Understanding

Digital Systems

Praveen Dias BScEng(hons) AMIE(SL) MIEEE

What are Digital Systems

Measurements

• Measurement of a physical attribute

• Measurement Tools – A Value and the Unit

Measuring Weight

• The weight can be any value in a possible continuous range

Exciting a Hydrogen Atom

Measuring IQ

• IQ MCQ Paper to a group of students

100 - 75 A

75 - 65 B

65 - 55 C

…. ….

Discrete Levels

Continuous SystemsMeasured Physical Attribute –Continuous ValuesScale with the box

Discrete SystemsMeasured Physical Attribute –Discrete ValuesOutput of the hydrogen atomIQ Results

Numeral Systems

• Base-2 numeral system

• Represents numeric values using two symbols

• Decimal System: Base-10 numeral system - 10 Symbols

• 200 – 2 Symbols

• 1256 – 4 Symbols

• Values and Symbols – Communicating the Value through Symbols

Binary Digital Systems

• Base-2 numeral system is being used here

0101101100111

• A voltage level in a point in the circuit represents the symbol corresponding to a value.

Layered Model

• Ex. Filling a water tank with 2 pipes.

Inflow 1

Inflow 2

System Layer

Numeral Layer

Physical Layer

Transistor

• The Quantifier

• The Switch

• The AD Converter

Other Digital Systems

• Ternary Digital Systems

• What are the available components

Digital Systems

• Measurements

• Continuous and discrete systems

• Numeral Systems

• Layered Architecture

• Transistor / Other possible Devices/Systems

Questions

Thank You!