uji karsinogenik & mutagenik
TRANSCRIPT
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KARSINOGENESIS DAN MUTAGENESIS
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MUTAGENESIS
: INDUKSI THDP BERBAGAI PERUBAHAN KADAR INFORMASI DR SUATU ORGANISME/SEL YG TDK DISEBABKAN PROSES REKOMBINAN NORMAL
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4 KATEGORI UTAMA UJI MUTAGENESIS
1. MUTASI GEN2. PERUBAHAN KROMOSOM3. PERBAIKAN DNA DAN
REKOMBINASI4. UJI LAIN
EVALUASI PEMILIHAN SIST UJI DILAKUKAN BILA DIDPT HASIL NEGATIF PALSU, SHG DILAKUKAN SERANGKAIAN UJI
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Why the Ames test is so useful
a. it is fast: requires just a few days to complete
b. can be performed easilyc. many compounds can be tested at one
timed. it is very sensitive: can detect one
mutation per billion cellse. can detect mutagaens formed as a result
of normal cellular function
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Elements of Ames testa. tryptophan requiring Salmonella
typhimurium: requires tryptophan to grow
tryp- bacteria
b. smooth endoplasmic reticulum from mouse liver: contains liver enzymes that detoxify ingested material.
These enzymes can produce mutagens from normally nonmutagenic chemicals that are ingested.
c. chemical in question
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Results of Ames test
if chemical is a mutagen then tryp- bacteria will be mutated to tryp+
bacteria
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Doing the Ames test
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KARSINOGENESITAS
KARSINOGENESIS KIMIA:INDUKSI/PENINGKATAN NEOPLASIA
OLEH ZAT 2X KIMIA
RESPON SUATU ORGANISME THDP KARSINOGEN:
1. ME FREKUENSI 1/BBRP JENIS TUMOR
2. PERKEMBANGAN TUMOR TDK TAMPAK DLM KLMP PEMBANDING
3. MUNCUL TUMOR LEBIH AWAL 4. JUML TUMOR LEBIH TINGG
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MACAM-MACAM KARSINOGEN
LINGKUNGAN : B(a)P, ANILIN ALAM : AFLATOKSIN ELEMEN ANORGANIK : Cd, As RADIASI : X-rays
80% KARSINOGEN: “ENVIRONMENTAL
COMPONENTS”
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KARSINOGEN BERDASARKAN
CARA KERJA
KARSINOGEN GENOTOKSIKKARSINOGEN EPIGENETIK
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KARSINOGEN GENOTOKSIK
KARSINOGEN KERJA LANGSUNG
PROKARSINOGEN
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KARSINOGEN KERJA LANGSUNG
AKTIF SEC BIOLOGI BERSIFAT ELEKTROFIL LANGSUNG & SPESIFIK
BERINTERAKSI DGN MAKROMOLEKUL
CTH: MUSTARD NITROGEN EPOKSID ALKIL
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PROKARSINOGENDIAKTIVASI SEC LANGSUNG/ PEMBTKAN KARSINOGEN ANTARA
Contoh: POLISIKLIK HIDROKARBON
AROMATIK AFLAKTOKSIN CCL4
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KARSINOGEN EPIGENETIK
KOKARSINOGENPROMOTORKARSINOGEN BENDA ASING
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INISIASI
KERUSAKAN AWAL DNA YG IRREVERSIBEL
INISIASISEL SEL NEOPLASTIK
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PROMOSI
FASE II TJD PERUBAHAN DR SEL
NEOPLASTIK MENJD TUMOR, YANG BERSIFAT REVERSIBEL
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UJI KARSINOGENESITAS JANGKA PANJANG
HEWAN : TIKUS/MENCIT, MARMOT
SIFAT STRAIN:1. PEKA THDP KARSINOGEN2. INSIDEN TUMOR SPONTAN RENCAH3. LAJU & POLA BIOTRANSFORMASI
MIRIP MANUSIA
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LAMA PENELTIIAN : 24 BLN TIKUS
18 BLN MENCIT
CARA PEMBERIAN SAMA DGN MANUSIA
DOSIS YG DIBERIKAN : HEWAN TETAP HIDUP, TAPI TUMOR AKAN MUNCUL
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PENGAMATAN: BERAT BADAN&KONSUMSI PAKAN PENGAMATAN UMUM UJI LAB: HEMATOLOGI STANDAR PASCA MATI (MAKROS &
MIKROSKOPIK) PELAPORAN
1.JUMLAH BERBAGAI JENIS TUMOR
2.JUMLAH HEWAN YG ADA TUMOR
3.JUMLAH TUMOR TIAP HEWAN4.PERMULAAN MUNCUL TUMOR
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