4 kenejl' +jndl`kjs

' )etrn`urnc' Vu*ckj $lcntka

'


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Ja``kttlls % Wblrl tbl war? glts dael' :udglt 4 kenejl

' +jndl`kjs' )etrn`urncs

' Vu*ckj $lcntkaes'


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r#nek ntkaes nrl *a!lrel" oy=\.Z. Jaestktutkae

Ildlrnc CnwsZtntl jaestktutkaeZtntl Ztntutls

n) Nrtkjcls ai Kejarparntkae

!a"lreke# $aju%lets ai &nrlet 'r#nek(ntkae

) '*!N+K,N-K'+ Z J'+Z-K-\-K'+ '* O/CN6ZZpljknc *ucls ai 'rdlr Ndaptld y t l &nrlet'r#nek(ntkae

) &N*CKN


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+ ar `❞ l$n ct= @n-arkty a$

`l`olrs letktcl" ta!atl' Wby. Wbk/b 6rke/k6cls

n66cy.

❞ Wktba t ar `, n

#ra 6 `ny=❞ k tbl tk`l ta wbk/b ta n"-a re4(slt tk`l $ar tbl el t `lltke#)

❞


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bl k$l a$ n @atkae

&blrl nrl O stlps ke prajlsskeg ne kdlnketa n graups iar`nc dljkskae%

"# @n?keg tbl @atkae# atlO#+eeauejl`let ai >atl


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Wktb"rnwnc a$ n @atkae /6& au must `ndl n àtkae tbnt au tbkeh wkcc quncki au iar`lòlrsbkp ke tbl >ejarparntld ?ajklt ai :aaiussls 4ektld <@kjbkgne #rnejb 9>? :4@#.7 2au wksb au bnde;t dael tbnt& outeaw wbnt jne au da= >s tblrl ne wn ta prlvlet aurslci iraòlkeg kedujtld ta >? :4@#=2ls& au jne nsh plr`ksskae ta wktbdrnw tbl àtkae.>i au rlqulst plr`ksskae oliarl tbl jbnkr rlstntls tbl àtkae&tble& oljnusl kt ks stkcc aur àtkae& au jne wktbdrnw kt.>i au rlqulst plr`ksskae nitlr tbl jbnkr rlstntls tbl àtkae& tble&oljnusl kt eaw olcaegs ta tbl nsslòc & au jneeat nuta`ntkjnccwktbdrnw kt.☌ #ut& au jne nsh plr`ksskae ira` tbl nsslòc ta wktbdrnw. >t ks usuncc

nccawld o glelrnc jaeslet& out& ki elldld jne ol dael wktb n sk`pcl`nmarkt vatl.


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bl k$l a$ n @atkae=8tl6 >= @n9ke# tbl @atkaeitlr rljagektkae *y tbl jbnkr,

) àvl ta !tbnt# . . . .:l Vrljksl G wards `nttlr, 4 wl1rl cnwylrs+grll wktb yaur àtkae G ael jneeat spln?ngnkest ael1s awe àtkae

Vbrnsl àtkaes ke pasktkvl tlr`s G nelgntkvl àtkae `ny rl0ukrl vatkeg eny tangrll wktb tbl kdln, ned tbks ks jaeiuskeg

Vut kt ke Wrktkeg


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Tbl 9rkledcy8 N`led`let☌ 8bl `nhlr ai n àtkae awes

tbl àtkae uetkc kt ks rlstntldo tbl jbnkr. $t tbnt paket kt ks–gkvle‐ ta tbl nsslòc .

☌ 8ljbekjncc & neatblr `lòlr jnesugglst n àdkikjntkae oliarl tbkstk`l& out tbnt ks aitle prnjtkjncck`passkocl.

☌ 8bus& kt ks olst must tajaeskdlr tbl –irkledc ‐n`led`let ta ol njrlnturl ai ` tb.


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bl k$l a$ n @atkae=8tl6 0= lontl

nuct% 9njb `l`*lr `ny spln? twkjl plr 0ulstkae plr dny7 lvlry `l`*lrglts n jbnejl ta spln? aejl *liarl neyael spln?s twkjl7 " `ke `nB.

l`nr?s sbaucd *l%=krljtld ta tbl jbnkrJaeikeld ta tbl sjapl ai tbl àtkae3lr`nel% Jaeikeld ta tbl `lrkts ai tbl àtkaeJaeikeld ta tbl àtkae )@@9=)+&96[ pledkeg

lvlr nttnj? neatblr `l`*lr1s àtkvls+vakd uskeg @l`*lr1s en`ls&bl Jbnkr sbaucd rlcke0uksb tbl jbnkr ke ardlr ta dl*ntl

Wbkjb prkejkpcls nppcyK


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bl k$l a$ n @atkae=8tl6 5= 1 ttke# tbl + lstkae F Natke#

>akjl vatl

=kvkskae ai tbl +ssl`*cy G usld wble n`l`*lr tbke?s tbl rlsuct ai tbl vatl kskejarrljt7 rl0ukrls ea sljaedJaeslet ! sckdls nblnd#

+*stletkaes 2& ke ardlr☌ 9iiljt% uejauetld vatl !vakjl, jaeslet#☌ 9iiljt% jauetld vatl !rkskeg, sbaw ai bneds#

Jbnkr vatls ta `n?l ar *rln? n tkl


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bl k$l a$ n @atkae=8tl6 O= l/cnrke# tbl Natl

+yls ar nysK

@atkae Vnssls; nkcs9iiljt ai tbl `atkae% F&bl graup wkcc . . . F

lBt ktl` ai *uskelss


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cnssls a$@atkaes

Vrkvkclgld @atkaes☌ =lnc wktb kssuls k`partnetleaugb ta wnrrnet ketlrruptkegncc atblr `atkaes☌ &bly dae1t rlcntl ta tbl `nke `atkae, ar pledkeg *uskelss,*ut ta tbl `l`*lrs 4argnek5ntkae


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- l *ne=ke# . Ikx tbl Tk`l ta Wbkjb ta Ndmaure Vrkvkclgld@atkaes?. Ndmaure

. :. _ljlss

. 4. _nksl n ̂ ulstkae a !rk"kcl#l

. %. &ncc ar tbl Ardlrs a tbl 'n(

*. +n( ae tbl Tn,cl Zuoskdknry

@atkaes. !rl"kaus ̂ ulstkae-. +k`kt ar /xtled +k`kts a 'l,ntl). !ast6ael ta n &lrtnke Tk`l>$. &a``kt ar _l lr

>>. Zljaednry N`led`let>?. N`led>:. !ast6ael edl kektlc(


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@nke @atkae_lsacutkaes 1 n inej t pl ai `nke àtkae

Wblrlns . . . F tbks ks jnccld tbl prlnòcl& kt ks tbl kedujl`let& ar rlnsae iartbl rlsacutkaeN8blrliarl& ol kt 5lsacvld tbnt . . . Frlsacutkae& tbl njtkae ta ol tnhleNEatkjl 1 sk`kcnr ta tbl jkvkc prajldurl jaejlpt *atkjl jne ol gkvle arncc & ueclss o cnws rlqukrl wrktkeg

*atkjl jne ketlrrupt n splnhlr& ki eljlssnr & ned jne lvleol gkvle nitlr `lltkeg ks ndmaureld@ust kedkjntl tbl lxnjt enturl ai tbl àtkae ned ktspasskocl rnegl. >i tbl àtkae pnssld lxjllds tbl sjaplai eatkjl& tble kt ks kevnckd.


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@nke @atkae= _ cls☌ F) `avl ta . . .N ☌ F) `avl tbnt . . .N

?ljaed *lldld= 2ls:lontnocl = 2ls$`lednocl= 2ls

0atl= @nmarkt


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8 osk"knry @atkaes☌ F$sskst tbl nssl`oc ke trlntkeg ar dkspaskeg ai n

`nke `atkae.‐ - 5a*5 pg OJ

☌ Dastpael >edlikektlc☌ $`led

☌ !a``kt ar 5lilr☌ Dastpael :likektlc☌ Lk`kt& ar +xtled Lk`kts& ai :lontl☌ Drlvkaus Iulstkae☌ Ln ae tbl 8nocl


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1ast6ael Je"l$kektlcy4sld ta dkspasl ai ne uewksl

àtkae wktbaut tnhkeg n vatlae kt.+.g.1 –> àvl ta daentl G &JJJ tatbl bac ardlr ai *n"k *ues.‐☌ $ppravnc B okgatr☌ :ksnppravnc B bntkeg eues

# kedlikektl pastpael`let&tbks àtkae gals nwnwktbaut lvlr olkeg dkrljtcvatld upae.

☌ >i tbks pnssls& tble tbl

`nke àtkae ks elvlrvatld upae.☌ Ztrntlgy 1tbks àtkae jne

ol usld ta tlst aur skdlsstrlegtb iar dlilntkeg nàtkae. >i kt inkcs& tble ancsa heaw au dae;t bnvltbl strlegtb ta prlvlettbl jurrlet àtkae ira`pnsskeg .


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1ast6ael Je"l$kektlcy

jaed *lldld= 2ls:lontnocl = 2ls& jne ga keta tbl ̀ lrkt ai tbl

`nke àtkae

$`lednocl= *a0atl= @nmarkt

–> àvl ta pastpael 9tbks àtkae7 kedlikektlc .‐


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3a``kt ar _l$lr ?leds tbl àtkae ta n ja``kttll iar iurtblr

lxpcarntkae ned plriljtkae>i tblrl ks n stnedkeg ja``kttll ta bnedcl tblàtkae& tble kt ùst ol rlilrrld ta tbntja``kttll.

?pljknc ja``kttll sbaucd kejcudl1☌ *uòlr ai `lòlrs&☌ %aw slcljtld☌ >estrujtkaes☌ ?japl ai Dawlr1 glt keiar`ntkae& ar njt=


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3a``kt ar _l$lr

?ljaed *lldld= 2ls

:lontnocl = 2ls$`lednocl= 2ls

0atl= @nmarkt

–> àvl ta rlilr 9tbks àtkae7 ta tbl EEEEEEEEE ja``kttll.‐

–> àvl ta rlilr tbl kssul ta n ja``kttll ai 9euòlr&7cljtld o 9baw jbasle&7 ke ardlr ta 9kestrujtkaes7 wktbl pawlr ta 9sjapl.7‐


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1ast6ael ta n 3lrtnke k`l4sld ta dlcn njtkae ae n àtkae iar neeuòlr ai rlnsaes1 elld àrl keiar`ntkae& dae;tbnvl n hl plrsae iar tbl dlontl prlslet& ltj.

!ne aec ol pastpaeld wktbke tbl jurrletslsskae

!neeat ol usld ta hkcc tbl àtkae.☌ +.g.1 elld n dljkskae elxt wllh& jne;t pastpael iar nàetb.


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1ast6ael ta n 3lrtnke k`l–> `avl ta pastpael uetkc 9tbl tk`l ta tnhl tbks`nttlr up ngnke.7‐

?ljaed *lldld= 2ls


0atl= @nmarkt


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k`kt ar D tle" k`kts a$ lontl

!ne ol usld ta kejrlnsl ar dljrlnsl tbl nàuet

ai dlontl ae ne kssul.!ne nppc ta nàuet ai tk`l tbl graup 9ar`lòlr7 glts ta spled ae kssul& tbl euòlr aitk`ls `lòlrs glt ta splnh ae tbl kssul& ar neatblr rucl ai dlontl.!ne ol `ndl ta nppc ta ncc àtkaes ae tblcnddlr& ar aec ta ael ai tbl prljldlet àtkaes.$`led`let1 jne ol n`ledld& out n`led`let jneeatol dlontld.


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k`kt ar D tle" k`kts a$ lontl

–> àvl ta lxtled tbl ck`kts ai dlontl‐ ned nccaw

?lentar ?`ktb ta neswlr qulstkaes ira` tbl nsslòc .–> àvl ta ck`kt dlontl‐ ae tbks kssul taM`keutls. 9ki nppravld& dlontl leds 9ned tbl àtkaeks nuta`ntkjncc vatld ae7 ke M `keutls.7

?ljaed *lldld= 2ls:lontnocl = */$`lednocl= 2ls

0atl= ,A)


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1rl!ka s + lstkae@$2 led dlontl ae tbl àtkae.☌ :alse;t nuta`ntkjncc stap dlontl.☌ 8bks ks n àtkae& ned ùst ol vatld ae ktslci.

@ust bnvl ,A) nppravnc.!ne ol `ndl ta nppc ta ncc àtkaes nppc keg ta&

ned kejcudkeg& tbl `nke àtkae.Wb dal tbks rlqukrl n ,A) vatl=☌ Wbkjb ai tbl ' prkejkpcls ks k`pckjntld=


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1rl!ka s + lstkae–> àvl prlvkaus qulstkae.‐ ar&

–> àvl ta jcasl dlontl.‐?pljknc1 –> àvl prlvkaus qulstkae ae tbks ned ncc atblrpledkeg àtkaes.‐☌ +iiljt1 ?taps dlontl ned n vatl ks tnhle ae lvlr àtkae ke

tbl ardlr ai prljldlejl uetkc tbl `nke àtkae ks dkspasld ai&ar uetkc tbl àtkae ai prlvkaus qulstkae ks dlilntld.

?ljaed *lldld= 2ls:lontnocl = */$`lednocl= */

0atl= ,A)


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ny ae tbl noclTL@VA_N_KC[ slts nskdl n `atkae ta dlnc wktb

neatblr `nttlr.Ln ae tbl 8nocl C Dastpael >edlikektlc VVV☌ Wb =☌ Wbkjb prkejkpcls nppc blrl=

8nhls ncc n`led`lets ned atblr nppckjnocl`atkaes wktb kt ae ned aii tbl tnocl.Wbasl tnocl ks kt=


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3ncc $ar tbl r"lrs a$ tbl ny

–> jncc iar ardlrs ai tbl dn .‐*atl1 tbks jne ketlrrupt n splnhlr.

ljaed *lldld= */:lontnocl = */$`lednocl= */

0atl= A) iar&ar ,A) ngnkest tajaetkeul aii-tapkj.


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_nksl n + lstkae a$ 1rk!kcl#l

iljtkeg $sslòc!aìart kssuls1 blntA$!eat warhkeg^ ar5kgbts kssuls1 taa eaks

iar `lòlrs tablnr^0atld ae o tbl nsslòc

Dlrsaenc Drkvkclgl☌ 5nrl ke àst slttkegs&

ja`àe ta ?#$.☌ Dlrsaenc kssuls1 skjh

jbkcd& elld ta clnvl lnrciar jcnss

☌ *at vatld ae < 5ucld otbl jbnkr.

4sld ta dlnc wktb ne kssul jaejlrekeg tbl rkgbts ai tbl `lòlrs.@n ketlrrupt& ki wnrrnetld


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–> rksl ta n qulstkae ai prkvkclgl.‐ 98bl jbnkr wkcc

nsh au ta stntl aur qulstkae.5ucls olcaw nrl iar tbl `atkae vlrskae

>etlrrupt= 2ls& ki nppraprkntl

ljaed *lldld= 2ls:lontnocl = 2ls

$`lednocl= 2ls

0atl= @nmarkt


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_l/lss$ orkli ketlr`ksskae tnhle o tbl nssl`oc?trltjb clgs& glt irlsb nkr& usl rlstraa`& ar must tatnhl n orlnh ira` ne kssul tbnt ks glttkegjaetletkaus.$`led`lets jne aec jbnegl tbl clegtb ai tk`l tarljlss.


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_l/lss–> `avl iar n 9tk`l7 rljlss.‐

?ljaed *lldld= 2ls:lontnocl = 2ls$`lednocl= 2ls& out aec tbl n`auet ai tk`l

0atl= @nmarkt


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k tbl k`l ta Wbk/b ta


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Je/k"letnc @atkaes–:lnc wktb

qulstkaes aiprajldurlnrkskeg aut ai9 7 . . . $eatblrpledkeg àtkae . .. 9,7 neatblràtkae ar ktl` ai

ouskelss tbnt ksdlskrld taketradujl . . . arbns must ollepledkeg.‐- 5a*5 pg OO c - ,(

☌ Daket ai /rdlr

☌ $pplnc 9tbl dljkskae ai tbl jbnkr7☌ ?uspled tbl 5ucls☌ /omljtkae ta !aeskdlrntkae ai tbl Iulstkae☌ :kvkskae ai n Iulstkae☌ !aeskdlrntkae o Dnrngrnpb& ar ?lrkntk`☌ :kvkskae ai tbl $sslòc☌ 0atkegADacckeg @atkaes☌ *a`kentkae @atkaes☌ 5lqulst ta ol lxjusld ira` n dut☌ 5lqulst >equkrkls1

☌ Dnrckn`letnr >equkr☌ +tj.


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o-l/t ta tbl 3aesk"lrntkaea$ n + lstkae

4sld ta prlvlet jaeskdlrntkae ai n `atkae tbnt ks

krrlclvnet& n wnstl ai tk`l& ol aed tbl sjapl aitbl argnek"ntkae& ar jaetletkaus.@ust ol `ndl oliarl dksjusskae bns olgue&atblrwksl ks aut ai ardlr . 9Ztrntlgy 1 ki tbks inkcs& udlontl ta sbaw kt ks n ond kdln& tble usl pastpaelkedlikektlc .7>e ardlr ta sustnke tbl aomljtkae 9ned eat jaeskdlr7& ktrlqukrls n ,A) vatl ke tbl elgntkvl& ar8a avlrrkdl ned jaeskdlr tbl qulstkae& rlqukrls `arltbne A) vatl.


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o-l/t ta tbl 3aesk"lrntkae a$ n+ lstkae

–> aomljt ta jaeskdlrntkae.‐

ljaed *lldld= */

:lontnocl = */$`lednocl= */

0atl= ,A) $gnkest


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8 s6le" tbl _ cls4sld wble tbl graup wnets ta da sa`ltbkeg tbnt kt

jneeat da wktbaut vkacntkeg kts rucls.!ne aec suspled pnrckn`letnr stnedkeg rucls!$**/8 suspled tbl o cnws ar noavl& sll sckdl M.!$**/8 suspled rucls tbnt pratljt `l`olr rkgbts.>ejcudl lktblr tbl rucl ta ol suspledld& ar tbl aomljt9ganc7ai suspleskae.,A) vatl1 $e pnrckn`letnr rucl ai ardlr 9eat nccawdlontl& ketlrilrl wktb tbl rkgbts ai n `l`olr=7@nmarkt 1 $e gukdlckel iar jaedujtkeg ouskelss 9jbnegltbl ngledn& tk`l wble tbl `lltkeg olgkes& ltj.7


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8 s6le" tbl _ cls–> àvl ta suspled tbl rucls Fkedkjntl lktblr tbl

rucl ta ol suspledld& ar wbnt au wnet ta da tbntjne;t ol dael o tbl rucls.N‐!ne ol `ndl wble neatblr àtkae ks pledkeg& out ùstnppc ta tbnt àtkae.

ljaed *lldld= 2ls


0atl= @nmarkt ar ,A)


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k!kskae a$ tbl


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k!kskae a$ tbl + lstkae4sld ta spckt n ja`pckjntld àtkae keta slvlrnc

àtkaes tbnt jne ol jaeskdlrld kedlpledletc .Iulstkae ùst ol dkvkskocl. 9pg ' & ja`putlr prketlràtkae.7


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k!kskae a$ tbl + lstkae–> `avl ta dkvkdl tbl qulstkae 9stntl baw auwnet tbl qulstkae spckt up.7‐

ljaed *lldld= 2ls

:lontnocl = */

$`lednocl= 2ls & aec ae baw ta dkvkdl tbl qulstkae.

0atl= @nmarkt


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1aket a$ Je$ar`ntkae5lqulst iar suostnetkvl keiar`ntkae noaut tbl

kssul nt bned.4sl wble tblrl ks sa`l hl keiar`ntkae tbnt auelld ta `nhl n dljkskae& out bnse;t olle stntld.>s dkrljtld ta tbl jbnkr. 8bl jbnkr lktblr neswlrs

kt& ar bns neatblr `l`olr wktb tbl keiar`ntkaeneswlr kt.


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1aket a$ 1nrckn`letnry Je kry

5lqulst iar prajldurnc keiar`ntkae noaut tblwn tbl kssul nt bned ks ta ol bnedcld.4sl wble au nrl uesurl noaut baw ta bnedcl nekssul.>s dkrljtld ta tbl jbnkr. 8bl jbnkr lktblr neswlrs



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bl –Lrke# Ln/9& @atkaes$e nsslòc jneeat ol nshld ta

dljkdl tbl sn`l kssul twkjldurkeg tbl sn`l slsskae.$ àtkae tbnt jaeickjts wktb nàtkae lktblr ncrlnd dljkdldupae& ar wktbke tbl graups nokckt

ta dljkdl& ks eat ke ardlr.$s ja`àe ns ne 35!D , 9l719rlqulst iar n àrl dlikektl stntl`let7àtkae .9rl`lòlr senhls ke >rlcned=7

☌ 5lsjked

☌ $`led ?a`ltbkegDrlvkausc$daptld

☌ 8nhl ira` tbl8nocl

☌ 5ljaeskdlr


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_ls/ke"$.6.$.1 5lplnc ar $eeuc?trkhls aut ne letkrl `nke àtkae& rlsacutkae& rucl&o cnw& sljtkae& ar pnrngrnpb tbnt bns olle prlvkauscndaptld nt sa`l prlvkaus tk`l. - 5a*5 p. , ' c. M-(0atl1 lktblr 9n7 ,A)& 9o7 `nmarkt ki praplr eatkjl bns olle gkvl& ar9j7`nmarkt ai tbl letkrl `lòlrsbkp& wbkjblvlr ks àst prnjtkjnc.!$**/8 5lsjked ne vatl wblrl njtkae bns olle tnhleke rlcknejl upae tbl vatl& ks taa cntl ta ueda tbl vatl& artbnt jne stkcc ol njtld upae o tbl àtkae ta rljaeskdlr.>ejcudls jaetrnjts& rlskgentkae& lxpucskae ned lcljtkae ta`lòlrsbkp9ki tbl plrsae wns prlslet ar eatkikld7


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n9l ra` tbl nocl8bl jauetlrpnrt ta Ln ae tbl 8nocl.

8bl àtkae ùst ol tnhle ira` tbl tnocl oliarltbl led ai tbl elxt rlgucnrc sjblducld `lltkeg 9kt;s wktbke n qunrtlrc ketlrvnc&7atblrwksl kt inccs aii tbl tnocl.>i tbl àtkae inccs aii tbl tnocl& kt jne ol rl`ndl ns ki ktwlrl elvlr `ndl ira` tbl stnrt.8bl àtkae orkegs wktb kt ne n`led`lets tnhle ta tbltnocl.:lontl rlstrkjtkaes stkcc nppc & sa ki ael bns lxbnustlddlontl ae tbl àtkae& kt waucd ol strntlgkj ta wnkt uetkctbl elxt `lltkeg ta tnhl kt aii tbl tnocl.


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n9l ra` tbl nocl–> àvl ta tnhl tbl àtkae 9kedkjntl tbl àtkae7

ira` tbl tnocl.‐


0atl= @nmarkt


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_l/aesk"lr $daptkae ai n àtkae ta rljaeskdlr noragntls tbl

vatl ae tbl àtkae& ned orkegs kt onjh ta tblnsslòc ns kt wns must oliarl tbl vatl wns tnhle.!ne aec ol `ndl o n `lòlr wba vatld ae tblprlvnkckeg skdl. 9!ne au lxpcnke wb =7!ne kejcudl tbnt tbl dksjusskae 9rljaeskdlrntkae7 ajjur nt n cntlr tk`l.

!ne ol `ndl aec nt tbl sn`l ar elxt `lltkegwbkjb tbl arkgkenc vatl wns tnhle.!$**/8 5ljaeskdlr1 taa `ne ta ckst& jaesuct5a*5


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T*N 3 0>i tbl aec prn lr au lvlr sn ke aur ckil ks _tbneh

au&; tbnt wkcc suiikjl.‐- @lkstlr +jhbnrt

bks prlsletntkae olgne ns ne kdln noaut iaur `aetbs nga. >olgne warhkeg ae kt avlr tbl cnst tlr` orlnh& ned dkde;t rlnck"lbaw `ujb > bnd okttle aii. 98bks wns rlncc drkvle ba`l wble >

cast ' baurs ai warh.7

> bapl tbnt kt blcps au ned aur argnek"ntkae.


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Jrlntld oy=

Mlrn`ll D. Zkharshk

Ztudlet Onr Nssajkntkae Vnrckn`letnrkneTba`ns @. Jaacly Cnw Zjbaac

\edlrstnedkegVnrckǹletnry

Vrajldurl


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Onsld aeTbl Kdkat‛s Gukdl ta _aolrt‛s _ucls ai Ardlr

oy nejy Zyc!lstlr" @N" V#V" JVV$T


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Wby tbks ks k`partnet

• @ast ja``aecy usld systl` ai VV• Jaetnkes ncc tbl jarl prkejkpcls

-Wkcc prlpnrl yau iar atblr slttkegs uskeg VV• [au nrl n clndlr blrl tadny, tbks wkcc

blcp prlpnrl yau iar clndkeg ta`arrawns wlcc.

• Heawkeg tbks jne blcp prlvlet cnwsukts! Kdkat‛s Gukdl p""#


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Wby kt `nttlrs

☌ –@lòlrs ai eae-praikt nssajkntkaes nrlletktcld ta dul prajlss oliarl olkeg rlàvldira` `lòlrsbkp.‐

☌ Zblr`ne v. Gcnss Jkty Zkegcls, ?667 Abka


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Wby tbks `nttlrs=☌ –Wl ngrll . . . tbnt n `l`olr wba ne nssajkntkae

sllhs ta lxplc ks letktcld ta dul prajlss nedenturnc mustkjl wbkjb rlqukrls rlnsaenocl eatkjlned blnrkeg wktb tbl appartuekt ta dliled tbljbnrgls. !aurts wkcc ketlrvlel wblrl n dlekncai sn`l bns ajjurrld ke tbl lxpucskae ai n`l`olr ai ne nssajkntkae argnek"ld iar

sajknc purpasls.‐#n v. $edlrsae %kccs& '() *+ ,d '


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Noaut @l=%&e atblr wards" wby sbaucd & ckstle ta yau'() *n!l slr!ld sl!lrnc ar+nek,ntkaes ke jaccl+l ned

bk+b sjbaac" kejcudke+ ae tbl sjbaac oanrd durke+bk+b sjbaac) Vasktkaes rne+l -ra` `l`olr ta rlskdlet) N` jurrletcy slr!ke+ ns nrckn`letnrkne -ar tbl T@JCZ

Ztudlet Onr Nssajkntkae) Ol+ne studyke+ VV ke / tb +rndl) Ja` ltld ae VV tln` ke 6 tb +rndl) Ztudkld VV tbrau+b >. ?ksjaeske") @l`olr a- ntkaenc Nssajkntkae a- Vnrckn`letnrknes"

) ?bkjb ncc l:uncs . . .


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☌ $lspljt iar tbl rkgbts ai%☌ &bl @n'arkty,☌ &bl @kearkty, lspljknccy n straeg `kearkty

( grlntlr tbne ael-tbkrd,☌ ai )edkvkdunc @l`*lrs,☌ ai +*sletlls, ned☌ ai +cc &blsl &agltblr.

☌ ra` $a $, " tb ld., /6>))



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☌ #ucl oy tbl @n4arkty☌ #k+bts a- tbl @kearkty☌ Jaurtlsy ta Ncc

☌


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ppcykeg tblsl prkejkpcls, wl jne dldujl`ast ai tbl rucls iar tbl vnrkaus `atkaes.

(Wl wkcc ja`l onjh ta tbks cntlr.)

_\CL O[ TBL @NMA_KT[_KGBTZ AI TBL

@KEA_KT[JA\_TLZ[ TA NCC

AEL TBKEG NT N TK@L


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Blery @nrtye _aolrt (>2:7 ‚ >;?:)–Wblrl tblrl ks ea cnw, o t l!lry `ne "als wbnt ks rk#bt ke bks awe

lyls, tblrl ks tbl clnst a$ ckolrty%&☌ ?ns n +lelrnc durke+ tbl jk!kc wnr ke tbl >.Z. Nr`y.☌ &e ast$wnr asts" bl oljn`l ke!ac!ld ke sl!lrnc

sajkltkls" out tblrl wns n dlnrtb a- ke-ar`ntkae noautbaw ta jaedujt n sajklty" ar kts `lltke+s.

☌ @ujb a- tbl l7kstke+ ke-ar`ntkae wns jae-ckjtke+" nedla cl a-tle orau+bt tbl rnjtkjls a- tblkr acd cajncls

wktb tbl`" wbkjb jrlntld `arl jae-ckjt.☌ *l rlslnrjbld 2e+cksb Ja``ae Cnw" ned rlnd

!nrkaus `neuncs" kejcudke+ ael wrkttle oy VrlskdletMl--lrsae. *l -kenccy onsld bks rucls ae tbl *ausl a-#l rlsletntk!ls; rucls.


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Ja``kttlls % Wblrl tbl war? glts dael' :udglt 4 kenejl' +jndl`kjs' )etrn`urncs' Vu*ckj $lcntkaes'


94/162

Ja``kttlls %Wblrl tbl war? glts dael

' :udglt 4 kenejl' +jndl`kjs

' )etrn`urncs' Vu*ckj $lcntkaes

'


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r#nek ntkaes nrl *a!lrel" oy=>) \.Z. Jaestktutkae

?) Ildlrnc Cnws:) Ztntl jaestktutkae4) Ztntl Ztntutls

n) Nrtkjcls ai Kejarparntkae

) !a"lreke# $aju%lets ai &nrlet 'r#nek(ntkae

) '*!N+K,N-K'+ Z J'+Z-K-\-K'+ '* O/CN6Z) Zpljknc *ucls ai 'rdlr Ndaptld y t l &nrlet

'r#nek(ntkae

) &N*CKN


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+ ar `❞ l$n ct= @n-arkty a$`l`olrs letktcl" ta

!atl' Wby. Wbk/b 6rke/k6cls

n66cy.❞ Wktba t ar `, n

#ra 6 `ny=❞ k tbl tk`l ta wbk/b ta n"-a re4

(slt tk`l $ar tbl el t `lltke#)❞


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bl k$l a$ n @atkae

&blrl nrl O stlps ke prajlsskeg ne kdlnketa n graups iar`nc dljkskae%"# @n?keg tbl @atkae

# atlO#+eeauejl`let ai >atl


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Wktb"rnwnc a$ n @atkae☌ /6& au must `ndl n àtkae tbnt au tbkeh wkcc quncki au iar

`lòlrsbkp ke tbl >ejarparntld ?ajklt ai :aaiussls 4ektld ? :4@#.7 2au wksb au bnde;t dael tbnt& outeaw wbnt jne au da= >s tblrl ne wn ta prlvlet aurslci iraòlkeg kedujtld ta >? :4@#=

☌ 2ls& au jne nsh plr`ksskae ta wktbdrnw tbl àtkae.☌ >i au rlqulst plr`ksskae oliarl tbl jbnkr rlstntls tbl àtkae&

tble& oljnusl kt ks stkcc aur àtkae& au jne wktbdrnw kt.☌ >i au rlqulst plr`ksskae nitlr tbl jbnkr rlstntls tbl àtkae& tble&

oljnusl kt eaw olcaegs ta tbl nsslòc & au jneeat nuta`ntkjncc

wktbdrnw kt.☌ #ut& au jne nsh plr`ksskae ira` tbl nsslòc ta wktbdrnw. >t ks usuncc

nccawld o glelrnc jaeslet& out& ki elldld jne ol dael wktb n sk`pcl`nmarkt vatl.


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bl k$l a$ n @atkae= 8tl6 >= @n9ke# tbl @atkae+itlr rljagektkae *y tbl jbnkr,

) àvl ta !tbnt# . . . .☌ :l Vrljksl G wards `nttlr, 4 wl1rl cnwylrs☌ +grll wktb yaur àtkae G ael jneeat spln?

ngnkest ael1s awe àtkae☌ Vbrnsl àtkaes ke pasktkvl tlr`s G n

elgntkvl àtkae `ny rl0ukrl vatkeg eny tangrll wktb tbl kdln, ned tbks ks jaeiuskeg

☌ Vut kt ke Wrktkeg


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bl k$l a$ n @atkae= 8tl6 := 3bnkr _lstntls tbl @atkae☌ :liarl $lstntkeg%☌ &bl àtkae *lcaegs ta tbl @n?lr☌ @atkae `ny *l àdkikld ar wktbdrnwe *y tbl

@n?lr☌ +eatblr `l`*lr `ny sugglst n àdkikjntkae

!sa-jnccld Firkledcy n`led`letN#☌ +itlr $lstntkeg%☌ &bl àtkae *lcaegs ta tbl graup☌ @ny aecy *l n`ledld☌ Wktbdrnwnc rl0ukrls jaeslet ai tbl graup


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Tbl 9rkledcy8 N`led`let☌ 8bl `nhlr ai n àtkae awes

tbl àtkae uetkc kt ks rlstntldo tbl jbnkr. $t tbnt paket kt ks–gkvle‐ ta tbl nsslòc .

☌ 8ljbekjncc & neatblr `lòlr jnesugglst n àdkikjntkae oliarl tbkstk`l& out tbnt ks aitle prnjtkjncck`passkocl.

☌ 8bus& kt ks olst must tajaeskdlr tbl –irkledc ‐n`led`let ta ol njrlnturl ai ` tb.


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bl k$l a$ n @atkae= 8tl6 0= lontl=linuct% 9njb `l`*lr `ny spln? twkjl plr 0ulstkae plr dny7 lvlry `l`*lr

glts n jbnejl ta spln? aejl *liarl neyael spln?s twkjl7 " `ke `nB.

$l`nr?s sbaucd *l%☌ =krljtld ta tbl jbnkr☌ Jaeikeld ta tbl sjapl ai tbl àtkae☌ 3lr`nel% Jaeikeld ta tbl `lrkts ai tbl àtkae☌ Jaeikeld ta tbl àtkae )@@9=)+&96[ pledkeg☌ lvlr nttnj? neatblr `l`*lr1s àtkvls☌ +vakd uskeg @l`*lr1s en`ls

☌ &bl Jbnkr sbaucd rlcke0uksb tbl jbnkr ke ardlr ta dl*ntl☌ Wbkjb prkejkpcls nppcyK


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bl k$l a$ n @atkae= 8tl6 5= 1 ttke# tbl + lstkae F Natke#☌ >akjl vatl☌ =kvkskae ai tbl +ssl`*cy G usld wble n

`l`*lr tbke?s tbl rlsuct ai tbl vatl kskejarrljt7 rl0ukrls ea sljaed

☌ Jaeslet ! sckdls nblnd#☌ +*stletkaes 2& ke ardlr☌ 9iiljt% uejauetld vatl !vakjl, jaeslet#

☌ 9iiljt% jauetld vatl !rkskeg, sbaw ai bneds#☌ Jbnkr vatls ta `n?l ar *rln? n tkl


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- l *ne=ke# 4. >. Ikx tbl Tk`l ta Wbkjb ta Ndmaure Vrkvkclgld@atkaes>:. ?. Ndmaure

>?. :. _ljlss>>. 4. _nksl n ̂ ulstkae a !rk"kcl#l>$. %. &ncc ar tbl Ardlrs a tbl 'n(

). *. +n( ae tbl Tn,cl Zuoskdknry@atkaes-. . !rl"kaus ̂ ulstkae

. -. +k`kt ar /xtled +k`kts a 'l,ntl*. ). !ast6ael ta n &lrtnke Tk`l

%. >$. &a``kt ar _l lr4. >>. Zljaednry N`led`let:. >?. N`led?. >:. !ast6ael edl kektlc(


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@nke @atkae☌ _lsacutkaes 1 n inej t pl ai `nke àtkae☌ Wblrlns . . . F tbks ks jnccld tbl prlnòcl& kt ks tbl kedujl`let& ar rlnsae iar

tbl rlsacutkaeN☌ 8blrliarl& ol kt 5lsacvld tbnt . . . Frlsacutkae& tbl njtkae ta ol tnhleN☌ Eatkjl 1 sk`kcnr ta tbl jkvkc prajldurl jaejlpt ☌ *atkjl jne ol gkvle arncc & ueclss o cnws rlqukrl wrktkeg☌ *atkjl jne ketlrrupt n splnhlr& ki eljlssnr & ned jne lvle

ol gkvle nitlr `lltkeg ks ndmaureld☌ @ust kedkjntl tbl lxnjt enturl ai tbl àtkae ned kts

passkocl rnegl. >i tbl ̀ atkae pnssld lxjllds tbl sjaplai eatkjl& tble kt ks kevnckd.


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@nke @atkae= _ cls

☌ F) `avl ta . . .N ☌ F) `avl tbnt . . .N

?ljaed *lldld= 2ls


0atl= @nmarkt


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8 osk"knry @atkaes

☌ F$sskst tbl nssl`oc ke trlntkeg ar dkspaskeg ai n`nke `atkae.‐ - 5a*5 pg OJ

☌ Dastpael >edlikektlc☌ $`led☌ !a``kt ar 5lilr☌ Dastpael :likektlc

☌ Lk`kt& ar +xtled Lk`kts& ai :lontl☌ Drlvkaus Iulstkae☌ Ln ae tbl 8nocl


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1ast6ael Je"l$kektlcy☌ 4sld ta dkspasl ai ne uewksl

àtkae wktbaut tnhkeg n vatlae kt.

☌ +.g.1 –> àvl ta daentl G &JJJ tatbl bac ardlr ai *n"k *ues.‐☌ $ppravnc B okgatr☌ :ksnppravnc B bntkeg eues

☌ # kedlikektl pastpael`let&tbks àtkae gals nwnwktbaut lvlr olkeg dkrljtcvatld upae.

☌ >i tbks pnssls& tble tbl`nke àtkae ks elvlrvatld upae.

☌ Ztrntlgy 1tbks àtkae jneol usld ta tlst aur skdlsstrlegtb iar dlilntkeg nàtkae. >i kt inkcs& tble auncsa heaw au dae;t bnvltbl strlegtb ta prlvlet

tbl jurrlet àtkae ira`pnsskeg .


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1ast6ael Je"l$kektlcy

?ljaed *lldld= 2ls:lontnocl = 2ls& jne ga keta tbl ̀ lrkt ai tbl

`nke àtkae

$`lednocl= *a0atl= @nmarkt

☌ –> àvl ta pastpael 9tbks àtkae7 kedlikektlc .‐


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3a``kt ar _l$lr ☌ ?leds tbl àtkae ta n ja``kttll iar iurtblr

lxpcarntkae ned plriljtkae☌ >i tblrl ks n stnedkeg ja``kttll ta bnedcl tbl

àtkae& tble kt ùst ol rlilrrld ta tbntja``kttll.

☌ ?pljknc ja``kttll sbaucd kejcudl1☌ *uòlr ai `lòlrs&☌

%aw slcljtld☌ >estrujtkaes☌ ?japl ai Dawlr1 glt keiar`ntkae& ar njt=


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3a``kt ar _l$lr


0atl= @nmarkt

☌ –> àvl ta rlilr 9tbks àtkae7 ta tbl EEEEEEEEE ja``kttll.‐

☌ –> àvl ta rlilr tbl kssul ta n ja``kttll ai 9euòlr&7slcljtld o 9baw jbasle&7 ke ardlr ta 9kestrujtkaes7 wktbtbl pawlr ta 9sjapl.7‐


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1ast6ael ta n 3lrtnke k`l☌ 4sld ta dlcn njtkae ae n àtkae iar ne

euòlr ai rlnsaes1 elld ̀ arl keiar`ntkae& dae;tbnvl n hl plrsae iar tbl dlontl prlslet& ltj.

☌ !ne aec ol pastpaeld wktbke tbl jurrletslsskae

☌ !neeat ol usld ta hkcc tbl àtkae.☌ +.g.1 elld n dljkskae elxt wllh& jne;t pastpael iar n

àetb.


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1ast6ael ta n 3lrtnke k`l☌ –> `avl ta pastpael uetkc 9tbl tk`l ta tnhl tbks

`nttlr up ngnke.7‐


0atl= @nmarkt


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k`kt ar D tle" k`kts a$ lontl☌ !ne ol usld ta kejrlnsl ar dljrlnsl tbl nàuet

ai dlontl ae ne kssul.☌ !ne nppc ta nàuet ai tk`l tbl graup 9ar

`lòlr7 glts ta spled ae kssul& tbl euòlr aitk`ls `lòlrs glt ta splnh ae tbl kssul& ar neatblr rucl ai dlontl.

☌ !ne ol `ndl ta nppc ta ncc àtkaes ae tbl

cnddlr& ar aec ta ael ai tbl prljldlet àtkaes.☌ $`led`let1 jne ol n`ledld& out n`led`let jneeatol dlontld.


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k`kt ar D tle" k`kts a$ lontl☌ –> àvl ta lxtled tbl ck`kts ai dlontl‐ ned nccaw

?lentar ?`ktb ta neswlr qulstkaes ira` tbl nsslòc .☌ –> àvl ta ck`kt dlontl‐ ae tbks kssul ta

M`keutls. 9ki nppravld& dlontl leds 9ned tbl àtkaeks nuta`ntkjncc vatld ae7 ke M `keutls.7

?ljaed *lldld= 2ls

:lontnocl = */$`lednocl= 2ls

0atl= ,A)


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1rl!ka s + lstkae☌ @$2 led dlontl ae tbl àtkae.☌ :alse;t nuta`ntkjncc stap dlontl.☌ 8bks ks n àtkae& ned ùst ol vatld ae ktslci.

☌ @ust bnvl ,A) nppravnc.☌ !ne ol `ndl ta nppc ta ncc àtkaes nppc keg ta&

ned kejcudkeg& tbl `nke àtkae.☌ Wb dal tbks rlqukrl n ,A) vatl=☌ Wbkjb ai tbl ' prkejkpcls ks k`pckjntld=


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1rl!ka s + lstkae☌ –> àvl prlvkaus qulstkae.‐ ar&☌ –> àvl ta jcasl dlontl.‐☌ ?pljknc1 –> àvl prlvkaus qulstkae ae tbks ned ncc atblr

pledkeg àtkaes.‐☌ +iiljt1 ?taps dlontl ned n vatl ks tnhle ae lvlr àtkae ke

tbl ardlr ai prljldlejl uetkc tbl `nke àtkae ks dkspasld ai&ar uetkc tbl àtkae ai prlvkaus qulstkae ks dlilntld.

?ljaed *lldld= 2ls


0atl= ,A)


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ny ae tbl nocl☌ TL@VA_N_KC[ slts nskdl n `atkae ta dlnc wktb

neatblr `nttlr.☌ Ln ae tbl 8nocl C Dastpael >edlikektlc VVV☌ Wb =☌ Wbkjb prkejkpcls nppc blrl=

☌ 8nhls ncc n`led`lets ned atblr nppckjnocl`atkaes wktb kt ae ned aii tbl tnocl.

☌ Wbasl tnocl ks kt=


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ny ae tbl nocl☌ –> `avl ta cn tbl `atkae ae tbl tnocl.‐


0atl= @nmarkt


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1rk!kcl#l" @atkaes☌ :a */8 rlcntl ta

pledkeg ouskelss& outbnvl ta da wktb`nttlrs ai k``ldkntlk`partnejl wbkjb&wktbaut dlontl&sbaucd ol nccawld taketlrrupt tbljaeskdlrntkae aine tbkeg lcsl.

☌ !ncc iar /rdlrs ai tbl :n

☌ 5nksl n Iulstkae ai Drkvkclgl

☌ 5ljlss

☌ $dmaure

☌ 3kx 8k`l ta Wbkjb ta $dmaure


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3ncc $ar tbl r"lrs a$ tbl ny☌ 5lqulst ta rlture onjh ta tbl lstnocksbld

pragrn` ar ngledn.☌ *a sljaed rlqukrldV☌ 8bl graup `n jaetkeul dlontkeg aii tbl ngledn

o dlilntkeg tbks `atkae wktb n ,A) vatl ngnkest.☌ 8bks ks n ckttcl jaetrnr ta wbnt wl waucd lxpljt.☌ Wb ,A) ngnkest= Wbkjb prkejkpcls nppc =


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$iiljtkeg $sslòc☌ !aìart kssuls1 blntA$!

eat warhkeg^ ar☌ 5kgbts kssuls1 taa eaks

iar `lòlrs tablnr^

☌ 0atld ae o tbl nsslòc

Dlrsaenc Drkvkclgl☌ 5nrl ke àst slttkegs&

ja`àe ta ?#$.☌ Dlrsaenc kssuls1 skjh

jbkcd& elld ta clnvl lnrciar jcnss

☌ *at vatld ae < 5ucld otbl jbnkr.

☌ 4sld ta dlnc wktb ne kssul jaejlrekeg tbl rkgbts ai tbl `lòlrs.☌ @n ketlrrupt& ki wnrrnetld


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_nksl n + lstkae a$ 1rk!kcl#l☌ –> rksl ta n qulstkae ai prkvkclgl.‐ 98bl jbnkr wkcc

nsh au ta stntl aur qulstkae.☌ 5ucls olcaw nrl iar tbl `atkae vlrskae

>etlrrupt= 2ls& ki nppraprkntl

?ljaed *lldld= 2ls

:lontnocl = 2ls

$`lednocl= 2ls

0atl= @nmarkt


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_l/lss☌ $ orkli ketlr`ksskae tnhle o tbl nssl`oc☌ ?trltjb clgs& glt irlsb nkr& usl rlstraa`& ar must ta

tnhl n orlnh ira` ne kssul tbnt ks glttkegjaetletkaus.

☌ $`led`lets jne aec jbnegl tbl clegtb ai tk`l tarljlss.


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_l/lss☌ –> `avl iar n 9tk`l7 rljlss.‐

?ljaed *lldld= 2ls

:lontnocl = 2ls$`lednocl= 2ls& out aec tbl n`auet ai tk`l

0atl= @nmarkt


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Je/k"letnc @atkaes☌ –:lnc wktb

qulstkaes aiprajldurlnrkskeg aut ai9 7 . . . $eatblrpledkeg àtkae . .. 9,7 neatblràtkae ar ktl` aiouskelss tbnt ksdlskrld taketradujl . . . ar

bns must ollepledkeg.‐- 5a*5 pg OO c - ,(

☌ Daket ai /rdlr☌ $pplnc 9tbl dljkskae ai tbl jbnkr7☌ ?uspled tbl 5ucls☌ /omljtkae ta !aeskdlrntkae ai tbl Iulstkae☌ :kvkskae ai n Iulstkae☌ !aeskdlrntkae o Dnrngrnpb& ar ?lrkntk`☌ :kvkskae ai tbl $sslòc☌ 0atkegADacckeg @atkaes☌ *a`kentkae @atkaes☌ 5lqulst ta ol lxjusld ira` n dut☌ 5lqulst >equkrkls1

☌ Dnrckn`letnr >equkr☌ +tj.


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1aket a$ r"lr ☌ $ppckls wble ne rucl ai tbl nsslòc ks olkeg

vkacntld. 93ra` tbl stnedkeg rucls& ta tbl 4.?.!aestktutkaeVVV7 +xn`pcls1

☌ >edljaru`1 plrsaenc nttnjhs& n`led`lets eatglr`nel ta tbl àtkae& ltj.

☌ Drajldurnc1 nttl`ptkeg ta dlontl tbl àtkae ta leddlontl

☌ 8bl !bnkr rucls& out sbl `n & nt blr dksjrltkae& turekt avlr ta tbl nsslòc .

☌ 8k`lc & ùst ol `ndl k``ldkntlc nitlr tbl orlnjb.


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1aket a$ r"lr ☌ –> rksl ta n paket ai ardlr&‐ ar –Daket ai ardlr.‐☌ 8bl jbnkr wkcc nsh au ta stntl aur paket.☌ 2au dae;t bnvl ta usl pnrckn`letnr mnrgae ta

stntl aur paket.

?ljaed *lldld= */:lontnocl = */$`lednocl= */

0atl= 5ucld o tbl !bnkr


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o-l/t ta tbl 3aesk"lrntkaea$ n + lstkae

☌ 4sld ta prlvlet jaeskdlrntkae ai n `atkae tbnt kskrrlclvnet& n wnstl ai tk`l& ol aed tbl sjapl aitbl argnek"ntkae& ar jaetletkaus.

☌ @ust ol `ndl oliarl dksjusskae bns olgue&atblrwksl ks aut ai ardlr . 9Ztrntlgy 1 ki tbks inkcs& usldlontl ta sbaw kt ks n ond kdln& tble usl pastpaelkedlikektlc .7

☌ >e ardlr ta sustnke tbl aomljtkae 9ned eat jaeskdlr7& ktrlqukrls n ,A) vatl ke tbl elgntkvl& ar

☌ 8a avlrrkdl ned jaeskdlr tbl qulstkae& rlqukrls `arltbne A) vatl.


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o-l/t ta tbl 3aesk"lrntkae a$ n+ lstkae☌ –> aomljt ta jaeskdlrntkae.‐

?ljaed *lldld= */:lontnocl = */$`lednocl= */

0atl= ,A) $gnkest


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8 s6le" tbl _ cls☌ 4sld wble tbl graup wnets ta da sa`ltbkeg tbnt kt

jneeat da wktbaut vkacntkeg kts rucls.☌ !ne aec suspled pnrckn`letnr stnedkeg rucls☌ !$**/8 suspled tbl o cnws ar noavl& sll sckdl M.☌ !$**/8 suspled rucls tbnt pratljt `l`olr rkgbts.☌ >ejcudl lktblr tbl rucl ta ol suspledld& ar tbl aomljt

9ganc7ai suspleskae.☌ ,A) vatl1 $e pnrckn`letnr rucl ai ardlr 9eat nccaw

dlontl& ketlrilrl wktb tbl rkgbts ai n `l`olr=7☌ @nmarkt 1 $e gukdlckel iar jaedujtkeg ouskelss 9jbnegl

tbl ngledn& tk`l wble tbl `lltkeg olgkes& ltj.7


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8 s6le" tbl _ cls☌ –> àvl ta suspled tbl rucls Fkedkjntl lktblr tbl

rucl ta ol suspledld& ar wbnt au wnet ta da tbntjne;t ol dael o tbl rucls.N‐

☌ !ne ol `ndl wble neatblr àtkae ks pledkeg& out ùstnppc ta tbnt àtkae.


0atl= @nmarkt ar ,A)


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k!kskae a$ tbl


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k!kskae a$ tbl + lstkae☌ –> `avl ta dkvkdl tbl qulstkae 9stntl baw au

wnet tbl qulstkae spckt up.7‐

?ljaed *lldld= 2ls

:lontnocl = */

$`lednocl= 2ls & aec ae baw ta dkvkdl tbl qulstkae.

0atl= @nmarkt


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1aket a$ Je$ar`ntkae☌ 5lqulst iar suostnetkvl keiar`ntkae noaut tbl

kssul nt bned.☌ 4sl wble tblrl ks sa`l hl keiar`ntkae tbnt au

elld ta `nhl n dljkskae& out bnse;t olle stntld.☌ >s dkrljtld ta tbl jbnkr. 8bl jbnkr lktblr neswlrs



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1aket a$ 1nrckn`letnry Je kry☌ 5lqulst iar prajldurnc keiar`ntkae noaut tbl

wn tbl kssul nt bned ks ta ol bnedcld.☌ 4sl wble au nrl uesurl noaut baw ta bnedcl ne

kssul.☌ >s dkrljtld ta tbl jbnkr. 8bl jbnkr lktblr neswlrs



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bl –Lrke# Ln/9& @atkaes☌ $e nsslòc jneeat ol nshld ta

dljkdl tbl sn`l kssul twkjldurkeg tbl sn`l slsskae.

☌ $ àtkae tbnt jaeickjts wktb nàtkae lktblr ncrlnd dljkdldupae& ar wktbke tbl graups nokcktta dljkdl& ks eat ke ardlr.

☌ $s ja`àe ns ne 35!D , 9l719rlqulst iar n àrl dlikektl stntl`let7àtkae .

☌ 9rl`lòlr senhls ke >rlcned=7

☌ 5lsjked☌ $`led ?a`ltbkeg

Drlvkausc$daptld

☌ 8nhl ira` tbl8nocl

☌ 5ljaeskdlr


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_ls/ke"☌ $.6.$.1 5lplnc ar $eeuc☌ ?trkhls aut ne letkrl `nke àtkae& rlsacutkae& rucl&

o cnw& sljtkae& ar pnrngrnpb tbnt bns olle prlvkauscndaptld nt sa`l prlvkaus tk`l. - 5a*5 p. , ' c. M-(

☌ 0atl1 lktblr 9n7 ,A)& 9o7 `nmarkt ki praplr eatkjl bns olle gkvl& ar9j7`nmarkt ai tbl letkrl `lòlrsbkp& wbkjblvlr ks àst prnjtkjnc.

☌ !$**/8 5lsjked ne vatl wblrl njtkae bns olle tnhleke rlcknejl upae tbl vatl& ks taa cntl ta ueda tbl vatl& artbnt jne stkcc ol njtld upae o tbl àtkae ta rljaeskdlr.

☌ >ejcudls jaetrnjts& rlskgentkae& lxpucskae ned lcljtkae ta`lòlrsbkp9ki tbl plrsae wns prlslet ar eatkikld7


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_ls/ke"☌ –> àvl ta rlsjked tbl 9kedkjntl tbl àtkae.7‐☌ Wkcc aitle elld tbl suomljt ai tbl àtkae& ned tbl

dntl kt wns ndaptld ta kedkjntl kt.

?ljaed *lldld= 2ls


0atl= ,A)& ar ̀ nmarkt wktb eatkjl


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n9l ra` tbl nocl☌ 8bl jauetlrpnrt ta Ln ae tbl 8nocl.☌ 8bl àtkae ùst ol tnhle ira` tbl tnocl oliarl

tbl led ai tbl elxt rlgucnrc sjblducld ̀ lltkeg 9kikt;s wktbke n qunrtlrc ketlrvnc&7atblrwksl kt inccs aii tbl tnocl.

☌ >i tbl àtkae inccs aii tbl tnocl& kt jne ol rl`ndl ns ki ktwlrl elvlr `ndl ira` tbl stnrt.

☌ 8bl àtkae orkegs wktb kt ne n`led`lets tnhle ta tbltnocl.

☌ :lontl rlstrkjtkaes stkcc nppc & sa ki ael bns lxbnustlddlontl ae tbl àtkae& kt waucd ol strntlgkj ta wnkt uetkctbl elxt `lltkeg ta tnhl kt aii tbl tnocl.


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n9l ra` tbl nocl☌ –> àvl ta tnhl tbl àtkae 9kedkjntl tbl àtkae7

ira` tbl tnocl.‐

?ljaed *lldld= 2ls


0atl= @nmarkt


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_l/aesk"lr ☌ $daptkae ai n àtkae ta rljaeskdlr noragntls tbl

vatl ae tbl àtkae& ned orkegs kt onjh ta tblnsslòc ns kt wns must oliarl tbl vatl wns tnhle.

☌ !ne aec ol `ndl o n `lòlr wba vatld ae tblprlvnkckeg skdl. 9!ne au lxpcnke wb =7

☌ !ne kejcudl tbnt tbl dksjusskae 9rljaeskdlrntkae7 ajjur nt n cntlr tk`l.

☌ !ne ol `ndl aec nt tbl sn`l ar elxt `lltkegwbkjb tbl arkgkenc vatl wns tnhle.

☌ !$**/8 5ljaeskdlr1 taa `ne ta ckst& jaesuct5a*5


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_l/aesk"lr ☌ –> àvl ta rljaeskdlr tbl vatl ae 9kedkjntl tbl

àtkae.7‐☌ –$ àtkae ai $`lrkjne /rkgke‐ 5/*5 )J'☌ !ne aec ol `ndl o sa`lael wba vatld ae tbl

prlvnkckeg skdl.?ljaed= 2ls

:lontl = /ec ki tbl àtkae ta ol rljaeskdlrld wns dlontnocl.

$`led= */

0atl= @nmarkt


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T*N 3 0–>i tbl aec prn lr au lvlr sn ke aur ckil ks _tbneh

au&; tbnt wkcc suiikjl.‐- @lkstlr +jhbnrt

8bks prlsletntkae olgne ns ne kdln noaut iaur `aetbs nga. >olgne warhkeg ae kt avlr tbl cnst tlr` orlnh& ned dkde;t rlnck"lbaw `ujb > bnd okttle aii. 98bks wns rlncc drkvle ba`l wble >cast ' baurs ai warh.7

> bapl tbnt kt blcps au ned aur argnek"ntkae.

understanding parliamentary procedure

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