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C H A R T E R O F T H E U N IT E D N A T IO N S

A N D

S T A T U T E O F T H E

I N T E R N A T I O N A L C O U R T O F JU S T I C E

SA N FR NCISCO • 1 9 4 5

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C H A R T E R O F T H E U N I T ED N A T IO N S

W E T H E P E O P L E S O F T H E U N I T E D N A T I O N SD E T E R M I N E D

to save succeeding gene rations from the scourge of war, which twice in our life-time has brought untold sorrow to mankind, and

to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of thehuman person, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large andsmall, and

to establish conditions und er which justice and respec t for the ob ligations arising

from treaties and othe r sources of internationa l law can be ma intained, a ndto promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom,

A N D F O R T H E S E E N D S

to practice tolerance and live together in peace with one another as goodneighbors, and

to unite our strength to maintain international peace and security, and

to ensure, by the acceptance of principles and the institution of methods, that

armed force shall not be used, save in the common interest, and

to employ international machinery for the promotion of the economic and socialadvancement of all peoples,

H A V E R E S O L V E D T O C O M B I N E O U R E F F O R T S

T O A C C O M P L I S H T H E S E A I M S .

Accordingly, our respective Governments, through representatives assembled inthe city of S an F rancisco, who have exhibited their full powers found to b e in goodand due form, have agreed to the present Charter of the United Nations and dohereby establish an internationa l organization to be known as the U nited N ations.

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Article 4

1. Membership in the U nited N ations is opento all other peace-loving states which accept theobligations contained in the present C harter an d,in the judgment of the O rganization, are able and

willing to carry out these obligations.2. T he admission of any such state to mem-bership in the U nited N ations will be effected by adecision of the G eneral A ssembly upon the recom-mendation of the Security Council.

Article 5 /

A Member of the U nited N ations against whichpreventive or enforcement action has been takenby the Security Council may be suspended fromthe exercise of the rights and privileges of mem-bership by the G eneral Assembly upon th e recom-mendation of the Security C ouncil. T he exerciseof these rights and privileges may be restored bythe S ecurity C ouncil.

Article 6

A Member of the U nited N ations which haspersistently violated the Principles contained inthe present Charter may be expelled from theOrganization by the General Assembly upon therecommendation of the Security Council.

C H A P T E R IIIO R G A N S

Article 7

1. T here are established as the principal or-gans of the U nited N ations: a General Assem-

bly, a Security Council, an Economic and SocialCouncil, a Trusteeship Council, an InternationalCourt of Justice, and a Secretariat.

2. S uch subsidiary organs as may be foundnecessary may be established in accordance withthe present Charter.

Article 8

The United Nations shall place no restrictionson the eligibility of men and women to participatein any capacity and under conditions of equalityin-its principal and subsidiary o rgans.

C H A P T E R IVT H E G E N E R A L A S S E M B L Y

Composition

Article 9

1. T he General A ssembly shall consist of althe Members of the U nited N ations.

2. E ach Member shall have not more than fiverepresentatives in the General Assembly.

Functions and P owers

Article 10

The General Assembly may discuss any ques-tions or any m atters within the scope of the presentC harter or relating to the powers and functions ofany organs provided for in the present Charterand, except as provided in Article 12, may makerecommendations to the Members of the UnitedN ations or to the S ecurity C ouncil or to both onany such questions or matters.

Article 11

1. The General Assembly may consider thgeneral principles of cooperation in the maintenance of international peace and security, including the principles governing disarmament and theregulation of armaments, and may make recommendations with regard to such principles to the

Members or to the Security Council or to both2. The General Assembly may discuss an

questions relating to the maintenance of international peace and security brought before it byany Member of the U nited N ations, or by thSecurity Council, or by a state which is not

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Member of the U nited N ations in accordance withA rticle 3 5 , paragraph 2 , and, except as providedin Article 12, may make recommendations withregard to any such questions to the sta te or statesconcerned or to the Security Council or to both.Any such question on which action is necessaryshall be referred to the Security Council by the

General Assembly either before or after dis-cussion.

3 . T he General A ssembly may call the atten-tion of the Security Council to situations whichare likely to endanger international peace andsecurity.

4 . The powers of the General Assembly setforth in this Article shall not limit the generalscope of Article 10.

Article 121. W hile the S ecurity C ouncil is exercising in

respect of any dispute or situation the functionsassigned to it in the present Charter, the GeneralAssembly shall not make any recommendationwith regard to that dispute or situation unless theS ecurity C ouncil so requests.

2 . T he S ecretary-General, with the consent ofthe Security Council, shall notify the GeneralAssembly at each session of any matters relative

to the maintenance of international peace andsecurity which are being dealt with by the S ecurityCouncil and shall similarly notify the GeneralA ssembly, or the Members of the U nited N ationsif the General A ssembly is not in session, immedi-ately the S ecurity C ouncil ceases to deal with suchmatters.

Article 13

1. T he General A ssembly shall initiate studies

and make recommendations for the purpose of :a. promoting international cooperation inthe political field and encouraging th e progres-sive development of international law and itscodification;

b . promoting international cooperation inthe economic, social, cultur al, educational, andhealth fields, and assisting in the realization ofhuman rights and fundamental freedoms forall without distinction as to race, sex, language,or religion.

2 . T he further responsibilities, functions, and

powers of the General Assembly with respect tomatters mentioned in paragraph l(b) above areset forth in Chapters IX and X.

Article 14

S ubject to the provisions of A rticle 1 2 , theGeneral Assembly may recommend measures forthe peaceful adjustment of any situation, regard-less of origin, which it deems likely to impair thegeneral welfare or friendly relations among na-

tions, including situations resulting from a viola-tion of th e provisions of th e present C harter settingforth the Purposes and Principles of the UnitedNations.

Article 15

1. The General Assembly shall receive andconsider annual and special reports from the Se-curity Council; these reports shall include anaccount of the measures that the S ecurity C ouncilhas decided upon or taken to maintain interna-

tional peace and security.2 . The General Assembly shall receive and

consider reports from the other organs of theUnited Nations.

Article 16

The General Assembly shall perform suchfunctions with respect to the international trus-teeship system as are assigned to it under Chap-ters XII and XIII, including the approval of the

trusteeship agreements for areas not designatedas strategic.Article 17

1. The General Assembly shall consider andapprove the budget of the O rganization.

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2 . The expenses of the Organization shall beborne by the Members as apportioned by theGeneral Assembly.

3 . The General Assembly shall consider andapprove any financial and budgetary arrange-ments with specialized agencies referred to inA rticle 57 and shall examine the adm inistra-

tive budgets of such specialized agencies with aview to making recommendations to the agenciesconcerned.

Voting

Article 18

1. Each member of the General Assemblyshall have one vote.

2 . D ecisions of the General A ssembly on im-portant questions shall be made by a two-thirds

majority of the members present and voting.These questions shall include: recommendationswith respect to the maintenance of internationalpeace and security, the election of the non -perma-nent members of the Security Council, the elec-tion of the members of the Economic and SocialCouncil, the election of members of the Trustee-ship Council in accordance with paragraph l(c)of A rticle 86, the admission of new Members tothe United Nations, the suspension of the rightsand privileges of membership, the expulsion of

Members, questions relating to the operation ofthe trusteeship system, and budgetary questions.

3 . D ecisions on other questions, including thedetermination of additional categories of ques-tions to be decided by a two-thirds majority, shallbe made by a majority of the members presentand voting.

Article 19

A Member of the U nited N ations which is in

arrears in the payment of its financial contribu-tions to the Organization shall have no vote inthe G eneral A ssembly if the am ount of its arrearsequals or exceeds the am ount of the contributions

due from it for the preceding two full years. TheGeneral A ssembly m ay, nevertheless, permit sucha Member to vote if it is satisfied that the failureto pay is due to conditions beyond the control ofthe Member.

Procedure

Article 20The General Assembly shall meet in regular

annual sessions and in such special sessions asoccasion may require. Special sessions shall beconvoked by the Secretary-General at the requestof the Security Council or of a majority of theMembers of the United Nations.

Article 21

T he G eneral Assembly shall adopt its own rules

of procedure. It shall elect its President for eachsession.

Article 22

The General Assembly may establish suchsubsidiary organs as it deems necessary for theperformance of its functions.

C H A P T E R V

T H E S E C U R I T Y C O U N C I LComposition

Article 23

1. T he S ecurity C ouncil shall consist of elevenMembers of the U nited N ations. T he R epublicof China, France, the Union of Soviet SocialistRepublics, the United Kingdom of Great Britainand N orthern I reland, and the U nited S tates ofAmerica shall be permanent members of theSecurity Council. The General Assembly shall

elect six other M embers of the U nited N ations tobe non-permanent members of the S ecurity Coun-cil, due regard being specially paid, in the firstinstance to the contribution of Members of the

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United Nations to the maintenance of interna-tional peace and security and to the other pur-poses of the Organization, and also to equitablegeographical distribution.

2 . The non-permanent members of the Se-curity Council shall be elected for a term of two

years. In the first election of the non-permanentmembers, however, three shall be chosen for aterm of one year. A retiring member shall not beeligible for immediate re-election.

3 . E ach member of the S ecurity C ouncil shallhave one representative.

Functions and P owers

Article 24

1. In order to ensure prompt and effectiveaction by the U nited N ations, its Members conferon the Security Council primary responsibilityfor the maintenance of international peace andsecurity, and agree that in carrying out its dutiesunder this responsibility the S ecurity C ouncil actson their behalf.

2 . In discharging these duties the SecurityC ouncil shall act in accordance with the Purposesand Principles of the U nited N ations. T he specificpowers granted to the Security Council for thedischarge of these duties are laid down in C hapters

VI , V I I , V I I I , an d X I I .3 . The Security Council shall submit annual

and, when necessary, special reports to the Gen-eral Assembly for its consideration.

Article 25

The Members of the United Nations agree toaccept and carry out th e decisions of the S ecurityCouncil in accordance with the present Charter.

Article 26In order to promote the establishment and

maintenance of international peace and securitywith the least diversion for armaments of theworld's human and economic resources, the Se-

curity Council shall be responsible for formulat-ing, with the assistance of the Military Staff Com-mittee referred to in A rticle 47 , plans to be sub-mitted to the Members of the U nited N ations forthe establishment of a system for the regulation of armaments.

Voting

Article 27

1. E ach member of the S ecurity Council shallhave one vote.

2 . Decisions of the Security Council on pro-cedural matters shall be made by an affirmativevote of seven members.

3 . Decisions of the Security Council on allother m atters sh all be made by an affirmative voteof seven members including the concurring votesof the p erma nent m embers ; provided tha t, in deci-sions under Chapter VI, and under paragraph 3of A rticle 52 , a party to a dispute shall abstainfrom voting.

Procedure

Article

1. T he S ecurity C ouncil shall be so organizedas to be able to function continuously. Eachmember of th e S ecurity C ouncil shall for this pur-

pose be represented at all times at the seat of theOrganization.

2 . The Security Council shall hold periodicmeetings at which each of its members may, if itso desires, be represented by a member of thegovernm ent or by some other specially designatedrepresentative.

3 . T he S ecurity Council may hold meetings asuch places other than the seat of the O rganizationas in its judgment will best facilitate its work.

Article 29

The Security Council may establish such sub-sidiary organs as it deems necessary for the per-formance of its functions.

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2 . If the S ecurity C ouncil deems that the con-tinuance of the d ispute is in fact likely to endangerthe maintenance of international peace and se-curity, it shall decide whether to take action unde rA rticle 3 6 or to recommend such terms of settle-ment as it may consider ap propriate.

Article 38

Without prejudice to the provisions of Articles3 3 to 3 7, the S ecurity C ouncil may, if all the par-ties to any dispute so request, make recommenda-tions to the parties with a view to a pacific settle-ment of the dispute.

C H A P T E R WA C T IO N W IT H R E S PE C T T O T H R E A T S T O

T H E P E A C E , BR E A C H E S O F T H E PE A C E ,

A N D A C T S O F A G GR E S SIO NArticle 39

T he S ecurity Council shall determine the exist-ence of any threat to the peace, breach of thepeace, or act of aggression and shall make recom-mendations, or decide what measures shall betaken in accordance with Articles 41 and 42, tomaintain or restore international peace and se-curity.

Article 40

In order to prevent a n aggravation of the situa-tion, the S ecurity C ouncil may, before making therecommendations o r deciding upon the measuresprovided for in Article 39, call upon the partiesconcerned to comply with such provisional meas-ures as it deems necessary or de sirable. Such pro-visional measures shall be w ithout prejudice to th erights , claims, or position of the partie s concerned.The Security Council shall duly take account offailure to comply with such provisional measures.

Article 41

The Security Council may decide what meas-ures not involving the use of armed force a re to be

employed to give effect to its decisions, and it maycall upon the Members of the United Nations toapply such measures. T hese may include com-plete or partial interruption of economic relationsand of rail, sea, air, postal, telegraphic, radio,and other means of communication, and the sev-erance of diplomatic relations.

Article 42

S hould the S ecurity C ouncil consider that meas-ures provided for in Article 41 would be inade-quate or have proved to be inadequate, it may takesuch action by air, sea, or land forces as may benecessary to maintain or restore internationalpeace and security. Such action may includedemonstrations, blockade, and other operationsby air, sea, or land forces of Members of the U nitedNations.

Article 43

1. A ll Members of the U nited N ations, in orderto contribute to the maintenance of internationalpeace and security, undertake to make availableto the Security Council, on its call and in accord-ance with a special agreement or agreements,armed forces, assistance, and facilities, includingrights of passage, necessary for the purpose ofmaintaining international peace and security.

2 . S uch agreement or agreements shall governthe numbers and types of forces, their degree ofreadiness and general location, and the n ature ofthe facilities and assistance to be provided.

3 . T he agreement or agreements shall be ne-gotiated as soon as possible on the initiative of theSecurity Council. They shall be concluded be-tween the Security Council and Members or be-tween the S ecurity C ouncil and groups of Membersand shall be subject to ratification by th e signatorystates in ac cordance with their respective constitu-

tional processes. .Article 44

When the Security Council has decided to useforce it shall, before calling upon a Member not

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represented on it to provide armed forces in ful-filhnent of the obligations assumed unde r A rticle4 3 , invite that Member, if the M ember so desires,to participate in the decisions of the SecurityCouncil concerning the employment of contin-gents of that Member's armed forces.

Article 45

In order to enable the United Nations to takeurgent military measures, Members shall holdimmediately available national air-force contin-gents for combined international enforcement ac-tion. T he streng th and degree of readiness of thesecontingents and plans for their combined actionshall be determ ined, within the limits laid down inthe special agreement or agreements referred toin A rticle 4 3 , by the Security C ouncil with theassistance of the Military Staff Committee.

Article 46

Plans for the application of armed force shallbe made by the Security Council with the assist-ance of the Military Staff Committee.

Article 47

1. There shall be established a Military StaffCommittee to advise and assist the SecurityCouncil on all questions relating to the SecurityCouncil's military requirements for the mainte-nance of international peace and security, the em-ployment and command of forces placed at itsdisposal, the regulation of armaments, and pos-sible disarmament.

2 . The Military Staff Committee shall consistof the Chiefs of Staff of the permanent membersof the Security Council or their representatives.Any Member of the United Nations not perma-nently represented on the Committee shall be in-vited by the Committee to be associated with itwhen the efficient discharge of the Committee'sresponsibilities requires the participation of thatMember in its work.

3 . T he M ilitary Staff C ommittee shall be re-sponsible under the Security Council for thestrategic direction of any armed forces placed atthe disposal of the Security Council. Questionsrelating to the command of such forces shall beworked out subsequently.

4 . The Military Staff Committee, with theauthorization of the Security Council and afterconsultation with appropriate regional agencies,may establish regional subcommittees.

Article 48

1. The action required to carry out the deci-sions of the Security Council for the mainte-nance of international peace and security shall betaken by all the Members of the United Nations

or by some of them, as the Security Council maydetermine.2 . S uch decisions shall be carried out by the

Members of the United Nations directly andthrough their action in the appropriate interna-tional agencies of w hich they are mem bers.

Article 49

The Members of the United Nations shall joinin affording mutual assistance in carrying out themeasures decided upon by the Security Council.

Article 50

If preventive or enforcement measures againstany state are taken by the Security Council, anyother state, whether a Member of the UnitedN ations o r not, which finds itself confronted withspec ial economic problems arising from the carry-ing out of those measures shall have the right toconsult the S ecurity C ouncil with regard to a solu-tion of those problems.

Article 51

N othing in the present C harter shall impair theinherent right of individual or collective self-defense if an armed attack occurs against a Mem-

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represented on it to provide armed forces in ful-fillment of th e obligations assumed under A rticle4 3 , invite that Member, if the Member so desires,to participate in the decisions of the SecurityCouncil concerning the employment of contin-gents of that Member's armed forces.

Article 45

In order to enable the United Nations to takeurgent military measures, Members shall holdimmediately available national air-force contin-gents for combined international enforcement ac-tion. T he strength and degree of readiness of thesecontingents and plans for their combined actionshall be d etermined, within the limits laid down inthe special agreement or agreements referred toin Article 43, by the Security Council with theassistance of the Military Staff Committee.

Article 46

Plans for the application of armed force shallbe made by the Security Council with the assist-ance of the Military Staff Committee.

Article 47

1. T here shall be established a Military StaffCommittee to advise and assist the SecurityCouncil on all questions relating to the SecurityCouncil's military requirements for the mainte-nance of international peace and security, the em-ployment and command of forces placed at itsdisposal, the regulation of armaments, and pos-sible disarmament.

2 . T he Military Staff C ommittee sha ll consistof the Chiefs of Staff of the permanent membersof the Security Council or their representatives.Any Member of the United Nations not perma-nently represented on the Committee shall be in-vited by the Committee to be associated with itwhen t he efficient discharge of th e C omm ittee'sresponsibilities requires the participation of thatMember in its work.

3 . The Military Staff Committee shall be re-sponsible under the Security Council for thestrategic direction of any armed forces placed atthe disposal of the Security Council. Questionsrelating to the command of such forces shall beworked out subsequently.

4 . The Military Staff Committee, with theauthorization of the Security Council and afterconsultation with appropriate regional agencies,may establish regional subcommittees.

Article 48

1. The action required to carry out the deci-sions of the Security Council for the mainte-nance of international peace and security shall betaken by all the Members of the United Nations

or by some of them , as the S ecurity C ouncil maydetermine.2 . S uch decisions shall be carried out by the

Members of the United Nations directly andthrough their action in the appropriate interna-tional agencies of which they are members.

Article 49

The Members of the United Nations shall joinin affording mutual assistance in carrying out themeasures decided upon by the Security Council.

Article 50

If preventive or enforcement measures againstany state are taken by the Security Council, anyother state, whether a Member of the UnitedN ations or not, which finds itself confronted withspecial economic problems arising from the carry-ing out of those measures shall have the right toconsult the S ecurity C ouncil with regard to a solu-tion of those problems.

Article 51

N othing in the present C harter shall impair theinherent right of individual or collective self-defense if an armed attack occurs against a Mem-

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her of the U nited N ations, until the S ecurity C oun-cil has taken the measures necessary to maintaininterna tional peace and security. Measures takenby Members in the exercise of this right of self-

defense shall be immediately reported to the Se-curity Council and shall not in any way affect the

authority and responsibility of the S ecurity C oun-cil under the present Charter to take at any timesuch action as it deems necessary in order to m ain-tain or restore international peace and security.

CH A PTER VII IR E G I O N A L A R R A N G E M E N T S

Article 52

1. Nothing in the present Charter precludesthe existence of regional arrangements or agen-cies for dealing with such matters relating to themaintenance of international peace and securityas are appropriate for regional action, providedthat such arrangements or agencies and their ac-tivities are consistent with the Purposes and Prin-ciples of the United Nations.

2 . T he Members of the U nited N ations enter-ing into such arrangements or constituting such

agencies shall make every effort to achieve pacificsettlement of local disputes through such re-gional arrangements or by such regional agenciesbefore referring them to the S ecurity C ouncil.

3 . T he S ecurity C ouncil shall encourage thedevelopment of pacific settlement of local dis-putes through such regional arrangements or bysuch regional agencies either on the initiative ofthe states concerned or by reference from theS ecurity C ouncil.

4. T his A rticle in no way impairs the applica-tion of .A rticles 3 4 and 3 5 .

Article 53

1. T he S ecurity C ouncil shall, where appro-priate, utilize such regional arrangements or

agencies for enforcement action Under its author-ity. Bu t no enforcement action shall be takenunde r regional arrangements or by regional agen-cies without the authorization of the SecurityCouncil* with the exception of measures againstany enemy state, as defined in paragraph 2 of

this A rticle, provided for pursuant to A rticle10 7 or in regional arrangements directed againstrenewal of aggressive policy on the part of anysuch state, until such time as the Organizationmay, on request of the Governments concerned,be charged with the responsibility for preventingfurther aggression by such a state.

2. T he term enemy state as used in paragraph1 of this A rticle applies to any state which duringthe S econd W orld War has been an enemy of any

signatory of the present Charter.

Article 54

The Security Council shall at all times be keptfully informed of activities undertaken or in con-templation under regional arrangements or byregional agencies for the maintenance of inter-national peace and security.

C H A P T E R I XI N T E R N A T I O N A L E C O N O M I C A N D

S O C I A L C O O P E R A T I O N

Article 55

With a view to the creation of conditions ofstability and well-being which are necessary forpeaceful and friendly relations among nationsbased on respect for th e principle of equal rightsand self-determination of peoples, the U nited

N ations shall promote:a. higher standards of living, full employ-

ment, and conditions of economic and socialprogress and development;

b. solutions of international economic, so-cial, health, and related problems; and inter-

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national cultural and educational cooperation;an d

c. universal respect for, and observance of,human rights and fundamental freedoms forall without distinction as to race, sex, lang uage ,or religion.

Article 56All Members pledge themselves to take jointand separate action in cooperation with the Or-ganization for the achievement of the purposes setforth in Article 55.

Article 57

1. The various specialized agencies, estab-lished by intergovernmental agreement and hav-ing wide international responsibilities, as definedin their basic instruments, in economic, social,cultural, educational, health, and related fields,shall be brought into relationship with the U nitedN ations in accordance with the prov isions ofA rticle 63 .

2 . Such agencies thus brought into relation-ship with the United Nations are hereinafter re-ferred to as specialized agencies.

Article 58

T he O rganization shall make recommendations

for the coordination of the policies and activitiesof th e specialized agencies.

Article 59

The Organization shall, where appropriate,initiate negotiations among the states concernedfor the creation of any new specialized agenciesrequired for the accomplishment of the purposesset forth in Article 55.

Article 60Responsibility for the discharge of the func-

tions of the Organization set forth in this Chap-ter shall be vested in the General Assembly and,under the authority of the General Assembly, in

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the Economic and Social Council, which shahave for this purpose the powers set forth iChapter X.

C H A P T E R X

T H E E C O N O M IC A N D S O C IA L C O U N C I L

Composition

Article 61

1. T he E conomic and S ocial C ouncil shall consist of eighteen Members of the U nited N ationelected by the General Assembly.

2 . Subject to the provisions of paragraph six members of the Economic and Social Councshall be elected each year for a term of th ree yearA retiring member shall be eligible for immediare-election.

3 . A t the first election, eighteen m embers the E conomic and S ocial C ouncil shall be choseT he term of office of six members so chosen shaexpire at the end of one year, and of six othemembers at the end of two years, in accordancwith arrangements made by the General A ssembl

4 . Each member of the Economic and SociCouncil shall have one representative.

Functions and PowersArticle 62

1. T he Economic and S ocial C ouncil may maor initiate studies and repor ts with respect to intenational economic, social, cultural, educationahealth, and related matters and may make recommen dations with respect to any such m atters to thGeneral A ssembly, to the Members of the U niteN ations, and to the specialized agencies concerne

2 . It may make recommendations for the p

pose of promoting respect for, and observance ohuman rights and fundamental freedoms for a

3 . It may prepare draft conventions for sumission to the General A ssembly, with respect matters falling within its competence.

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4 . It may call, in accordance with the rulesprescribed by the U nited N ations, internationalconferences on matters falling within its com-petence.

Article 63

1. The Economic and Social Council may en-ter into agreements with any of the agencies re-ferred to in Article 57, defining the terms onwhich the agency concerned shall be brought intorelationship with the U nited N ations. S uch agree-ments shall be subject to approval by the Gen-eral Assembly.

2 . It may coordinate the activities of the spe-cialized agencies through consultation with andrecommendations to such agencies and throughrecommendations to th e General A ssembly and to

the Members of the U nited N ations.

Article 64

1. The Economic and Social Council maytake appropriate steps to obtain regular reportsfrom th e specialized agencies. It may make ar-rangements with the Members of the UnitedN ations and with the specialized agencies to obtainrepo rts on the steps take n to give effect to its ownrecommendations and to recommendations on

matters falling within its competence made bythe General Assembly.

2 . It may communicate its observations onthese reports to the General Assembly.

Article 65

The Economic and Social Council may furnishinformation to the Security Council and shallassist the Security Council upon its request.

Article 661. T he E conomic and S ocial C ouncil shall per-

form such functions as fall within its competencein connection with the carrying out of the recom-mendations of the General A ssembly.

2 . It may, with the approval of the General

Assembly, perform services at the request ofMembers of the U nited N ations and at the requestof specialized agencies.

3 . It sha ll perform such other functions as arespecified elsewhere in the present Charter or as

may be assigned to it by the General Assembly.Voting

Article 67

1. Each member of the Economic and SocialC ouncil shall have one vote.

2 . D ecisions of the Economic and S ocial C oun-cil shall be made by a majority of the memberspresent and voting.

Procedure

Article 68

The Economic and Social Council shall set upcommissions in economic a nd social fields and forthe promotion of human rights, and such othercommissions as may be required for the perform-ance of its functions.

Article 69

The Economic and Social Council shall inviteany Member of the U nited N ations to participate,

without vote, in its deliberations on any matterof particular concern to that Member.

Article 70

The Economic and Social Council may makearrangements for representatives of the special-ized agencies to participate, without vote, in itsdeliberations and in those of the commissionsestablished by it, and for its representatives toparticipate in the deliberations of the specialized

agencies. Article 71

The Economic and Social Council may makesuitable arrangements for consultation with non-governmental organizations which are concernedwith matters w ithin its competence. Such arrange-

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ments may be made with international organiza-tions and, where appropriate, with national or-ganizations after consultation with the Memberof the United Nations concerned.

Article 72

1. The Economic and Social Council shalladopt its own rules of procedure, including themethod of selecting its President.

2 . T he Economic and Social C ouncil shall meetas required in accordance with its rules, whichshall include provision for th e convening of meet-ings on the request of a majority of its mem bers.

C H A P T E R X ID E C L A R A T I O N R E G A R D I N G

N O N - S E L F - G O V E R N I N G T E R R I T O R I E S

Article 73

Members of the United Nations which have orassume responsibilities for the administration ofterritories whose peoples have not yet attaineda full measure of self-government recognize theprinciple that the interests of the inhabitants ofthese territories are paramount, and accept as asacred trust the obligation to promote to the ut-

most, within the system of inter natio nal peace andsecurity established by the presen t C harter, thewell-being of the inhabitants of these territories,and, to this end:

a. to ensure, with due respect for the cul-ture of the peoples concerned, their political,economic, social, and educational advance-ment, their just treatmen t, and the ir protectionagainst abu ses;

b . to develop self-government, to take due

account of the political aspirations of thepeoples, and to assist them in the progressivedevelopment of their free political institutions,according to the particular circumstances ofeach territory and its peoples an d their varying

i stages of advancement;

c. to further international peace and security;

d. to promote constructive measures of development, to encourage research, and to cooperate with one another and, when and whereappr opriate , with specialized international bod

ies with a view to the practical achievement ofthe social, economic, and scientific purposesset forth in this A rticle; and

e. to transmit regularly to the SecretaryGeneral for information purposes, subject tosuch limitation as security and constitutionaconsiderations may req uire , statistical and otheinformation of a technical nature relating toeconomic, social, and ed ucational conditions inthe territories for which they are respectively

responsible other than those territories to whichChapters XII and XIII apply.

Article 74

Members of the U nited N ations also agree thatheir policy in respect of the territories to whichthis C hapter applies, no less than in respect of theimetropolitan a reas, must be based on the generaprinciple of good-neighborliness, due account being taken of th e interests and w ell-being of the res

of the world, in social, economic, and commerciamatters.

C H A P T E R X I II N T E R N A T I O N A L T R U S T E E S H I P S Y S T E M

Article 75

The United Nations shall establish under itauthority an international trusteeship system fothe administration and supervision of such terri

tories as may be placed thereunder by subsequenindividual agreements. These territories arhereinafter referred to as trust territories.

Article 76

T he basic objectives of the trusteeship system

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in accordance with the Purposes of the UnitedN ations laid down in A rticle 1 of the present C har-ter, shall be :

a. to further international peace and se-curity;

b. to promote the political, economic, social,and educational advancement of the inhab itantsof the trust territories, and their progressivedevelopment towards self-government or inde-pendence as may be appropriate to the par-ticular circumstances of each territory and itspeoples and the freely expressed wishes of thepeoples concerned, and as may be provided bythe terms of each trusteeship agreemen t;

c. to encourage respect for human rightsand for fundamental freedoms for all without

distinction as to race, sex, languag e, or religion,and to encourage recognition of the interde-pendence of the peoples of the world; and

d. to ensure equal treatm ent in social, eco-nomic, and commercial matters for all M embersof the United Nations and their nationals, andalso equal treatment for the latter in the ad-ministration of justice, without p rejudice to theattainmen t of the foregoing objectives and sub-ject to the provisions of A rticle 80 .

Article 77

1. The trusteeship system shall apply tosuch territories in the following categories as maybe placed thereunder by means of trusteeshipagreements:

a. territories now held under mand ate;b . territories which may be detached from

enemy states as a result of the Second World

War; andc. territories voluntarily placed under the

system by states responsible for their admin-istration.2 . It will be a matter for subsequent agreement

as to which territories in the foregoing categories

will be brought unde r th e trusteeship system andupon what terms.

Article 78

T he trusteeship system shall not apply to terri-tories which have become Members of the UnitedN ations, relationship among which shall be basedon respect for the principle of sovereign equality.

Article 79

The terms of trusteeship for each territory tobe placed u nder the trusteeship system, includingany alteration or amend ment, shall be agreed uponby the states directly concerned, including themandatory power in the case of territories heldunder mandate by a Member of the United Na-tions, and shall be approved as provided for inA rticles 83 and 85 .

Article 80

1. E xcept as may be agreed upon in individualtrusteeship agreements, made under Articles 77,79, and 8 1 , placing each territory under the trus-teeship system, and until such agreements havebeen concluded, nothing in this Chapter shall beconstrued in or of itself to alter in any manner

the rights whatsoever of any states or any peoplesor the terms of existing international instrumentsto which Members of the U nited N ations may re-spectively be parties.

2 . Parag raph 1 of this A rticle shall not be in-terpreted as giving grounds for delay or postpone-ment of the negotiation and conclusion of agree-ments for placing m andated and other territoriesunder the trusteeship system as provided for inArticle 77.

Article 81The trusteeship agreement shall in each case

include the terms under which the trust territorywill be administered and designate the authoritywhich will exercise the adm inistration of the trustterritory. S uch authority, hereinafter called the

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administering authority, may be one or morestates or the Organization itself.

Article 82 ,

There may be designated, in any trusteeshipagreement, a strategic area or areas which may

include part or all of the trust territory to whichthe agreement applies, without prejudice to anyspecial agreement or agreements made underArticle 43.

Article 83

1. A ll functions of the U nited N ations relatingto strategic areas, including the approval of theterms of the trusteeship agreements and of theiralteration or amendm ent, shall be exercised by theSecurity Council.

2. T he basic objectives set forth in A rticle 76shall be applicable to the people of each strategicarea.

3 . T he S ecurity C ouncil shall, subject to theprovisions of the trusteesh ip agreements and with-out prejudice to security considerations, availitself of the assistance of the Trusteeship Councilto perform those functions of the U nited N ationsunder the trusteeship system relating to political,economic, social, and educational matters in the

strategic are as.Article 84

It shall be the duty of the adm inistering author-ity to ensure that the trust territory shall play itspart in the m aintenance of international peace andsecurity. To this end the administering authoritymay make use of volunteer forces, facilities, andassistance from the trust territory in carrying outthe obligations towards the Security Council un-dertaken in this regard by the administering au-thority, as well as for local defense and the main-tenance of law and order w ithin the trust territory.

Article 85

1. T he functions of the U nited N ations with

regard to trusteeship agreements for all areas notdesignated as strategic, including the approval ofthe terms of the trusteeship agreements and oftheir alteration or amendment, shall be exercisedby the General A ssembly.

2. T he T rusteeship Council, operating under

the autho rity of the G eneral A ssembly, shall assistthe General Assembly in carrying out thesefunctions.

CH A PTER XII IT H E T R U S T E E S H I P C O U N C I L

Composition

Article 86

1. The Trusteeship Council shall consist ofthe following Members of the U nited N ations:a. those Members administering trust ter-

ritories;b. such of those Members mentioned by

name in A rticle 23 as are not adm inisteringtrust territories; and

c. as many other Members elected for three-year terms by the General A ssembly as may benecessary to ensure that the total number of

members of th e T rusteeship C ouncil is equallydivided between those Members of th e U nitedNations which administer trust territories andthose which do not.2. E ach member of the T rusteeship C ouncil

shall designate one specially qualified person torepresent it therein.

Functions and owers

Article 87

The General Assembly and, under its author-ity, the T rusteeship C ouncil, in carrying out theirfunctions, may:

a. consider reports submitted by the admin-istering authority;

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b . accept petitions and examine them inconsultation w ith the administering autho rity;

c. provide for periodic visits to the respec-tive trust territories at times agreed upon withthe administering authority; and

d. take these and other actions in conformitywith the terms of the trusteeship agreements.

Article 88

The Trusteeship Council shall formulate aquestionnaire on the political, economic, social,and educational advancement of the inhabitantsof each trust territory, and the administeringauthority for each trust territory within the com-petence of the General Assembly shall make anannual report to the General Assembly upon the

basis of such questionnaire.

Voting

Article 89

1. Each member of the Trusteeship Councilshall have one vote.

2 . D ecisions of the T rusteeship C ouncil shallbe mad e by a majority of the m embers present andvoting.

ProcedureArticle 90

1. T he T rusteeship C ouncil shall adopt its ownrules of procedure, including the method of select-ing its President.

2 . T he T rusteeship C ouncil shall meet as re-quired in accordance with its rules, which shallinclude provision for the convening of meetingson the request of a majority of its memb ers.

Article 91T he T rusteeship C ouncil shall, when appropri-ate, avail itself of the assistance of the Economicand S ocial C ouncil and of the specialized agenciesin regard to matters with which they are respec-tively concerned.

C H A P T E R XIVT H E I N T E R N A T I O N A L C O U R T

O F J U S T I C E

Article 92

The International Court of Justice shall be theprincipal judicial organ of the U nited N ations.It shall function in accordance with the annexedStatute, which is based upon the Statute of thePermanent Court of International Justice andforms an integral part of the present C harter.

Article 93

1. A ll Members of the U nited N ations are ipso

facto parties to the Statute of the InternationalC ourt of J ustice.

2 . A state which is not a Member of the U nitedN ations may become a party to the S tatute ofthe International Court of Justice on conditionsto be determined in each case by the GeneralAssembly upon the recommendation of the Secu-rity Council.

Article 94

1. E ach Member of the U nited N ations under-takes to comply with the decision of the Inter-

national Court of Justice in any case to which it isa party.

2 . If any p arty to a case fails to perform theobligations incumbent upon it under a judgmentrendered by the Court, the other party may haverecourse to the S ecurity C ouncil, which may, if itdeems necessary, make recommendations or de-cide upon measures to be taken to give effect tothe judgment.

Article 95Nothing in the present Charter shall prevent

Members of the U nited N ations from entrustingthe solution of their differences to other tribunalsby virtue of agreements already in existence orwhich may be concluded in the future.

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Article 96

1. The General Assembly or the SecurityCouncil may request the International Court ofJustice to give an advisory opinion on any legalquestion.

2. Other organs of the United Nations andspecialized agencies, which may at any time beso authorized by the General A ssembly, may alsorequest advisory opinions of the Court on legalquestions arising within the scope of their activ-ities.

C H A P T E R XVT H E S E C R E T A R I A T

Article 97

The Secretariat shall comprise a Secretary-General and such staff as the Organization mayrequire. The Secretary-General shall be ap-pointed by the G eneral A ssembly upon the recom-mendation of the S ecurity C ouncil. H e shall bethe chief administrative officer of the O rganization.

Article 98

T he S ecretary-General shall act in tha t capacityin all meetings of the General Assembly, of theSecurity Council, of the Economic and SocialC ouncil, and of the T rusteeship C ouncil, and shallperform such other functions as are entrusted tohim by these organs. T he S ecretary-General sha llmake an annual report to the General Assemblyon the work of the Organization.

Article 99

The Secretary-General may bring to the atten-tion of the Security Council any matter which inhis opinion may threaten the maintenance of in-ternational peace and security.

Article 100

1. In the performance of their duties the S ecre-

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tary-General and the staff shall not seek or receiveinstructions from any government or from anyother authority external to the Organization.They shall refrain from any action which mightreflect on their position as international officials

responsible only to the Organization.2. E ach Member of the U nited N ations under-

takes to respect the exclusively internationalcharacter of the responsibilities of the Secretary-General and the staff and not to seek to influencethem in the discharge of their responsibilities.

Article 101

1. T he staff shall be appointed by the Secre-tary-General under regulations established by the

General A ssembly.2. A ppropriate staffs shall be permanently

assigned to the E conomic and S ocial C ouncil, theTrusteeship Council, and, as required, to otherorgans of the U nited N ations. T hese staffs shallform a part of the Secretariat.

3 . The paramount consideration in the em-ployment of the staff and in the determination ofthe conditions of service shall be the necessity ofsecuring the highest standards of efficiency, com-

petence, and integrity. Due regard shall be paidto the importance of recru iting th e staff on as widea geographical basis as possible.

C H A P T E R XVIM I S C E L L A N E O U S P R O V I S I O N S

Article 102

1. E very treaty and every international agree-

ment entered into by any Member of the UnitedN ations after the present C harter comes into forceshall as soon as possible be registered with theS ecretariat and published by it.

2. N o party to any such treaty or internationalagreement which has not been registered in ac-cordance with the provisions of paragraph 1 of

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2 . Any alteration of the present Charter rec-ommended by a two-thirds vote of the conferenceshall take effect when ratified in accordance withtheir respective constitutional processes by twothirds of the Members of the U nited N ations in-cluding all the permanent members of the S ecurityCouncil. .

3 . If such a conference has not been held be-fore the tenth annual session of the General As-sembly following th e coming into force of th e pres-ent C harter, the proposal to call such a conferenceshall be placed on the agenda of that session of t heGeneral Assembly, and the conference shall beheld if so decided by a majority vote of the mem-bers of the G eneral A ssembly and by a vote of anyseven members of th e S ecurity C ouncil.

C H A P T E R XI XR A T I F I C A T I O N A N D S I G N A T U R E

Article 110

1. T he present C harter shall be ratified by thesignatory states in accordance with their respec-tive constitutional processes. /

2 . T he ratifications shall be deposited with theGovernment of the U nited States of A merica,which shall notify all the signatory states of eachdeposit as well as the Secretary-General of theOrganization when he has been appointed.

3 . T he present C harter shall come into forceupon the deposit of ratifications by the Republicof China, France, the Union of Soviet SocialistRepublics, the United Kingdom of Great Britainand N orthern Ireland, and the U nited S tates ofAmerica, and by a majority of the other signatorystates. A protocol of the ratifications deposited

shall thereupon be drawn up by the Governmentof the U nited S tates of A merica which shall com-mu nicate copies thereof to all the signatory sta tes.

4 . T he states signatory to the present C harterwhich ratify it after it has come into force will be-come original Members of the U nited N ations onthe date of the deposit of their respective ratifi-cations.

Article HI

The present Charter, of which the Chinese,

French, Russian, English, and Spanish texts areequally authentic, shall remain deposited in thearchives of the Government of the United Statesof A merica. D uly certified copies thereof shall betransmitted by that Government to the Govern-ments of th e other signatory states.

I N F A I T H WH E R E O F the representatives of theGovernments of the U nited N ations have signedthe present Charter.

D O N E at the city of San Francisco the twenty-sixth day of J une , one thousand nine hundred and

forty-five.

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S TA T U T E O F T H E I N T E R N A T IO N A L C O U R T O F JU S T IC E

Article 1

IN T E R N A T I O N A L C O U R T O F J U S T I C E e s ta b -

lished by the C harter of the U nited N ations as

the principal judicial organ of the U nited N ationsshall be constituted and shall function in accord-ance with the provisions of the present Statute.

C H A P T E R IO R GA N I ZA T IO N O F T H E C O U R T

Article 2

T he C ourt shall be composed of a body of inde-pendent judges, elected regardless of their nation-

ality from am ong persons of high moral character,who possess the qualifications require d in their re-spective countries for appointment to the highestjudicial offices, or are jurisconsults of recognizedcompetence in international law.

Article 3

1. T he C ourt shall consist of fifteen m embers,no two of whom may be nationals of th e same state.

2, A person who for the purposes of member-

ship in the Court could be regarded as a nationalof more than one state shall be deemed to be anational of th e one in which he ordina rily exercisescivil and political rights.

Article 4

1. T he members of the C ourt shall be electedby the General Assembly and by the SecurityCouncil from a list of persons nominated by thenational groups in the Permanent C ourt of A rbitra-

tion, in accordance with the following provisions.2. In the case of Members of the U nited N a-

tions not represented in the Permanent Court ofA rbitration, candidates shall be nominated bynational groups appointed for this purpose bytheir governments under the same conditions as

those prescribed for members of the PermanentC ourkof A rbitration by A rticle 4 4 of the C onven-tion of The Hague of 1907 for the pacific settle-

ment of international disputes.3. T he conditions under which a state which

is a party to the present S tatute but is not a Mem-ber of the U nited N ations may participate in elect-ing the members of the C ourt shall, in the absenceof a special agreement, be laid down by the Gen-eral Assembly upon recommendation of the Se-curity C ouncil.

Article 5

1. A t least three months before the date of theelection, the Secretary-General of the UnitedNations shall address a written request to themembers of the P ermanent C ourt of A rbitrationbelonging to the states which are parties to thepresent Statute, and to the members of the na-tional groups appointed under Article 4, para-graph 2, inviting them to unde rtake, within a giventime, by national groups, the nomination of per-sons in a position to accept the duties of a member

of the Court.2. N o group may nominate more than four per-

sons, not more than two of whom shall be of theirown nationality. In no case may the number ofcandidates nominated by a group be more thandouble the num ber of seats to b e filled.

Article 6

Before making these nom inations, each nationalgroup is recommended to consult its highest court

of justice, its legal faculties an d schools of law, andits national academies and n ation al sections of in-ternation al academies devoted to t he study of law.

Article 7

1. T he S ecretary-General shall prepare a list

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in alphabetical order of all the persons thus nomi-nated. Save as provided in A rticle 12 , paragraph2 , these shall be the only persons eligible.

2 . T he S ecretary-General shall submit this listto the General Assembly and to the SecurityCouncil.

Article 8

The General Assembly and the Security Coun-cil shall proceed independently of one another toelect the members of the C ourt.

Article 9

A t every election, the electors shall bear in mindnot only that the persons to be elected should in-dividually possess the qualifications required, butalso that in the body as a whole the representationof the main forms of civilization and of the prin-cipal legal systems of the world sho uld be assured.

Article 10

1. Those candidates who obtain an absolutemajority of votes in the General Assembly and inthe S ecurity C ouncil shall be considered as elected.

2 . Any vote of the Security Council, whetherfor the election of judges or for the appointmentof mem bers of the conference envisaged in A rticle12 , shall be taken without any distinction betweenpermanent and non-permanent members of theSecurity Council.

3 . In the event of more than one national of thesame state obtaining an absolute majority of thevotes both of the General Assembly and of theS ecurity C ouncil, the eldest of these only shall beconsidered as elected.

Article 11

If, after the first meeting held for the purposeof the election, one or more seats remain to befilled, a second and, if necessary, a third meetingshall take place.

Article 12

1. If, after the third meeting, one or more seatsstill remain unfilled, a join t conference consistingof six members, three appointed by the GeneralA ssembly and three by the S ecurity C ouncil, maybe formed at any time at the request of either theGeneral A ssembly or the S ecurity C ouncil, for thepurpose of choosing by the vote of an absolutemajority one name for each seat still vacant, tosubmit to the General A ssembly and the S ecurityCouncil for their respective acceptance.

2 . If the joint conference is unanimously agreedupon any person who fulfils the required condi-tions, he maybe included in its list, even thoughhe was not included in the list of nominations re-ferred to in A rticle 7.

3 . If the join t conference is satisfied th at it willnot be successful in procuring an election, thosemembers of the Court who have already beenelected shall, within a period to be fixed by theSecurity Council, proceed to fill the vacant seatsby selection from among those candidates whohave obtained votes either in the General Assem-bly or in the S ecurity C ouncil.

4 . In th e event of an equality of votes amongthe judges, the eldest judge shall have a castingvote.

Article 13

1. T he members of the C ourt shall be electedfor nine years and may be re-elected; provided,however, tha t of the judg es elected at th e first elec-tion, the terms of five judges shall expire at the endof three years and the terms of five more judgesshall expire at the end of six years.

2 . T he judges whose terms are to expire at theend of the above-mentioned initial periods of threeand six years shall be chosen by lot to be drawnby the Secretary-General immediately after thefirst election has been completed.

3 . T he members of the C ourt shall continue to

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discharge their duties until their places have beenfilled. T hough replaced, they shall finish any caseswhich they may have begun .

4 . In the case of the resignation of a memberof the C ourt, the resignation shall be addressed tothe President of the Court for transmission to the

S ecretary-General. T his last notification makes theplace vacant.

Article 14

Vacancies sh all be filled by the same m ethod asthat laid down for the first election, subject to thefollowing provision : the Secretary-General shall,within on e mon th of the occurrence of the vacancy,proceed to issue the invitations provided for inA rticle 5, and the date of the election shall be fixed

by the Security Council.

Article 15

A mem ber of the C ourt elected to replace amem ber whose term of office has not expired sh allhold office for the remainder of his predecessor'sterm.

Article 16

1. N o member of the C ourt may exercise anypolitical or administrative function, or engage inany other occupation of a professional nature.

2 . A ny doubt on this point shall be settled bythe decision of the C ourt.

Article 17

1. N o member of the C ourt may act as agent,counsel, or advocate in any case.

2 . N o member may participate in the decisionof any case in which he h as previously taken partas agen t, counsel, or advocate for one of the par-

ties, or as a mem ber of a national or internationalcourt, or of a commission of enquiry, or in anyother capacity.

3 . A ny doubt on this point shall be settled bythe decision of the C ourt.

Article 18

1. No member of the Court can be dismissedunless, in the unanimous opinion of the othermem bers, he has ceased to fulfil the req uired con-ditions.

2. F ormal notification thereof shall be made to

the S ecretary-General by the R egistrar.3 . T his notification m akes the place vacant.

Article 19

The members of the Court, when engaged onthe business of the Court, shall enjoy diplomaticprivileges and immunities.

Article 20

E very member of the C ourt shall, before taking

up his duties, make a solemn declaration in opencourt that he will exercise his powers impartiallyand conscientiously.

Article 21

1. T he C ourt shall elect its President and Vice-President for thre e yea rs; they may be re-elected.

2 . The Court shall appoint its Registrar andmay provide for the appointment of such otherofficers as may be nece ssary.

Article 22

1. T he seat of the C ourt shall be established atT he H ague. T his, however, shall not prevent theCourt from sitting and exercising its functionselsewhere whenever the Court considers it desir-able.

2 . T he President and the R egistrar shall resideat the seat of the C ourt.

Article 23

1. The Court shall remain permanently insession, except during the judicial vacations,the dates and duration of which shall be fixedby the C ourt.

2 . Members of the Court are entitled to peri-

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odic leave, the dates and duration of which shallbe fixed by the C ourt, having in m ind the distancebetween The Hague and the home of each judge.

3 . Members of the C ourt shall be bound, un-less they are on leave or prevented from attend ing

by illness or other serious reasons duly explained

to the President, to hold themselves permanentlyat the disposal of the Court.

Article 24

1. If, for some special reason, a member of theC ourt considers that he should not take part in thedecision of a p articular case, he shall so inform thePresident.

2 . If the Presiden t considers that for some spe-cial reason one of the members of the C ourt shouldnot sit in a particular case, he sha ll give him noticeaccordingly.

3 . If in any such case the member of the C ourtand the President disagree, the matter shall besettled by the decision of the Court.

Article 25

1. T he full C ourt shall sit except when it is ex-pressly provided otherwise in the present Statute.

2 . S ubject to the condition that the number ofjudges available to constitute the Court is not

thereby reduced below eleven, the Rules of theC ourt may provide for allowing one or m ore judges,according to circumstances and in rotation, to bedispensed from sitting.

3 . A quorum of nine judges shall suffice to con-stitute the Court.

Article 26

1. T he C ourt may from time to time form oneor more chambers, composed of three or more

judges as the Court may determine, for dealingwith particular categories of cases; for example,labor cases and cases relating to transit and com-

munications.2 . T he C ourt may at any time form a chamber

for dealing w ith a particular case. T he number ofjudges to constitute such a chamber shall be de-termined by the Court with the approval of theparties.

3 . C ases shall be heard and determined by thechambers provided for in this Article if the parties

so request. Article 27

A judgmen t given by any of the chambers pro-vided for in A rticles 26 and 29 shall be consideredas rendered by the C ourt.

Article 28

The chambers provided for in Articles 26 and2 9 m ay, with the consent of the parties, sit and ex-ercise their functions elsewhere than at T he H ague.

Article 29

W ith a view to the speedy despatch of business,the Court shall form annually a chamber com-posed of five judges which, at the request of theparties, may h ear and determine cases by summ aryprocedure. In addition, two judges shall be se-lected for the purpose of replacing judges who findit impossible to sit.

Article 30

1. T he C ourt shall frame rules for carrying ou tits functions. In particular, it shall lay down rulesof procedure.

2 . T he R ules of the C ourt may provide for as-sessors to sit with the Court or with any of itschamb ers, without the right to vote.

Article 31

1. Judges of the nationality of each of theparties shall retain their right to sit in the case

before the Court.2 . If the C ourt includes upon the Bench a judge

of the nationality of one of the parties, any otherparty may choose a person to sit as judge. Suchperson shall be chosen preferably from among

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those persons who have been nominated as candi-dates as provided in A rticles 4 and 5.

3 . If the Court includes upon the Bench nojudge of the n ationality of the pa rties, each of theseparties may proceed to choose a judge as provided

in paragraph 2 of this Article.4 . T he provisions of this A rticle shall apply to

the case of Articles 26 and 29. In such cases, thePresident shall request one or, if necessary, twoof the members of the Court forming the chamberto give place to the members of the Court of thenationality of the parties concerned, and, failingsuch, or if they are unable to be present, to thejudges specially chosen by the parties.

5 . S hould there be several parties in the same

interest, they shall, for the purpose of the preced-ing provisions, be reckoned as one party only. A nydoubt upon this point shall be settled by the de-cision of the Court.

6. Judg es chosen as laid down in paragraph s2 , 3 , an d 4 of this A rticle shall fulfil the con ditionsrequired by A rticles 2 ,1 7 (paragraph 2 ) , 20, and24 of the present Statute. They shall take part inthe decision on terms of complete equality withtheir colleagues.

Article 32

1. E ach member of the C ourt shall receive anannual salary.

2 . T he President shall receive a special annua lallowance.

3 . T he Vice-President shall receive a specialallowance for every day on which he acts as Pr esi-dent.

4 . T he judges chosen under A rticle 3 1 , otherthan members of the C ourt, shall receive compen-

sation for each^day on which they exercise theirfunctions.

5 . These salaries, allowances, and compensa-tion shall be fixed by the General A ssembly. T heymay no t be d ecreased during the term of office.

6. T he salary of the R egistrar shall be fixed by

the General A ssembly on the proposal of the C ourt.7. R egulations made by the General A ssembly

shall fix the conditions under which retirementpensions may be given to members of the Courtand to the Registrar, and the conditions under

which members of the Court and the Registrarshall have their traveling expenses refunded.

8. The above salaries, allowances, and com-pensation shall be free of all taxation.

Article 33

T he expenses of the C ourt shall be borne by theUnited Nations in such a manner as shall be de-cided by the General Assembly.

C H A P T E R I IC O M P E T E N C E O F T H E C O U R T

Article 34

1. O nly states may be parties in cases beforethe Court.

2 . T he C ourt, subject to and in conformity withits R ules, may request of public international or-ganizations information relevant to cases before it,and shall receive such information presented bysuch organizations on their own initiative.

3 . Whenever the construction of the constitu-ent instrument of a public international organi-zation or of an international convention adoptedthereunder is in question in a case before th e C ourt,the Registrar shall so notify the public interna-tional organization concerned and shall commun i-cate to it copies of all the w ritten p roceedings.

Article 351. T he C ourt shall be open to the states parties

to the present Statute.2 . T he conditions under which the C ourt shall

be open to other states shall, subject to the specialprovisions contained in treaties in force, be laid

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down by the S ecurity C ouncil, but in no case shallsuch conditions place the parties in a position ofinequality before the C ourt.

3 . When a state which is not a Member of theU nited N ations is a party to a case, the C ourt shallfix the amount which that party is to contributetowards the expenses of the Court. This provisionshall not apply if such state is bearing a share ofthe expenses of the Court.

Article 36

1. The jurisdiction of the Court comprises allcases which the parties refer to it and all mattersspecially provided for in the C harter of the U nitedN ations or in treaties and conventions in force.

2 . T he states parties to the present Statute mayat any time declare th at they recognize as compul-sory ipso facto and without special agreement, inrelation to any o ther state accepting the same obli-gation, the jurisdiction of the Court in all legaldisputes concerning:

a. the interpretation of a treaty;b. any question of internatio nal law;c. th e existence of any fact which, if estab-

lished, would constitute a breach of an inter-nation al ob ligation ;

d. the nature or extent of the reparation tobe made for the breach of an international ob-ligation.3 . T he declarations referred to above may be

made unconditionally or on condition of reci-procity on the part of several or certain states, orfor a certain time.

4 . Such declarations shall be deposited withthe S ecretary-General of the U nited N ations, whoshall transmit copies thereof to the parties to theS tatute and to the R egistrar of the C ourt.

5 . D eclarations made under A rticle 3 6 of theStatute of the Permanent Court of InternationalJ ustice and which are still in force shall be deemed,as between the parties to the present S tatute, to beacceptances of the compulsory jurisdiction of the

In ternational C ourt of J ustice for the period whichthey still have to run and in accordance with theirterms.

6. In th e event of a dispute as to whether theC ourt has jurisdiction, the matter shall be settledby the decision of the Court.

Article 37

Whenever a treaty or convention in force pro-vides for reference of a matter to a tribunal to havebeen instituted by the League of N ations, or to thePermanent Court of International Justice, thematter shall, as between the parties to the presentStatute, be referred to the International Court ofJustice.

Article 38

1. The Court, whose function is to decide inaccordance with international law such disputesas are submitted to it, shall apply:

a. international conventions, whether gen-eral or particular, establishing rules expresslyrecognized by the con testing states ;

b. international custom, as evidence of ageneral practice accepted as law;

c. the general principles of law recognizedby civilized nations ;

d. subject to the provisions of Article 59,judicial decisions and the teachings of th e mosthighly qualified publicists of the various na-tions, as subsidiary m eans for the determinationof rules of law.2 . T his provision shall not prejudice the power

of the Court to decide a case ex aequo et bond ithe parties agree thereto.

C H A PT E R I IIP R O C E D U R E

Article 39

1. T he official languages of the C ourt shall beFrench and English. If the parties agree that the

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case shall be conducted in French, the judgmentshall be delivered in French. If the parties agreethat the case shall be conducted in English, thejudgment shall be delivered in E nglish.

2 . In the absence of an agreement as to whichlanguage shall be employed, each party may, inthe pleadings, use the language which it prefers;the decision of the Court shall be given in Frenchand English. In this case the Court shall at thesame time determine which of the two texts shallbe considered as authoritative.

3 . T he C ourt shall, at the request of any party,authorize a language other than F rench or E nglishto be used by that p arty.

Article 40

1. C ases are brought before the C ourt, as thecase may be, eithe r by the notification of the specialagreement or by a written application addressedto the Registrar. In either case the subject of thedispute and the p arties shall be indicated.

2 . T he R egistrar shall forthwith communicatethe application to a ll concerned.

3 . H e shall also notify the Members of theUnited Nations through the Secretary-General,and also any other states entitled to appear before

the Court.

Article 41

1. T he C ourt shall have the power to indicate,if it considers that circumstances so require, anyprovisional measures which ought to be taken topreserve the respective rights of either party.

2 . Pending the final decision, notice of themeasures sug gested sha ll forthwith be given to theparties and to the Security Council.

Article 42

1. T he parties shall be represented by agents.2 . T hey may have the assistance of counsel or

advocates before the Court.3 . T he agen ts, counsel, and advocates of par-

ties before the Court shall enjoy the privilegesand immunities necessary to the independent ex-ercise of their duties.

Article 43

1. The procedure shall consist of two parts:written an d oral.

2 . The written proceedings shall consist ofthe communication to the C ourt and to the partiesof memorials, counter-memorials and, if neces-sary, replies; also all papers and documents insupport.

3 . These communications shall be madethrough the R egistrar, in the order and within thetime fixed by the C ourt.

4 . A certified copy of every document produced

by one party shall be communicated to the otherparty.

5 . The oral proceedings shall consist of thehearing by th e C ourt of w itnesses, experts, agents,counsel, and advocates.

Article 44

1. F or the service of all notices upon personsother than the agen ts, counsel, and advocates, theCourt shall apply direct to the government of the

state upon whose territory the notice has to beserved.

2 . The same provision shall apply wheneversteps are to be taken to procure evidence on thespot.

Article 45

The hearing shall be under the control of thePresiden t o r, if he is unab le to preside, of the Vice-Presid ent; if neither is able to preside, the senior

judge present shall preside.

Article 46

T he hearing in C ourt shall be public, unless theC ourt shall decide otherwise, or unless the partiesdemand that the public be not admitted.

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Article 47

1. Minutes shall be made at each hearing andsigned by the R egistrar and the President.

2 . T hese minutes alone shall be authentic.

Article 48

T he C ourt shall make orders for the conduct ofthe case, shall decide the form and time in whicheach party m ust conclude its arguments, and makeall arrangements connected with the taking ofevidence.

Article 49

T he C ourt may, even before the hearing begins,call upon the agents to produce any document orto supply any explanations. Formal note shall betaken of any refusal.

Article 50

T he C ourt may, at any time, entrust any indi-vidual, body, burea u, comm ission, or other organ-ization tha t it may select, with the tas k of carryingout an enquiry or giving an expert opinion.

Article 51

During the hearing any relevant questions areto be put to the witnesses and experts under the

conditions laid down by the C ourt in the rules ofprocedure referred to in A rticle 3 0.

Article 52

A fter the C ourt has received the proofs and evi-dence within the time specified for the purpose,it may refuse to accept any further oral or writtenevidence tha t one party may desire to present un-less the other side consents.

Article 531. Whenever one of the parties does not appear

before the Court, or fails to defend its case, theother party may call upon the Court to decide infavor of its claim.

2 . T he C ourt must, before doing so, satisfy itself, not only tha t it has jurisdiction in accordancewith Articles 36 and 37, but also that the claim iswell founded in fact and law.

Article 54

1. W hen, subject to the control of the C ourt,the a gen ts, counsel, and advocates have completedtheir presen tation of the case, the President shalldeclare the hearing closed.

2 . The Court shall withdraw to consider thejudgment.

3 . The deliberations of the Court shall takeplace in private and remain secret.

Article 55

1. A ll questions shall be decided by a maj orityof the judges present.

2 . In th e event of an equality of votes, the President or th e judge who acts in his place shall havea casting vote.

Article 56

1. The judgment shall state the reasons onwhich it is based.

2 . It sh all contain the names of the judges whohave taken part in the decision.

Article 57

If the judgment does not represent in whole orin pa rt th e unanimous opinion of the judges, anyjudge sh all be entitled to deliver a separate opinion

Article 58

The judgment shall be signed by the Presidenand by the R egistrar. It shall be read in open courtdue notice having heen given to the agents.

Article 59

T he decision of the C ourt has no binding forceexcept between the parties and in respect of thaparticular case.

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Article 60

The judgment is final and without appeal. Inthe event of dispute as to the meaning or scope ofthe judgment, the C ourt shall construe it upon therequest of any party.

Article 611. An application for revision of a judgment

may be made only when it is based upon the dis-covery of some fact of such a natu re as to be a de-cisive factor, which fact was, when the judgmentwas given, unknown to the Court and also to theparty claiming revision, always provided th at su chignorance was not due to negligence.

2 . T he proceedings for revision shall be openedby a judgment of the C ourt expressly recording the

existence of the new fact, recognizing that it hassuch a character as to lay the case open to revision,and declaring the application admissible on thisground.

3 . T he C ourt may require previous compliancewith the terms of the judgment before it admitsproceedings in revision.

4 . T he application for revision must be madeat latest within six months of the discovery of thenew fact.

5 . No application for revision may be madeafter the lapse of ten years from the date of thejudgment.

Article 62

1. S hould a state consider that it has an interestof a legal nature w hich may be affected by the de-cision in the case, it may submit a request to theC ourt to be permitted to intervene.

2 . It shall be for the C ourt to decide upon this

request. Article 63

1. W henever the construction of a conventionto which states other than those concerned in thecase are parties is in question, the R egistrar shallnotify a ll such states forthwith.

2 . E very state so notified h as the right to inter-vene in the proceedings; but if it uses this right,the construction given by the judgment will beequally binding upon it.

Article 64

U nless otherwise decided by the C ourt, eachparty shall bear its own costs.

C H A PT E R IVA D V I S O R Y O P I N I O N S

Article 65

1. T he C ourt may give an advisory opinion on

any legal question at the requ est of whatever bodymay be authorized by or in accordance with theCharter of the United Nations to make such arequest.

2 . Questions upon which the advisory opinionof th e C ourt is asked shall be laid before the C ourtby means of a written request containing an exactstatement of the question upon which an opinionis required, and accompanied by all documentslikely to throw light upon the question.

Article 66

1. T he R egistrar shall forthwith give notice ofthe request for an advisory opinion to all statesentitled to appear before the C ourt.

2 . The Registrar shall also, by means of aspecial and direct comm unication, notify any stateentitled to appear before the C ourt or internationalorganization considered by the Court, or, shouldit not be sitting, by the President, as likely to be

able to furnish information on the question, thatthe Court will be prepared to receive, within atime limit to be fixed by the President, writtenstatements, or to hear, at a public sitting to be heldfor the purpose, oral statements relating to thequestion.

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3 . S hould any such state entitled to appear be-fore the Court have failed to receive the specialcommunication referred to in paragraph 2 of thisA rticle, such state may express a desire to submita written statement or to be heard; and the Courtwill decide.

4 . S tates and organizations having presentedwritten or oral statements or both shall be per-mitted to comment on the statements made br-other states or organizations in the form, to theextent, and within the time limits which the C ourt,or, should it not be sitting, the President, shalldecide in each particular case. Accordingly, theR egistrar shall in due time communicate any suchwritten statements to states and organizationshaving submitted similar statemen ts.

Article 67

T he C ourt shall deliver its advisory opinions inopen court, notice having been given to the Secre-tary-General and to th e representatives of Mem bersof the U nited N ations, of other states and of inter-national organizations immediately concerned.

Article 68

In the exercise of its advisory functions the

C ourt shall fu rther be guided by the provisionthe present Statute which apply in contenticases to th e extent to which it recognizes them tapplicable.

C H A P T E R VA M E N D M E N T

Article 69

Amendments to the present Statute shalleffected by the same procedure as is providedthe C harter of the U nited N ations for amendmto that Charter, subject however to any provisiwhich the General Assembly upon recommention of the S ecurity C ouncil may adopt concern

the participation of states which are parties topresent S tatute but are not M embers of the U nNations.

Article 70

The Court shall have power to propose samendm ents to the p resent S tatute as it may denecessary, through written communications toS ecretary-General, for consideration in conformwith the provisions of A rticle 69 .

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F O R C H I N A :

PO U R L A C H I N E :

3a Kirran:PO R L A C H I N A :

T

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F O R T H E U N I O N O F S O V I E T S O C I A L I S T R E P U B L I C S :

P O U R L ' U N I O N D E S R E P U B L I Q U E S S O V I E T I Q U E S S O C I A L I S T E S :

3a C0103 C O B E T C K I I X ComiajiHcnraecKiix Pecnyojimc:P O R L A U N I O N D E R E P U B L I C A S S O C I A L I S T A S S O V I E T I C A S :

H tMh —

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F O R T H E U N I T E D K I N G D O M O F G R E A T B R I T A I N A N D N O R T H E R N I R E L A N D :

P O U R L E R O Y A U M E - U N I D E GR A N D E - B R E T A G N E E T D ' I R L A N D E D U N O R D :

3 a C oe^H H eH H oe KopojieBC TBO BeHEofpHTamnnCeBepHOHH H C e

P O R E L R E I N O U N I D O D E L A G R A N B R E T A N A E I R L A N D A D E L N O R T E :

F O R T H E U N I T E D S T A T E S O F A M E R I C A

P O U R L E S E T A T S - U N I S D ' A M E R I Q U E :

3a CoeflimeHHBie IHraTH

P O R L O S E S T A D

7

^ A

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F O R F R A N C E :

PO U R L A F R A N C E

3aP O R F R A N C I A :

F O R A R G E N T I N A :

P O U R L 'A R G E N T I N E :

3a ApreHTHHy:P O R L A A R G E N T I N A

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FOR AUSTRALIA:

POUR L AUSTRALIE

3aPOR AUSTRAL

FOR THE KINGDOM OF BELGIUM:

POUR LE ROYAUME DE BELGIQUE :

Kopo.ieBCTBo Bejitran:

P O R EL R E I N O DE B E L G I C A :

FOR BOLIVIA:

POUR LA BOLIVIE

BojniBiiio:

POR BOLIVIA:

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F O R BRAZIL:

POUR LE BRESIL:

3 a Bpa3iiJiino:

P O R EL BRASIL:

'C-<--i»_-»—•—• j

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F O R C H I L E :

P O U R LE C H I L I :

3 aP O R C H I L E ;

^J^VY//l*^

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F O R C O L O M B I A :

PO U R L A C O L O M BI E

F f5

3 aP O R C O L O M B I A :

F O R C O S T A R I C A :P O U R C O S T A - R I C A

3a KocTapmcy:P O R C O S T A R I C A :

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F O R C U B A :

P O U R C U B A

3a Kyoy:P O R C U B A :

F O R C Z E C H O S L O V A K I A :

PO U R L A T C H E C O S L O V A Q U IE

3 a lIexocjioBaKHH):P O R C H E C O E S L O V A Q U I A :

F O R D E N M A R K :

P O U R L E D A N E M A R K

3 a JP O R D I N A M A R C A :

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F O R THE D O M IN I C A N R E P U B L I C :

P O U R LA R E P U B L I QU E D O M IN I C A I N E :

3a /JoMEHHKaHCKyio Pec

PO R LA R E P U B L I C A

FOR ECUADOR:

POUR L EQUATEUR

3aPOR EL ECUADOR:

F O R E G Y P T :

P O U R L ' E G Y P T E :

^ A ^ K ^ J ^ i l í L

3a

P O R E G I P T O :

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F O R E L S A L VA D O R :

P O U R L E S A L V A D O R

3 a

P O R E L S A L V A D O R :r

F O R E T H I O P I A :

P O U R L ' E T H I O P I E

3 aP O R E T I O P I A :

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F O R G R E E C E :

P O U R L A G R E C E :

3a rpemiio:P O R G R E C I A :

F O R G U A T E M A L A :

P O U R L E G U A T E M A L A

J B U U3a FBaTeMajiy:P O R G U A T E M A L A

F O R H A I T I :

P O U R H A I T I :

3 aP O R H A I T I :

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FO R H O N D U R A S :

P O U R L E H O N D U R A S :

3a FoHflypac:

P O R H O N D U R A S :

F O R I N D I A :

P O U R L ' I N D E :

3 a H H , ¡ J H I O :

P O R L A I N D I A :

F O R I R A N :

P O U R L ' I R A N :

3a Hpan:P O R I R A N :

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FO R IRAQ:

PO UR L IRAK:

3a Hpaie:PO R IRAK:

FOR LEBANON:

PO UR LE LIBAN

3aPO R EL LIBANO

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F O R L I B E R I A :

P O U R L E L I B E R I A :

3a JTHÔepmo:P O R L I B E R I A

F O R T H E GR A N D D U C H Y O F L U XE M BO U R G

P O U R L E GR A N D D U C H E D E L U XE M BO U R G

3a BejiHKoe FepuorcTBo JIroKceM6ypr:P O R E L G R A N D U C A D O D E L U X E M BU R G O :

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FOR MEXI CO

POUR LE MEXIQUE

3a MeKcmcy:POR MEXI CO:

F O R T H E K I N G D O M O F T H E N E T H E R L A N D S

P O U R L E R O Y A U M E D E S P A Y S -B A S :

3a KopojieBCTBoP O R E L R E I N O D E H O L A N D A :

F O R N E W Z E A L A N D :

P O U R L A N O U V E L L E - Z E L A N D E :

3a HOBVK) 3ejiaHffHio:

P O R N U E V A Z E L A N D I A :

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FO R NICARAGUA:

POUR LE NICARAGUA:

3a HnKaparya:PO R NICARAGUA:

FOR T H E K I NGDOM OF NOR WA Y:

POUR LE OYAUME E NORVÈG E:

3a KopojiescTBO HopBerm:

PO R EL R E I N O DE N O R U E GA :

FOR PANAMA:

POUR LE PANAMA:

3a

P O R P A N A M A :

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F O R P A R A G U A Y :

P O U R L E P A R A G U A Y

3a IlaparBaH:P O R E L P A R A G U A Y :

F O R P E R U :

PO U R L E P E R O U :

3a I lepy:P O R E L P E R U :

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F O R .T H E P H I L I P PI N E C O M MO N W E A L T H :

PO U R L E C O M M O N W E A L T H D E S PH I L I P P I N E S :

3 aP O R L A M A N C O M U N ID A D D E F I L I P I N A S :

/ *

/

F O R P O L A N D :

PO U R L A PO L O G N E

3a IIojiBiny:P O R P O L O N I A :

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F O R S A U D I A R A B I A :

P O U R L ' A R A B I E S A O U D I T E

3a Cay#n ApaBHio:

P O R A R A B I A S A U D I T A :

F O R S Y R I A :

P O U R L A S Y R I E :

3 a C n p n i o :

P O R S I R I A :

F O R T U R K E Y :

P O U R L A T U R Q U I E

3aTypupEDEo:P O R T U R Q U I A :

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F O R THE UKRAINIAN SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLIC:

POUR LA RÉPUBLIQUE SOVIÉTIQUE SOCIALISTE D UKRAINE:

8a yKpaHHCKyio CoBeTCKyio Coi iiajmcTn ecKyio Pecnydjimcy:

P O R LA REPÚBLICA SOCIALISTA SOVIÉTICA UCRANIANA:

^vwi/V(ro

F O R THE U N IO N OF S O U T H A F R I C A :

P O U R L ' U N I O N S U D - A F R I C A I N E :

3 a IOiKHoa pmcaHCKiiH C 1 3:

P O R LA U N IÓ N S UD A F R IC A N A :

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FOR URUGUAY:

POUR L URUGUAY

3aPOR EL URUGUAY

FOR VENEZUELA:

POUR LE VENEZ UELA:

8a BeHecyaziy:POR VENEZUELA:

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F O R Y U G O S L A V I A :

POUR L A YOUGOSLAVIE

3a K)rocJiaBmo:

P O R Y U G O S L A V I A :

I C e r t i f y 1 h a t the foregoing is a true copy of the C harter of the U nited N ations, with the

Statute of the International Court of Justice annexed thereto, signed in San Francisco,

C alifornia, on J une 2 6, 1 94 5 , in the C hinese, F rench, R ussian, E nglish, and S panish languages,

the signed original of which is deposited in the archives of the Government of the United

States of America.

I n T e s t i m o n y Whereof , I , E D W A R D R . S T E T T I N I U S , J R . , Secretary of State, have here-unto caused the seal of the Department of State to be affixed and my name subscribed by an

Assistant Chief, D ivision of C entral Services of the said D epartment, at the city of Washington,

in the D istrict of C olumbia, this twenty-qewwroilay of J un e1 94 5 .

Se/ifeUiTyjof State

Assistant Chief, Division of Central Services

uncharter

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